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2023 Brazilian Congress attack

Coordinates: 15°48′03″S 47°51′41″W / 15.80083°S 47.86139°W / -15.80083; -47.86139
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2023 Brazilian Congress attack
Part of the 2022–2023 Brazilian election protests
The invasion of the National Congress
Date8 January 2023
Location
Three Powers Plaza, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil

15°48′03″S 47°51′41″W / 15.80083°S 47.86139°W / -15.80083; -47.86139
Caused byFalse allegations of electoral fraud in the 2022 Brazilian general election promoted by former President Jair Bolsonaro and his allies[1]
Goals
Methods
Resulted in
  • Severe damage to the federal buildings, many art pieces stolen, damaged or vandalised.
  • Rioting suppressed, all three targeted buildings cleared
  • Arrest and detainment en masse of rioters by federal and state law enforcement authorities
  • Declaration by Lula of federal takeover of the Federal District for the remainder of January 2023
  • Suspension of Ibaneis Rocha as the governor of the Federal District for 90 days, by order of the Supreme Federal Court
Number
Unknown
Casualties
Injuries80+[5][6]
Arrested1,400+[7]
Damage$14,9 Million BRL

On 8 January 2023, following the defeat of then-president Jair Bolsonaro in the 2022 Brazilian general election, a mob of his supporters attacked Brazil's federal government buildings in the capital, Brasília. The mob invaded and vandalized the Supreme Federal Court, the National Congress building and the Planalto Presidential Palace in the Three Powers Plaza, seeking to violently overthrow the democratically elected president of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula), who had been inaugurated on 1 January. Many rioters said their purpose was to spur military leaders to launch a coup d'état and disrupt the democratic transition of power. Neither Lula nor Bolsonaro were in Brasília at the time of the attack.[8][9][10][11]

The attack occurred a week after Lula's inauguration and followed several weeks of unrest from Bolsonaro's supporters. It took more than five hours for the Brazilian security forces to clear all three buildings of the rioters, which happened at 21:00 BRT (UTC−03:00).[1][12] The storming of the government buildings drew swift condemnation from governments around the world.[13][14]

In response to the attack, at 18:00 BRT, Lula announced that he had signed a decree authorising a federal state of emergency in the Federal District through the end of January 2023.[15] The Congress was not in session at the time of the attacks,[16] but it swiftly ratified the declaration by 10 January.[17]

Background

Main article: 2022–2023 Brazilian election protests
See also: Third inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

During Bolsonaro's tenure as president of Brazil, his allies and supporters floated the idea of an assault like the United States Capitol attack of 6 January 2021 in the event Bolsonaro lost his re-election bid.[18] Bolsonaro supporters alleged that the 2022 Brazilian general election suffered from widespread electoral fraud that caused Bolsonaro's loss. They claimed electronic voting machine malfunctions and deemed some voting patterns suspicious, and mistrusted election officials. The military helped oversee the election and found no signs of fraud.[19] Supporters of Bolsonaro used social media to spread misinformation about supposed electoral fraud, further motivating the protesters.[20]

Some military reservists voiced support for a truckers' strike before the second round of elections, including Colonel Marcos Koury, who, on 16 October 2022, published a video encouraging a truckers' general strike before the second round.[21] Koury's video about the shutdowns was shared in several Bolsonarist groups on Telegram and, days later, members of these same groups started defending roadblocks after the elections.[21] Calls for strikes were also made on YouTube.[21]

Trucker protests lost strength on 3 November 2022,[22][23][24] and Bolsonaro supporters began to gather in the vicinity of Brazilian Armed Forces facilities. Demonstrations took place at military installations in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Florianópolis, Recife, Salvador, and other cities and regions.[25] Some Bolsonaro supporters called for a military coup.[25]

Protest camp in front of the Brazilian Army's barracks in Ilhéus, Bahia.

