Beyoncé

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Beyoncé

Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (Template:PronEng;[1] born September 4 1981), commonly known as Beyoncé, is an American R&B singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she enrolled in various performing arts school there, and was exposed to singing and dancing competitions as a child.

Knowles started her musical endeavors alongside her childhood best friends, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of the R&B girl group Destiny's Child. Although they went through public turmoil, including lawsuits and lineup changes, Destiny's Child successfully dominated the music industry, eventually being recognized as the world's best-selling female group of all time. In June 2003, after a series of commercial successes with the group, Knowles released her debut solo album; Dangerously in Love became one of the most successful albums of the year. It also spawned the number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy", earning Knowles five Grammy Awards in a single night in 2004; the wins established her standing among the most successful female artists in the United States. The disbandment of Destiny's Child facilitated her continued pursuit as a solo artist. She released her second album, B'Day, and spawned the UK number-one singles "Déjà Vu" and "Beautiful Liar", as well as the worldwide hit "Irreplaceable".

The success of her albums established her as one of the most marketable artists in the industry. Knowles branched out to the film industry, starring in such Hollywood films as the 2006 comedy The Pink Panther and the 2006 musical film Dreamgirls. The latter earned her two Golden Globe Award nominations: one for acting and another for the Dreamgirls soundtrack, "Listen". She has launched her family's own company and products, including House of Deréon. She has also signed lucrative commercial deals, including one with Pepsi. These business ventures have benefited her charity works.

Aside from co-producing songs, Knowles is recognized as one of the most successful female song-writers. Her involvement on her career, alongside her fashion and image, however, are often a subject of public scrutiny. She has been with long-time boyfriend Jay-Z since 2002, though they have been discreet to the media about their relationship.

Early life and career beginnings

Knowles was born on September 4, 1981 in Houston, Texas to Tina Beyincé, a costume designer and hair stylist of Louisiana Creole descent with an established salon in Houston, and Mathew Knowles, a successful African American record manager and former salesman. The baby girl was baptized with her mother's maiden name, as Tina had decided on the name, even before she bore a daughter, as a tribute to herself and because only a few of Beyincé males carry that name and it, according to her, would eventually become extinct.[2][3] Her maternal grandparents, Lumis Albert Beyincé and Agnéz Deréon (a seamstress), were French-speaking Louisiana Creoles.[3] She is the older sister of Solange Knowles, an actress and singer-songwriter, and cousin to Angela Beyincé, her former personal assistant and a song co-writer.

File:Beyonce Beginnings.jpg
A winning Knowles on a local talent show

Knowles was a soloist in the choir of her church—St. John's United Methodist Church[2]—and attended church every weekend. Knowles was schooled at St. Mary's Elementary School in Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes, including ballet and jazz. Her talent was discovered when her dance instructor started humming a song and she finished it, hitting high-pitched notes.[2] Although her parents had not recognized her as a singer, her teacher proved to them otherwise.[2] Though considered a shy girl, her interest in music and performing unexpectedly began after joining a school talent show. Once she had a moment on the stage, she overcame her shyness and wanted to become a singer and performer.[4] By age seven, Knowles entered to her first talent show; she won the contest, singing John Lennon's "Imagine", and honored with standing ovation.[5][6] In the fall of 1990, Knowles enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnate school in Houston. She would perform on the stage of the Parker's auditorium, together with the school's choir.[2] She also attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts in Houston,[7] and later went to Alief Elsik High School, in the Houston neighborhood of Alief.[3][8]

At eight, not long after she was active on performing arts school, Knowles met LaTavia Roberson while in an audition for a girl group.[9] They were joined to the group that would perform rapping and dancing; Knowles' cousin Kelly Rowland joined them. Originally named Gyrl's Time,[5] they were eventually cut down with remaining six members.[2] With Knowles and Rowland, Gyrl's Time attracted audience nationally; west coast R&B producer, Arne Frager, flew in Houston to see them. He brought them to his studio—The Plant Recording Studios—in Northern California, with Knowles' vocals being focused because Frager thought she has personality and able to sing.[2] With efforts to sign Gyrl's Time to a major deal, Frager's strategy was to debut them in Star Search,[2][4] the biggest talent show on national TV that time; they contested but lost the competition because the song they rendered was not good, as Knowles admitted.[10][11] Knowles had her first "professional setback" after the defeat, but regained the confidence after knowing that then pop stars Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake also had the same fate.[2] To manage the group, Mathew Knowles (who was then a medical-equipment salesman) resigned in 1995 from his job;[12] he dedicated his time and established a "boot camp" for their training.[4] The move reduced Knowles family's income by half,[3] and her parents separated because of the pressure. Not long after the inclusion of Rowland, Mathew cut the original lineup to four,[2] with LeToya Luckett joining in 1993.[9] Rehearsing in Tina's salon and their backyards, the group continued performing as opening act for other established R&B girl groups of the time;[9] Tina helped design their costumes. With the continued support of Mathew, they auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records, only to be dropped months later before they could release an album.[3]

