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December 13

Yakut translation please

Please translate these words into English.

Саргылардаах сахаларбыт ->
Ыччат сахаларга ->

If you can, please also translate this to English. Much help is needed, I need to construct an article about the anthem of the Tungus Republic. Thanks!--Jeromi Mikhael (talk) 13:51, 13 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

December 15

Deciphering Latin from a song again

Hello again, I would like some help deciphering the Latin spoken in the first 18 seconds of this song, and then translate them if possible.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzlVgY9ShT8 (Duration is from 00:00 to 00:18)

There is a comment that has noted it is an excerpt from a funeral prayer, ″it means something old is dying, so something new can begin″; There are numerous classical and new/contemporary Latin in both fiction and spoken quotes I've heard and listened to and I can't keep track of them all, so I would like to confirm this.

Edit: Nevermind what I said about the funeral prayer comment; after closer listening it sounds very similar to Psalm 129 of the Vulgate, but some things seem off, or I'm just not remembering things well. ″De profundis clamavi ad te Domine″ seems to spark this memory.

Thank you in advance --72.235.231.236 (talk) 08:37, 15 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Yeah, it's just De profundis. I can hear the first bit at least (De profundis clamavi ad te, Domine; Domine, exaudi vocem meam), until the music drowns out the voice. Adam Bishop (talk) 13:20, 15 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Georgian, Armenian surnames

I notice a lot of Georgian surnames end with -ashvili or -ishvili. Does that suffix have a particular meaning? Similarly with Armenian -ian/-yan. Thanks! 173.228.123.166 (talk) 19:04, 15 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

It mean "child of" (there is a separate suffix for "son of"). See Georgian name. --Xuxl (talk) 19:22, 15 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Also see Armenian name#Surnames. Deor (talk) 20:05, 15 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks-- those articles are interesting. 173.228.123.166 (talk) 20:18, 15 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

December 16

ꬹ character

What's the purpose of having a "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE RING"? It appears in the Latin Extended-E character set, which comprises "Latin script characters used in German dialectology (Teuthonista), Sakha and Americanist usage" [i.e. specialised linguistic purposes]. But if I run it through Google, most of the results use it decoratively (e.g. this Turkish sports site) or merely provide a lot of unusual characters, and the few exceptions are pages (example, Unicode specifications for the Warang Citi script) that appear to be false positives. Nyttend (talk) 00:28, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

This [1] is the proposal document that led to the encoding. It lists this character among the "German dialectology" ones and also provides some snippets from earlier print publications that used it. From the example given on p.41 of the document, it seems to be used for some particular variant of syllabic "l" (the word being transcribed seems to be "Stückel" or "Stickel"). Fut.Perf. ☼ 00:43, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

(edit conflict) Teuthonista has a link to the Handbuch zum Zeichensatz SMFTeuthonista by Sibylle Reichel, which describes the function of ꬹ as follows:

" dental/alveolarer Lateral mit engeren seitlichen Öffnungen, die Zunge liegt am Gaumen auf größerer Fläche an. "Hackl"-l " - Lindert (talk) 00:59, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Delin: et sculp

On the bottom right corner of this image on commons is: Wenceslas Hollar • Delin: et sculp: 1666,
What does the (Latin?) bit after the author's name signify? Was the illustration created in 1666? The event depicted occurred in 1666. —107.15.157.44 (talk) 01:18, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

That’s short for delineavit et sculpsit, which means "[he, that is Hollar] drew and engraved [the image]", so it’s simply the artist’s signature. Cheers ✦ _hugarheimur 01:45, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Thx! —107.15.157.44 (talk) 02:10, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

naifve

Google translate isn't able to translate "naifve" in the following (17th century French):

Livre curieux contenant la naifve representation des habits des femmes des diverses parties du monde comme elles s'habillent a present

I suspect it means "new" or maybe "naive" or "native". (?) —107.15.157.44 (talk) 04:00, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

I'd say that it's an earlier form of French naïve, the meaning of which, when referring to artworks, is given here as "qui décrit, qui représente la réalité telle qu'elle est ou en la simplifiant, sans rechercher d'effet". Deor (talk) 04:13, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Okay, thanks. That definition differs somewhat from the common interpretation of "naive"; I noticed that naive and native are considered linguistic doublets -- interesting. "Naive" will have to do for my purposes. Thanks again! —107.15.157.44 (talk) 04:29, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Naïve art. Bus stop (talk) 04:40, 16 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

December 17

Source needed for demonym for people from Edinburgh

I recently tried to update the Edinburgh article with the demonym Edinburger, taken from the page List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities which in turn cites a chart [2] from Google Books. However, other editors have said this is not a sufficient source, and I myself think it might be in original research territory for some editor to generate that chart and then cite it as a source. However, searching on Google for a source results in a number of not-particularly-reliable sources. Does anyone have a good source? (Please ping when replying.) Airbornemihir (talk) 04:20, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Airbornemihir, I'm coming across more usages of Edinburgher than of Edinburger in English-language sources (German is another matter), but finding an actual statement that it's the demonym isn't easy. The Macau Daily Times, of all things, says that "Someone from Edinburgh is called an ‘Edinburgher’". I don't know if you'd consider that a reliable source. --Antiquary (talk) 11:43, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

@Antiquary: Thank you! I think the Macau Daily Times should be an OK source; if I recall the reliable sources policy correctly, any newspaper with some kind of editorial process should qualify, except for egregious cases such as the Daily Mail. I haven't heard anything like that about the Macau Daily Times, so I'll add Edinburgher with that reference - can you please provide me with a link or a citation? Airbornemihir (talk) 12:07, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

