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'''''Dangerous''''' is the eighth [[Album|studio album]] by American singer [[Michael Jackson]]. It was released by [[Epic Records]] on November 26, 1991. Jackson, [[Bill Bottrell]], [[Teddy Riley]], and [[Bruce Swedien]] co-produced the album. ''Dangerous'' was Jackson's first album since ''[[Forever, Michael]]'' (1975) not produced by longtime collaborator [[Quincy Jones]]. The album incorporates [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Pop music|pop]] and a new genre in vogue at the time, [[new jack swing]]; it also incorporates elements of [[Industrial music|industrial]], [[funk]], [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[gospel music|gospel]], [[Rock music|rock]] and [[Classical music|classical]]. Riley, credited as the creator of new jack swing, partook in the album to introduce Jackson to a younger urban audience. Jackson wrote or co-wrote 12 of the album's 14 songs, discoursing topics like [[racism]], [[poverty]], [[Romance (love)|romance]], self-improvement, and the welfare of children and the world.
'''''Dangerous''''' is the eighth [[Album|studio album]] by American singer [[Michael Jackson]]. It was released by [[Epic Records]] on November 26, 1991. Jackson, [[Bill Bottrell]], [[Teddy Riley]], and [[Bruce Swedien]] co-produced the album. ''Dangerous'' was Jackson's first album since ''[[Forever, Michael]]'' (1975) not produced by longtime collaborator [[Quincy Jones]]. The album incorporates [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Pop music|pop]] and a new genre in vogue at the time, [[new jack swing]]; it also incorporates elements of [[Industrial music|industrial]], [[funk]], [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[gospel music|gospel]], and [[Rock music|rock]]. Riley, credited as the creator of new jack swing, partook in the album to introduce Jackson to a younger urban audience. Jackson wrote or co-wrote 12 of the album's 14 songs, discoursing topics like [[racism]], [[poverty]], [[Romance (love)|romance]], self-improvement, and the welfare of children and the world.


The first single of ''Dangerous'' "[[Black or White]]" was transnationally broadcast with an eleven-minute video on November 14, 1991, and was watched in 27 countries reportedly by a record 500 million viewers. ''Dangerous'' debuted at number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] and stayed atop for four weeks. The album also dominated worldwide charts, debuting at number one in ten other countries. Nine singles premiered between November 1991 and December 1993, including two exclusively released outside the US. The album produced four singles that reached top ten of the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]: "[[Remember the Time]]", "[[In the Closet]]", "[[Will You Be There]]" and the number-one single "[[Black or White]]". ''Dangerous'' was the best-selling album worldwide of 1992.
The first single of ''Dangerous'' "[[Black or White]]" was transnationally broadcast with an eleven-minute video on November 14, 1991, and was watched in 27 countries reportedly by a record 500 million viewers. ''Dangerous'' debuted at number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] and stayed atop for four weeks. The album also dominated worldwide charts, debuting at number one in ten other countries. Nine singles premiered between November 1991 and December 1993, including two exclusively released outside the US. The album produced four singles that reached top ten of the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]: "[[Remember the Time]]", "[[In the Closet]]", "[[Will You Be There]]" and the number-one single "[[Black or White]]". ''Dangerous'' was the best-selling album worldwide of 1992.
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Jackson performed songs from ''Dangerous'' including "[[Jam (song)|Jam]]", "Black or White" and "[[Heal the World]]" at the [[Super Bowl XXVII halftime show]]. He also performed "[[Gone Too Soon]]" and "Heal the World" at [[President-elect]] [[Bill Clinton]]'s [[First inauguration of Bill Clinton|Presidential Gala]]. The [[Dangerous World Tour]] was a success, grossing $100 million (equivalent to $177 million in 2019) and drawing nearly 4 million people in 69 concerts together. All profits from the tour were donated to various charities including Jackson's own [[Heal the World Foundation]]. Jackson sold the film rights for the 1992 [[Bucharest|Bucharest, Romania]] concert for broadcast on [[HBO]] for $21 million, then the highest amount for a concert performer to appear on television.
Jackson performed songs from ''Dangerous'' including "[[Jam (song)|Jam]]", "Black or White" and "[[Heal the World]]" at the [[Super Bowl XXVII halftime show]]. He also performed "[[Gone Too Soon]]" and "Heal the World" at [[President-elect]] [[Bill Clinton]]'s [[First inauguration of Bill Clinton|Presidential Gala]]. The [[Dangerous World Tour]] was a success, grossing $100 million (equivalent to $177 million in 2019) and drawing nearly 4 million people in 69 concerts together. All profits from the tour were donated to various charities including Jackson's own [[Heal the World Foundation]]. Jackson sold the film rights for the 1992 [[Bucharest|Bucharest, Romania]] concert for broadcast on [[HBO]] for $21 million, then the highest amount for a concert performer to appear on television.