Recording and film career

Destiny's Child's road to fame

Main article: Destiny's Child
File:Destiny2000.jpg
The appearance of Williams (in white) and Franklin (in red) in the music video of "Say My Name" led to the departure of Luckett and Roberson.[9]

Taken from a passage in the Biblical Book of Isaiah, the group changed their name to Destiny's Child.[9] They performed in local events, and, after four years on the road, the group was signed to Columbia Records in late 1997. That same year, Destiny's Child recorded their debut song "Killing Time" for the soundtrack to the 1997 film Men in Black.[9][11]

The following year, the group released their self-titled debut album,[10] spawning hits like "No, No, No". They brought home three awards from the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards.[9] The group rose to stardom after releasing their multi-platinum second album, The Writing's on the Wall, in 1999. The record features some of their biggest hits like "Bills, Bills, Bills", Jumpin' Jumpin'" and "Say My Name". "Say My Name" won for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and Best R&B Song at the 2001 Grammy Awards.[9] The Writing's on the Wall sold more than seven million copies,[10] essentially becoming their breakthrough album.[13][14]

Knowles performing Destiny's Child hit "Independent Women Part I", the best-charting single from the group

Along with their commercial successes, the group engaged in much-publicized turmoil, involving the filing of lawsuit by Luckett and Roberson to their manager, Rowland and Knowles for legal breach of contract. The issue was heightened after Michelle Williams and Farrah Franklin appeared on the video of "Say My Name", implying that Luckett and Roberson were already replaced.[9] Eventually, Luckett and Roberson departed; Franklin, however, faded from the group after five months,[10] as evidenced by her absences during promotional appearances and concerts. Franklin attributed her departure to negative vibes in the group resulting from the strife.[9] After settling on this final lineup, the trior recorded "Independent Women Part I", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film Charlie's Angels. It became their best-charting single, topping the official U.S. singles chart for eleven consecutive weeks;[13][9] the success cemented the new lineup and skyrocketed them to fame.[5] Later that year, Luckett and Roberson withdrew their case against their bandmates, while maintaining the suit against Mathew; it ended in both sides agreeing to stop public disparaging.[9]

Their third album, Survivor, channels the turmoil they underwent, spawning its lead single of the same name, which is a response to the experience.[15] The themes of "Survivor" caused Luckett and Roberson to refile their lawsuit;[9] the cases were settled in June 2002.[14] The album was released in May 2001, debuting at number one on U.S. Billboard 200 with 663,000 units sold.[16] Survivor has sold over ten million copies worldwide, 4.1 of which were sold in the U.S. alone.[17] The album spawned other number-one hits—"Bootylicious" and the title track, "Survivor", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. After releasing their holiday album, 8 Days of Christmas, the group announced their temporary break-up to pursue solo projects.[9]

Going solo and career development

While Knowles was with Destiny's Child, she made appearances as solo artist. In 2000, Knowles was featured on "I Got That" by rapper Amil, which was released from her debut album All Money Is Legal. In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was finishing Survivor, Knowles landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer. Set in Philadelphia, United States, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th century opera "Carmen" by French composer Georges Bizet.[18]

In 2002, Knowles co-starred in the comedy film Austin Powers in Goldmember, playing Foxxy Cleopatra opposite Mike Myers.[19] The movie topped the box office for gaining $73.1 million on its first weekend.[5] Knowles released her first solo single, "Work It Out", for the film's soundtrack.[20] Knowles starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr. in the 2003 comedy film The Fighting Temptations, and recorded "Fighting Temptation", alongside female rappers Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, and Free, for its soundtrack.[21][22]

