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List of musical works in unusual time signatures

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This is a list of musical compositions or pieces of music that have unusual time signatures. "Unusual" is here defined to be any time signature other than simple time signatures with top numerals of 2, 3, or 4 and bottom numerals of 2, 4, or 8, and compound time signatures with top numerals of 6, 9, or 12 and bottom numerals 4, 8, or 16.[1]

The conventions of musical notation typically allow for more than one written representation of a particular piece. The chosen time signature largely depends upon musical context, personal taste of the composer or transcriber, and the graphic layout on the written page. Frequently, published editions were written in a specific time signature to visually signify the tempo for slow movements in symphonies, sonatas, and concerti.

A perfectly consistent unusual metrical pattern may be notated in a more familiar time signature that does not correspond to it. For example, the Passacaglia from Britten's opera Peter Grimes consists of variations over a recurring bass line eleven beats in length but is notated in ordinary 4
4 time, with each variation lasting 2+3⁄4 bars, and therefore commencing each time one crotchet earlier in the bar than the preceding one.[2]

Upper number of 1

1
1

1
2

1
4

1
8

  • Amor dammi quel fazzolettino by Andrew Violette, for one measure in the left hand of the second piano part.[49]
  • Black Tea by Andrew Violette.[50]

1
16

1
32

1
64

Upper number of 2

2
1

2
16

{ \new PianoStaff << \new Staff \relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \clef treble \tempo 8 = 126 \time 3/16 r16 <d c a fis d>\f-! r16\fermata | \time 2/16 r <d c a fis d>-! \time 3/16 r <d c a fis d>8-! | r16 <d c a fis d>8-! | \time 2/8 <d c a fis>16-! <e c bes g>->-![ <cis b aes f>-! <c a fis ees>-!] } \new Staff \relative c { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \clef bass \time 3/16 d,16-! <bes'' ees,>-! r\fermata | \time 2/16 <d,, d,>-! <bes'' ees,>-! | \time 3/16 d16-! <ees cis>8-! | r16 <ees cis>8-! | \time 2/8 d16\sf-! <ees cis>-!->[ <d c>-! <d c>-!] } >> }

2
32

Upper number of 3

See also: Triple meter

3
1

3
16

3
32

Upper number of 4

4
||whole note||

4
1

4
16

4
32

Upper number of 5

Main article: Quintuple meter

Upper number of 6

See also: Sextuple meter

6
2

6
32

Upper number of 7

Main article: Septuple meter

Upper number of 8

Note: 8
4 or 8
8 may refer to an evenly divided compound duple or quadruple meter. While this is arguably extremely common in music, the notations 8
4 and 8
8 themselves are not, so all divisions of this time signature are listed here

8
2

8
4

8
8

8
16

Upper number of 9

Time signatures that group nine beats into 3+3+3 are very common in music. This section only lists other groupings, such as 2+3+2+2.

9
4

  • Agon by Igor Stravinsky, at measure 167. Although other measures of 9
    4     in the same section are subdivided 3+3+3, this measure is 3+2+2+2.[95]
  • Concertino by Igor Stravinsky, one measure after rehearsal mark 14 (subdivided 4+3+2).[108]

9
8

9
16

9
32

Upper number of 10

10
4

10
8

10
16

Upper number of 11

11
4

11
8

11
16

11
32

11
64

Upper number of 12

12
2

  • Concerto for Piano, Clarinet, and String Quartet by Roy Harris has a measure of 12
    2     in the second movement.[148]

12
32

Upper number of 13

13
4

13
8

13
16

Upper number of 14

See also: Septuple meter

14
4

14
16

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette, for two measures in one of the songs.[202]

Upper number of 15

See also: Quintuple meter

15
8

15
16

15
32

Upper number of 16

16
16

Upper number of 17

17
4

17
8

17
16

Upper number of 18

See also: Sextuple meter

18
8

18
16

Upper number of 19

19
4

  • "33 222 1 222" by Don Ellis.[231] Its title represents the subdivision: 3+3+2+2+2+1+2+2+2
    4    [232]