''Dangerous'' is one of the [[List of best-selling albums|best-selling albums of all time]] having sold 32 million copies worldwide and is certified [[RIAA certification|8x Platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). It received four [[Grammy Award]] nominations and won [[Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical|Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical]]. For having the best-selling album worldwide of 1992, Jackson was awarded the first and only [[Billboard Music Award|''Billboard'' No. 1 World Album]] award. An influence on contemporary pop and R&B artists, ''Dangerous'' has been praised by critics and publications as one the greatest albums of all time. It has been regarded as Jackson's last 'classic' of his tretalogy of albums: ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979), [[Thriller (album)|''Thriller'']] (1982), [[Bad (album)|''Bad'']] (1987) and ''Dangerous''.
''Dangerous'' is one of the [[List of best-selling albums|best-selling albums of all time]] having sold 32 million copies worldwide and is certified [[RIAA certification|8x Platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). It received four [[Grammy Award]] nominations and won [[Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical|Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical]]. For having the best-selling album worldwide of 1992, Jackson was awarded the first and only [[Billboard Music Award|''Billboard'' No. 1 World Album]] award. ''Dangerous'' has been praised by critics and publications as one the greatest albums of all time.


== Background ==
== Background ==
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== Singles ==
== Singles ==
[[File:Michael Jackson Dangerous World Tour 1993.jpg|thumb|296x296px|Jackson in the opening of a [[Dangerous World Tour]] concert in 1993. Throughout the tour, he wore a military influenced outfit for his performances for "[[Jam (song)|Jam]]".]]
The album's leading track, "[[Black or White]]", was an instant worldwide hit upon its release that November, reaching the top of the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart just three weeks after it was released, staying there for seven weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/michael-jackson|title=Michael Jackson Black Or White Chart History|website=Billboard|access-date=2019-07-10}}</ref> It was the fastest chart topper since [[The Beatles]]' "[[Get Back]]" in 1969 and was also the best-selling single worldwide of 1992.<ref name="halstead, cadman (2003) 99">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yb_ghov9uEMC&dq=%22black+or+white%22+michael+jackson|title=Michael Jackson the Solo Years|last1=Halstead|first1=Craig|last2=Cadman|first2=Chris|publisher=Authors On Line Ltd|year=2003|isbn=0-7552-0091-8|page=99|accessdate=May 23, 2009}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> "Black or White" reached number one in 20 countries, including the US, the UK, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Turkey, Zimbabwe, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the [[Eurochart Hot 100]]. In the UK, the single became the first single by an American to chart at number one since "[[It's Now or Never (song)|It's Now or Never]]" by [[Elvis Presley]] in 1960.<ref name="halstead, cadman (2003) 99"/>
The album's leading track, "[[Black or White]]", was an instant worldwide hit upon its release that November, reaching the top of the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart just three weeks after it was released, staying there for seven weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/michael-jackson|title=Michael Jackson Black Or White Chart History|website=Billboard|access-date=2019-07-10}}</ref> It was the fastest chart topper since [[The Beatles]]' "[[Get Back]]" in 1969 and was also the best-selling single worldwide of 1992.<ref name="halstead, cadman (2003) 99">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yb_ghov9uEMC&dq=%22black+or+white%22+michael+jackson|title=Michael Jackson the Solo Years|last1=Halstead|first1=Craig|last2=Cadman|first2=Chris|publisher=Authors On Line Ltd|year=2003|isbn=0-7552-0091-8|page=99|accessdate=May 23, 2009}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> "Black or White" reached number one in 20 countries, including the US, the UK, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Turkey, Zimbabwe, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the [[Eurochart Hot 100]]. In the UK, the single became the first single by an American to chart at number one since "[[It's Now or Never (song)|It's Now or Never]]" by [[Elvis Presley]] in 1960.<ref name="halstead, cadman (2003) 99"/>


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The album has been noted for introducing Jackson's new "sound", with Michael Roffman of ''[[Consequence of Sound]]'' writing "It took four producers, two studios, one new genre, and 16 months to bring Jackson’s sound into the ’90s, and you can hear that monumental excess in each one of the album’s 14 varied tracks", and describing the album as "Michael Jackson's '90s masterpiece".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2016/11/michael-jacksons-dangerous-won-the-early-90s-through-sheer-spectacle/|title=Michael Jackson's Dangerous Won the Early '90s Through Sheer Spectacle|date=2016-11-26|website=Consequence of Sound|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref>
The album has been noted for introducing Jackson's new "sound", with Michael Roffman of ''[[Consequence of Sound]]'' writing "It took four producers, two studios, one new genre, and 16 months to bring Jackson’s sound into the ’90s, and you can hear that monumental excess in each one of the album’s 14 varied tracks", and describing the album as "Michael Jackson's '90s masterpiece".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2016/11/michael-jacksons-dangerous-won-the-early-90s-through-sheer-spectacle/|title=Michael Jackson's Dangerous Won the Early '90s Through Sheer Spectacle|date=2016-11-26|website=Consequence of Sound|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref>


