Screamo: Difference between revisions
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'''Screamo'''<!---Do not add "Skramz" as an alternate term for this genre. The source clearly indicates it is a "joke."---> is an aggressive style of [[emo]] that emerged in the early 1990s, combining musical intensity with "willfully [[experimental music|experimental]] [[Consonance and dissonance#Dissonance|dissonance]] and dynamics."<ref name=Heller>Jason Heller, "Feast of Reason". ''Denver Westword'', June 20, 2002. [http://www.westword.com/2002-06-20/music/feast-of-reason/print] Access date: June 15, 2008</ref> It was pioneered by [[San Diego]] bands [[Heroin (band)|Heroin]] and [[Antioch Arrow]] and developed in the late 1990s mainly by bands from the [[East Coast of the United States]] such as [[Orchid (hardcore punk band)|Orchid]], [[Saetia]], and [[Pg. 99]]. Screamo is strongly influenced by [[hardcore punk]] and characterized by the use of [[screaming (music)|screamed vocals]].<ref name="ScreamoAM">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/screamo-d13459|title=Explore style: Screamo|date=2010|publisher=AllMusic|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017103638/http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/screamo-d13459|archivedate=October 17, 2010|accessdate=January 12, 2015}}</ref> Lyrical themes usually include emotional pain, romantic interest, politics, and human rights.<ref name=Jimd/> "Screamo" has often been mistakenly used as an umbrella term for any music that features screamed vocals.<ref name="ScreamoAM"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://emertainmentmonthly.com/2014/10/09/six-bands-bringing-respect-back-screamo-vocals/|title=Six Bands Bringing Respect Back to 'Screamo' Vocals|last=Morgan|first=Phillip|date=October 9, 2014|work=<!--- This is how it is spelled. Do NOT change it to "Entertainment Monthly"! --->Emertainment Monthly |
'''Screamo'''<!---Do not add "Skramz" as an alternate term for this genre. The source clearly indicates it is a "joke."---> is an aggressive style of [[emo]] that emerged in the early 1990s, combining musical intensity with "willfully [[experimental music|experimental]] [[Consonance and dissonance#Dissonance|dissonance]] and dynamics."<ref name=Heller>Jason Heller, "Feast of Reason". ''Denver Westword'', June 20, 2002. [http://www.westword.com/2002-06-20/music/feast-of-reason/print] Access date: June 15, 2008</ref> It was pioneered by [[San Diego]] bands [[Heroin (band)|Heroin]] and [[Antioch Arrow]] and developed in the late 1990s mainly by bands from the [[East Coast of the United States]] such as [[Orchid (hardcore punk band)|Orchid]], [[Saetia]], and [[Pg. 99]]. Screamo is strongly influenced by [[hardcore punk]] and characterized by the use of [[screaming (music)|screamed vocals]].<ref name="ScreamoAM">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/screamo-d13459|title=Explore style: Screamo|date=2010|publisher=AllMusic|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017103638/http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/screamo-d13459|archivedate=October 17, 2010|accessdate=January 12, 2015}}</ref> Lyrical themes usually include emotional pain, romantic interest, politics, and human rights.<ref name=Jimd/> "Screamo" has often been mistakenly used as an umbrella term for any music that features screamed vocals.<ref name="ScreamoAM"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://emertainmentmonthly.com/2014/10/09/six-bands-bringing-respect-back-screamo-vocals/|title=Six Bands Bringing Respect Back to 'Screamo' Vocals|last=Morgan|first=Phillip|date=October 9, 2014|work=<!--- This is how it is spelled. Do NOT change it to "Entertainment Monthly"! --->Emertainment Monthly|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319080400/http://emertainmentmonthly.com/2014/10/09/six-bands-bringing-respect-back-screamo-vocals/|archivedate=March 19, 2015|df=}}</ref><ref name="IowaSC"/> |
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==Terminology== |
==Terminology== |
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===Origins (Early 1990s)=== |
===Origins (Early 1990s)=== |
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[[File: Live-pg.99.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Screamo band [[Pg. 99]] performing live in Reading, Pennsylvania.]] |
[[File: Live-pg.99.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Screamo band [[Pg. 99]] performing live in Reading, Pennsylvania.]] |