19
8

19
16

Upper number between 20 and 29

20

21

See also: Septuple meter
  • "The Art Of Dying" by Gojira (2008) cycles from 4
    4     to 2
    4     to 21
    16     (grouped 5+5+5+3+3) and repeats this pattern during the intro and beginning of the song.[236]
  • 3 Danses from L'Oeuvre d'orgue by Jehan Alain, for one measure in the first dance.[237]
  • "In Re Con Moto Et Al" by Charles Ives uses 21
    8    .[168]
  • In the Dead of the Night suite by U.K., "contains an instrumental refrain in 21
    16    ".[188]
  • "Keep It Greasy" by Frank Zappa on Joe's Garage (the second verse is in 21
    16    ).[190]
  • Master of Puppets by Metallica features measures that can be interpreted as 21
    32    .[238]

22

24

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette. One of the songs is in 4
    4    (24
    16    ) and two other songs have some measures in 24
    16     in the piano's right hand against 4
    4     in the piano's left hand and voice.[202]
  • Amor dammi quel fazzolettino by Andrew Violette has a passage of 24
    16     in the first piano against 6
    4     in the second piano.[49]
  • "Brobdingnagische Gigue", from Intrada, nebst burlesquer Suite, for two violins (the so-called "Gulliver Suite") by Georg Philipp Telemann is in 24
    1    .[88]
  • Carmina Burana by Carl Orff has 24
    4     (written as 8
    dotted half note.    ) in the movement Veris leta facies.[13]
  • Suite in E Minor, HWV 438 by George Frideric Handel uses 24
    16     for the Gigue.[241]
  • The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1 by Johann Sebastian Bach. The upper stave of Prelude No. 15 is in 24
    16     (The bottom stave is in common time).[242]

25

27

29

Upper number between 30 and 39

30

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette. One of the songs has 30
    16     in the piano's right hand against 5
    4     in the piano's left hand and voice.[202]
  • Bicinium by Charles Wuorinen, at bar 89 (30
    32    , written as 10
    sixteenth note.    ).[60]

31

32

33

35

  • "Entertain Me" by Tigran Hamasyan contains a repeating melody in 35
    16    , overlayed on top of the main 256
    32     meter.[197]
  • "Nairian Odyssey" by Tigran Hamasyan contains a solo section in 35
    16    , divided variously as 6
    4     + 5
    16     + 3
    8     and 6+8+6+9+6
    16    .[251]

36

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette. One of the songs has a measure in 36
    16     in the piano's right hand against 6
    4     in the piano's left hand and voice and another has the same, but with 3
    2     instead of 6
    4    .[202]
  • Charon by Richard Barrett has 36
    8     in bar 58.[51]
  • Organbook by Andrew Violette has 36
    16    .[257]

Upper number between 40 and 49

40

42

43

44

47

48

  • American Song Set by Andrew Violette. One song has a measure of 24
    16     in the piano's right hand against 48
    32     in the piano's left hand and 4
    4     in the voice.[202]

Upper number between 50 and 59

53

Upper number more than 59

77

86

256

  • "Entertain Me" by Tigran Hamasyan is in 256
    32    , with a repeating motif in 35
    16     laid over it.[197]