An influence on contemporary pop and R&B artists, ''Dangerous'' has been praised by critics and publications as one the greatest albums of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/michael-jackson-reinvention-of-pop-2495948728.html|title=Michael Jackson, 'Dangerous', and the Reinvention of Pop|date=2011-09-27|website=PopMatters|language=en|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> It has been regarded as Jackson's last 'classic album' of his tretalogy; ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979), [[Thriller (album)|''Thriller'']] (1982), [[Bad (album)|''Bad'']] (1987) and ''Dangerous''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/22044-dangerous/|title=Michael Jackson: Dangerous|website=Pitchfork|language=en|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> In 2007, the [[Music Business Association|National Association of Recording Merchandisers]] (NARM), in conjunction with the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], ranked ''Dangerous'' number 115 on its list of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time.<ref name="National Association of Recording Merchandisers">{{cite web |url=http://www.timepieces.nl/Top100%27s/2007NARM.html |title=Top 100 of the Definitive 200 |publisher=TimePieces |accessdate=March 20, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210030146/http://timepieces.nl/Top100%27s/2007NARM.html |archivedate=February 10, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> [[Chuck Eddy]] named it one of the essential new jack swing albums in a list published by ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Eddy|first=Chuck|authorlink=Chuck Eddy|date=March 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4YEDEZVVCEC&pg=PA84|page=84|title=Essentials|accessdate=October 16, 2016|magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]}}</ref> Tari Ngangura writing for [[Vice (magazine)|''Vice'']] appraised Jackson and the album, saying "At 33, and at the peak of his career, this would ultimately become one of the greatest, introspective albums of all time."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/jm5kab/michael-jacksons-dangerous-is-25-years-old-but-the-world-it-saw-looks-like-the-present|title=Michael Jackson's 'Dangerous' Saw a World That Looks Like Ours Now|last=Ngangura|first=Tari|date=2016-11-28|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref>
In 2007, the [[Music Business Association|National Association of Recording Merchandisers]] (NARM), in conjunction with the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], ranked ''Dangerous'' number 115 on its list of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time.<ref name="National Association of Recording Merchandisers">{{cite web |url=http://www.timepieces.nl/Top100%27s/2007NARM.html |title=Top 100 of the Definitive 200 |publisher=TimePieces |accessdate=March 20, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210030146/http://timepieces.nl/Top100%27s/2007NARM.html |archivedate=February 10, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> [[Chuck Eddy]] named it one of the essential new jack swing albums in a list published by ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Eddy|first=Chuck|authorlink=Chuck Eddy|date=March 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4YEDEZVVCEC&pg=PA84|page=84|title=Essentials|accessdate=October 16, 2016|magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]}}</ref> Tari Ngangura writing for [[Vice (magazine)|''Vice'']] appraised Jackson and the album, saying "At 33, and at the peak of his career, this would ultimately become one of the greatest, introspective albums of all time."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/jm5kab/michael-jacksons-dangerous-is-25-years-old-but-the-world-it-saw-looks-like-the-present|title=Michael Jackson's 'Dangerous' Saw a World That Looks Like Ours Now|last=Ngangura|first=Tari|date=2016-11-28|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref>


==Accolades==
==Accolades==

Revision as of 11:01, 23 November 2019

Dangerous
Original album artwork by Mark Ryden
Original album artwork by Mark Ryden
Studio album by
Michael Jackson
ReleasedNovember 26, 1991
RecordedJune 1990 – October 1991[1][2]
Studio
Genre
Length77:03
Label
Producer
Michael Jackson chronology
The Original Soul of Michael Jackson
(1987) 		Dangerous
(1991) 		HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I
(1995)
Michael Jackson studio album chronology
Bad
(1987) 		Dangerous
(1991) 		HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I
(1995)
Singles from Dangerous
  1. "Black or White"
    Released: November 11, 1991
  2. "Remember the Time"
    Released: January 14, 1992
  3. "In the Closet"
    Released: April 9, 1992
  4. "Jam"
    Released: July 13, 1992
  5. "Who Is It"
    Released: August 31, 1992
  6. "Heal the World"
    Released: November 23, 1992
  7. "Give In to Me"
    Released: February 15, 1993
  8. "Will You Be There"
    Released: June 28, 1993
  9. "Gone Too Soon"
    Released: December 1, 1993

Dangerous is the eighth studio album by American singer Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on November 26, 1991. Jackson, Bill Bottrell, Teddy Riley, and Bruce Swedien co-produced the album. Dangerous was Jackson's first album since Forever, Michael (1975) not produced by longtime collaborator Quincy Jones. The album incorporates R&B, pop and a new genre in vogue at the time, new jack swing; it also incorporates elements of industrial, funk, hip hop, gospel, and rock. Riley, credited as the creator of new jack swing, partook in the album to introduce Jackson to a younger urban audience. Jackson wrote or co-wrote 12 of the album's 14 songs, discoursing topics like racism, poverty, romance, self-improvement, and the welfare of children and the world.

The first single of Dangerous "Black or White" was transnationally broadcast with an eleven-minute video on November 14, 1991, and was watched in 27 countries reportedly by a record 500 million viewers. Dangerous debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and stayed atop for four weeks. The album also dominated worldwide charts, debuting at number one in ten other countries. Nine singles premiered between November 1991 and December 1993, including two exclusively released outside the US. The album produced four singles that reached top ten of the Billboard Hot 100: "Remember the Time", "In the Closet", "Will You Be There" and the number-one single "Black or White". Dangerous was the best-selling album worldwide of 1992.

Jackson performed songs from Dangerous including "Jam", "Black or White" and "Heal the World" at the Super Bowl XXVII halftime show. He also performed "Gone Too Soon" and "Heal the World" at President-elect Bill Clinton's Presidential Gala. The Dangerous World Tour was a success, grossing $100 million (equivalent to $177 million in 2019) and drawing nearly 4 million people in 69 concerts together. All profits from the tour were donated to various charities including Jackson's own Heal the World Foundation. Jackson sold the film rights for the 1992 Bucharest, Romania concert for broadcast on HBO for $21 million, then the highest amount for a concert performer to appear on television.