The electoral victory of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) was officially ratified by the Superior Electoral Court on 12 December 2022.[26][27] Militant far-right Bolsonaro supporters stormed the Federal Police headquarters in Brasília and torched vehicles on the street after one of the protesters was arrested for inciting violence to prevent Lula's swearing-in. The police used stun grenades and tear gas to disperse them.[28][29] A bombing attempt near Brasília International Airport was prevented by the police on 23 December; the suspect was arrested a day later. According to his testimony, he was motivated by Bolsonaro casting doubts on the integrity of the election process in the past.[30][31] Other attacks were carried out by Bolsonaro supporters during the beginning of Lula's government.[citation needed]

On 2 January 2023, former Bolsonaro minister Anderson Torres was appointed as chief security official of the Federal District. Torres left Brazil on the night of 6 January for Orlando, Florida, United States, arriving there on 7 January, just hours before the attacks and one week after Bolsonaro had arrived in Orlando.[32][33]

Planning and financing

Reports of a planned attack were already circulating in the first week of 2023, with audio leaked from several WhatsApp and Telegram groups. The material obtained exposed the intention to provoke violent actions by the crowd, and circumvent police action.[34][35][36] Several groups and communities from throughout the country arranged for transport by bus to Brasília to participate in the demonstrations.[37] Social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram did not moderate misleading claims about the election, meaning that people who used these sites to find information about the election were presented with these misleading claims.[38] The attack was also referred to before the fact as "Selma’s Party", a code phrase used on social media to discuss plans without arousing suspicion. Variants on the phrase were used to discuss planned riots in other cities.[39]

Members of the federal cabinet were aware of the rioters' plans, but were assured by Governor of the Federal District Ibaneis Rocha that the situation was under control. The district government on 6 January planned to prevent them from reaching the National Congress, and also closed access to its esplanade. Rocha however changed the agreed-upon plans shortly before the protest and opened the esplanade to protesters. As a result the security contingent which was present when the invasion began, became easily overwhelmed. The plan had called for the deployment of more than 1,300 officers from the Civil Police of the Federal District and about 200 officers of the National Public Security Force. The actual number however was only in the few dozens, which Rocha blamed on the public security secretary of Brasília Anderson Torres.[40][41] O Estado de S. Paulo reported that the Planalto Military Command had rejected the need for reinforcements at the presidential palace.[42]

Anonymous government officials told The Washington Post that the buses that transport Bolsonaro supporters to Brasília had been paid for by donors from ten states, including some involved in the agribusiness sector. Minister of Justice Flávio Dino stated that up to that point it had not been possible to "clearly distinguish" those responsible for financing the buses. He added: "What you can definitely say is that there was funding."[40][43][44] Dino later stated that the donors particularly belonged to the agribusiness sector and engaged in illegal activities.[45]

Events

External videos
News reports covering the timeline of the invasion
YouTube logo
via YouTube
video icon Brazil: how exactly the storming of government buildings unfolded (9 January 2023), by The Guardian
video icon 24 hours of terror: summary of the insurrectionist attack in Brasília (9 January 2023), by Metrópoles (in Portuguese)

Protesters had been gathering in front of Army facilities in several Brazilian cities ever since Bolsonaro lost the presidential election to Lula in October. In Brasília, a group had camped in front of the Army Headquarters [pt], demanding that the Army carry out a military coup. In January, Lula's government attempted to remove these protesters. When this failed, it ordered reinforced security. That week the minister of justice also reiterated that the camps would be dismantled. On the morning of 7 January, more than 100 buses arrived in Brasília from all parts of Brazil, bringing in Bolsonaro supporters. They joined the 200 protesters camped in front of the Army Headquarters, raising the total number of people there to over 4,000.[46]

On the afternoon of 8 January, the demonstrators marched from the Army Headquarters,[47][48] broke through the Military Police and Special Operations Battalion [pt] (BOPE) barriers near the legislature building at 14:42 BRT (UTC−03:00)[49][50] and, armed mainly with sticks and stones, confronted the military and riot police, who, while outnumbered, fired tear gas and used pepper spray on them.[47] Despite this, some members of the military police were caught being lenient with the attackers.[51] The demonstrators then attempted to enter the Palácio do Planalto, the seat of executive power, and the Supreme Federal Court.[47] The federal government estimated that around 5,000 people had taken part.[41]

Moment when rioters break down police barriers and invade the Three Powers Plaza

Senator Veneziano do Rêgo confirmed to CNN Brazil that protesters had managed to invade the Congress building. According to him, they reached the upper floor, where the domes of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies are located, and the Green Hall of the Chamber of Deputies.[52] Protesters attempted to extend a green and yellow banner over the building.[52] Some protestors among the mob were also seen with the flag of the Empire of Brazil.[53] Many rioters were also seen praying and crying during the attack, while some were picking up stones from the ground using pickaxes to throw at the police.[54]