Fractional time signatures

See also: Time signature § Variants

Irrational time signatures

See also: Time signature § Irrational meters

Combined unusual signatures

See also: Time signature § Mixed meters
  • Anyone Who Had a Heart, by Burt Bacharach uses 4
    4    , 5
    4    , and 7
    8    .[286]
  • "Butterflies, Hummingbirds", No. 5 from Twelve New Etudes by William Bolcom, has parenthesized time signatures of 18
    64    , 20
    64    , and 38
    64    .[287]
  • 20 Caprices and Rhythmic Studies by Émile Jaques-Dalcroze.[288]
    • No. 1 has 10
      8      .
    • No. 2 has 5
      4      .
    • No. 3 has 5
      8      , 5
      16      , 7
      16      , 8
      8      , 8
      16      , 9
      16       (5+4), 10
      16      , 11
      16      , 14
      16      , 15
      8      , 15
      16      , 18
      16      , and 24
      16      .
    • No. 4 has 10
      4      , 10
      8      , 11
      8      , and 16
      8      .
    • No. 5 has 8
      16       and 16
      16      .
    • No. 6 has 7
      8      , 8
      8      , 15
      8      , and 18
      8      .
    • No. 8 has 5
      8      , 7
      8      , 8
      8      , and 10
      8      .
    • No. 9 has 1
      8      , 5
      8      , 7
      8      , 8
      8      , 10
      8      , and 15
      8      .
    • No. 10 has 3
      16      , 4
      16      , 7
      16      , and 8
      16      .
    • No. 11 has 5
      8      , 7
      8      , 8
      8      , 10
      8      , 20
      16      , and 24
      16       (written as 8
      eighth note.      ).
    • No. 15 has 5
      8      , 7
      8      , 8
      8      , and 9
      8       (beamed 2+2+2+3).
    • No. 16 has 7
      16      , 8
      16      , 10
      16      , 11
      16      , 13
      16      , 14
      16      (7
      8      ), and 15
      16      .
    • No. 17 has 7
      8      .
    • No. 19 has 7
      8      , 8
      8      , 9
      8       (beamed 2+2+2+3), and 10
      8      .
    • No. 20 has 8
      8      , 15
      16      , 18
      16      , and 20
      16      .
  • Chichester Psalms by Leonard Bernstein uses irregular 9
    2     and 9
    4    , 10
    4     notated as 5+5
    4    , and 12
    2    .[289]
  • The Death of the Hired Man by Andrew Violette has 1
    4    , 1
    8    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    4    , 10
    16    , 18
    16    , 24
    16    , 27
    16    (3
    dotted quarter note.+eighth note.    ), and 36
    16    (4
    dotted quarter note.+eighth note.    )[290]
  • Earth, the fifth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has 2
    16    , 3
    [16]    , 4
    [16]    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 11
    8    , 11
    16    , 13
    16    , 15
    8    , 15
    16    , 17
    8    , 17
    16    , 19
    8    , and 25
    16    .[291]
  • Emily Dickinson's Book of the Dead by Andrew Violette has 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 7
    8    , and 20
    16    .[292]
  • The Exterminating Angel Symphony by Thomas Adès has 1
    4    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 7
    4    , 7
    8    , and 8
    8    .[273]
  • "Firth of Fifth": Introduction, by Tony Banks of Genesis, mixes duple and quadruple meters with 13
    16     and 15
    16     signatures.[293]
  • Intermezzo by Andrew Violette has 3
    16    , 4
    16    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 8
    16    , 10
    16    , 11
    16    , and 20
    16    .[294]
  • I Open and Close, the sixth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has 1
    8    , 2
    16    , 3
    16    , 3
    2    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 7
    32    , 8
    8    , 11
    16    , 13
    16    , 15
    16    , 15
    32    , and 24
    8    .[278]
  • "I Say a Little Prayer" by Dionne Warwick uses two measures of 4
    4    , one measure of 10
    4     and two measures of 4
    4     for verses and 11
    4     for its chorus.[295]
  • K.G.L.W. by King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard increments through 1
    8    , 2
    8    , 3
    8    , 4
    4    , 5
    4    , 6
    4    , 7
    4    , 9
    4    , 11
    4    , 13
    8    , 15
    8    , 17
    8    , 19
    8    , and 21
    8    .[296]
  • Klavierstück IX (1954–55/61) by Karlheinz Stockhausen uses 21
    8    , 34
    8    , 42
    8    , 87
    8    , and 142
    8    .[297]
  • Lemma-Icon-Epigram by Brian Ferneyhough has 1
    8    , 1
    16    , 1
    32    , 1