Dangerous is one of the best-selling albums of all time having sold 32 million copies worldwide and is certified 8x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It received four Grammy Award nominations and won Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. For having the best-selling album worldwide of 1992, Jackson was awarded the first and only Billboard No. 1 World Album award. Dangerous has been praised by critics and publications as one the greatest albums of all time.

Background

After completing the Bad tour in January 1989, which spanned 123 concerts attended by 4.4 million people, Jackson developed projects for two greatest hits albums, Decade 1979–1989 and Decade 1980–1990. The albums would comprise songs from his studio albums Off the Wall (1979), Thriller (1982), and Bad, plus four new songs.[3] However, after Jackson wrote half an album's worth of material deemed strong enough for release, he and managers at Epic Records decided to produce a full studio album.[3]

In March 1991, days after his sister Janet Jackson signed a $32 million deal with Virgin Records, 32-year-old Jackson secured a $65 million deal with Sony Music. Sony had inherited Jackson following its takeover of Epic Records.[4] The deal granted Jackson an advance of $5 million per album with a 25 percent ownership of royalties based on retail sales.[4] It remains the most lucrative recording contract in music history.[5] This deal also granted him his own label, Nation Records, and full rights to sign artists.[4]

Recording

Jackson in 1988

Dangerous was recorded between June 1990 and October 1991, with an advance of $18 million.[4][5][3][6] It was recorded in seven different recording studios, including Ocean Way, Westlake Recording Studios,[7] Record One, and Larrabee Sound Studios in Los Angeles. The recording took 17 months to finish, one of the longest album recording periods in Jackson's career. For over two years Jackson had exclusive 24-hour access to Record One Studios at an estimated cost of $4,000 per day and secured Larrabee Sound for around nine months at roughly the same price.[3] The high cost of rent was partly due to the privacy Jackson wanted behind the album. He wanted to prevent other artists in adjacent studios from hearing the unfinished music.[8][9] Jackson had video game consoles set up and posters of Peter Pan and other Disney characters on the studio walls.[9]

Epic set a deadline for the album, wanting it released before November 28, 1991, Thanksgiving Day. For the last two months of recording, Jackson and Swedien rented hotel rooms located four minutes from the studio.[3] Some sessions were put on hold due to Jackson's health problems. Complaining of chest pains, he spent weeks in a Los Angeles hospital.[10]

Dangerous was produced by Jackson, Teddy Riley, Bill Bottrell, and Bruce Swedien. It was the first album since 1975's Forever, Michael without Jackson's longtime producer Quincy Jones because Jackson wanted a more "hard-edged" and "streetwise" sound.[7] Riley helped Jackson return to his R&B roots.[11] The main mixing desks used were by Reed and in addition an SSL XL-Desk which Riley preferred over digital units as he believed they gave a warmer sound.[8]

Jackson wanted to create an album similar to the music of The Nutcracker by Tchaikovsky, "so that in a thousand years from now, people would still be listening to it."[12] Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash, who performs on two of the album's songs, said, "It's at once the most sterile and creative process I've been involved in. Everything is pieced together from samples: you use the same drum beat and chords, then later add things to make it different... Michael hires out the studio for like ten years and shows up once a month."[13] Upon receiving a tape of "Give in to Me" without the guitar part except some "slow picking," Slash called Jackson on the phone and sang what he wanted to play.[3]

Bottrell, who had worked on Bad as a musician and engineer, co-wrote "Dangerous", "Give in to Me", and "Black or White". The songs began with Jackson beatboxing and humming melodies, which Bottrel developed with samples and drum machines such as an Akai S1000.[7] Bottrel also produced "Give in to Me", "Black or White", and "Who Is It".[7] When sessions relocated to Westlake, Bottrell, Swedien, and musician Bryan Loren worked at a studio room by themselves. Bottrell operated a Neve console and two 24-track Studer analog tape machines to draft ideas and demos. He then used a 32-track Mitsubishi machine to assemble the album.[7] Swedien recalled recording sessions lasting up to 18 hours. On one occasion, he ordered Jackson not to leave the studio until he sang the vocals for "Keep the Faith" all the way through: "This was scary but he did it. He didn't leave the studio until dawn."[14]

Jackson recorded roughly 60 to 70 songs for Dangerous.[3][9] Omitted tracks include "Lisa, It's Your Birthday", "Monkey Business", "She Got It", "Work That Body", "Man in Black", "Serious Effect" (featuring rapper LL Cool J), and "If You Don't Love Me". Some of these tracks were released later, including the ballad "For All Time" which was released on Thriller 25. "Slave to the Rhythm" was remastered and released for the 2014 compilation album Xscape. Environmental anthem "What About Us" finalized as "Earth Song" for HIStory. "Superfly Sister" and "Blood on the Dance Floor" were both released on the remix compilation Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix. "Joy" was released on Blackstreet's 1994 debut album.[15][16] None of the material developed at Ocean Way Studios were included on the final recording.[7]

Composition and lyrics

"Black or White"
The lead single from Dangerous, the danceable hard rock song "Black or White" was one of Jackson's most successful recordings.[17][18][19] It contains many features of Jackson's vocal style, including the vocal hiccup he is known for.

