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Yankee Stadium

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For the ballpark used by the Yankees until 2008, see Yankee Stadium (1923).
For other places with the same name, see Yankee Stadium (disambiguation).
Yankee Stadium
New Yankee Stadium
File:Yankee Stadium logo.png

Yankee Stadium's first public event, a Yankees batting practice session
Map
LocationEast 161st Street & River Avenue, Bronx, New York
Coordinates40°49′45″N 73°55′35″W / 40.82917°N 73.92639°W / 40.82917; -73.92639
OwnerNew York Yankees
(land leased from the City of New York)
OperatorNew York Yankees
Capacity52,325[2]
Field sizeLeft Field - 318 ft (96.9 m)
Left-Center - 399 ft (121.6 m)
Center Field - 408 ft (124.3 m)
Right-Center - 385 ft (117.3 m)
Right Field - 314 ft (95.7 m)
SurfaceGrass
Construction
Broke groundAugust 16, 2006
OpenedApril 3, 2009
Construction costUS $1.6 billion[1]
ArchitectPopulous
Tenants
New York Yankees (MLB) (2009- )

Yankee Stadium is the home ballpark for the New York Yankees. It replaced the previous Yankee Stadium, built in 1923. The new ballpark was constructed across the street, northwest of the 1923 Yankee Stadium, on the former site of Macombs Dam Park in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The first game at the new Yankee Stadium was played on April 3, 2009, when the Yankees hosted one of two exhibition games against the Chicago Cubs.[3] The first regular-season game is scheduled to be played on April 16, 2009 when the Yankees host the Cleveland Indians.

Although the stadium began construction in August 2006, the project of building a new stadium for the Yankees is one that has spanned many years and faced many controversies. Financing for the stadium has been a very divisive issue, with New York City citizens criticizing the city's decision to use funds to build the sports venue, instead of using it for other pressing issues. The projected total cost of the stadium is $1.5 billion, making it the second most expensive stadium in the world after Wembley Stadium.[1]

History

Planning

Team owner George Steinbrenner began a visible campaign for the building of a new stadium in the 1980s, going to the extreme of making statements alleging unsafe conditions around Yankee Stadium; such stirring of public fear was remarkable, considering that such statements could tend to discourage attendance at his own team's games. Among the options allegedly considered by the Yankee ownership was moving the team across the Hudson River to New Jersey.[citation needed]

Days before leaving office in December 2001, New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani announced "tentative agreements" for both the New York Yankees and New York Mets to build new stadiums. Of $1.6 billion sought for the stadiums, city and state taxpayers would pick up half the tab for construction, $800 million, along with $390 million on extra transportation.[4] The plan also said that the teams would be allowed to keep all parking revenues, which state officials had already said they wanted to keep to compensate the state for building new garages for the teams.[5] The teams would keep 96% of ticket revenues and 100% of all other revenues, not pay sales tax or property tax on the stadium, and would get low-cost electricity from New York state.[5] Business officials criticized the plan as giving too much money to successful teams with little reason to move to a different city.[5]

Michael Bloomberg, who succeeded Giuliani as mayor, exercised the escape clause in the agreements to back out of both deals, saying that the city could not afford to build new stadia for the Yankees and Mets. Bloomberg said that unbeknownst to him, Giuliani had inserted a clause in this deal which loosened the teams' leases with the city and would allow the Yankees and Mets to leave the city on 60 days' notice to find a new home elsewhere if the city backed out of the agreement.[4][5] At the time, Bloomberg said that publicly funded stadiums were a poor investment. Under Bloomberg, the New York City government would only offer public financing for infrastructure improvements; the teams would have to pay for the stadium themselves. Bloomberg called the former mayor's agreements "corporate welfare." Giuliani had already been instrumental in the construction of taxpayer-funded minor league baseball facilities KeySpan Park for the Mets' minor league Brooklyn Cyclones and Richmond County Bank Ballpark for the Staten Island Yankees.