    64     (in an additive time signature), 3
    16    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 5
    32    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 8
    8    , 9
    16     (in various groupings such as 3+2+2+2), and 11
    16    .[279]
  • Lieder vom Wasser, the tenth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has 1
    8    , 1
    16    , 2
    16    , 3
    16    , 3
    32    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 5
    32    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 8
    8    , 11
    16    , 13
    16    , 15
    16    , and 43
    16    .[298]
  • The Long and the Short by Charles Wuorinen has 1
    4    , 1
    8    , 1
    16     (in additive time signatures such as 5
    4    +1
    16    ), 3
    16    , 4
    4     (subdivided as 3
    32    +7
    16    +3
    8    +3
    32    ), 4+1⁄4
    4    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    4    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 7+1⁄4
    4    , 8
    4    , 9
    32    , 11+1⁄2
    4    , 12
    4    , 13
    32    , 24
    4    , 25
    4    , and 40
    4    .[299]
  • Love Duet by Andrew Violette has 1
    4    , 5
    4    , 9
    4     (grouped 2+2+2+3), 15
    8    , 18
    8    , and 21
    8    .[300]
  • Organ Sonata by Andrew Violette has 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 18
    8    , and 24
    16    .[301]
  • Pastorale by Andrew Violette has 20
    16     and 24
    16    .[302]
  • Piano Concerto No. 5 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 6
    4+1⁄2     (six dotted quarter notes), 7
    4    , 7
    8    , 8
    4    , 8
    8    , 10
    8    , 11
    4    , 11
    8    , 13
    8    , 14
    8    , and 15
    8    . [303]
  • Piano Sonata No. 1 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 7
    4    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 8
    8    , 10
    8    , 11
    8    , 13
    8    , 14
    8    , 15
    8    , and 30
    16    .[304]
  • Piano Sonata No. 1 by Andrew Violette has 5
    2    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , and 7
    8    .[305]
  • Piano Sonata No. 2 by Charles Wuorinen has 1
    4    , 1
    8    , 3
    16    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    4    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 7
    32    , 8
    4    , 9
    8     (grouped 4+2+3), 9
    32    , 10
    4    , 10
    16    , 10
    32    , 11
    8    , 11
    16    , 11
    32    , 12
    4    , 15
    16    , 15
    32    , 18
    32    , and 20
    32     (written as 4
    eighth note+thirty-second note    ).[306]
  • Piano Sonata No. 3 by Andrew Violette has 1
    4     (in additive time signatures such as 3
    4    +1
    4    ), 1
    8    , 1
    16     (in additive time signatures such as 4
    4    +1
    16    ), 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 7
    4    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 8
    8    , 8
    16    , 9
    16     (grouped 4+5), 10
    4    , 10
    8    , 10
    16    , 11
    8    , 11
    16    , 13
    4    , 13
    16    , 14
    8    , 14
    16    , 15
    4    , 15
    8    , 15
    16    , 16
    16    , 17
    8    , 17
    16    , 18
    8    , 19
    8    , 19
    16    , 20
    16    , 21
    8    , 21
    16    , 24
    16    , 27
    16     (written as 3
    half note+sixteenth note    ), 28
    16    , 31
    8    , 34
    8    , 36
    8    , 40
    8    , 56
    8    , 60
    4    , 60
    8    , 74
    8    , 90
    16    , and 93
    16    .[267]
  • Piano Sonata No. 3 by Charles Wuorinen has 6
    8    +1
    32    , 3
    16    , 3
    32    , 4+1⁄2
    4    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 5+1⁄2
    4    , 6+1⁄3
    4    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 7+1⁄3
    8    , 9
    16     (grouped 4+5), 9
    32    , 10
    16    , 11
    8    , 11
    16    , 13
    16    , 15
    16    , and 17
    16    .[307]
  • Piano Sonata No. 4 by Charles Wuorinen has 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 8
    8    , 9
    8     (both 4+5 and 6+3), 4+5
    16    , 10
    16    , 11
    8    , 11
    16    , 15
    16    , and 21
    16    .[308]
  • Pli selon pli by Pierre Boulez.
    • I. Don: 1
      4      , 1
      8      , 2
      1      , 2
      16      , 3
      16      , 4
      16      , 5
      1      , 5
      4      , 5
      8      , 5
      16      , 7
      8      , 7
      16      , and 8
      8      .[309]
    • II. Improvisation I: 1
      4      , 3
      16      , 5