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Screamo arose as a distinct music genre in 1991, in San Diego, at the [[Ché Café]],<ref>"A Day with the Locust", ''L.A. Weekly'', September 18, 2003 |
Screamo arose as a distinct music genre in 1991, in San Diego, at the [[Ché Café]],<ref>"A Day with the Locust", ''L.A. Weekly'', September 18, 2003 {{cite web |url=http://www.brassland.org/ahb/writing/archives/2003/09/a_day_with_the.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-07-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305104850/http://www.brassland.org/ahb/writing/archives/2003/09/a_day_with_the.html |archivedate=2009-03-05 |df= }} Access date: June 19, 2008</ref> including bands such as [[Heroin (band)|Heroin]] and [[Antioch Arrow]].<ref name="godfather">{{cite web |url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/aaron-montaigne-godfather-of-screamo-is-more-interesting-than-you-can-ever-hope-to-be---part-one |title=AARON MONTAIGNE, GODFATHER OF SCREAMO, IS MORE INTERESTING THAN YOU CAN EVER HOPE TO BE - PART ONE |publisher=Zachary Lipez |date=April 19, 2013}}</ref> [[Gravity Records (US)|Gravity Records]]<ref name="AP">{{cite news| title =Blood Runs Deep: 23 A hat.| page =126| publisher =Alternative Press| date =2008-07-07}}</ref><ref>Trevor Kelley, "California Screaming". ''[[Alternative Press (music magazine)|Alternative Press]]'' 17 (2003), pp. 84-86.</ref> and [[Ebullition Records]]<ref name="ebullition">Ebullition Catalog, Portraits of Past discography. [http://www.ebullition.com/catalog32.html] Access date: August 9, 2008.</ref> released this more chaotic and expressive descendant of emo. The scene is noted for its distinctive fashion sense, inspired by [[mod (subculture)|mod]] culture.<ref name="skatepunk.net">Interview with Justin Pearson on Skatepunk.net, [http://www.skatepunk.net/articles/jpiview.html] Access date: June 13, 2008</ref> As with ''emo'', the term ''screamo'' carries some controversy among participants.<ref name="Heller" /> |
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The innovations of the San Diego scene eventually spread elsewhere, such as to the Seattle group [[The Blood Brothers (band)|The Blood Brothers]].<ref>Matt Schild, "Bleeding Hearts." Aversion.com. March 3, 2003. [http://www.aversion.com/bands/interviews.cfm?f_id=189] Access date: June 15, 2008.</ref> Many groups from the East Coast were influential in the continual development and reinvention of the style, including [[Orchid (screamo band)|Orchid]],<ref>{{cite news|quote="Orchid always was, and always will be the quintessential screamo band of the late 90s, as they encompassed everything people like me love about the genre, and throw their own unique spin on it"|author=Anchors|title=Review of Orchid's ''Totality''|date=December 27, 2005|accessdate=June 16, 2008|url=http://www.punknews.org/review/4842}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nick Catucci|title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide|year=2004|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/blackdice/biography|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}</ref> [[Pg. 99]], [[Saetia]],<ref name="RB">{{cite news|author=Ryan Buege|title=Circle Takes the Square is in the Studio|work=Metal Injection|date=June 15, 2008|url=http://metalinjection.net/latest-news/circle-takes-the-square-is-in-the-studio|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}</ref> [[City of Caterpillar]],<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> [[Jeromes Dream]], [[Circle Takes the Square]], [[Hot Cross]], and [[Ampere (band)|Ampere]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Nick Greer|title=Ampere review|work=Sputnik Music|date=August 29, 2005|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=3361|accessdate=August 9, 2008}}</ref> |