Inside of the Congress building, protesters clashed with the Legislative [pt] and Federal Senate [pt] Polices, videos show the - heavily outnumbered - officers engaging in physical combat with protesters, attempting to hold them off, although the barrier is later broken, as rioters manage to take over and vandalize most of the upper part of the building.[55] The protesters later climbed the ramp of the Congress building and reached the Supreme Federal Court building and the Palácio do Planalto, where they, in an attempt to enter the buildings, committed acts of vandalism and looting, as well as violence against the police, a situation of chaos and widespread destruction was created, videos showed protesters chanting "Break everything!", "You have to break everything!".[56] After several confrontations, the protesters managed to enter both buildings, where more vandalism and fighting ensued.[57] During the invasion, protesters reportedly set fire to the lawn in front of the National Congress; In the Supreme Federal Court building, police arrested 8 protesters that attempted to enter the offices inside the building, some rioters were using gas masks, gloves and protective equipment, protesters extended a Brazilian flag in the windows of the building in an attempt to protect against rubber bullets and stun grenades used by police.[49]

Soldiers from the Brazilian Army responded. Two helicopters tried to disperse the crowd.[58] A National Force vehicle was reportedly set on fire and pushed into the reflecting pool of the monument during the confrontations.[59] Several journalists were attacked during the protests. Folha de São Paulo photographer Pedro Ladeira was attacked and robbed by some of the rioters.[60] A journalist for Metrópoles was also attacked during the storming.[61] Journalists and photographers from BandNews, O Tempo, AFP and Reuters were also attacked. Some were pushed to the ground and had their equipment stolen or damaged.[62] At least 10 journalists and photographers from different news outlets were attacked during the riot.[63]

Protesters invade the National Congress of Brazil

The governor of the Federal District, Ibaneis Rocha, assured that he was "taking all measures to contain the anti-democratic riot in the Esplanada dos Ministérios"; in addition, he dismissed the secretary of security of the Federal District, Anderson Torres.[64][65][66] Likewise, the solicitor general's office reported that it had filed a request for Torres's arrest.[66] At 18:00 BRT, Lula announced that he had signed a decree authorising a federal public security intervention in Brasília, to continue until 31 January.[15]

Lula invoked Article 34, Subheading III of the Federal Constitution, which empowers the government to put an end to a serious impairment of public order.[67] It was the third application of Article 34 of the 1988 Federal Constitution, which has previously been applied in Rio de Janeiro and Roraima during the Temer Government.[68] Ricardo Garcia Cappelli, executive secretary of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, was appointed as intervenor.[69][70] The intervention relieved the Federal District governor, Ibaneis Rocha, of the authority to oversee security in the district,[71] and will last until 31 January.[72]

Hours after the security breach, the Military Police of the Federal District [pt] (PMDF) reported it had begun to clear rioters out of the buildings.[73] By 19:00 BRT, over 150 people had been arrested by the security forces, at least 30 of them in flagrante delicto in the Federal Senate.[74][75] Among those arrested, some were carrying fireworks, knives, slingshots with marbles, pocket knives, and even bombs, grenades, material for making molotov cocktails and blowtorches.[76]

Rioters destroy the furniture of the Palácio do Planalto

The minister of justice, Flávio Dino, later announced in a press conference that approximately 200 people were arrested in flagrante delicto, and that new arrests were still being made; according to Dino, several buses to Brasília, and their financiers, had been investigated and identified.[77] Federal District governor, Ibaneis Rocha, in a publication on a social network, stated that more than 400 people had been arrested.[78]

Security forces managed to retake the National Congress by evening, after mounted police arrived using batons to disperse protesters.[79] By 17:00 BRT, security forces had regained control of the Supreme Court building, though some rioters remained encamped in its parking garage.[80] The Brazilian Army arrived in military trucks in the late afternoon and ambushed the intruders in the presidential palace through the back door. The rioters had left the building by 18:30 BRT, with some being escorted out by the police.[1][81] Justice Minister Flávio Dino announced by 21:00 BRT that all three buildings had been cleared.[1]