      8      , 5
      16      , 7
      8      , 7
      16      , and 8
      16      .[310]
    • III. Improvisation II: 1
      1      , 1
      4      , 2
      1      , 4
      1      , 5
      1      , 5
      2      , 5
      4      , 5
      8      , 7
      8      , and 8
      1      .[311]
    • IV. Improvisation III: 1
      8      , 3
      16      , 5
      4      , 5
      8      , 5
      16      , and 7
      16      .[312]
    • V. Tombeau: 1
      2       and 1
      4      .[313]
  • Quirl by Brian Ferneyhough has 1
    8    , 3
    16    , 3
    32    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 5
    32    , 5
    64    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 7
    32    , 7
    64    , 8
    8    , 9
    32    , 10
    8    , 11
    16    , 11
    32    , 13
    16    , and 15
    64    .[314]
  • Quintet No. 1 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has 2
    1    , 2+1⁄2
    4    , 5
    4    , 5
    4+1⁄2     (five dotted quarter notes), 7
    4    , 7
    8    , 8
    4    , 8
    8    , 10
    4    , 10
    8    , 11
    8    , 13
    4    , 14
    8    , 15
    8    , and 20
    8    .[315]
  • Salve Regina, the second of 4 Madrigals by Andrew Violette, has 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 7
    4    , 7
    8    , 9
    8     (4
    4    +1
    8    ), 13
    8    , and 18
    8     (3+4+5+6
    8    ).[316]
  • Sonata for Cello and Piano by Elliott Carter has 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    16    , 14
    32    , and 21
    32    .[317]
  • Storm Suite from The Tempest (also known as The Tempest Symphony) has 1
    8    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 7
    4    , and 7
    8    .[318]
  • String Quartet No. 1 by Elliott Carter has 2
    16     (as part of an additive time signature), 4
    16    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 8
    16    , 9
    32     (written as 3
    sixteenth note.    ), 10
    8    , 10
    16    , 12
    32     (written as 4
    sixteenth note.    ), 14
    16    , 15
    8    , 15
    16    , 18
    8    , 18
    16    , 20
    16    , and 21
    8    .[319]
  • String Quartet No. 2 by Elliott Carter has 4
    16    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 15
    8    , 7
    16    , 10
    8    , 10
    16    , 14
    16    , 15
    8    , 15
    16    , and 21
    16    .[320]
  • String Quartet No. 3 by Elliott Carter has 3
    16    , 3
    32     (in an additive time signature), 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 9
    32    , 11
    16    , 12
    32     (in an additive time signature), 24
    16    , 24
    32    , and 27
    32    .[321]
  • Structures by Pierre Boulez.[322][323]
    • Ia: 3
      16      , 4
      16      , 5
      16
    • Ib: 1
      8      , 1
      32      , 2
      16      , 2
      32      , 3
      16      , 3
      32      , 4
      16      , 4
      32      , 5
      4      , 5
      8      , 5
      16      , 5
      32      , 6
      32      , 7
      8      , 7
      16      , 7
      32      , 8
      32      , 9
      32
    • Ic: 3
      16      , 5
      16      , 5
      32
    • II, Chapter 1: 1
      4      , 1
      8      , 1
      16      , 3
      16      , 5
      8      , 5
      16      , 7
      8      , 7
      16      , 3+5
      16
    • II, Chapter 2: 5
      4      , 7
      4      , 11
      4
  • Superscriptio by Brian Ferneyhough has 1
    8    , 1
    16    , 1
    32    , 3
    16    , 3
    32    , 3
    64    , 5
    16    , 5
    32    , 5
    64    , 7
    16    , 7
    32    , and 7
    64    .[284]
  • Suite from The Tempest for violin and piano has 3
    16    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 7
    8    , and 7
    16    .[324]
  • Thrak by King Crimson switches between 5
    8    , and 7
    8     throughout the head section.[325]
  • Traced Overhead by Thomas Adès has 1
    2    , 1
    4    , 1
    8    , 2
    1    , 3
    16    , 5
    4    , 5
    8    , and 7
    4    .[285]
  • Tract, the eighth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has 1
    8    , 2
    16    , 4
    32    , 5
    8    , 5
    16    , 5
    [32]    , 6
    [32]    , 7
    8    , 7
    16    , 7
    32    , 8
    8    , 8
    [32]    , 9
    32    , 10
    32    , 11
    8    , 11
    16    , 11
    32    , 12
    [32]    , 13
    16    , 13
    32    , 14
    32    , 15
    8    , 15
    16    , 15
    32    , 18
    8    , 19
    32    , 20
    8    , and 21
    8    .[326]
  • Zeitmaße by Karlheinz Stockhausen uses 1