It could depend on the age of that newspaper article. If it's too recent, their source could be Wikipedia. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 13:05, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Sorry Airbornemihir, here's the missing link. Bugs, it's a 2018 article, but the List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities can hardly be the writer's source since that gives the word as Edinburger. She's a Scot, so it's doubtless local knowledge. --Antiquary (talk) 14:51, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Closer to home than Macau Airbornemihir, is Simpson, Andy (2013). Why Would Anyone Want to Swing a Cat? and 499 other questions. Constable & Robinson Ltd. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-84901-650-6. which says: "the most popular name is simply 'Edinburgher'" quoting Adrian Room, the author of Dictionary of Place Names in the British Isles. Alansplodge (talk) 17:32, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

@Alansplodge: Thanks for the additional source! Airbornemihir (talk) 18:25, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

The term "burgher" in general is about 450 years old.[3] ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 18:12, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

@Baseball Bugs: Thanks for the due diligence! Airbornemihir (talk) 18:25, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

The Edinburgh article is now updated. Airbornemihir (talk) 18:27, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

How would "Edinburgher" be pronounced? Like a McDonald's "burger"? Or something else? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 19:14, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Yes I think it must be like "burger", although Edinburgh itself is pronounced like Edin-borough or more usually "Edin-bra". Numerous chatroom discussions suggest that many Edinburgh natives dislike "Edinburgher", perhaps because rival Glaswegians rudely refer to them as "Edinbuggers". Alansplodge (talk) 19:36, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

They'd prefer maybe "Edinburglars"? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 19:38, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Or "Edinbourgeoisie"? Deor (talk) 19:44, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Oddly enough, the "bourgeoisie" part derives from the same thing as "burgher". ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 20:16, 17 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Interesting. Airbornemihir (talk) 07:24, 18 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

See Wiktionary:Edinbourgeois. Alansplodge (talk) 13:32, 20 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

@Airbornemihir: Multiple answers, some interesting and some funny, but no one sourced, can be found at https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,5753,-21256,00.html
:) CiaPan (talk) 14:20, 20 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

@CiaPan: I laughed! Airbornemihir (talk) 16:52, 20 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

December 18

Closest language to Sumerian

What is the closest language to Sumerian — Preceding unsigned comment added by J2088 (talk • contribs) 17:55, 18 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

None. As our article on Sumerian language states (with multiple references), it's a language isolate – for all we can tell, whatever relatives it had have vanishedd without leaving a trace. The article also lists a round dozen of modern language families that have tentatively been claimed to be possible relatives, but none of these hypotheses is more than speculation. Fut.Perf. ☼ 20:03, 18 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Well, it does say that it may have formed a Sprachbund with Akkadian. I think it would be fair to say the "closest (known) language" to Sumerian was Akkadian. My general feeling, admittedly as an outsider to academic linguistics, is that there's an over-emphasis on "genetic" relationships between languages (the so-called "tree model", I think). Related is related, whether the relationship is genetic or a result of proximity. --Trovatore (talk) 23:16, 18 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Trovatore -- what you say is factual in its own way, but it's not what linguists usually mean when they say "closest language"... AnonMoos (talk) 02:18, 19 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

December 20

Word for "more than just ambiguous"?

Is there a word that means something is not merely ambiguous (has two meanings) but has multiple possible meanings? Roger (Dodger67) (talk) 19:46, 20 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Polysemous, perhaps, although ambiguous can certainly be used to refer to something with more than two meanings, as our article Ambiguity implies. Deor (talk) 20:36, 20 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

The article doesn't "imply"; it is, uhmmm... unambiguous: Ambiguity is a type of meaning in which several interpretations are plausible. (emphasis added) —107.15.157.44 (talk) 06:02, 21 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks, "polysemous" is a perfect fit for my need. Roger (Dodger67) (talk) 06:30, 21 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

December 21

UK regional accent

Based on his accent, where would UK English speakers say that this guy is from? Thanks. 2601:648:8200:4741:0:0:0:8501 (talk) 05:10, 21 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

That is pretty much your standard Received Pronunciation, or what used to be called 'BBC English' before the BBC decided that it ought to reflect the population it serves by including regional accents. He's probably from somewhere in the south of England, but it's hard to be more specific than that. --Viennese Waltz 08:21, 21 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

I'd say it's almost definitely North London. Listen to way he says 'free' instead of three, 'bofe' instead of both, 'but' (around 0:30) and 'eight' (around 1:25). You can also hear it when he says 'A' and 'five'. -- zzuuzz ^(talk) 08:49, 21 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

At the risk of spoiling the game, zzuzz is right. It's pretty far from RP. He went to Norfolk House Primary School, which is in Muswell Hill, North London. [4] Henry ^Flower 09:54, 21 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Surely you mean Norf London (see Th-fronting). Alansplodge (talk) 13:35, 21 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Tripulación, spanish word, equivalent in english

Does any english word has the same root and approximate meaning as the spanish word 'tripulación' or 'tripulado', that is, crew, manned?

@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 ::At the risk of spoiling the game, zzuzz is right. It's pretty far from RP. He went to Norfolk House Primary School, which is in Muswell Hill, North London. [http://www.gtryfon.demon.co.uk/bcc/Author_information/chesscv.htm] [[User:Henry Flower|Henry]][[User talk:Henry Flower|<sup>Flower</sup>]] 09:54, 21 December 2018 (UTC)
 :::Surely you mean [[:File:Simon Pegg 01.jpg|Norf London]] (see [[Th-fronting]]).  [[User:Alansplodge|Alansplodge]] ([[User talk:Alansplodge|talk]]) 13:35, 21 December 2018 (UTC)
+== Tripulación, spanish word, equivalent in english ==
+Does any english word has the same root and approximate meaning as the spanish word 'tripulación' or 'tripulado', that is, crew, manned?