At the time of the riots, neither Lula nor Bolsonaro were in Brasília: Lula was in Araraquara, city in the interior of São Paulo, with the mayor Edinho Silva and ministers Luiz Marinho, Jader Filho and Waldez Goés, surveying the city after heavy rains in the municipality;[82] Bolsonaro was in Orlando, Florida, in the United States, where he had been since the last days of 2022, even before the end of his term.[83][84]

Aftermath

Damage and theft

See also: Artworks damaged, destroyed or stolen during the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack
Aftermath of the invasion of the National Congress
Painting and furniture damaged in the National Congress

A number of important spaces in the three stormed buildings were extensively vandalized and looted, including the Noble Hall and Plenary of the Federal Supreme Court, the Green, Blue and Black Halls and the lobby of the Congress, as well as the Noble Hall and the First Lady's office at the Planalto Palace. Many other spaces, such as corridors, windows, rooms and offices, were also vandalised, damaging a large amount of furniture, equipment and other objects.[85][86][87] Several spaces were completely destroyed.[88] According to an official, the invaders destroyed fire hydrants, in an attempt to prevent the fight against fires that existed at various points of the invasion.[89]

In addition to structural damage, several works of art, mainly paintings, vases and historical objects (such as chairs, clocks, carpets and tables) were damaged, stolen or destroyed during the attack[90][91][92] In the Planalto, the desk used by former president Juscelino Kubitschek was reported destroyed after it was used in a barricade, and As Mulatas [pt], a painting by modernist Emiliano Di Cavalcanti, was stabbed repeatedly.[93] "A Justiça", a statue by Alfredo Ceschiatti, was sprayed with graffiti,[94] "Araguaia", a stained glass window by Marianne Peretti, was damaged,[89] "A Bailarina", sculpture by Victor Brecheret, was taken by a protester, but later found damaged on the ground,[95] and an clock made by made by Balthazar Martinot, which was given by the French court to John VI of Portugal, was thrown to the ground by a protester, who was later arrested by police.[96]

A soccer ball signed by Neymar was stolen by a protester, but it was later recovered by the Federal Police.[97] A golden shell with a pearl, which was a gift by Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister of Qatar, Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al-Thani, was taken by rioters, while a decoration in the shape of an ostrich egg, a gift by Ahmed Ibrahim El-Tahir, the President of the Sudanese National Assembly, was destroyed; two vases, given by Lászlo Kövér, President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Hungary, and Wang Zhaoguo, Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, to Marco Maia, President of the Chamber of Deputies, were also destroyed during the invasion.[98] A bust of Ruy Barbosa, as well as a carpet that was owned by Princess Isabel (and several other carpets, which were innundated by anti-fire systems), were also damaged by protesters.[99] Furniture brought from the Monroe Palace (such as desks and chairs) was damaged, as well as an inkwell (from the times of the Empire of Brazil), an Persian carpet,[100] an crucifix, and the chair used by Rosa Weber, designed by Jorge Zalszupin,[89]

Electronic devices – including laptops, phones, desktops, printers, photographic lens and televisions – were also damaged or stolen by protesters;[101] others, such as a copy of the original 1988 constitution book and an Coat of arms of Brazil, were initially taken by the rioters, but were later found among the rubble in the building of the Supreme Federal Court.[102][103] The offices of the Workers' Party and of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party in the Congress building were also invaded and vandalised by the mob.[104] The office of Alexandre de Moraes was vandalized, its door was sprayed with graffiti, and his closet's door was taken by an protester; other offices inside the building were also vandalized, with some chairs and desks being taken by protesters to be used in barricades.[94] Rioters urinated and defecated in the press areas of the Congress building.[105] Protesters also stole weapons, munitions and documents from the Cabinet of Institutional Security in the Planalto.[106][107] In an interview with CNN Brasil, Senator Randolfe Rodrigues said five abandoned grenades were found after the invasion, three of which were left at the Supreme Federal Court and two at the Congress complex.[108]