Dangerous is a new jack swing, R&B and pop album,[20][21][22] which incorporates elements of several other genres, including industrial, funk, hip hop, gospel, and rock.[21][22][7][23][24][25][26][27] New jack swing music is a genre which producer Riley is credited for creating. It was also the first album in which Jackson began rapping. The inclusion of the rap group Wreckx-n-Effect, Jackson's embrace of hip-hop rhythms and new jack swing were designed to give Jackson a new younger urban audience. In other recordings, with Bottrell, Jackson's sounds were more diverse as it had been in other albums with "Black or White" recorded under the pop rock genre while the Slash-featured "Give In to Me" was recorded as a hard rock ballad. The rap in "Black or White" was written and performed by Bottrell, who is credited as a pseudonym "L.T.B".[7]

"Jam" developed from a collection of sound loops that Swedien and René Moore had worked on, including drums and the sound of sleigh bells. Assistant engineer Brad Sundberg recalled: "It kept growing and growing [...] Teddy's industrial hits were added. Horns. Orchestral hits. Vocals. Lots of vocals. More of Teddy's sounds. More of Rene's sounds", to the point where around 128 tracks of sounds were played simultaneously.[28]

The ballads, "Keep the Faith", composed by Jackson and his "Man in the Mirror" collaborators Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard, and the self-composed "Will You Be There" both featured strong elements of gospel music while the other ballads "Heal the World" and "Gone Too Soon" were softer pop ballads.[29] The smooth R&B number, "Remember the Time", featured elements of not only new jack swing but also funk, while "Who Is It" and "Jam" had stronger funk elements.[30]

The lyrics for the songs' subject matter were more varied than in Jackson's previous records. Though he often talked of the subject of racial harmony in some of his songs with his brothers, The Jacksons, Dangerous was the first of these albums in which he talked openly of racism, which was the main topic with the hit song, "Black or White".[31] Other social commentary topics that Jackson had never touched as a solo artist including poverty and inner-city life were discussed in the song "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", in which he compared social ills to his own alleged publicized eccentricities that were covered in the press at the time asking critics and tabloid media why were they focusing on him when other more social problems were going on.[32] He addressed similar issues in the album's opening track, "Jam", which included rapping from Heavy D.[33]

"In the Closet" had originally been set as a duet between Jackson and Madonna though this recording never happened and focused on two lovers carrying on a discreet affair without being open about the affair.[34] The album also included songs of other personal nature especially in songs such as "She Drives Me Wild", "Remember the Time", "Can't Let Her Get Away", "Who Is It" and "Give In to Me". The social commentary "Heal the World" was in the middle of the number of personal songs. "Gone Too Soon", written by Larry Grossman and Buz Kohan, was written and recorded for Ryan White following White's death from AIDS in 1990. The title track's lyrics were compared to that of "Dirty Diana" with the song focusing on a seductress.[33]

Release

Being Jackson's first album in four years, plus his lucrative recording deal with Sony, David Browne of Entertainment Weekly wrote: "There is more riding on the success of Dangerous than on any other album in pop history".[9] Five days before the album's release, three men armed with guns robbed 30,000 copies of the album from a Los Angeles warehouse.[35]

Dangerous was released on November 26, 1991. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 326,500 copies,[36] staying there for four weeks. It spent a total of 119 weeks on the chart.[37] By January 1992, the album was certified quadruple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 4 million in the United States.[38] In August 2018, it had increased to 8x Platinum.[38][39]

Globally, Dangerous dominated worldwide charts debuting at number one in the United Kingdom while also reaching number one in seven other territories including Australia, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. It was also a huge success in Asian countries.[40]

Dangerous was the best-selling album worldwide of 1992 having sold 15 million copies.[41] It has sold 32 million copies worldwide making it one of the best-selling albums of all time.[5][42][43]

Promotion

Similar to how Jackson's label had approached the Bad album, expectations again were raised high for the Dangerous album.[44] In September 1991, Jackson netted a deal to have his videos air on FOX alongside regular music-video channels, MTV, BET and VH1.[45]

The eleven-minute "Black or White" video debuted on November 14, 1991, and was seen in 27 countries and reportedly watched by a record 500 million viewers, said to be the most to ever watch a music video.[46] The airing and later controversy of the video helped the sales of Dangerous, as did the broadcasting of two other Jackson videos for "Remember the Time" and "In the Closet".[47] Jackson's first HBO concert special, Michael Jackson: Live in Bucharest, also helped in the sales of Dangerous after it aired in October 1992, reviving sales of the album.[48][49]

After several weeks of tapering off again, Jackson made personal appearances in early 1993 including the American Music Awards and Grammy Awards, the latter in which he accepted the Grammy Legend Award from his sister Janet, a widely discussed interview with Oprah Winfrey, his half-time performance at the Super Bowl XXVII which started the NFL's trend of signing top acts to appear during the Super Bowl to attract more viewers and interest, helping to return the album to the top ten.[50][31][51]

The Dangerous World Tour was a success, grossing $100 million (equivalent to $177 million in 2019)[52] and drawing nearly 4 million people in 72 concerts together.[53] All profits from the tour were donated to various charities including Jackson's own Heal the World Foundation. The October 1, 1992 concert in Bucharest, Romania was filmed for broadcast on HBO on October 10, 1992. Jackson sold the film rights for the concert for $20 million, then the highest amount for a concert performer to appear on television[54]

Singles

The album's leading track, "Black or White", was an instant worldwide hit upon its release that November, reaching the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart just three weeks after it was released, staying there for seven weeks.[55] It was the fastest chart topper since The Beatles' "Get Back" in 1969 and was also the best-selling single worldwide of 1992.[56][57] "Black or White" reached number one in 20 countries, including the US, the UK, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Turkey, Zimbabwe, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the Eurochart Hot 100. In the UK, the single became the first single by an American to chart at number one since "It's Now or Never" by Elvis Presley in 1960.[56]

