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Resident Evil

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This article is about the media franchise. For the first game in the franchise, see Resident Evil (video game). For other uses, see Resident Evil (disambiguation).
Resident Evil series
Created byShinji Mikami
Original workResident Evil
Print publications
Novel(s)The Umbrella Conspiracy
Caliban Cove
City of the Dead
Underworld
Nemesis
Code Veronica
Zero Hour
ComicsComics
Films and television
Film(s)Resident Evil
Resident Evil: Apocalypse
Resident Evil: Extinction
Resident Evil: Afterlife
Resident Evil Degeneration
Games
Video game(s)Resident Evil
Resident Evil: Director's Cut
Resident Evil 2
Resident Evil 3: Nemesis
Resident Evil Code: Veronica
Resident Evil Zero
Resident Evil 4
Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles
Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles
Resident Evil 5

Resident Evil, known in Japan as Biohazard (バイオハザード), is a video game series and media franchise consisting of comic books, novelizations, films, and a variety of collectibles, including action figures, strategy guides and publications.[1] Developed by Capcom and created by Shinji Mikami, the series has sold almost 40 million games as of May, 2009.[2]

Game history

Resident Evil made its 1996 debut on the Sony PlayStation and later on the Sega Saturn. It was a critical and commercial success,[3] leading to the production of two sequels, Resident Evil 2 in 1998 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis in 1999, both for the PlayStation. A port of Resident Evil 2 was released for the Nintendo 64. In addition, ports of all three were released for Windows. The fourth game in the series, Resident Evil Code: Veronica, was developed for the Sega Dreamcast and released in 2000, followed by ports of 2 and 3. Resident Evil Code: Veronica was later re-released for Dreamcast in updated form as Code: Veronica Complete, which included slight changes, many of which revolved around the story cutscenes. Code: Veronica was later ported to PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube under the title Code: Veronica X.

Despite earlier announcements that the next game in the series would be released for the PlayStation 2, which resulted in the creation of an unrelated game titled Devil May Cry, series' creator and producer Shinji Mikami decided to make the series exclusively for the Nintendo GameCube.[4] The next three games in the series: a remake of the original Resident Evil, the prequel Resident Evil Zero and Resident Evil 4, were exclusive to the GameCube, although 4 was later released for Windows, PS2 and Wii. In addition, the GameCube received ports of the previous Resident Evil sequels. The remake of the original Resident Evil and Resident Evil Zero were both released in 2002. Despite this exclusivity agreement between Capcom and Nintendo, Capcom released several Resident Evil titles for the PS2 that were not considered direct sequels.

A trilogy of GunCon-compatible light gun games known as the Gun Survivor series featured first person gameplay. The first, Resident Evil: Survivor, was released in 2000 for the PlayStation and PC, but received mediocre reviews.[5] The subsequent games, Resident Evil: Survivor 2 Code: Veronica and Resident Evil: Dead Aim, fared somewhat better.[6] Dead Aim is actually the fourth Gun Survivor game in Japan, with Gun Survivor 3 being the Dino Crisis spin-off Dino Stalker. In a similar vein, the Chronicles series features first person gameplay, albeit on an on-rails path. Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles was released in 2007 for the Wii, with a follow up, Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles to be released in 2009.

Resident Evil Outbreak is an online game for the PS2, released in 2003, depicting a series of episodic storylines in Raccoon City set during the same time period as Resident Evil 2 and 3. It was followed by a sequel, Resident Evil Outbreak: File 2.

Resident Evil Gaiden is an action-adventure game for the Game Boy Color featuring an RPG-style combat system. Also, a Resident Evil-themed pinball game was released on Game Boy Color. It featured boards with characters, settings, and monsters from the game. There have also been several downloadable mobile games based on the Resident Evil series in Japan. Some of these mobile games have been released in North America and Europe through T-Mobile. It has also been announced at the Sony press conference during E3 2009 that a Resident Evil title will be heading to the PlayStation Portable, entitled Resident Evil Portable.[7]

Main series

Title Year Released Year Takes Place Original Platforms Remake Platforms
Resident Evil 1996 1998 PlayStation PC, Sega Saturn, GameCube, Nintendo DS, PSP, Wii [8]
Resident Evil 2 1998 1998 PlayStation PC, Game.com, Nintendo 64, Dreamcast, GameCube
Resident Evil 3: Nemesis 1999 1998 PlayStation PC, Dreamcast, GameCube
Resident Evil Code: Veronica 2000 1998 Dreamcast PlayStation 2, GameCube
Resident Evil Zero 2002 1998 GameCube Wii
Resident Evil 4 2005 2004 GameCube PC, Wii, PlayStation 2, Mobile Phone, Zeebo
Resident Evil 5 2009 2009 PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 PC