Power sabotage

On 9 January 2023 (one day after the Brasilia attacks), three transmission towers in the states of Rondônia and Paraná (both of which are Bolsonaro's strongholds) were pulled down and cut off of Brazil's power grid. In the most serious incident, one tower connecting Brazil's mega hydropower plant Itaipu to the country's grid was damaged by a tractor.[109] According to the Brazilian National Electricity watchdog (ANEEL), no storm or natural disaster happened in those areas to sustain a natural cause for the towers collapse, which raised suspicions among government officials that some acts of sabotage by Bolsonaro supporters were underway to knock out power.[110] An additional tower in the interior of São Paulo state was damaged on 13 January.[111][112] However, alternative towers were switched on and no effective power cut took place in all the incidents.[109]

After the federal buildings were retaken, Justice of the Supreme Court Alexandre de Moraes suspended governor of the Federal District Ibaneis Rocha for 90 days, due to the shortcomings in security preparedness. He also ordered clearing of camps set up by protesters outside military bases within 24 hours, clearing of all roads and buildings occupied by them, and removal of all anti-democratic posts by Bolsonaro supporters from Facebook, Twitter and TikTok.[113]

During the attacks, the President Lula decreed federal intervention in the Federal District until 31 January 2023

The police started clearing the protest camps near army bases throughout the country on 9 January.[114] Soldiers backed by the police dismantled a camp outside the army headquarters in Brasília, which had been used as a base by those who had attacked the Three Powers Plaza. They arrested about 1,500 people;[115][116] 684 of them were later released on humanitarian grounds.[117] An earlier attempt by federal government officials to arrest suspects involved in the attack at the camp on the night of 8 January was blocked by the Brazilian Army commander Júlio Cesar de Arruda.[45] Arrest warrants for around 50 people allegedly involved in the invasion were issued, according to Justice Minister Flávio Dino.[118]

On 10 January, Moraes issued arrest warrants for the former public security secretary of Brasília Anderson Torres, and the Federal District Military Police chief, Fabio Augusto Vieira.[119] The Justice Ministry stated that the police had found a draft presidential decree authorizing Bolsonaro to overturn the elections by implementing a "state of defense" on the Superior Electoral Court while searching the house of Torres.[120] His lawyer claimed that the draft was a proposal by civilians and was never submitted to Bolsonaro, while Torres stated that it was taken out of context and was going to be eventually shredded.[121] The National Congress meanwhile authorized Lula's decree for federal intervention in Brasília and Deputy Justice Minister Ricardo Cappelli's appointment to oversee it.[17][122]

President Lula announced a security review of officials posted at the presidential palace on 12 January. He said that he believed that doors had been deliberately left unlocked in the attack, and that no hardcore Bolsonaro supporter would be allowed to work in the building.[42] Moraes on 13 January agreed to include Bolsonaro as part of the investigation into the riots over him questioning the legitimacy of the elections on 10 January.[123] Torres was arrested on the following day after returning to Brasília.[124]

The office of the Prosecutor General of Brazil presented charges against the accused for the first time on 17 January, charging 39 people with armed criminal association, violent attempt to subvert the democratic state of law, staging a coup and damage to public property.[125] In an interview on 18 January, Lula blamed the intelligence services of the armed forces and the Brazilian Intelligence Agency for failing to alert him to the possibility of an attack.[126] He dismissed Arruda from the post of commander of the army on 21 January, replacing him with Tomás Miguel Ribeiro Paiva.[126]

Fines and damages

Since 9 January 2023 several lawsuits have been filed aiming to compensate and/or impose fines over the property damage caused by the attackers, and their financers. Over $14 million BRL (nearly $2 million USD) in public property were lost during the attacks according to the Attorney General of Brazil who has successfully asked to freeze 18.5 million BRL (approximately $3.5 million USD) from persons and companies who financed the perpetrators.[127][128]

Reactions

Journalists have compared the events to the United States Capitol attack of 6 January 2021, which it strongly resembles and by which it was apparently inspired.[129][130] Several newspapers, including O Globo, Veja, and Folha de S.Paulo, characterised what happened as terrorism.[131][132][133] O Estado de S. Paulo and El Mundo described the event as an attempted coup d'état.[134][135] On 9 January, tens of thousands of people attended massive pro-democracy rallies against the rioters in many Brazilian cities.[136]

Domestic

Government

 Lula da Silva Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird
@LulaOficial

Democracy guarantees the right to free expression, but it also requires people to respect institutions. There is no precedent in the history of the country what they did today. For that they must be punished. And we are going to find out who are the financiers of those who went to Brasilia today, and they will all pay with the force of law.

