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Fordham University

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Fordham University
File:Fordham seal.gif
Fordham University seal
Latin: Universitas Fordhamensis
Former names
St. John's College
MottoTemplate:Lang-la
Motto in English
Wisdom and Learning
TypePrivate, Independent,[1]
Established1841
AffiliationCatholic, Jesuit
EndowmentUS$437.2 million (2008)[2]
PresidentRev. Joseph M. McShane S.J.
Academic staff
681 full time, 475 adjunct
Students14,666
Undergraduates7,994
Postgraduates6,672
Other students
44
Location
New York City
,
New York
,
United States of America
CampusRose Hill (Bronx):
Urban, 85 acres (340,000 m2)
Lincoln Center (Manhattan):
Urban, 8 acres (32,000 m2)
Westchester (West Harrison):
Suburban, 32 acres (130,000 m2)
Louis Calder Center (Armonk):
Rural, 114 acres (0.5 km2)
ColorsMaroon and White    
NicknameThe Rams
AffiliationsA-10, Patriot League (football), MAISA, ECAC, IC4A
MascotRam
Websitehttp://www.fordham.edu

Fordham University is a private university[3] in the United States, with three campuses located in and around New York City. It was founded by the Roman Catholic Diocese of New York in 1841 as St. John's College, placed in the care of the Society of Jesus shortly thereafter, and has since become an independent institution under a lay Board of Trustees which describes the university as "in the Jesuit tradition."[4]

Enrollment at Fordham University includes nearly 8,000 undergraduate students and 7,000 graduate students spread over three campuses in New York State: Rose Hill in The Bronx, Lincoln Center in Manhattan, and Westchester in West Harrison. The university also participates in educational consortia located in the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom. Fordham awards bachelor's (BA, BFA, and BS), master's, and doctoral degrees.[4]

Fordham University is composed of four undergraduate colleges and six graduate schools, including the Fordham Graduate School of Social Service and the Fordham School of Law. The university offers five-year dual-degree BA/BS engineering programs in cooperation with Case Western Reserve University and Columbia University,[5] and a BFA degree program for dance in partnership with the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater.[6]

The university was affiliated with Fordham Preparatory School, a four-year, all-male, college preparatory school, with which it shares its founding. Since legally separating from the university in 1972, "Fordham Prep" moved to its own facilities bordering the northwest corner of the Rose Hill Campus.[7]

History

1841–1900

File:St johns college ny circa 1905.jpg
The original Rose Hill campus, circa 1900

Fordham University was originally founded as St. John's College in 1841 by the Irish-born Coadjutor Bishop (later Archbishop) of the Diocese of New York, the Most Reverend John Joseph Hughes.[8] The College was the first Catholic institution of higher education in the northeastern United States. Bishop Hughes purchased most of Rose Hill Manor and Estate in Fordham, the Bronx, at a little less than $30,000 for the purpose of establishing St. Joseph's Seminary in September 1840.[9] "Rose Hill" was the name originally given to the site in 1787 by its owner, Robert Watts, a wealthy New York merchant, in honor of his family's eponymous ancestral home in Scotland.[8] The seminary was paired with St. John's College, which opened at Rose Hill with a student body of six on June 21, 1841. The Reverend John McCloskey (later Archbishop of New York, eventually to become the first American Cardinal) was its first president, and the faculty were secular priests and lay instructors. The college went through a succession of four diocesan priests in five years as presidents, including Fr. James Roosevelt Bayley, a distant cousin to Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt, and nephew to Elizabeth Bayley Seton who was later the first United States citizen by birth to be canonized.[9] In 1845 the seminary church, Our Lady of Mercy, was built while Bishop Hughes convinced a group of Jesuits, including five from St. Mary's College in Kentucky, to staff the new school, and take over the seminary.

The Administration Building at the Rose Hill campus, constructed circa 1841.

In 1846 St. John's College received its charter from the New York state legislature,[8] and about three months later the first Jesuits began to arrive. Bishop Hughes deeded the college over, but retained title to the seminary property of about nine acres.[9] In 1847, Fordham's first school in what was then New York City proper opened in Manhattan. This school became the independently chartered College of St. Francis Xavier in 1861.[10] It was also in 1847 that the American poet, Edgar Allan Poe, arrived in the Bronx and began a friendship with the Jesuits that would last throughout his years there. In 1849 he wrote "The Bells", to which some traditions credit the college church bells as the inspiration.[9]

The college's early curriculum options consisted of a junior division requiring four years of study in Latin, Greek, grammar, literature, history, geography, mathematics and religion; and a senior division of three years study in poetry (humanities), rhetoric and philosophy. Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, famed commander of the all-black 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry American Civil War regiment, attended the junior division. An Artium Baccalaureus degree was earned for completion of both, where the junior division requirements were met at the associated preparatory school, or at a transfer student's originating institution. An additional year of philosophy would earn a Magister Artium degree.[9] There was also a "commercial" track, similar to a college of business administration concept of today, which was an alternative to the classical Latin-based curriculum and earned a certificate instead of a diploma. In 1855 the first student dramatic production, Henry IV, was presented. The seminary was closed in 1859, and the property was sold to the Jesuits in 1860 for $40,000.[9]