Future

Resident Evil 5 producer Jun Takeuchi said in an interview with 1UP.com that Resident Evil 6 could be a complete reboot.[9][10] Capcom has not decided whether they will make a sixth game yet, but has stated if they do, it could take anywhere between four to eight years to make.[11]

In the "Generation Of Degeneration" video featured on the extras section of the DVD/Blu-ray release of Resident Evil: Degeneration it was stated that a CG movie continuing the events of the series may be released in the future, and that it could focus on the current exploits of Rebecca Chambers.

Survivor series

Title Year Released Year Take Place Original Platforms Ported/Remake Platforms
Resident Evil: Survivor 2000 1998 PlayStation PC (China only)
Resident Evil: Survivor 2 Code: Veronica 2001 1998 Arcade PlayStation 2
Resident Evil: Dead Aim 2003 2002 PlayStation 2 None

Chronicles series

Title Year Released Year Takes Place Original Platforms Ported/Remake Platforms
Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles 2007 1998, 2003 Wii None
Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles 2009 1998, 2002 Wii None

Outbreak series

Title Year Released Original Platforms Ported/Remake Platforms
Resident Evil Outbreak 2003 PlayStation 2 None
Resident Evil Outbreak File #2 2004 PlayStation 2 None

Portable games

Title Year Released Original Platforms Ported/Remake Platforms
Resident Evil Gaiden 2001 Game Boy Color None
Resident Evil: The Missions 2005 Mobile Phone None
Resident Evil Confidential Report 2006 Mobile Phone None
Resident Evil: Deadly Silence 2006 Nintendo DS None
Resident Evil: Genesis 2008 Mobile Phone None
Resident Evil: Degeneration 2008 iPhone/iPod touch None
Resident Evil Portable TBA 2010 PlayStation Portable None

In addition to video games, the plot of Resident Evil has also been adapted into officially licensed materials such as films, comic books, and novels.

Films

A Resident Evil film directed by Paul W. S. Anderson was released in 2002. It was followed by two sequels Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004); Resident Evil: Extinction (2007); with a fourth installment, Resident Evil: Afterlife (2010) currently in the works.

The film series was mostly panned by critics,[12] but reaction from fans was mixed. Some praised the first Resident Evil film for bringing the series to a mainstream audience.[13]

Capcom has also made two unrelated computer animated films, Biohazard 4D-Executer (2000) and Resident Evil: Degeneration (2008).

Novels

The earliest Resident Evil novel was a novella titled Biohazard: The Beginning by Hiroyuki Ariga. It was published in 1997 as a portion of the book The True Story of Biohazard, which was given away as a pre-order bonus with the Saturn version of Biohazard. The story serves as a prelude to the events of the original Resident Evil, in which Chris investigates the disappearance of his missing friend, Billy Rabbitson.

S. D. Perry has written novelizations of the first five games, as well as two original novels taking place between games. Her seven titles are:

  • The Umbrella Conspiracy, a novelization of the first game.
  • Caliban Cove, an original novel set after the first game.
  • City of the Dead, a novelization of Resident Evil 2.
  • Underworld, another original novel set after Resident Evil 2
  • Nemesis, a novelization of the third installment of the franchise.
  • Code: Veronica, a novelization of the homonymous game.
  • Zero Hour, a novelization of the prequel game.

The novels often took liberties with the plot of the games by exploring events occurring outside and beyond the games. This often meant that the games would later contradict the novels by taking the story to a different direction.[14] One notable addition from the novels is the original character Trent, who often served as a mysterious behind-the-scenes string-puller who aided the main characters. Perry's novels were translated and released in Japan with new cover arts by Wolfina.[15] Perry's novels, particularly The Umbrella Conspiracy, also alluded to events in Biohazard: The Beginning, such as the disappearance of Billy Rabbitson and Brian Irons' bid to run for Mayor.

There was also a trilogy of original Biohazard novels in Japan. Hokkai no Yōjū (北海の妖獣, lit. "The Beast of the Northern Seas") was published in 1998 and was written by Kyū Asakura and the staff of Flagship. Two additional novels were published in 2002, To the Liberty by Suien Kimura and Rose Blank by Tadashi Aizawa. While no official English translation of these novels has been published yet, the last two books were translated into German and published in 2006.