The innovations of the San Diego scene eventually spread elsewhere, such as to the Seattle group [[The Blood Brothers (band)|The Blood Brothers]].<ref>Matt Schild, "Bleeding Hearts." Aversion.com. March 3, 2003. [http://www.aversion.com/bands/interviews.cfm?f_id=189] Access date: June 15, 2008.</ref> Many groups from the East Coast were influential in the continual development and reinvention of the style, including [[Orchid (screamo band)|Orchid]],<ref>{{cite news|quote="Orchid always was, and always will be the quintessential screamo band of the late 90s, as they encompassed everything people like me love about the genre, and throw their own unique spin on it"|author=Anchors|title=Review of Orchid's ''Totality''|date=December 27, 2005|accessdate=June 16, 2008|url=http://www.punknews.org/review/4842}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nick Catucci|title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide|year=2004|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/blackdice/biography|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}</ref> [[Pg. 99]], [[Saetia]],<ref name="RB">{{cite news|author=Ryan Buege|title=Circle Takes the Square is in the Studio|work=Metal Injection|date=June 15, 2008|url=http://metalinjection.net/latest-news/circle-takes-the-square-is-in-the-studio|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}</ref> [[City of Caterpillar]],<ref name="ScreamoAM" /> [[Jeromes Dream]], [[Circle Takes the Square]], [[Hot Cross]], and [[Ampere (band)|Ampere]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Nick Greer|title=Ampere review|work=Sputnik Music|date=August 29, 2005|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=3361|accessdate=August 9, 2008}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 20:29, 4 September 2017
| Screamo | |
|---|---|
 Orchid performing in 2000 | |
| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | Early 1990s, San Diego, California, U.S. |
| Typical instruments | |
| Fusion genres | |
| Emoviolence | |
| Regional scenes | |
| |
| Other topics | |
Screamo is an aggressive style of emo that emerged in the early 1990s, combining musical intensity with "willfully experimental dissonance and dynamics."[1] It was pioneered by San Diego bands Heroin and Antioch Arrow and developed in the late 1990s mainly by bands from the East Coast of the United States such as Orchid, Saetia, and Pg. 99. Screamo is strongly influenced by hardcore punk and characterized by the use of screamed vocals.[2] Lyrical themes usually include emotional pain, romantic interest, politics, and human rights.[3] "Screamo" has often been mistakenly used as an umbrella term for any music that features screamed vocals.[2][4][5]
Terminology
While the genre was developing in the early 1990s, it was not initially called "screamo."[6] Chris Taylor, lead vocalist for the band Pg. 99, said "we never liked that whole screamo thing. Even during our existence, we tried to venture away from the fashion and tell people, 'Hey, this is punk.'"[7] Jonathan Dee of The New York Times wrote that the term "tends to bring a scornful laugh from the bands themselves."[8] Lars Gotrich of NPR Music made the following comment on the matter in 2011:[7]
The screamo scene [has] change[d] a lot in the last 10 years. There used to be more creative bands like Circle Takes the Square and City of Caterpillar. And then it took this route where screamo got really streamlined and unrecognizable to the point where someone hilariously invented the term skramz to distinguish the first wave of screamo bands.
In the 2000s the term "screamo" began being used loosely to describe any use of screamed vocals in music.[2] It has been applied to a wide variety of genres unrelated to the original screamo scene.[9] Juan Gabe, vocalist for the band Comadre, alleged that the term "has been kind of tainted in a way, especially in the States."[10] Derek Miller, guitarist for the band Poison the Well noted the term's constant differing usages and jokingly stated that it "describes a thousand different genres."[9] According to Jeff Mitchell of Iowa State Daily, "there is no set definition of what screamo sounds like but screaming over once deafeningly loud rocking noise and suddenly quiet, melodic guitar lines is a theme commonly affiliated with the genre."[5] Bert McCracken, lead singer of The Used, stated that screamo is merely a term "for record companies to sell records and for record stores to categorize them."[11]
History
Origins (Early 1990s)
Screamo arose as a distinct music genre in 1991, in San Diego, at the Ché Café,[12] including bands such as Heroin and Antioch Arrow.[13] Gravity Records[14][15] and Ebullition Records[6] released this more chaotic and expressive descendant of emo. The scene is noted for its distinctive fashion sense, inspired by mod culture.[16] As with emo, the term screamo carries some controversy among participants.[1]