Construction

New Yankee Stadium under construction, June 28, 2008

Groundbreaking ceremonies for the stadium took place on August 16, 2006, the 58th anniversary of Babe Ruth's death, with George Steinbrenner (the Yankees' owner), Michael Bloomberg (the Mayor of New York City) and George Pataki (then the Governor of New York) among the notables donning Yankees hard hats and wielding ceremonial shovels to mark the occasion.[6][7] The Yankees continued to play in the previous Yankee Stadium during the 2007 and 2008 seasons while their new home stadium was built across the street.

During construction of the Stadium, a construction worker named Gino Castignoli, an avid Boston Red Sox fan, buried a replica David Ortiz jersey underneath the visitors' dugout with the objective of placing a hex on the Yankees, much like the Curse of the Bambino that had plagued the Red Sox long after trading Babe Ruth to the Yankees. After Castignoli was exposed by co-workers, he was forced to help exhume the jersey.[8] The Yankees organization then donated the retrieved jersey to the Jimmy Fund, a charity started in 1948 by the Red Sox' National League rivals, the Boston Braves, but long championed by the Red Sox and particularly associated with Ted Williams.[9][10] Castignoli has since claimed to have buried a 2004 American League Championship Series program/scorecard, but has not said where he placed it.[11]

Financing

Rather than the $800 million value affixed to the stadium (which is for the stadium and not for the parking garages, highway improvements and other items associated with the construction), independent analysts have set the tab for the complete project closer to $1.3 billion. The city's share includes allowing the Yankees to occupy 22 acres (89,000 m2) of Macombs Dam Park and John Mullaly Park (which is already used for stadium parking on game days), and to build parking garages on those parks. City-funded artificial surface will be placed on top of those parking garages to make up for the lost parkland. The city would retain ownership of the land, but would not charge the Yankees rent or property taxes. In addition, the city would foot the bill for acquiring scattered parcels of land near the waterfront, about a half-mile away, and building smaller parks as replacements there. The cost of renovating the existing parkland would be about $25 million; building new parkland will cost $150 million. That cost includes demolition costs for the historic Yankee Stadium, which would be completely torn down. The building's destruction would be paid for entirely by the city and replaced with parkland. The city will also issue tax-exempt bonds for the Yankees' new stadium. The Yankees would repay those bonds with payments in lieu of taxes; the Yankees have not paid taxes.

View from right field upper-deck during the first contest held at Yankee Stadium, April 3, 2009

The Yankees have arranged for the lease on Yankee Stadium to be classified as an "operating lease", even though many accountants think that the Yankees' early involvement in the building of the stadium should have precluded operating lease accounting. This is extremely important to the financing because it means that the Yankees will be able to keep significantly more revenue from the stadium and will not have to share it with the rest of Major League Baseball.

New York state taxpayers will pay $70 million to help the Yankees build parking garages (as authorized by the State Legislature). The parking garage project would cost $320 million. City and State taxpayers will forgo up to $7.5 million annually in lost taxes resulting from the sale of $225 million in tax-exempt bonds authorized on October 9, 2007, by the New York City Industrial Development Agency (administered by the New York City Economic Development Corporation) to finance construction and renovation of the parking garages.[12][13] However, if the parking revenues are not enough to pay a reported $3.2 million land lease to the City of New York, the entity that will operate the parking garages and collect revenue will be able to defer that payment.[14] State taxpayers, through money that has accumulated from the MTA's budget since the 1980s, will also pay all of the costs of a train station on the Metro-North commuter railroad.

In addition to the public subsidies and billions of dollars of increased revenue, the Yankees will benefit from a change to Major League Baseball's 2002 collective bargaining agreement (CBA) that deducts new-stadium building costs from a team's net local revenue, which in turn reduces a team's revenue-sharing payments. For the Yankees,the largest contributor to the revenue sharing pool with roughly $300 million in overall revenues, this rule means 40 percent of their share of the price tag may be borne by the remaining 29 baseball teams. All told, the Yankees and the taxpayers can each expect to pay about $450 million, and the Yankees will cover the remaining costs from diverting revenue sharing payments that would have been paid to the other baseball teams.

Lonn Trost, the Chief Operating Officer of the Yankees, confirmed in February 2008 that the new stadium would retain its original name, Yankee Stadium.

Features

Design

The Indiana limestone exterior, shown at Gate 4, circles the actual stadium structure.