8 January 2023[137]

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva condemned the demonstrators as "fascists" in a tweet and called their actions "barbarism".[138] He said that "there was, I would say, incompetence, bad will, bad faith, on the part of the people who take care of public security in the Federal District".[139] Minister of Planning and Budget Simone Tebet called for "exemplary punishments" for the protestors on Twitter. She added that "the Federal Constitution supports our Ministers of Justice and Defense in the use of all rigorous legitimate means for the defense of order, society and democracy".[140] Lula returned to Brasília after the buildings were cleared and visited the Supreme Court and the presidential palace.[141]

President of the Chamber of Deputies Arthur Lira condemned the attacks and called for punishment of those involved.[142] The Vice-President of the Chamber of Deputies, Luciano Bivar (UNIÃO), stated that there would be reinforcement of the military police, with new contingents sent to the National Congress and the Planalto Palace.[9]

Minister of Justice Flávio Dino, President of the Federal Senate Rodrigo Pacheco and Vice-President Geraldo Alckmin also criticised the attack on social media.[143]

The Brazilian superior courts released a joint note to condemn the 8 January attacks:[144]

The Supreme Federal Court, the Superior Electoral Court, the Superior Court of Justice, the Superior Labour Court and the Superior Military Court come to the public to express their indignation at the serious events that took place this Sunday, 8 January, with acts of violence against the three Powers of the Republic and destruction of public property. While expressing solidarity with the legitimately constituted authorities, and who are the target of this absurd aggression, they reiterate to the Brazilian Nation the commitment that the Judiciary will remain firm in its role of guaranteeing fundamental rights and the Democratic State of Law, ensuring the rule of law and the full accountability of those who violate it.

Parties and politicians

National President of the Workers' Party Gleisi Hoffmann said that "the DF government (of Ibaneis Rocha) was irresponsible in the face of the invasion of Brasília and the National Congress."[145]

Liberal Party head Valdemar Costa Neto said, "Today is a sad day for the Brazilian nation. We cannot agree with the plundering of the national Congress. All orderly demonstrations are legitimate. Disorder has never been part of our nation's principles. I want to tell you that we vehemently disapprove of this type of attitude and let the law be enforced, strengthening our democracy"[146] but also denied that the protestors were affiliated with or represented Bolsonaro.[147] On 11 January, he stated that any member of the party involved in the attack would be expelled.[148]

Bolsonaro himself condemned the rioters in a tweet[149] and denied responsibility.[150] On 10 January, he claimed in a video that Lula had lost the election but deleted it soon afterwards.[151][152] Supporters of Bolsonaro, like Senator Carlos Portinho, denounced acts of violence. Portinho, however, blamed the legal "superpowers" of Supreme Federal Court Judge Alexandre de Moraes for the aggressive protests, calling for their removal to "appease" the protestors.[153] Another Bolsonaro supporter, former federal judge and the senator for Paraná, Sergio Moro (UNIÃO), said that "The new Lula government began more concerned with repressing protests and dissenting opinions than with presenting results. The unrestricted political allocation of ministries and state companies is back. All in favor of a mysterious "reconstruction" without any direction. It is not a good start."[154] Flávio Bolsonaro, a senator and the eldest son of the former President, denied any relationship between the protestors and his father in leaked WhatsApp messages.[155] Others, such as Federal Deputy Gustavo Gayer (PL), Governor of São Paulo Tarcísio de Freitas (REPUBLICANOS), Governor of Paraná Ratinho Júnior (PSD), Governor of Rio de Janeiro Cláudio Castro (PL), Governor of Minas Gerais Romeu Zema (NOVO), National President of the Republicanos Marcos Pereira and Senator-elect Hamilton Mourão (REPUBLICANOS) condemned the acts of vandalism, but the majority of the pro-Bolsonaro parties and politicians remained silent.[156][157][143]