That same year, Knowles was featured vocalist on her boyfriend Jay-Z's hit single "'03 Bonnie & Clyde".[5] She recorded a version of 50 Cent's "In Da Club" and released it in March 2003.[23] Luther Vandross and Knowles remade the duet "The Closer I Get to You", which was originally recorded by Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway in 1977.[24] Their remake won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals the following year, and Vandross' "Dance with My Father", which also features Knowles, won for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance.[25][26]

Dangerously in Love (2003)

Main article: Dangerously in Love

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After Williams and Rowland released their solo efforts, Knowles dropped her debut solo album, Dangerously in Love, in June 2003.[24] Produced by many musical collaborators, the album contains a combination of uptempo and slow jam songs, and features guest vocals. The album entered the Billboard 200 at number one, selling 317,000 copies in its first week.[16] Certified 4x platinum on August 5, 2004 by the Recording Industry Association of America,[27] the album has sold 4.2 million copies in the Unites States.[28]

"Crazy in Love", featuring a guest rap from Jay-Z, was released as the album's lead single. It became one of the biggest hits of that summer, staying at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for eight consecutive weeks[29] and topping many charts worldwide. Knowles successfully dominated the United Kingdom, simultaneously topping the singles and album charts there.[30][31] "Crazy in Love" became the fourth U.S. best-selling single in 2003[32] and the world's second best-selling single of the same year.[33] "Crazy in Love" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America[27] and considered the "proudest moment" of the album.[34]

Knowles singing "Baby Boy", flanked with two dancers

Towards the end of the summer, "Baby Boy", the second single from Dangerously in Love which features dancehall singer Sean Paul, began to climb the charts. It became one of the biggest hits of 2003, dominating the U.S. radio airplay and spending nine weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100—one week longer than "Crazy in Love" had spent on the chart.[35][36] "Baby Boy" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.[27] "Me, Myself and I" was released as the third single, and Dangerously in Love's fourth and final single, "Naughty Girl", came out in mid-2004; both made the top five of the Billboard Hot 100.[37] Unlike "Crazy in Love", the three singles attained more commercial and immediate success, propelling the album atop the charts and helping it be certified multi-platinum.[38]

Knowles won five at the 2004 Grammy Awards for her solo effort, which included Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Dangerously in Love 2", Best R&B Song for "Crazy in Love" and Best Contemporary R&B Album. Four other female artists hold this record: Lauryn Hill (1999), Alicia Keys (2002) Norah Jones (2003) and Amy Winehouse (2008).[13][39] In 2004, she won a BRIT Award for International Female Solo Artist.[40]

Destiny Fulfilled (2004) and hiatus

Destiny's Child performing their 2000 hit "Say My Name" during their farewell concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled ... And Lovin' It

In 2004, Knowles planned to release a follow-up album because of left-over recordings of Dangerously in Love. However, her musical aspirations were put on hiatus due to conflicting schedules, including her recording with Destiny's Child for their final album.[41] Early this year, Knowles performed the U.S. national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII at Reliant Stadium in Houston, which fulfilled her childhood dream.[42]

After the three-year journey that involved concentration on individual solo projects, Knowles rejoined Rowland and Williams for Destiny Fulfilled, released in November 2004.[9] The album hit number two on the Billboard 200, and spawned "Lose My Breath", "Soldier", "Girl" and "Cater 2 U".[43] In support of the album, Destiny's Child embarked on a 2005 Destiny Fulfilled ... And Lovin' It world tour, which started in April to September of the same year. On the Barcelona, Spain visit, the group announced their disbandment after their final North American leg would end.[44][9] In October 2005, the group released a compilation album, entitled #1's, including all of Destiny's Child's number-one hits and most of their well-known songs. The greatest hits collection also includes three new tracks, including "Stand Up for Love". Destiny's Child was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006.[42] They were also recognized as the world's best-selling female group of all time.[45]

Knowles performing "Listen". The song was originally written for the soundtrack to the 2006 film Dreamgirls, which heavily inspired B'Day.