"Remember the Time" peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and number one on the R&B Singles Chart. It reached number one in New Zealand charts for two consecutive weeks.[58] In the United Kingdom, the song charted at number three, where it peaked.[59] It peaked at number four in the Netherlands and Switzerland.[60] The song also charted within the top ten on the French, Australian, Swedish, Italian, and Norwegian charts; peaking at number five, six, eight and ten.[60] It charted in the top 20, peaking at number 16, in Austria.[60] It was generally well received by contemporary music critics and regarded as one of the highlight songs on Dangerous.[61]

"In the Closet" was originally suppose to be a duet between Jackson and Madonna but Jackson found her lyrics too provocative so they decided not to continue with the project.[62] The song peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100, also reached number one on the R&B Singles Chart, becoming the album's third consecutive top 10 hit.[63] In the United Kingdom, the song charted at number eight, where it peaked.[64] The song's female vocal was originally labeled "Mystery Girl" but was later revealed to be Princess Stéphanie of Monaco.[65]

"Jam" features a rap verse performed by Heavy D, though no credit to him appears on the album.[66] The music video of the song features NBA icon Michael Jordan.[66] The song was also featured on the Chicago Bulls'—Jordan's team at that time—1992 NBA Championship video "Untouchabulls" and was also used in many promotional ads of the NBA in the said season.[67] Despite this heavy promotion, the single only reached number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100.[68] In the UK, the single reached the top twenty, where lt peaked at number 13.[69]

"Heal the World" peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Hot 100.[70] The song reached number two in the UK Singles Chart in December 1992, kept off the number one position by Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You".[71] In a 2001 Internet chat with fans, Jackson said that "Heal the World" is the song he was most proud to have created.[70]

"Who Is It" peaked at number 14 on the United States' Billboard Hot 100, while peaking at number six on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, as well as topping the Hot Dance Club Play.[72] The song peaked on the United Kingdom music chart at number 10. It remained within the top 100 positions for seven consecutive weeks from July to September 1992.[73] In France, the track peaked at number eight on August 29.[72] "Who Is It" reached its lowest peak position at number 34 in Australia.[74]

"Will You Be There" includes a prelude featuring the Cleveland Orchestra and the Cleveland Orchestra Chorus performing a portion of Beethoven's ninth symphony.[75] It was the last top 10 single on the Billboard Hot 100 from the album, peaking at number seven.[70] The song peaked at number two in New Zealand and reaching the top ten in Belgium, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.[76][77] It was the theme song of the film Free Willy. Its appearance in the film also helped sales for Dangerous.[78]

The overseas-only single, "Give In to Me", reached the top five in the UK,[79] Netherlands, Australia and hitting the top of the charts in New Zealand; while "Gone Too Soon", another overseas single, was more moderately received, charting within the top forty in the UK.[80] Jackson performed the song at President-elect Bill Clinton's inauguration celebration, An American Reunion: The 52nd Presidential Inaugural Gala.[81]

The singles of Dangerous were more successful overseas than in the United States. In the UK alone, seven singles reached the top ten. This set a record for any studio album in the UK until Calvin Harris surpassed it in 2013.[82]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[83]
Blender[26]
Chicago Tribune[84]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[85]
Entertainment WeeklyB−[21]
Los Angeles Times[86]
Pitchfork8.6/10[87]
Q[88]
Rolling Stone[23]
The Village VoiceA−[89]

In a contemporary review for Rolling Stone, Alan Light wrote that Jackson was "a man, no longer a man-child, confronting his well-publicized demons and achieving transcendence through performance", on an album that rose to "the impossible challenge set by 'Thriller'" during moments when Riley's production dance rhythms "prove a perfect match for Jackson's clipped, breathy uptempo voice".[23]

Robert Christgau of The Village Voice deemed it Jackson's "most consistent album since Off the Wall, a step up from Bad even if its hook craft is invariably secondary and its vocal mannerisms occasionally annoying. "While he felt Jackson was too insistent with the "faith-hope-and-charity" message songs, Christgau applauded the production's "abrasively unpredictable" rhythms and the "sex-and-romance" songs, calling them the most plausible of Jackson's career.[89]

Jon Pareles was less receptive in The New York Times, calling it Jackson's "least confident" solo album yet. He believed Jackson sounded anxious and out of place with Riley's electronic beats while panning the "dogmatically ordinary" lyrics of the love songs, writing that "they seem based on demographic research rather than experience or imagination."[90] Los Angeles Times critic Chris Willman found the record "relatively tame" and "wildly unfocused", being particularly critical of the songs not produced by Riley such as the "embarrassingly oversentimental" "Heal the World"; of the overtly "black" first half of songs, Willman found the music innovative although lacking in substantial themes.[86]

Dangerous received four Grammy Award nominations including three for Jackson including Best Pop Vocal Performance for 'Black or White', as well as Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song for 'Jam', while Teddy Riley and Bruce Swedien won Best Engineered Album, Non Classical.[91][92] In 1992, Phil Collins awarded Jackson the Billboard Music Award for No. 1 World Album for Dangerous and No. 1 World Single for "Black or White".[57] Dangerous won Favorite Pop/Rock Album at the 1993 American Music Awards[93] and Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year - Male at the 1993 Soul Train Music Awards[94] "Black or White" won Outstanding Music Video at the 1993 NAACP Image Awards.[95] At the 1994 MTV Movie Awards, "Will You Be There", which was the main theme in the 1993 film Free Willy, won Best Song From a Movie.[96]