The new stadium, designed, by Populous (formerly HOK Sport), is meant to be very similar in design to the original Yankee Stadium, both in its original 1923 state and its post-renovation state in 2008. The Indiana limestone exterior is a wall circling the perimeter of the new stadium, and it resembles the original exterior of the 1923 Yankee Stadium. The interior is a modern ballpark, with increased amenities, and the playing field closely resembles the previous ballpark before its closing. The seats are laid out similar to the original stadium's stands, while the field dimensions for the outfield fences are exactly the same as they were in the original facility prior to closing. Additionally, the wall beyond the bleacher seats is "cut out" to reveal the subway trains as they pass by.

The frieze that lined the roof of the original Yankee Stadium from 1923-1973 is replicated in its original location.

The roof of the new facility features a replica of the frieze that was a trademark of the previous ballpark. In the original Yankee Stadium, a copper frieze originally lined the roof of the upper deck stands, but it was torn down during the 1974–75 renovations and replicated atop the wall beyond the bleachers. The new stadium replicates the frieze in its original location along the upper deck stands. The Yankees use this frieze as a marketing tool on television and in print, and have allowed the sporting-goods chain Modell's to use it, as well.

The Great Hall is situated along the southern front of the stadium.

Between the perimeter wall and actual stadium facility is the enclosed "Great Hall", which features more than 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of retail space, a significant increase from the original Yankee Stadium. The Great Hall runs between Gates 4 and 6 and is lined with banners of past and present Yankees superstars.

Monument Park

Monument Park, which features the Yankees' retired numbers, as well as monuments and plaques dedicated to distinguished Yankees players and managers, has been relocated from its location beyond the left field fences in the original Yankee Stadium to its new location beyond the center field fences at the new facility. The newly relocated Monument Park is now situated under a restaurant covered in black tinted glass, which serves as the batter's eye. The new location of the monuments is meant to mirror their original placement in center field at the original pre-renovation Yankee Stadium, albeit when they were on the playing field. The transfer of Monument Park from the old stadium to the new stadium began on November 10, 2008. [15] The first monuments were put in place on February 23, 2009.[16] Yankees closer Mariano Rivera requested that the Yankees add a door to connect the Yankees' bullpen to Monument Park, in order to allow Yankees relievers access to it. The organization complied with his request.[17]

Amenities and facilities

On June 18, 2008, the Yankees announced two new restaurants will open in the new stadium, and will be open year round. A Hard Rock Cafe and a new restaurant named NYY Steak are both located beyond right field. The Hard Rock Cafe does not have a view of the field, while NYY Steak does. The Hard Rock Cafe at Yankee Stadium officially opened on March 30, 2009 and an opening ceremony took place on April 2, 2009.[18]

Due to the sports bar in center field, approximately 600 bleacher seats in the right and left field bleachers have obstructed views that will cause fans to miss any action occuring deep in the opposite outfield. To combat this, the Yankees installed TV monitors on the sides of the sports bar so fans will still be able to follow the action. In response to the criticisms and objections of fans and media, the Yankees reduced the price of these obstructed-view seats from $12 to $5.[19][20]

Access and transportation

The new stadium is served by the same station complex as the current stadium: 161st Street–Yankee Stadium of the New York City Subway. Metro-North Railroad has constructed a new commuter rail station to serve the stadium; the station will routinely see Hudson Line train service, but on game days, Harlem Line and New Haven Line trains will also platform there, as well as shuttle trains from Grand Central Terminal. The stadium will also be served by multiple bus lines and have ferry service. The Yankee Stadium-153rd Street Station will open to customer traffic on May 23, 2009.[21]

Aside from existing parking lots and garages serving the stadium, construction for additional parking garages is planned. The New York State Legislature agreed to $70 million in subsidies for a $320 million parking garage project. On October 9, 2007, the New York City Industrial Development Agency approved $225 million in tax-exempt bonds to finance construction of three new parking garages that will have 3,600 new parking spaces, and renovation of the existing 5,569 parking spaces nearby.[22] Plans initially called for a fourth new garage, but this was eliminated before the final approval. The garages will be built (and renovated) by the Community Initiatives Development Corporation of Hudson, N.Y., a nonprofit entity that will use the parking revenue to repay the (...?) and pay a $3 million yearly land lease to the City of New York. Parking is expected to cost $25 per game.[22]