    2    , 1
    8    , 1
    16    , 2
    16    , 2
    32    , 3
    16    , 3
    32    , 4
    16    , 8
    8    , 8
    32    , 11
    16    , 12
    32    , 17
    32    , 23
    32    , and 30
    32    .[135][327]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Ian Waugh first lists 2
    2    , 2
    4    , 2
    8    , 3
    2    , 3
    4    , 3
    8    , 4
    2    , 4
    4    , 4
    8    , 6
    4    , 6
    8    , 6
    16    , 9
    4    , 9
    8    , 9
    16    , 12
    4    , 12
    8    , and 12
    16     (Waugh 2003, 76), then says "we've listed all the popular time signatures" (Waugh 2003, 77).
  2. ^ Britten 1945b.
  3. ^ "Variations on an Original Theme "Enigma", Op. 36 (Elgar, Edward) – IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  4. ^ Birtwistle, Harrison (1965). Entr'actes and Sappho Fragments. London: Universal Edition, plate U. E. 12948L.
  5. ^ a b c d e Read, Gardner (1978). Modern rhythmic notation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33867-0. OCLC 3447628.
  6. ^ Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1966). Mixtur. Universal Edition, plate UE 14261.
  7. ^ "Rhythmicana, HC 557 (Cowell, Henry) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Symphony No. 2 (Borodin, Aleksandr) – IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  9. ^ "Air - Homage to Sibelius | Faber Music". www.fabermusic.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  10. ^ Copland 1945, 56–59.
  11. ^ "4 Mélodies, Op.13 (Chausson, Ernest) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d "Mikrokosmos, Sz.107 (Bartók, Béla) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h "Carmina Burana". www.schott-music.com. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  14. ^ "Decet for Winds, Op.14 (Enescu, George) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  15. ^ a b "5 Pieces, Op.23 (Schoenberg, Arnold) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Káťa Kabanová (Janáček, Leoš) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  17. ^ "Pièces de clavecin (Couperin, François) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  18. ^ a b "Mládí (Janáček, Leoš) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  19. ^ "8 Nocturnes, FP 56 (Poulenc, Francis) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  20. ^ a b "Piano Sonata, Op.43 (Farjeon, Harry) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  21. ^ a b c "Piano Sonata No.3, Op.105 (Karg-Elert, Sigfrid) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  22. ^ "Piano Sonata No.5, Op.53 (Scriabin, Aleksandr) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  23. ^ "Quartet, Op.22 (Webern, Anton) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  24. ^ "Rapsodie nègre, FP 3 (Poulenc, Francis) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  25. ^ "String Quartet No.1, Sz.40 (Bartók, Béla) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  26. ^ "Symphony No.1, Op.55 (Elgar, Edward) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  27. ^ "Symphony No.17, Op.41 (Myaskovsky, Nikolay) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  28. ^ Revueltas 1971, 32, 34–38.
  29. ^ "Clarinet Sonata (Violette, Andrew) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  30. ^ a b "Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments, K042 (Stravinsky, Igor) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  31. ^ "Suite bizarre, Op.41 (Achron, Joseph) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  32. ^ Allcock, Maartin, ed. (1998). Fairport Convention Songbook 2. Woodworm Music. pp. 56–59.
  33. ^ "Liszt Ferenc: Fantasie". www.kotta.info. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
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  37. ^ "Iannis Xenakis - Metastaseis (B)". boosey.com. Boosey & Hawkes. Retrieved 18 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ^ Dream Theater Keyboard Anthology. Transcribed by Chris Romero and Jordan Baker 2004, 30.
  39. ^ a b "On the Overgrown Path (Janáček, Leoš) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  40. ^ "Petrushka, K012 (Stravinsky, Igor) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org.
  41. ^ "Piano Concerto No.2, Op.16 (Prokofiev, Sergey) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  42. ^ a b "Piano Sonata, Sz.80 (Bartók, Béla) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h Sessions, Roger (1948). Piano Sonata No. 2. Edward B. Marks Music Company.
  44. ^ Chávez 1972, 3–4.