The innovations of the San Diego scene eventually spread elsewhere, such as to the Seattle group The Blood Brothers.[17] Many groups from the East Coast were influential in the continual development and reinvention of the style, including Orchid,[18][19] Pg. 99, Saetia,[20] City of Caterpillar,[2] Jeromes Dream, Circle Takes the Square, Hot Cross, and Ampere.[21]
Mainstream influence (Late 1990s–mid 2000s)
By 1995, the term "screamo" drifted into the music press, especially in the journalism of Jim DeRogatis and Andy Greenwald,[3] and by the mid-2000s, the term was being applied to many newer bands.[2] Screamo bands such as The Used, Thrice, Finch, Thursday, Alexisonfire, and Silverstein developed a newer period of screamo in the 21st century.[2][22][22] Thursday cited the post-punk band Joy Division, and the post-hardcore band Fugazi as important influences, but also took cues from the alternative rock styles of Radiohead, U2, and The Cure.[23][24] Many of these bands took influence from bands like Refused and At the Drive-In.[2] In contrast to the do-it-yourself screamo bands of the 1990s, screamo bands such as Thursday and The Used have signed multi-album contracts with labels such as Island Def Jam and Reprise Records.[25]
The term "post-screamo" has been used loosely to describe a wide variety of music in the 2000s and later that was influenced by traditional screamo.[26][27][28] In a review of City of Caterpillar's influence on the genre, reporter Jason Heller of Vice writes "Call it post-screamo, if you must. Okay, maybe don’t do that. But .... the early 00s weren’t the end of an era or anything so corny. It was just a transition."[28]
Contemporary revival (Mid 2000s–present)
In the mid 2000s the style of early screamo regained popularity, with American bands like Comadre,[10] Off Minor, and Hot Cross releasing records on independent labels. The contemporary screamo scene has also remained particularly active in Europe, with bands such as Amanda Woodward,[29] Louise Cyphre,[30] Le Pré Où Je Suis Mort,[31] La Quiete, and Raein all being prime examples of their scene. Many of these bands have existed since the initial explosion of European screamo in the early 2000s, and the scene in countries like Italy and France has remained strong.
In the early 2010s the term "screamo" began to be largely reclaimed by a new crop of do-it-yourself bands, with many screamo acts, like Loma Prieta, Pianos Become the Teeth, La Dispute, and Touché Amoré releasing records on fairly large independent labels such as Deathwish Inc.[32] In 2011 Alternative Press noted that La Dispute is "at the forefront of a traditional-screamo revival" for their critically acclaimed release Wildlife.[33] They are a part of a group of stylistically similar screamo-revival bands self-defined as "The Wave," made up of Touché Amoré, La Dispute, Defeater, Pianos Become the Teeth, and Make Do and Mend.[34][35]
Characteristics
Screamo is a style of hardcore punk-influenced emo with screaming.[2] Alex Henderson of AllMusic considers screamo a bridge between hardcore punk and emo.[37] The term screamo is a portmanteau of the words "scream" and "emo." Screamo uses typical rock instrumentation, but is notable for its brief compositions, chaotic sounds, harmonized guitars, and screaming vocals.[38] Screamo is characterized "by frequent shifts in tempo and dynamics and by tension-and-release catharses."[8] Some screamo music features chaotic vocals and quiet, melodic guitar lines.[5] Many screamo bands also incorporate ballads.[38] According to AllMusic, screamo is "generally based in the aggressive side of the overarching punk-revival scene."[2] Screamed vocals are used "not consistently, but as a kind of crescendo element, a sonic weapon to be trotted out when the music and lyrics reach a particular emotional pitch."[8] Emotional singing and harsh screaming are common vocals in screamo.[2]
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Screamo lyrics often feature topics such as emotional pain, breakups, romantic interest, politics, and human rights.[3][39] These lyrics are usually introspective, similar to that of softer emo bands.[2] The New York Times noted that "part of the music's appeal is its un-self-conscious acceptance of differences, respect for otherness." Some screamo bands openly demonstrate acceptance of religious, nonreligious, and straight edge lifestyles[8] Screamo fashion includes shaggy "vulcan" haircuts, tight T-shirts, denim jackets and thick-rimmed glasses.[5]