Legacy

Jackson during a performance of "Will You Be There" at the Dangerous World Tour in 1992

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine believed Dangerous was "a much sharper, riskier album" than Bad.[83] Critic Joseph Vogel wrote that it fulfilled Jackson's creative ambitions and was his most socially conscious record, "his most personally revealing", and "a dazzling musical odyssey", likening it to Stevie Wonder's Songs in the Key of Life as "the work of an artist engaging with the world around him-and inside him-as never before".[97]

For the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Janet Macoska described Dangerous as "a sleek, contemporary-sounding update of Jackson's music and featured the ambitious, heartfelt anthems "Heal The World" and "Will You Be There."[98]

Writing for PopMatters, Vogel argued that Dangerous was more groundbreaking than any other pop record of the time:[22]

If indeed it is considered a pop album, Dangerous redefined the parameters of pop. How else to explain an album that mixes R&B, funk, gospel, hip-hop, rock, industrial, and classical; an album that introduces one song "Will You Be There" with Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and another "Dangerous" with what sounds like the heart of a steel-city factory; an album that can alternately be paranoid, cryptic, sensual, vulnerable, idealistic, bleak, transcendent, and fearful?

Reflecting on the album for The Guardian, Ben Beaumont-Thomas regarded Dangerous as "Michael Jackson's true career high" and "the very peak of his powers, with his widest ever emotional range set to production that makes new jack swing seem much more than just lame dance moves and fluorescent man-made fibers."[99]

The album has been noted for introducing Jackson's new "sound", with Michael Roffman of Consequence of Sound writing "It took four producers, two studios, one new genre, and 16 months to bring Jackson’s sound into the ’90s, and you can hear that monumental excess in each one of the album’s 14 varied tracks", and describing the album as "Michael Jackson's '90s masterpiece".[100]

In 2007, the National Association of Recording Merchandisers (NARM), in conjunction with the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, ranked Dangerous number 115 on its list of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time.[101] Chuck Eddy named it one of the essential new jack swing albums in a list published by Spin.[102] Tari Ngangura writing for Vice appraised Jackson and the album, saying "At 33, and at the peak of his career, this would ultimately become one of the greatest, introspective albums of all time."[103]

Accolades

Organization Country Accolade Year Source
Grammy Awards United States Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical 1993 [104]
American Music Awards United States Favorite Pop/Rock Album 1993 [93]
Billboard Music Awards United States No. 1 World Album 1992 [57]
Soul Train Music Awards United States Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year - Male 1993 [94]
National Association of Recording Merchandisers (NARM) United States Definitive 200 Albums of All Time (Ranked #115) 2007 [101]

Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Jam" (featuring Heavy D)
  • Jackson
  • Riley
  • Swedien
5:39
2."Why You Wanna Trip on Me"
  • Jackson
  • Riley
5:24
3."In the Closet" (featuring Princess Stéphanie of Monaco)
  • Jackson
  • Riley
  • Jackson
  • Riley
6:32
4."She Drives Me Wild" (featuring Wreckx-n-Effect)
  • Jackson
  • Riley
  • Jackson
  • Riley
3:42
5."Remember the Time"
  • Jackson
  • Riley
  • Belle
  • Jackson
  • Riley
4:01
6."Can't Let Her Get Away"
  • Jackson
  • Riley
  • Jackson
  • Riley
4:59
7."Heal the World"
  • Jackson
  • Jackson
  • Swedien[a]
6:25
8."Black or White" (featuring L.T.B.)
  • Jackson
  • Bottrell
4:16
9."Who Is It"Jackson
  • Jackson
  • Bottrell
6:35
10."Give In to Me" (featuring Slash)
  • Jackson
  • Bottrell
  • Jackson
  • Bottrell
5:30
11."Will You Be There" (theme from Free Willy)
  • Jackson
  • Jackson
  • Swedien[a]
7:41
12."Keep the Faith"
  • Jackson
  • Swedien[a]
5:57
13."Gone Too Soon"
  • Jackson
  • Swedien[a]
3:22
14."Dangerous"
  • Jackson
  • Bottrell
  • Riley
  • Jackson
  • Riley
6:57

Notes

  • ^[a] signifies a co-producer

Personnel

Personnel as listed in the album's liner notes.[105]