  45. ^ "Piano Sonata No.5, Op.38/135 (Prokofiev, Sergey) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  46. ^ "Tzigane (Ravel, Maurice) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  47. ^ Claude Vivier - Zipangu on Boosey and Hawkes. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  48. ^ "Alchymia | Faber Music". www.fabermusic.com. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  49. ^ a b "Amor dammi quel fazzolettino (Violette, Andrew) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  50. ^ "Black Tea (Violette, Andrew) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "BARRETT, Richard : CHARON". United Music Publishing. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  52. ^ "Fantasy (Violette, Andrew) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  53. ^ "Last Dance (Violette, Andrew) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  54. ^ a b "Lincolnshire Posy (Grainger, Percy) - IMSLP". IMSLP. Retrieved 18 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  55. ^ Dream Theater Black Clouds and Silver Linings Authentic Guitar TAB. 2009, 7.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wuorinen, Charles (1973). Piano Sonata No. 1. New York: Edition Peters 66371.
  57. ^ Chávez 1972, 12.
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  64. ^ "Partita in E minor, BWV 830 (Bach, Johann Sebastian) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  65. ^ Bach, Johann (1985). Bischoff, Hans (ed.). Six Partitas and Overture in French Style. Alfred Music Publishing. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-7692-8604-4. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  66. ^ "12 Etudes in All the Minor Keys, Op.39 (Alkan, Charles-Valentin) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  67. ^ a b Delécluse, Jacques (1964). Douze Études pour Caisse-Claire. Paris: Éditions Alphonse Leduc.
  68. ^ a b c d e f g h "Requiem Canticles, K106 (Stravinsky, Igor) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  69. ^ a b c d e "The Rite of Spring (Stravinsky, Igor)". IMSLP. Retrieved 10 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  70. ^ a b c d "12 Sketches, Op.1 (Stanchinsky, Aleksey) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  71. ^ "Chaconne in D major (Capricornus, Samuel) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  72. ^ "Passacaglia in D minor (Krieger, Johann Philipp) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  73. ^ "Mystery (Rosary) Sonatas (Biber, Heinrich Ignaz Franz von) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  74. ^ "Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saens, Camille)". IMSLP. Retrieved 10 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  75. ^ a b "Ives SYMPHONY NO. 4 by ScoresOnDemand - Issuu". issuu.com. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  76. ^ a b Rückert-Lieder: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
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  78. ^ "Apollon musagète, K048 (Stravinsky, Igor) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  79. ^ a b c "Kantate I, Op.29 (Webern, Anton) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  80. ^ "Concerto for 2 Pianos, K058 (Stravinsky, Igor) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  81. ^ a b "Concerto in E-flat major, K060 (Stravinsky, Igor) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  82. ^ "Donna Diana (Reznicek, Emil von) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
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  86. ^ Bentzon, Niels Viggo (1947). Toccata, Op. 10. Copenhagen: Edition Wilhelm Hansen 26030. p. 5.
  87. ^ Webern, Anton. "Variations, Op. 27". IMSLP. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  88. ^ a b c "Intrada-Suite for 2 Violins 'Gulliver's Travels', TWV 40:108 (Telemann, Georg Philipp) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  89. ^ a b Stravinsky, Igor. "Pribaoutki". IMSLP. Retrieved 16 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  90. ^ "Le Chant du rossignol, K026 (Stravinsky, Igor) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  91. ^ "Homenaje a Federico Garcia Lorca, R.43 (Revueltas, Silvestre) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org.
  92. ^ "Piano Sonata No.3, Op.5 (Brahms, Johannes) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  93. ^ "Variations on a Theme by Robert Schumann, Op.9 (Brahms, Johannes) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  94. ^ Holst 1977, 4–6, 18–19, 23–24, 27–30.