Senator Soraya Thronicke (UNIÃO) announced that her advisors had filed a request to open of a parliamentary commission of inquiry [pt] to investigate the protests.[158] Senator Randolfe Rodrigues (REDE), Senator Jean Paul Prates (PT), Governor of Rio Grande do Sul Eduardo Leite (PSDB), Governor of Pará Helder Barbalho (MDB), former governor of Amapá Waldez Góes (PDT), National President of the Social Democratic Party Gilberto Kassab, as well as Federal Deputies Marcelo Freixo (PT), José Guimarães [pt] (PT) and André Janones (AVANTE) condemned the attacks, with some characterising them as domestic terrorism.[143] Former presidential candidate Ciro Gomes (PDT) classified the acts as one of the greatest "crimes in the history of the Republic", and encouraged punishments in their "maximum rigor of the law" for those responsible.[159]

International

The attack was widely condemned by foreign governments and international organisations, especially in Latin America.[160]

Americas

The Secretary General of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Luis Almagro, stated, "We condemn the attack on the institutions in Brasília, which constitutes a reprehensible action and a direct attack on democracy. These actions are inexcusable and fascist in nature."[160] The OAS also convened a special meeting of its Permanent Council on 11 January to examine the incident.[161] The Caribbean Community issued a communiqué "strongly condemning the violent invasion of governmental buildings in Brasília by a misinformed crowd who reject to accept the results of free, democratic and just elections" and called for the restoration of order.[162]

Joe Biden Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird
@POTUS

I condemn the assault on democracy and on the peaceful transfer of power in Brazil. Brazil’s democratic institutions have our full support and the will of the Brazilian people must not be undermined. I look forward to continuing to work with @LulaOficial.

8 January 2023[163]

The United States embassy in Brazil referred to the protests as anti-democratic and warned its citizens to avoid the rioting.[164][160] President Joe Biden described the situation as "outrageous".[165] U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken condemned the calls for a coup on Twitter, writing "We condemn the attacks on Brazil's Presidency, Congress, and Supreme Court today. Using violence to attack democratic institutions is always unacceptable. We join Lula in urging an immediate end to these actions".[166] United States National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan also condemned the attack and said that the White House was following the situation.[167] Many American observers also compared the attack to the attempted insurrection at the American capitol two years prior. Joaquin Castro and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Democratic members of the United States House of Representatives, called on the U.S. government to deport Bolsonaro, who had been taking refuge in Orlando, Florida, in the days leading up to and after Lula's swearing-in, back to Brazil for inspiring the riots.[168][160]

Latin American heads of state condemned the violence, such as President Gustavo Petro of Colombia, who called for an urgent meeting of the Organization of American States in the face of what he considers an attempted "coup" by fascism, or President Gabriel Boric of Chile, who condemned the rioting as a "vile attack" and announced his full support for the government.[169][170] President of Cuba Miguel Díaz-Canel condemned the riots and expressed support and solidarity with Lula and his government.[171] A similar statement was made by Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador who described the events at Brasília as "reprehensible and antidemocratic" and described the protesters as being "motivated by oligarchs".[172] President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro rejected the violence by "Bolsonaro's neo-fascist groups" and expressed support for Lula.[173] Alberto Fernández, the president of Argentina, described the storming as an "attempted coup d'état"[174] and the Vice-President of Argentina, Cristina Kirchner, compared events in Brasília with the invasion of the US capitol in January 2021.[175] Likewise, Guillermo Lasso, President of Ecuador, condemned the "disrespectful acts of vandalism perpetrated against democratic institutions in Brasília", and expressed his support for Lula's government.[176] Other condemnations came from the Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs Marcelo Ebrard, the foreign minister of Argentina, and the foreign-affairs ministries of Ecuador, Bolivia and Uruguay.[177][178][160]

Asia

Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi was "deeply concerned about the news of rioting and vandalism against the State institutions in Brasília". He said India extended its full support to the Brazilian authorities.[160] The State of Palestine "condemned the recent acts of violence and terrorism in Brazil, calling them an assault on Brazilian democracy and its elected president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. The state reaffirmed its support for the friendly Federative Republic of Brazil against any attempts to undermine its security or stability."[179] Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Wang Wenbin also condemned the attack and expressed support for Lula.[180][181]

Europe

 Josep Borrell Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird
@JosepBorrellF

Appalled by the acts of violence and illegal occupation of Brasilia's government quarter by violent extremists today.