Knowles co-starred in the film The Pink Panther, playing the role of Xania, an international pop star, opposite Steve Martin, who plays Inspector Clouseau.[46][47] The film was released on February 10, 2006, and debuted at number one at the box office for gaining $21.7 million in its first week.[5] Knowles recorded "Check on It" for the film, featuring Slim Thug, and reached the top spot on the Billboard Hot 100, giving her first number-one hit from a soundtrack.[46]

In late 2005, Knowles again put on hold her second album after she landed a role in Dreamgirls, the film adaptation of the 1981 hit Broadway musical about a 1960s singing group loosely based on Motown all-female group The Supremes; she portrays the Diana Ross-based character Deena Jones.[48][46] Knowles told Billboard: "I'm not going to write for the album until I finish doing the movie."[28] Released in December 2006, Dreamgirls stars Jamie Foxx, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson and many others. Knowles recorded several songs for the film's soundtrack, including the original song "Listen".[49] On December 14, 2006, Knowles was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards for the film—Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and Best Original Song for "Listen".[50] The film won two 2007 Academy Awards, including Best Original Song for "Listen".[51]

B'Day (2006)

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Inspired by her role in Dreamgirls, Knowles worked on her second album without in plan: "[When filming ended] I had so many things bottled up, so many emotions, so many ideas".[52] Knowles collaborated with previous musical collaborators, including Rich Harrison, Rodney Jerkins and Sean Garrett, in Sony Music Studios, New York City. Completed in three weeks, she co-wrote and co-produced nearly all songs included in the album.[53]

B'Day was released worldwide on September 4, 2006 and on September 5, 2006 in the United States to coincide with the celebration of her twenty-fifth birthday. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling more than 541,000 copies in the first week, making it her highest first-week sales as solo artist.[54] The album also had the third-highest debut-sales total of 2006,[55] and has been certified three-times platinum in shipments in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America.[27] Although it was a commercial success, the short-time production of the album was the critics' subject of scrutiny. Rolling Stone's Brian Hiatt said that "while the mostly up-tempo disc never lacks for energy, some of the more beat-driven tracks feel harmonically and melodically undercooked, with hooks that don't live up to 'Crazy in Love' or the best Destiny's Child hits."[56] Despite such, the album was complimented by some, with Gail Mitchell of Billboard writing, "...throughout [the album], she romps with creative abandon, thankfully unafraid of stretching the boundaries lyrically and musically."[57]

The album spawned the UK number-one single "Déjà Vu", the album's first single, featuring Jay-Z. "Ring the Alarm", the second single, became her highest-charting single debut, opening at number twelve on the Billboard Hot 100.[58] Outside North America, "Irreplaceable" was released in October 2006 as the album's second single. Like "Baby Boy", the single received massive airplays, which helped it propel atop the chart.[59] "Irreplaceable" topped the Billboard Hot 100 for ten consecutive weeks, giving Knowles her fourth number-one single.[60] It broke the record "Baby Boy" used to have, surpassing only one week longer; however, it failed to match Destiny's Child's "Independent Women Part I".[61]

File:Beyonce Opening Concert Tour.jpg
Knowles embarked on her month-long The Beyoncé Experience world concert tour in support of the album.

At the 2007 Grammy Awards, Knowles received five nominations, of which she won Best Contemporary R&B Album.[62] The following year, she earned three nominations: Record of the Year for "Irreplaceable", Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals for "Beautiful Liar", as well as Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Dreamgirls soundtrack.[63] Knowles carved a history at the 35th Annual American Music Awards for being the first woman to win International Artist Award.[42]

Knowles re-released B'Day on April 3, 2007 as a deluxe edition, seven months after the release of the original version.[64] It features new tracks, including "Beautiful Liar", which made Billboard history when it jumped from number ninety-four to number three on the Hot 100 on April 2007;[65] and "Amor Gitano", a duet with Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández used as the theme song for the Colombian telenovela Zorro: La Espada y la Rosa. Also included are Spanish-language versions of "Beautiful Liar", "Irreplaceable" and "Listen".[66] Simultaneously, the B'Day Anthology Video Album was released featuring ten videos, including the director's cut of "Listen" and the extended remix of "Get Me Bodied".[67][66] In the week of April 22, the deluxe edition of B'Day and the B'Day Anthology Video Album that includes the song "Still in Love (Kissing You)" was pulled from distribution due to a lawsuit filed by English singer Des'ree.[68][69] The lawsuit is over Knowles cover of Des'ree's 1998 "I'm Kissing You", which was granted permission within certain limits. After the infringement issue, the present version of the re-issue does not include the track.