Many screamo bands in the 1990s saw themselves as implicitly political, and as a reaction against the turn to the right embodied by California politicians, such as Roger Hedgecock.[16] Some groups were also unusually theoretical in inspiration: Angel Hair cited surrealist writers Antonin Artaud and Georges Bataille,[1] and Orchid lyrically name-checked French new wave icon Anna Karina, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, French philosopher Michel Foucault, and critical theory originators the Frankfurt School.[40]
Fusion genres
Emoviolence is a stylistic fusion of screamo and powerviolence. The name was coined half-jokingly by In/Humanity.[41] Recognizable elements of emoviolence are its incorporation of amplified feedback and blast beats; the music is highly dissonant and chaotic, generally featuring fast tempos, shouting, and screamed vocals.[42] Emoviolence practitioners include Pg. 99,[43] Orchid,[44] Reversal Of Man,[44] Usurp Synapse,[45] RentAmerica, and In/Humanity.[41][46]
Crunkcore, also called "screamo-crunk," is a music genre that combines crunk with the typical vocal style of screamo.[47][48][49][50] However, it's association with the original screamo genre has been disputed due to the rampant misuse of the term.[51]
Some screamo groups, such as Orchid, Reversal of Man, and Circle Takes the Square, tend to be much closer to grindcore than their forebears.[44][52] Other screamo acts have incorporated post-rock into their music. This fusion is characterized by abrupt changes in pace, atmospheric, harmonic instrumentation, and low-volume vocals.[53][54] Pianos Become the Teeth,[55] City of Caterpillar, Envy, Funeral Diner, and Le Pré Où Je Suis Mort[31][53] are examples of post-rock influenced screamo acts.
See also
References
- ^ a b c Jason Heller, "Feast of Reason". Denver Westword, June 20, 2002. [1] Access date: June 15, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Explore style: Screamo". AllMusic. 2010. Archived from the original on October 17, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
- ^ a b c Jim DeRogatis, "Screamo", Guitar World, November 2002 [2] Access date: July 18, 2008
- ^ Morgan, Phillip (October 9, 2014). "Six Bands Bringing Respect Back to 'Screamo' Vocals". Emertainment Monthly. Archived from the original on March 19, 2015.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Mitchell, Jeff (July 26, 2001). "A Screamin' Scene". Iowa State Daily. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
- ^ a b Ebullition Catalog, Portraits of Past discography. [3] Access date: August 9, 2008.
- ^ a b Lars Gotrich, Pg. 99: A Document Revisited: NPR Music Interview
- ^ a b c d Dee, Jonathan (June 29, 2003). "The Summer of Screamo". The New York Times. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
- ^ a b "Screamo". Jimdero.com. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ a b Jan, "Yellow is the new pink", 18-04-07
- ^ Greenwald, Andy (21 November 2003). "Screamo 101". Entertainment Weekly (738). Retrieved 2 August 2008.
- ^ "A Day with the Locust", L.A. Weekly, September 18, 2003 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Access date: June 19, 2008 - ^ "AARON MONTAIGNE, GODFATHER OF SCREAMO, IS MORE INTERESTING THAN YOU CAN EVER HOPE TO BE - PART ONE". Zachary Lipez. April 19, 2013.
- ^ "Blood Runs Deep: 23 A hat". Alternative Press. 2008-07-07. p. 126.
- ^ Trevor Kelley, "California Screaming". Alternative Press 17 (2003), pp. 84-86.
- ^ a b Interview with Justin Pearson on Skatepunk.net, [4] Access date: June 13, 2008
- ^ Matt Schild, "Bleeding Hearts." Aversion.com. March 3, 2003. [5] Access date: June 15, 2008.
- ^ Anchors (December 27, 2005). "Review of Orchid's Totality". Retrieved June 16, 2008.
Orchid always was, and always will be the quintessential screamo band of the late 90s, as they encompassed everything people like me love about the genre, and throw their own unique spin on it
- ^ Nick Catucci (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ Ryan Buege (June 15, 2008). "Circle Takes the Square is in the Studio". Metal Injection. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ Nick Greer (August 29, 2005). "Ampere review". Sputnik Music. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
- ^ a b Dee, Jonathan (2003-06-29). "The Summer of Screamo". The New York Times. pp. Section 6, Column 1, Magazine Desk, Pg. 26.
- ^ Interview with Thursday on The PunkSite.com, [6] Access date: June 13, 2008.
- ^ Andy Greenwald, Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers, and Emo, New York: Saint Martin's Griffin, 2003, p. 153
- ^ Greenwald, p. 149.