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  96. ^ Weingarten, Christopher R. (8 March 2019). "17 Essential Songs In 7/4". Retrieved 31 October 2021./
  97. ^ "Chaconne (Violette, Andrew) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  98. ^ Suspended Animation Authentic Guitar TAB, transcribed by Jordan Baker. 2005, 81–85, 88–89, 105–107
  99. ^ Dethalbum III Authentic Guitar TAB, transcribed by Jordan Baker. 2013, 10[full citation needed]
  100. ^ "Lamentations and Consolations, Op.17 (Bortkiewicz, Sergei) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
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  102. ^ "Musica ricercata". Schott. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
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  105. ^ Britten 1946, 14–15.
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  107. ^ Davies 1985, 48–49.
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  120. ^ "The Flood, K098 (Stravinsky, Igor) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
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    4    , and 7
    8    , respectively." (Alan Pollack's "Notes On" series, no. 183 Archived 30 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine).
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  184. ^ Macan 1997, 48.
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  188. ^ a b c d Macan 1997, 49.
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  190. ^ a b c "13 iconic tracks played in crazy time signatures". Mixdown. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021. Trent Reznor certainly isn't inexperienced when it comes to odd time signatures – "The Becoming" kicks off in 13/8 [...] The first verse, a number of sections in the bridge and the guitar solo in "Keep It Greasy" are counted in the head-scratching signature of 19/16, while the second verse takes things up a notch by going to 21/16.
  191. ^ Plini. "Plini – Electric Sunrise". YouTube.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  225. ^ a b John McLaughlin, John McLaughlin and the Mahavishnu Orchestra: John McLaughlin's Scores to 28 Classic Recordings (Van Nuys: Alfred Publishing, 2006): 58-64. ISBN 0-7390-4255-6.
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  227. ^ "Nocturne No.7, Op.74 (Fauré, Gabriel) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  228. ^ Ginastera 1969, 79–86.
  229. ^ "4 Etudes, Op.2 (Prokofiev, Sergey) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org.
  230. ^ "Goldberg-Variationen, BWV 988 (Bach, Johann Sebastian) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org.
  231. ^ Fenlon 2002, 112–13.
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  238. ^ Hudson, Stephen (5 November 2014). "Microtiming in a Riff from Metallica's "Master of Puppets"". Metal in Theory. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  239. ^ "All About Jazz". Archived from the original on 15 November 2002. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
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  242. ^ "Das wohltemperierte Klavier I, BWV 846-869 (Bach, Johann Sebastian) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download". imslp.org. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  243. ^ Fenlon 2002, 90 & 102–106.
  244. ^ "OFFICE OF STRATEGIC INFLUENCE (O.S.I.) BIOGRAPHY". Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  245. ^ "What Makes This Song Great? (Beato, Rick) - Ep.88 KARNIVOOL". youtube.com. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  246. ^ Mason, Kerri (7 March 2014). "Nine Inch Nails' "The Downward Spiral" at 20: Classic Track-By-Track". Billboard. Retrieved 15 March 2021. Peaking at 269 BPM and weaving in and out of a maddening 29/8 time signature, it's as ballistic as Reznor has ever been.
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    4    , but this is completely split up into more unusual sub-groupings: It's 5+5+3+5+5+4+5. [...] The thirty-five beat cycle [of Nairian Odyssey] is generally divided up into a 6
    4    , a 5
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    8    .
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  256. ^ "Split Open and Melt". Phish.net. 10 April 2013. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013. "SOAM's" complex improv segment is notorious for its time signature, which involves three sections of eight eighth-notes and then a fourth section with nine eighth-notes in a steady pulse (listen to Fishman's hi-hat)
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