In support of the album, Knowles embarked on her lengthy The Beyoncé Experience concert tour, visiting over ninety venues worldwide. Knowles started the tour in Japan on April 10, 2007 and concluded it on December 30, 2007 in Las Vegas. The documented footage on September 2, 2007 at Los Angeles' Staples Center was released on November 20, 2007 as The Beyoncé Experience Live! DVD.[70]

New projects

Knowles has started working on her third studio album, although no working title of the new record has been disclosed to the media. As reported by Scratch magazine, producer Timbaland signed to produce the majority of the album.[71] In an interview with producer Rodney Jerkins, he said that the style of the album keeps switching and is inspired by Knowles' upcoming film, Cadillac Records.[72]

Knowles has been casted to play famed blues singer Etta James in the biographical film Cadillac Records, which will be directed by Darnell Martin.[73] Knowles will also star opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in a thriller called Obsessed, which is set to be shot in the summer.[74]

Other ventures

House of Deréon

Knowles and her mother introduced House of Deréon in 2005, a prêt-à-porter contemporary women's fashion line. The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, with the name Deréon paying tribute to Knowles' grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, who worked as seamstress.[75][76] According to Tina Knowles, the style reflects Beyoncé's taste and style.[77] Launched in 2006, products of House of Deréon already received public exhibitions during the group's shows and tours during Destiny Fulfilled.[78][79][76] The store, which is available across the United States and Canada, sells sportswear, denim along with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear.[76] They also include foot wares, which Knowles teamed up with House of Brands, a local shoe company.[80] In 2004, Knowles and her mother already founded Beyond Productions, her family's company, which provided the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon. In early 2008, they also launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a mobile game with an online social networking component, featuring House of Deréon.[81]

Animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has criticized Knowles for wearing and using fur in her clothing line.[3] The organization have sent letters to her, pleading to stop using furs for their clothings. In one incident, PETA set up a dinner with her and fans, who were actually a connivance from the organization. Knowles was confronted with PETA representatives, with whom the latter was escorted out after Tina Knowles came in. The incident generated mixed responses; Knowles did not respond to the issues, although her father was reportedly fighting back.[82]

Products and endorsements

Knowles signed with Pepsi in 2002 for a promotional deal,[83] which included appearances on TV commercials and radio and Internet advertisements. She was included by the company as endorser, to help accomplish wider demographical coverage, as reported.[84] A 2004 Pepsi TV commercial called Gladiators featured Knowles and singers Britney Spears, Pink and Enrique Iglesias,[85] and the following year with Jennifer Lopez and David Beckham called Samurai.[86]

Knowles' range of commercial deals and products also includes beauty cares and perfumes. She signed with cosmetics company L'Oréal, earning her about $1 million.[87] She has launched her own fragrance called True Star, a Tommy Hilfiger scent, in 2004. Singing the cover version of "Wishing on a Star" for the True Star's commercial, she received $250,000 for the campaign.[88] She has also launched Hilfiger's True Star Gold in 2005 and Emporio Armani's Diamonds in 2007.[89]

Philanthropy

Since Knowles was a child, she was already exposed to social awareness as her father would sometimes bring her in the community, including African American society.[2] Knowles and Rowland, along with the former's family, found Survivor Foundation, a charitable entity set up to provide transitional housing for 2005 Hurricane Katrina victims and storm evacuees in the Houston, Texas area.[3] The Survivor Foundation extended the philanthropic mission of the Knowles-Rowland Center for Youth, a multi-purpose community outreach facility in downtown Houston.[3]

In 2005, music producer David Foster, his daughter Amy Foster-Gillies and Knowles wrote "Stand Up for Love" for the anthem of World Children's Day, an event which takes place annually around the world on November 20 to raise awareness and funds for children's causes worldwide. Destiny's Child lent their voices and support as global ambassadors for the 2005 World Children's Day program.[90][3]

Knowles conducted food drives during the visit of The Beyoncé Experience tour in Houston on July 14, Atlanta on July 20, Washington, D.C. on August 9, Toronto on August 15, Chicago on August 18, and Los Angeles on September 2, 2006.[91]