  • John Bahler – vocal and choir arrangements (track 7)
  • The John Bahler Singers – choir (track 7)
  • Glen Ballard – arrangement (track 12)
  • John Barnes – keyboards (track 8)
  • Michael Boddicker – synthesizer (tracks 1, 7, 11-13), sequencer (8), keyboards (9), programming (9)
  • Bill Bottrell – producer (tracks 8-10), recording engineer (8-10), audio mixer (8-10), percussion (8), guitar (8, 10), rap (8), Father speaking part (8 intro), drums (9-10), synthesizer (9), bass guitar (10), mellotron (10)
  • Craig Brock – guitar recording engineer assistant (track 10)
  • Brad Buxer – keyboards (tracks 1, 7-9, 11), synthesizer (1, 14), percussion (8), programming (9)
  • Larry Corbett – cello (track 9)
  • Andraé Crouch – choir arrangement (tracks 11-12)
  • Sandra Crouch – choir arrangement (tracks 11-12)
  • The Andraé Crouch Singers – choir (tracks 11-12)
  • Heavy D – rap (track 1)
  • George Del Barrio – string arrangement (track 9)
  • Matt Forger – recording engineer (track 7), audio mixer (7), engineering and sound design (8 intro)
  • Kevin Gilbert – speed sequencer (track 8)
  • Endre Granat – concertmaster (track 9)
  • Linda Harmon – soprano voice (track 9)
  • Jerry Hey – arrangement (track 12)
  • Jean-Marie Horvat – recording engineer (track 14)
  • Michael Jackson – producer (all tracks), lead vocals (all tracks), background vocals (1-12, 14), arrangement (1, 9), vocal arrangement (1, 3-7, 11, 14), rhythm arrangement (7, 11), director (8 intro), soprano voice (9)
  • Paul Jackson Jr. – guitar (track 2)
  • Terry Jackson – bass guitar (track 8)
  • Louis Johnson – bass guitar (track 9)
  • Abraham Laboriel – bass guitar (track 13)
  • Christa Larson – ending solo vocal (track 7)
  • Rhett Lawrence – synthesizer (tracks 1, 11-12, 14), synthesizer programming (11), arrangement (12), drums (12), percussion (12)
  • Bryan Loren – drums (track 8-9), synthesizer (8)
  • Johnny Mandel – orchestral arrangement and conductor (track 11)
  • Jasun Martz – keyboards (track 8)
  • Andres McKenzie – Son speaking part (track 8 intro)
  • Jim Mitchell – guitar recording engineer (track 10)
  • René Moore – arrangement (track 1), keyboards (1)
  • David Paich – keyboards (tracks 7, 9, 13), synthesizer (7, 13), keyboard arrangement (9), programming (9), rhythm arrangement (13)
  • Marty Paich – orchestral arrangement and conductor (tracks 7, 13)
  • Greg Phillinganes – keyboards (track 11)
  • Tim Pierce – heavy metal guitar (track 8)
  • Jeff Porcaro – drums (track 7)
  • Steve Porcaro – synthesizer (tracks 7, 13), keyboards (9), programming (9)
  • Teddy Riley – producer (tracks 1-6, 14), recording engineer (1-6, 14), audio mixer (1-6, 14), arrangement (1), keyboards (1-6), synthesizer (1-6, 14), drums (1), guitar (1-2), rhythm arrangement (2-6, 14), synthesizer arrangement (3-6, 14)
  • Thom Russo – recording engineer (track 14)
  • Slash – special guitar performance (track 8 intro, track 10)
  • Bruce Swedien – producer (tracks 1), co-producer (tracks 7, 11-13), recording engineer (1-7, 11-14) audio mixer (1-7, 11-14), arrangement (1), keyboards (1), drums (1, 11-12), percussion (11-12)
  • Jai Winding – keyboards (track 9), programming (9), piano (12), bass guitar (12)
  • Mystery Girl (Princess Stéphanie of Monaco) – vocals (track 3)

Charts

Singles

Year Single Peak
positions
US US R&B US Dance CAN UK AUS AUT BEL FRA GER IRL ITA NL NOR NZ PL SPN SWI
1991 "Black or White" 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
1992 "Remember the Time" 3 1 2 2 3 6 16 2 5 8 3 8 3 10 1 2 2 4
"In the Closet" 6 1 1 16 8 5 23 14 9 15 4 2 9 10 5 7 2 25
"Jam" 26 3 4 29 12 11 28 10 8 18 5 11 12 ― 2 ― 1 22
"Who Is It" 14 6 1 6 10 34 5 5 8 9 6 18 13 10 6 3 9 14
"Heal the World" 27 62 ― 21 2 20 4 3 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 5
1993 "Give In to Me"* ― ― ― ― 2 4 12 13 7 10 2 ― 3 7 1 1 6 7
"Will You Be There" 7 53 ― 3 8 42 10 3 29 12 6 ― 3 ― 2 4 ― 3
"Gone Too Soon"* ― ― ― ― 33 76 ― 21 32 45 8 ― 20 ― 6 10 ― 33
"*" denotes songs that were not given a North American release

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[125] 10× Platinum 700,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[126] 4× Platinum 200,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[128] Gold 350,000[127]
Canada (Music Canada)[129] 6× Platinum 600,000^
Chile (IFPI)[130] 5× Platinum 125,000 
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[131] Platinum 61,896[131]
France (SNEP)[132] Diamond 1,000,000*
Germany (BVMI)[133] 4× Platinum 2,000,000^
Indonesia — 500,000[134]
Italy — 650,000[135]
Japan (RIAJ)[136] 2× Platinum 0^
Malaysia (RIM)[137] 7× Platinum 175,000 
Mexico (AMPROFON)[138] 2× Platinum+Gold 600,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[139] 3× Platinum 300,000^
Portugal (AFP)[140] 2× Platinum 80,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[141] 6× Platinum 600,000^
Sweden (GLF)[142] 3× Platinum 300,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[143] 5× Platinum 250,000^
Thailand — 300,000[144]
United Kingdom (BPI)[146] 6× Platinum 2,010,069[145]
United States (RIAA)[147] 8× Platinum 8,000,000^
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[148] 5× Platinum 5,000,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

References

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