Metro-North station

Main article: Yankees-E. 153rd Street (Metro-North station)

On May 21, 2007, Crain's New York reported that the Metropolitan Transportation Authority concluded an agreement with the City of New York to design and build a new commuter rail station on the Metro-North Commuter Railroad's Hudson Line, which runs adjacent to Yankee Stadium. The MTA has indicated that trains from all three Grand Central Terminal-based lines will serve the stadium on game days. The MTA awarded a Design-Build contract to CCA-Halmar, and a construction management contract to DMJM+Harris. The new station, intended to handle 10,000 commuters on game days, has cost $91 million; the city paid $39 million, with MTA paying the rest.[23]

This project had been promoted for several decades, and in the MTA's annual budget since the 1980s. Despite being part of the old Yankee Stadium renovation plan during the 1970s, plans for the station did not go ahead until the impetus from New Yankee Stadium.

The new station will provide service to all three Metro North lines (Hudson, Harlem and New Haven) via existing track connections that are not normally used for revenue passenger services. Approximately ten trains before and after the games will serve the station and will allow riders to leave from and travel to stations on all three Metro North lines.[24] A shuttle train will also transport fans between the stadium and Grand Central Terminal, potentially helping to reduce traffic on the subway lines used to connect to New Jersey Transit and Long Island Railroad trains at Penn Station.

Public opinion

Objections

The New Yankee Stadium before the first game against the Chicago Cubs on April 3rd, 2009.

The stadium project has been criticized by community groups, urban planners, and parks, health, and public transportation advocates. In the fall of 2005, Bronx Community Board 4 voted against the project (the board's decisions are nonbinding). Opponents have contended that a private business should not have received more than $400 million in public subsidies for a project that would provide only limited benefit to the local community.

Opponents also object to the demolition of the country's fourth-oldest, and arguably most historic, baseball park—the first to be called a "stadium"—and which has become one of the beloved venues in all of American sports.

Some of the most vehement objections, however, have come from neighborhood residents. Unlike previous stadium discussions, this one was perceived to have taken place in the absence of any community input. First, the Yankees obtained approval from key legislators prior to publicly announcing their plan, pre-empting any opportunity for negotiation. Then, in the days after the stadium's design was unveiled, the New York State Legislature transferred Macombs Dam and John Mullaly Parks without a public hearing. Opponents maintained that this action violated state and federal laws, which were designed to protect parkland.

City officials, including then-Bronx Borough President Adolfo Carrión, Jr., announced that the parkland that was taken would be replaced with "better" parks. Community groups countered that the new parks would be small and scattered throughout the borough, compared with the then-existing 22 acres (89,000 m2) of central, continuous open space. The plan would build parks on the Harlem River waterfront, which is one mile (1.6 km) distant from the current parkland and access would require travelling under an interstate highway and over railroad tracks. Ten acres of the replacement parks would be built on an artificial surface atop new parking garages; these parks would be closed to accommodate fans' cars on the 81 home game days, which account for almost half of the days during the six-month baseball season. Other parks would be built on the 9-acre (36,000 m2) site of Yankee Stadium, which will undergo complete demolition starting in 2009. The city has agreed to pay $150 million for the new parks and to demolish Yankee Stadium. Health advocates are concerned about the effect of increasing exhaust fumes and loss of 377 mature trees on this Bronx neighborhood, which reportedly has one of the highest childhood asthma rates in the United States.

Parks advocates contend that the Yankees have taken advantage of the surrounding neighborhood, which comprises the poorest congressional district in the United States. Comparisons have been made to other neighborhoods, such as those surrounding Prospect Park in Brooklyn and Central Park in Manhattan, where parkland has historically been protected from the incursion of private business.

Community groups had proposed that the Yankees use several available parcels of land south of East 161st Street to build their new stadium, or to renovate the old stadium. The latter proposal was rejected by the Yankees, as it would have required temporary relocation of the club to Shea Stadium, similar to what was done for the renovation during the 1974-75 seasons, a move that George Steinbrenner stated on several occasions would never be repeated. Renovation of the old park would have also required retrofitting what the Yankees maintain is an antiquated structure, and which would not have solved the issue of insufficient luxury box space, which is widely viewed as a key factor in the Yankees' desire for a completely new stadium in the first place. It should be noted that a 1998 plan estimated the cost of stadium renovation at about $200 million, with an additional cost of about $25 million for park restoration.