Full support to Lula and his government, to Congress and to the Federal Supreme Court.

Brazilian democracy will prevail over violence and extremism.

8 January 2023[182]

European Union Foreign Affairs High Representative Josep Borrell condemned the attack on the institutions.[160] President of the European Council Charles Michel expressed support for President Lula and condemned "the assault on the democratic institutions of Brazil."[183] The Iberian governments, who have historical and linguistic ties with Latin America, supported Lula. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez of Spain emphatically condemned the assault and showed support to Lula and to the democratically-elected Brazilian institutions, while the government of Portugal condemned the violence and stated its supporting of Brazilian authorities in restoring order and stability.[184][185][178]

President of France Emmanuel Macron declared that Lula "can count on France's unwavering support".[160] The attack was also condemned by the British Foreign Secretary James Cleverly,[186] Italian deputy prime minister and foreign affairs minister Antonio Tajani,[187] Austrian foreign minister Alexander Schallenberg,[188] German Chancellor Olaf Scholz[180] and the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[189] Pope Francis condemned the insurrection attempt and expressed concern for the situation in Brazil.[190] Dmitry Peskov, the press secretary for Russian President Vladimir Putin, declared support for Lula and said Moscow condemns "in the strongest terms" the actions of those who provoked the disorder.[191][192]

Oceania

The Australian Government issued a statement condemning the attack on the Brazilian Congress, Supreme Court, and Presidential Palace. A Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) spokesperson described the attack as "unacceptable; democratic institutions and processes must be respected."[183]

International organisations

United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres condemned the assault, stating, "I condemn today's assault on Brazil's democratic institutions. The will of the Brazilian people and the country's institutions must be respected. I have full confidence that it will be. Brazil is a great democratic country."[193] The left-wing Progressive International also condemned the attack on Twitter.[194]

Other

Left-wing figures and groups, such as the former Prime Minister of Greece Alexis Tsipras,[195] former Leader of the British Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn,[196] former President of the Workers' Party of Belgium Peter Mertens,[197] founder of La France Insoumise Jean-Luc Mélenchon,[198] as well as the Irish democratic socialist party Sinn Fein[199] and the Socialist Party, a Swedish Trotskyist political organisation, expressed solidarity with Lula.[200] American far-right political activist and former Trump administration's counselor to the president, Steve Bannon, praised those participating in the attack as "Brazilian freedom fighters".[201]

Social media companies Meta Platforms and YouTube confirmed on 9 January that they would be removing content supporting or promoting the invasion of Brazilian federal government buildings. In addition, a representative from Telegram confirmed that the platform was working with the Brazilian government and fact checking groups to stop the spread of content promoting violence related to the events in Brazil.[202]

See also

References

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  194. ^ Progressive International [@ProgIntl] (8 January 2023). "BREAKING (1/3) 🇧🇷 Bolsonaristas are leading a violent insurrection in the capital Brasilia, ransacking their way to the Congress, Supreme Court, and Presidential Palace. The @ProgIntl stands with @LulaOficial against these acts of terror and in defense of democracy in Brazil" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  195. ^ Tsipras, Alexis [@atsipras] (8 January 2023). "Full solidarity to President Lula and support for democracy which is threatened once again by the organized forces of the extreme right. The int'l community must immediately condemn the attempt to overthrow the elected President and undermine democratic institutions in Brazil" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Twitter.
  196. ^ Corbyn, Jeremy [@jeremycorbyn] (8 January 2023). "Horrifying scenes in Brazil as Bolsonaro supporters storm Congress, the Presidential Palace & the Supreme Court. This insurrection is an assault on democracy & the Brazilian masses. Solidarity with @LulaOficial & all those who want to live in a free, fair and peaceful society" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  197. ^ Mertens, Peter [@peter_mertens] (8 January 2023). "Violent coup attempt in the capital Brasilia. Far-right Bolsonarists are storming Parliament, the Supreme Court and the Presidential Palace. All our support for President @LulaOficial against these far-right acts of terror" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Twitter.
  198. ^ Mélenchon, Jean-Luc [@JLMelenchon] (8 January 2023). "In #Brazil the far-right is attempting a Trump-style putsch against the new left-wing president @LulaOficial. Solidarity with Brazilian democracy!" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Twitter.
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