Personal life

File:Jay-z and beyonce.jpg
Knowles and long-time boyfriend Jay-Z

Since 2002, Knowles has been in a relationship with rapper Jay-Z, with whom she has collaborated several times. Rumors began to circulate about their relationship after Knowles is featured on "'03 Bonnie and Clyde".[5] In spite of persistent rumors about their relationship, they remained discreet about it.[92][93] In 2005, hearsays spread about the marriage of the couple; Knowles closed the speculation stating that she and Jay-Z were not even engaged.[94] When asked in September 2007 when the two would marry, Jay-Z replied, "One day soon—let's leave it at that."[95] Laura Schreffler, senior writer for OK! magazine, said, "They are intensely private people".[96]

Style and image

Music and voice

Knowles singing "Dangerously in Love 2", one of her songs usually performed with improvisation of high notes

Knowles has cited various classic artists who influenced her music. She grew up listening to songs of Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, with whom the latter she had eventually collaborated with. She was exposed to the jazz music of Rachelle Ferrell, after singing the latter's songs during her voice lessons.[97] She also cites influences from Mary J. Blige, Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Michael Jackson, Prince, Diana Ross, Donna Summer and Tina Turner,[98] with whom the latter she co-performed during the 50th Grammy Awards.

Knowles, a mezzo-soprano,[99] has since identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child.[100] Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that she has the voice that defines the group.[101] James Anthony of The Guardian called her voice distinctive and fast, with almost hiccuping vocal technique,[14] while Andrew Leahey of All Music Guide claimed her siren-voiced.[102] The Cove magazine ranked Knowles as their seventh among 100 outstanding pop vocalists worldwide, giving her forty-eight out of fifty points based from her vocal ability, ranges and harmony.[103]

Knowles is predominantly contemporary R&B, but includes genres such as dance-pop, funk, pop and soul. Purely releasing English songs, Knowles recorded Spanish for the re-release of B'Day. Destiny's Child had already recorded a Spanish song, and received favorable responses from her Latin fans. She took Spanish in school when she was young, but can speak few words. When the time she was to record those songs, she was coached phonetically by Rudy Perez.[67] She sang French once at the Oscars, and also learned it through coaching.[104]

Songwriting and producing

Since Destiny's Child, Knowles has been artistically involved in her career.[9] She co-wrote most of the songs recorded by the group, and also her solo efforts. Known for writing personally-driven and female-empowerment themed compositions, she has cited that having Jay-Z in her life has changed a few of her attitudes about how men and women relate to one another.[105] Some of her songs are autobiographical, which she admitted taken from personal experiences as well as her friends'.[106]

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Knowles co-produced most of her songs, especially during her solo efforts. Although she do not formulate beats and melodies herself, she would come up with ideas during productions, sharing it with producers.[107] She is credited as co-producer on Dangerously in Love and B'Day as an honor for working with collaborators.

Knowles was recognized as song-writer during Destiny's Child. She won the Songwriter of the Year award at the 2001 American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards,[13] becoming the first African-American female and second overall female songwriter of all time to accomplish.[106][3] The release of "Irreplaceable" cemented her as a professional song-writer; in terms of credits, she tied Diane Warren at third for nine number-one singles. Knowles received three song-writing credits in a single year for co-writing "Irreplaceable", "Grillz" and "Check on It", the only woman to achieve since Carole King in 1971 and Mariah Carey in 1991.[108]

Despite all her song-writer stints since the release of the group's debut album, her involvement was attached to media scrutiny. The Vanity Fair magazine issue, which features Knowles as solo African-American on its cover, fueled issues regarding her song-writing credits. In the magazine, she says, "I had written...seven, eight number one songs with Destiny's Child, in a row."[109] Roger Friedman of FOX News questioned the veracity of her statement; one argument of Friedman was the credit given to Knowles on her hit "Crazy in Love". He pointed out that the song was written by Eugene Record of the Chi-Lites, and was only sampled by Rich Harrison who produced the track.[109] In a 2004 MTV news, it was reported, "...Harrison stepped up and wrote the verses and the hook, leaving the bridge for Beyoncé."[110] Friedman also cited songs from Destiny's Child up to her solo recordings. Another issue spread after Knowles' name was discredited for a nomination given to "Listen" at the 2007 Academy Awards. The Academy's ruling explained that three major contributors should only be recognized during the awarding, and Knowles was the least among the four.[111]

Stage

When she began as solo, Knowles has introduced her stage persona, "Sasha", to channel her identity. She said, "I just wanted people to really hear me, hear my voice and my tastes."[112] Angela Beyincé coined the name Sasha "because she kind of created a different person" while performing.[113]

Knowles performing at the 2007 The Beyoncé Experience, flanked with her dancers. Aback are her all-female tour band, Suga Mama.