Although the Yankees and some public officials have argued that Yankee Stadium is "falling apart", the city's Buildings Department, which examines all city-owned buildings (including Yankee Stadium) annually, concluded that the stadium is, overall, structurally sound, despite a 1998 accident where one of the stadium's support beams collapsed hours before a game was scheduled to be played.[25]

Supporting views

City officials, including Mayor Michael Bloomberg, say the neighborhood will benefit from the new stadium, even with the two large parks being replaced with much smaller and scattered segments of parkland. Yankees President Randy Levine says a new stadium will create thousands of jobs for the community. The New York City Economic Development Corporation, whose members are appointed by the mayor, says the stadium would increase the city’s tax base by $96 million over a 30-year period, (a figure considerably smaller than the $450 million the public is chipping in to bring the new stadium to life). Moreover, the Yankees have claimed that stadium renovations would eventually become so expensive as to provide no advantage over replacing the venue.

It also ensures that the Yankees will remain in New York City for the next several decades. In the 1980s, the Yankees flirted publicly with relocating to the Meadowlands Sports Complex, saying that fans—many of whom live outside New York City itself—were unwilling to travel to the South Bronx for games, mostly because of traffic concerns (the current stadium can be accessed by subway, but not by Metro-North) and crime concerns outside the stadium. Even when the team won the 1996 World Series, few weekday home games drew crowds much beyond half the stadium's capacity, and some did not exceed 20,000 spectators. The recent upswing in attendance, partially due to $5.00 tickets for selected mid-week night games since 2002 (the Yankees have attracted 4 million fans a season each year since 2005, averaging nearly a sellout every game) has rendered those arguments moot.

Finally, supporters of the new stadium point out that the New Yankee Stadium actually resembles the original "classic" Yankee Stadium more than the current structure (due to the 1974-75 renovations). The original Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium, designed for football, track meets, and non-sports related gatherings, as well as baseball. The new venue will be a baseball-only stadium.

Stadium comparison

The field dimensions at the new stadium are identical to those existing at the older Yankee Stadium when it closed in 2008 (as opposed to the dimensions when it opened in 1923).[26] The new stadium seats 51,000 fans (with a total capacity of approximately 53,000 with standing room), compared to 57,545 in the older stadium. The new stadium's seating is spaced outward in a bowl, unlike the stacked-tiers design at the old stadium. This design places most fans farther back but lower to the field. Lower-level seats number approximately 30,000 (compared with 20,000 in the older Stadium), with about 20,000 seats in the upper deck. The stadium has a split upper-deck design seen in new stadiums such as Citizens Bank Park, with seating sections above and below the upper concourse and a view of the field from the concourse itself. There are about half as many bleacher seats as the older Stadium's 7,500, but 2,000 standing room spots are added. Each level of seating at the new stadium contains a "premium seating" section. These sections contain cushioned seats, cup holders, and access to private bars/clubs and restrooms. These sections are mostly placed behind home plate and seats within these sections are much more expensive. [27]

Statistic Old Stadium [2008] New Stadium
Opening Day April 18, 1923 April 16, 2009 (scheduled)
Capacity 56,866 52,325 (includes standing room)
Seat width 18" to 22" (46 to 55 cm) 19" to 24" (48 to 61 cm)
Legroom 29.5" (75 cm) 33" to 39" (84 to 99 cm)
Concourse width
(average) 		17 ft (5.2 m) 32 ft (9.8 m)
Cup holders None All seats in general seating bowl
Luxury suites 19 56
Team stores 6,800 sq ft (630 m2) 11,560 sq ft (1,074 m2)
Restroom ratio 1 per 89 fans 1 per 60 fans
Public elevators
(passenger lifts) 		3
(Otis Traction) 		16
(Otis Gen2 MRL Traction)
Video scoreboard 25' by 33'
(7.6 x 10.1 m)
(Standard Definition LED) 		59' by 101'
(18 x 30.8 m)
(High Definition LED)
Distance from Home Plate to:  
Backstop
72' 4" (22.05 m)
52' 4" (15.95 m)
Left Field 318' 318' ( 96.9 m)
Left Center 399' 399' (121.6 m)
Center Field 408' 408' (124.4 m)
Right Center 385' 385' (117.3 m)
Right Field 314' 314' ( 95.7 m)
Source: The New York Yankees [26]