Novelizations of the three films, titled Genesis, Apocalypse, and Extinction were written by Keith R.A. DeCandido. Extinction, the novel, was released in late July 2007, several months before the film's release. There was also a Japanese novelization of the first film, unrelated to DeCandido's version, written by Osamu Makino.

Comics

In April 1996, Marvel comics released Resident Evil #1, a free comic, through a Capcom giveaway when the first game was released. It was based on Capcom's game, with art from Bill Sienkiewicz on the cover.

In 1998 Wildstorm began producing a monthly comic book series based on the first two games titled Resident Evil: The Official Comic Magazine, which lasted five issues. The first four issues were published by Image, while the fifth and final issue was published by Wildstorm themselves. Each issue was a compilation of short stories that were both adaptations of events from the games, as well as related side-stories. Like the Perry novels, the comics also explored events occurring beyond Resident Evil 2 (the latest game during the series' publication) and thus were contradicted by later games.

Wildstorm also published a four-issue miniseries titled Resident Evil: Fire & Ice, which depicted the ordeal of Charlie Team, a third STARS team created specifically for the comic. In 2009, Wildstorm announced they'll reprint Fire & Ice in a graphic novel collection.[16]

In Hong Kong, there has been officially licensed Biohazard manhua adaptations of Biohazard 3 and Code: Veronica by Lee Chung Hing. The latter was translated into English and published by Wildstorm as a series of four graphic novel collections.

In 2009, Wildstorm began publishing a comic book prequel to Resident Evil 5, simply titled Resident Evil, which centers around two original members of the BSAA named Mina Gere and Holiday Sugarman. Written by Ricardo Sanchez and illustrated by Kevin Sharpe and Jim Clark, the first issue was published on March 11, 2009. As of May 20, 2009, two issues of the scheduled six issues have been published.[17]

Merchandise

Over the years, various toy companies have acquired the Resident Evil license and each producing their own unique line of Resident Evil action figures or models. These include, but not limited to, Toy Biz, Palisade Toys and Moby Dick (in Japan only). NECA and Hot Toys currently holds a license. Originally the company was only producing figures based on Resident Evil 4, but extended the line to include characters from previous installments. Tokyo Marui also produced replicas of the guns used in the Resident Evil series in the form of gas blow-back airsoft guns. Some models included the STARS Beretta featured in Resident Evil 3, and the Desert Eagle in a limited edition that came with other memorabilia in a wooden case, along with the Gold Lugers from Code: Veronica and the "Samurai Edge" pistol from the Resident Evil remake. Other merchandise includes an energy drink called "T-Virus Antidote". The most recently released merchandise is a set of three action figures, comprised of Chris Redfield and Sheva Alomar, and the Executioner Mojini, a mini-boss in Resident Evil 5.

Sourcebooks

Resident Evil Archives is a reference guide of the Resident Evil series written by staff members of Capcom. It was translated into English and published by BradyGuides. The guide describes and summarizes all of the key events that occur in Resident Evil Zero, Resident Evil, Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, and Resident Evil Code: Veronica. Along with the main plot analysis, it also contains character relationship charts, artwork, item descriptions and file transcripts for all five games. While one of the few video game-based reference guides that was translated into English, the translation was criticized by fans for inconsistencies with the original Japanese version [citation needed], as well as inconsistencies in the official translations provided by the games themselves [citation needed].

Reception

Utilizing heavy horror elements, puzzle solving, and a lot of action, most of the games in the main Resident Evil series have been released to positive reviews. Many of the games, most notably Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 4, have been bestowed with multiple Game of the Year honors[18] and frequently placed on lists of the best games ever made.[19] A common criticism of the series is its odd placement of puzzles. When speaking of Code: Veronica, one critic wrote that the game is "still largely a puzzle-driven (as opposed to plot driven) experience."[20] Capcom has been commended, however, for making an attempt to phase out and better integrate the puzzles, with IGN writing that the puzzles of Resident Evil 4 are "not so obscure that they can't be figured out, and indeed many of them are downright clever."[21]

The success of the Resident Evil series has resulted in Guinness World Records awarding the series eight world records in the Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008. These records include Most Live-Action Movie Sequels, Action-Adventure Game with the Most Novelizations, and the dubious honor of Worst Game Dialogue Ever for the line "Here's a lockpick. It might be handy if you, the master of unlocking, take it with you". The 2009 Gamer's Edition noted the series alongside other long running franchises for its impact and legacy.