- ^ Inc, CMJ Network (2004). CMJ New Music Monthly. CMJ Network, Inc. ISSN 1074-6978.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ Ward, Xavier (20170126110000). "The Get Down: Touche Amore, Radiator Hospital, Curse Words, bummer jams". Retrieved 2017-07-17.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ a b "Ambient Apocalypse: How City of Caterpillar Encompassed an Era". Noisey. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ^ Kevin Jagernauth, PopMatters, November 29, 2004. [7] Access date: July 28, 2008.
- ^ "Altogether, our music certainly still is 'screamo'." - Sven, interview with Julien, "ShootMeAgain Webzine", 06-11-2006. [8]
- ^ a b "Live Review: La Dispute, Le Pre Ou Je Suis Mort, Maths and History, The Chantry, Canterbury - 22/06/10". Alter The Press!. 2010-06-22. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ http://www.deathwishinc.com/bands/
- ^ a b "La Dispute - Wildlife - Reviews - Alternative Press". Alternative Press. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
- ^ "La Dispute Interview | Features | Caught in the Crossfire". www.caughtinthecrossfire.com. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
- ^ Considine, Clare; Gibsone, Harriet; Pattison, Louis; Richards, Sam; Rowe, Sian (2012-06-29). "The A-Z of pop in 2012". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
- ^ Telang, Veethi. Buzzle: Intelligent Life on the Web. "Good Screamo Songs".
- ^ Henderson, Alex. "Let It Enfold You - Senses Fail". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ a b Keltz, Dryw (November 22, 2006). "Screamo, San Diego's Baby". San Diego Reader.
- ^ Chandler, Michael Alison (April 13, 2006). "Angst Amplified in Songs". The Washington Post.
- ^ Orchid, Dance Tonight, Revolution Tomorrow. Allmusic Guide. [9] Access date: June 17, 2008.
- ^ a b Jason Thompson (15 June 2008). "CIRCLE TAKES THE SQUARE is in the studio". PopMatters. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ Anchors (December 27, 2005). "Punknews.org Orchid - Totality". Punknews.org. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
- ^ Tiernan (2015-07-15), Jack. "Starter Kit: Screamo/Emoviolence". heavyblogisheavy.com. Heavy Blog Is Heavy. Retrieved 2017-05-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Greg, Pratt (22 September 2010). "Altered States, Grindcore Special part 2". Terrorizer (181). United Kingdom: Miranda Yardley: 43.
Another interesting sub-subgenre was this strange crossover of first-generation emo and grind. Bands like Reversal of Man or Orchid may not have stood the test of time, but it was a pretty cool sound at the time and one that was pretty uniquely American
- ^ Morris, Kurt. "Usurp Synapse - Disinformation Fix". allmusic.com. AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-05-07.
- ^ Andy Malcolm. "La Quiete - the Apoplexy Twist Orchestra split (Heroine Records)". Collective Zine. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Screamo meets crunk? Welcome to Scrunk! | Music| guardian.co.uk
- ^ Cooper, Ryan. "Crunkcore". About.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ Coquillette, Cici (27 April 2009). "In Defense of Screamo crunk". Student Life. Washington University Student Media. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ Lampiris, Steve (14 April 2009). "Latest music genre unlikely to get many listeners 'crunk'". The Badger Herald. The Badger Herald. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ "Genre Dictionary, 2000-09: From Crabcore To S---gaze". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
- ^ "CIRCLE TAKES THE SQUARE is in the studio". metal injection. 15 June 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
...CIRCLE TAKES THE SQUARE have retained their integrity and stayed true to the grind influenced experimental, progressive hardcore soundscapes that defined the screamo albums of the early part of the millennium.
- ^ a b "Interpunk.com - The Ultimate Punk Music Store! Le Pre Ou Je Suis Mort". Interpunk. January 15, 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ Benjamin (January 10, 2009). "Single State of Man – s/t LP". Pinnacle Magazine. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
- ^ Andrew Kelham (January 21, 2010). "Pianos Become The Teeth - Old Pride Reviews Rock blood on the dance floor is an example of screamo sound". Rock Sound. Retrieved September 1, 2011.