In an article entitled "Born to entertain", Knowles, alongside classic and contemporary entertainers, was complimented for her stage performances.[114] Amidst notable appearances, Knowles often received criticisms. Pareles says, "Beyoncé can't keep up with the complex rhythms; onstage, she kept falling behind."[101] Her performance at the former U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant's tomb on July 4, 2003 was cited as lasciviously choreographed; Grant's descendants had mixed reaction to it.[115]

In 2006, Knowles introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama. Months before B'Day was released, she held an audition among female musicians across the United States, which concluded in June.[116] The performing ensemble includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists.[117] The band debuted in public on the music video of "Irreplaceable"; they re-appeared on "Green Light".[67] The band backed up Knowles during her 2007 The Beyoncé Experience world concert tour. In addition, they appeared on small shows wherever Knowles would be performing.

Image

Knowles is one of the regarded sexually appealing artists in the industry. She has been known in media for her curvaceous body that is complemented with her choice of clothing,[118] and has been tagged as famous for it.[119] According to her, "I like to dress sexy and I carry myself like a lady"; but said that the way she dress on stage is absolutely for the stage."[120] While she fonded of fashion, Knowles combines its art to her music videos and performances. According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, she uses different style and try to harmonize it with the music while performing.[121] Evident on the "Déjà Vu" music video, more than 2,000 fans petitioned it to be re-shoot, citing several reasons including its "over-the-top wardrobe choices".[122] The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed a much fashion-oriented footages, depicting classic to contemporary styles of wardrobes.[123] People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity in 2007.[124] Knowles' mother wrote a 2002-published book, Destiny's Style: Bootylicious Fashion, Beauty and Lifestyle Secrets From Destiny's Child, an account of how fashion had an impact to Destiny's Child's success.[125]

File:Beyonce Sports Illustrated.jpg
Knowles holds the distinction as the first non model and non athlete to pose for the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.

Despite all these, Knowles has been a source of rumors and a subject of public ridicule. As one of the media-exposed black artists in the United States, Knowles often received criticisms due to racism and sexism.[126] A fan of her points out, "[Knowles] portrays herself as a sex symbol rather than an artist."[127] Toure of the Rolling Stone stated that since the release of Dangerously in Love, "Beyonce has become a crossover sex symbol a la Halle Berry..."[128] Her appearance on the Vanity magazine also provoked issues that her skin tone was digitally altered.[6]

In 2007, Knowles was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, the first non model and non athlete woman to pose on the issue and the second African American—model Tyra Banks was the first.[42] The same year, Knowles appeared on billboards and newspapers across the United States showing her holding an antiquated cigarette holder. Taken from the back cover of B'Day, the image provoked response from an anti-smoking group, stating that she needed not to add the cigarette holder "to make herself appear more sophisticated".[129]

Influence

Knowles has influenced various contemporary artists. Dubbed as Bajan Beyoncé,[130] pop-R&B singer Rihanna is often compared to her. Canadian singer of the same genre, Keshia Chanté, had also an impact from Knowles, citing that her influences, alongside other artists, took her to record songs for her debut album of the same name.[131]

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of All Music Guide found American pop singer Katharine McPhee's songs in her debut album of the same name have heavy influences of Knowles' music.[132] Rowland was inspired by Knowles through her voice, while recording the former's second album, Ms. Kelly.[133]

Discography

Main article: Beyoncé Knowles discography
Studio albums

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
2001 Carmen: A Hip Hopera Carmen Brown Television film
2002 Austin Powers in Goldmember Foxxy Cleopatra Debuted at number one; grossed $296,633,907 worldwide[134]
2003 The Fighting Temptations Lilly Debuted at number three; grossed $32,445,215 worldwide[135]
2004 Fade to Black Herself Music documentary about Jay-Z
2006 The Pink Panther Xania Debuted at number one; grossed $158,399,967 worldwide[136]
Dreamgirls Deena Jones Peaked at number three; grossed $153,465,956 worldwide
2008 Cadillac Records Etta James Filming
2009 Obsessed Alexius Pre-production

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