Title Console IGN (Out of 10) Gamespot (Out of 10) Metacritic (Out of 100) Gamerankings (Out of 100%)
Resident Evil 0 GameCube 8.2[22] 8.0[23] 83[24] 83.99%[25]
Resident Evil PlayStation 8.7[26] 8.2[27] 91[28] 89.95% [29]
Resident Evil: Director's Cut PlayStation 8.9[30] 6.9[31] N/A 74.29%[32]
Resident Evil GameCube 9.0[33] 8.9[34] 91[35] 89.82%[36]
Resident Evil 2 PlayStation 9.3[37] 8.9[38] 89[39] 92.43%[40]
Resident Evil 3: Nemesis PlayStation 9.4[41] 8.8[42] N/A 88.32%[43]
Resident Evil Code: Veronica DreamCast 9.2[44] 9.5[45] N/A 93.61%[46]
Resident Evil Code: Veronica X PlayStation 2 6.5[47] 9.0[48] 84[49] 82.12%[50]
Resident Evil 4 GameCube 9.8[51] 9.6[52] 96[53] 95.67%[54]
Resident Evil 4 PlayStation 2 9.5[55] 9.3[56] 96[57] 95.67%[58]
Resident Evil 4 Wii Edition Wii 9.0[59] 9.1[60] 91[61] 91.24%[62]
Resident Evil 5 PlayStation 3 9.0[63] 8.5[64] 86[65] 86.92%[66]
Resident Evil 5 Xbox 360 9.0[67] 8.5[68] 85[69] 85.92%[70]
Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles Wii 8.0[71] 7.0[72] 75[73] 75.39%[74]
Resident Evil: Outbreak PlayStation 2 7.6[75] 7.2[76] 71[77] 70.78%[78]
Resident Evil: Outbreak File #2 PlayStation 2 6.5[79] 6.6[80] 58[81] 62.41%[82]

Sales

Sales per single title as of March 31, 2009.[83]

Title Year Platform Sales (in millions)
Resident Evil 5 2009 PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 , PC 5[84]
Resident Evil 2 1998 PlayStation 0.96
Resident Evil 3: Nemesis 1999 PlayStation 0.5
Resident Evil 1996 PlayStation 0.75
Resident Evil 4 2005 PlayStation 2 2.1
Resident Evil 4 2005 GameCube 1.6
Resident Evil 4 Wii Edition 2007 Wii 1.5
Resident Evil: Outbreak 2003 PlayStation 2 0.45
Resident Evil Code Veronica X 2001 PlayStation 2 0.4
Resident Evil 2002 GameCube 1.35
Resident Evil Zero 2002 GameCube 1.25
Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles 2007 Wii 1.2
Resident Evil DC Dual Shock 1998 PlayStation 0.2
Resident Evil Code: Veronica 2000 Dreamcast 1.4
Resident Evil Director's Cut 1997 PlayStation 0.13

Total title sales as of July, 2009.[83]

Title Sales (in millions)
Resident Evil 6.43
Resident Evil 4 5.2
Resident Evil 5 5[84]
Resident Evil 2 4.96
Resident Evil 3: Nemesis 3.5
Resident Evil Code: Veronica 3
Resident Evil: Outbreak 1.45
Resident Evil Zero 2.5
Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles 2.3

In other games

Due to Resident Evil's popularity, Capcom has incorporated references to the series and even actual crossovers with the characters in some of their other titles. Other companies, such as SNK Playmore and Namco, have also incorporated references to the series.