Yankee Stadium Firsts

Before the official Opening Day on April 16, 2009, the Yankees hosted a two-game exhibition series at the Stadium against the Chicago Cubs.

Statistic Exhibition Game
April 3, 2009 		Opening Day
April 16, 2009
Ceremonial First Pitch Reggie Jackson -
First Pitch Chien-Ming Wang -
First Batter Aaron Miles (Cubs) -
First Hit Aaron Miles (Cubs) -
First Yankees Batter Derek Jeter -
First Yankees Hit Derek Jeter -
First Home Run Robinson Cano
First Win Chien-Ming Wang -
First Save Jonathan Albaladejo -

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080917&content_id=3492753&vkey=news_nyy&fext=.jsp&c_id=nyy
  2. ^ http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/nyy/ballpark/new_stadium_comparison.jsp
  3. ^ http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081117&content_id=3682516&vkey=news_nyy&fext=.jsp&c_id=nyy
  4. ^ a b "Bonus Season for Baseball", The New York Times, January 17, 2002
  5. ^ a b c d Bagli, Charles V. (January 16, 2002), "Bloomberg Says Details On Stadiums Were Omitted", The New York Times
  6. ^ Yankees break ground on new $1 billion home ESPN.com, August 16, 2006
  7. ^ New Yankee Stadium MLB.com
  8. ^ "Yankees dig deep to rid new Stadium of curse", The Guardian, April 17, 2007
  9. ^ Jimmy Fund Auctions Buried Red Sox Jersey On eBay WBZ-TV, Boston, from CBS and The Associated Press, April 17, 2008, retrieved on July 19, 2008
  10. ^ History of the Jimmy Fund, retrieved on July 19, 2008
  11. ^ Yanks May Be Scratching Surface of Sox Items at New Stadium - New York Times
  12. ^ NYC Industrial Development Agency Authorizes Financing Assistance for New Stadiums for Yankees and Mets, Press Release from the New York City Economic Development Corporation, July 11, 2006, retrieved on July 21, 2008.
  13. ^ Egbert, Bill. " Stadium garage plan gets OK; Carrion drops opposition", Daily News (New York), October 16, 2007. Accessed September 24, 2008.
  14. ^ Curveball Thrown at Public With Yankee Stadium Garages Daily News (New York), October 10, 2007, retrieved on July 21, 2008.
  15. ^ http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081110&content_id=3673433&vkey=news_nyy&fext=.jsp&c_id=nyy
  16. ^ Coffey, Wayne (2009-02-25). "Babe Ruth, other monuments settle in new Yankee Stadium home". Daily News. Retrieved 2009-03-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Yes Network broadcast of Yankees vs. Cubs, Apr. 3 2009.
  18. ^ New York Yankees-owned steakhouse will be part of new stadium from the New York Daily News
  19. ^ http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/wednesday/news/ny-sptixbox256048548feb25,0,878164.story
  20. ^ http://www.newsday.com/sports/ny-sptix2612496709feb26,0,5172494.story
  21. ^ MTA Press Release, April 1, 2009
  22. ^ a b N.Y.C. IDA Approves $325.3 Million, Most for Yankee Stadium Garages, The Bond Buyer, October 10, 2007
  23. ^ Yankee stadium station gets Metro-North nod
  24. ^ New Yankee Stadium train station to lure suburban fans, The Journal News, October 29, 2006
  25. ^ Kennedy, Randy. Baseball; Yankee Stadium Closed as Beam Falls Onto Seats, The New York Times, April 14, 1998. Retrieved on July 8, 2008.
  26. ^ a b New Yankee Stadium Comparison, New York Yankees, retrieved on September 26, 2008
  27. ^ Yankees Premium Seating
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