  • Pocket Fighter (1997) - A super deformed fighting game starring Street Fighter and Darkstalkers characters. In one of her combos, Chun Li is dressed as Jill Valentine in her STARS outfit. Akuma's ending in the game also featured a scene in which he fights zombies dressed like those from the original Resident Evil.
  • Breath of Fire III (1998) - There is an enemy in Caer Xhan that is called "Plant 42".
  • Trick'N Snowboarder (1999) - A snowboarding sports game for the Sony PlayStation, featuring Leon, Claire, and a zombie cop from Resident Evil 2 as unlockable characters.
  • SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters Clash (1999) - A card game-based video game for the Neo Geo Pocket Color. Card Fighters Clash featured various trading cards based on Capcom and SNK games, including characters cards of Jill Valentine, Leon S. Kennedy, Claire Redfield, and a zombie from the series, as well as an Action Card called "Escape", which pictures Sherry Birkin fleeing from the mutant G. The mansion from the first game is adapted into a theme park attraction within the game, featuring various references to the series (including two characters named "Chris" and "Mikami"). The sequel (Card Fighters 2: Expand Edition) added two new character cards depicting Chris Redfield and Nemesis. The recent Card Fighters DS featured cards based on Ada Wong and Albert Wesker.
  • Marvel vs. Capcom 2 (2000) - A popular fighting game that has been ported to several home consoles, Marvel vs. Capcom 2 featured an extensive roster of characters from both Marvel Comics and Capcom. Resident Evil's Jill Valentine was one such character. She is armed with most of the weapons she equips in the original Resident Evil and can summon some of the enemy creatures of the series for special attacks, including the rocket launcher and Tyrant respectively. She also uses the game's herbs as a healing assist.
  • Mega Man Legends 2 (2000) - Depending on one's progress in the game; the general store will have a "Game Cartridge" item for sale. The game's title is "Resident Evil 43".
  • Under the Skin (2004) - One level in this sci-fi comedy PlayStation 2 game takes place in a parody of Raccoon City, and features several characters from Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, including Jill Valentine and Carlos Oliveira, as well as the Nemesis itself.
  • Namco x Capcom (2005) - A strategy RPG for the PlayStation 2. Bruce McGivern and Fong Ling from Resident Evil: Dead Aim are playable characters. In the game, Bruce teams up with Regina from the Dino Crisis game series & Fong Ling pairs with Hsien-Ko from the Darkstalkers game series.
  • Viewtiful Joe: Double Trouble! (2005) - Contains a level based on the Resident Evil series, featuring music and enemies from the games, and pictures of villains dressed as Jill, Carlos, Claire and Steve in the background.
  • Dead Rising (2006) - A Capcom game involving zombies. This game contains several Resident Evil references. The most obvious of these is a sandwich restaurant named Jill's Sandwiches in reference to Barry's line in the original Resident Evil.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Enter The Survival Horror... A Resident Evil Retrospective". Game Informer (174): 132–133. October 2007.
  2. ^ "Press Release". CAPCOM. Retrieved March 4, 2008.
  3. ^ Game Informer (174): 132. October 2007. The "multi-million dollar franchise...Capcom's largest" and "the original Resident Evil" is "one of the most important games of all time." {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |resident evil is also available in arcade game at dave and busters title= ignored (help)
  4. ^ "Resident Evil for GameCube Review". GameSpot. April 29, 2002.
  5. ^ "Resident Evil Survivor Review". IGN. September 13, 2000. Retrieved January 27, 2006.
  6. ^ "Resident Evil: Dead Aim Review". GameSpot. June 16, 2003. Archived from the original on 2005-02-08.
  7. ^ "E3 2009: Resident Evil PSP Announced". IGN. June 2nd, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ "Resident Evil: Darkside Chronicles Confirmed for U.S. "Classics" in the franchise are also coming to Wii". IGN. March 12, 2009.
  9. ^ "Resident Evil 5: The Last Of Its Kind?". PSXExtreme. February 23, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
  10. ^ "Resident Evil 5 Blowout". 1Up.com. February 27, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
  11. ^ Official Xbox Magazine (47): 114. 2009 http://www.oxm.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ^ "Reviews of Resident Evil". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 27, 2006.
  13. ^ "Videogame Movies: A Retrospective". IGN Filmforce. October 21, 2005. Retrieved January 27, 2006.
  14. ^ For example, the novel Underworld suggested that Raccoon City was destroyed during an accidental fire after the events of City of the Dead, whereas in Resident Evil 3 it is revealed that the city was destroyed by a nuclear missile launched by the government.
  15. ^ "Snake Heart" (in Japanese).
  16. ^ "NYCC '09 - Wildstorm Panel with Jim Lee, [[Newsarama]], February 7, 2009". {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  17. ^ "Resident Evil solicitations at DC Comics website".
  18. ^ "IGN Presents: The Best of 2005". IGN. 2006. Retrieved January 28, 2006.
  19. ^ "Top 100 Video Games of All Time". Electronic Gaming Monthly (200): 94. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  20. ^ "Resident Evil Code: Veronica Review". GameCritics. April 11, 2000. Retrieved January 28, 2006.
  21. ^ "Review of Resident Evil 4". IGN. January 7, 2005. Retrieved January 28, 2006.
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  83. ^ a b CAPCOM Platinum Titles
  84. ^ a b N4G.com : Resident Evil 5 Sells 5 million Copies
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