A Congressionial act creating instruction in military science and tactics at the college level resulted in St. John's College bringing a cadet corps to the campus.[9] Over the course of 1885-1890 a veteran of the 7th U.S. Cavalry, Lt. Herbert C. Squires, built a cadet battalion to a strength of 200, which would provide the formal foundation for the modern ROTC unit at Fordham.[9] The college built a science building in 1886, lending more legitimacy to science in the curriculum. In addition, a three-year bachelor of science degree was created.[9] In 1897 academic regalia for students at commencement was first adopted.[9] The process of consolidating the Westchester towns that would eventually comprise the Bronx began in 1874, which would bring St. John's College within the city limits and culminate in 1898 with incorporation of five boroughs, including the Bronx into New York City.[9]

1901–1950

File:Keatinghall.jpg
Keating Hall at the Rose Hill campus circa February 1937.

With the addition in 1905 of a law school and a medical school, the name was changed to Fordham University in 1907 (despite the name of the original college, Fordham has never had any connection with St. John's University). The name Fordham ("ford by the hamlet") refers to the Fordham neighborhood of the Bronx in which the Rose Hill campus is located. This neighborhood was named either as a reference to the colonial settlement that was located near a shallow crossing of the Bronx River, or as a reference to Rev. John Fordham, an Anglican priest.

In 1908, Fordham University Press was established.

In 1912, the university opened a College of Will Yates, which offered a three-year program in pharmacy and did not require its students to obtain bachelor's degrees until the late 1930s. The College had a mainly Jewish student body, and in recognition of that, students were exempt from the then-required course in Catholic theology. The College's longtime dean, Jacob Diner, was also Jewish.[11]

In 1913 the College of St. Francis Xavier was closed, and various Fordham colleges were opened at the Woolworth Building in Manhattan to fill the void. They were later moved to 302 Broadway.

The university closed its medical school in 1919. Citing a lack of an endowment for the school and reduced general university funds due to the First World War, Fordham found itself unable to finance a high-caliber program and felt compelled to close the school rather than provide anything less.[12]

1951–2000

The front of the Leon Lowenstein Building at the Lincoln Center campus.

In 1961, Fordham Law School opened at the new Lincoln Center campus—the first building to open in the Lincoln Square Renewal Project. In 1969, the colleges at 302 Broadway were moved to the new Lowenstein Building on the Lincoln Center campus, and other colleges soon followed. At the Rose Hill Campus, the all-female Thomas More College began instruction in 1964. The campus was now co-ed, even though classes and dorms were not.[13]

In 1967 Bensalem College, an experimental college with no set curriculum or requirements and no grades, was started by then President Leo McLaughlin, S.J. It was conceived and led by poet Elizabeth Sewell. The college was studied by a wide array of educators and reported on by such large-circulation publications of the day as Look, Esquire and the Saturday Review. The school closed in 1974.[14]

In 1969, the board of trustees was reorganized to include a majority of non-clergy members, and officially made the University an independent institution. The College of Pharmacy closed because of declining enrollment in 1972. Fordham College at Rose Hill became coeducational in 1974, as a result of the merger with Thomas More College.

Since its opening in 1968, the undergraduate college in Manhattan has had its name changed from "The Liberal Arts College" to "The College at Lincoln Center" and in 1996 to "Fordham College at Lincoln Center". In 1993, a twenty thousand-story residence hall was added to the campus to house 8 graduate and undergraduate students.

2001–present

Marymount College, an independent women's college founded in 1907 by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary (R.S.H.M.) was consolidated into Fordham University in July 2002. It had been steeped in financial hardship since the 1970s. Located 25 miles (40 km) north of New York City in Tarrytown, New York, the campus was home to a woman's undergraduate college, and a branch of Fordham College of Liberal Studies, as well as extensions of the graduate schools of education, social service, and business administration.

In August 2005, the University announced a multi-year, $1 trillion proposed master plan to add 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m2) of academic, student activities, and dormitory space to the Lincoln Center campus. The development of the campus will begin with the expansion of Quinn Library and the construction of a new Law School building, a new student center, a dormitory, and additional parking. Future phases of the development plan include the construction of new space for Fordham College of Liberal Studies, Fordham College at Lincoln Center, the Graduate School of Business, the Graduate School of Social Service, and the Graduate School of Education.[15] In 2007, responding to unforeseen objections and concerns from the Upper West Side community, Fordham launched a "neighbors" site designed to answer community concerns about the Lincoln Center campus expansion. The plans for the Lincoln Center campus are part of a university-wide plan to enhance the quality of education at Fordham in an effort to become the prominent and preeminent Catholic institution of higher learning in America. The first part of the strategic plan is entitled Toward 2016, with intent to achieve significant goals by the University's 175th Anniversary. The University pledged to make the construction of a Law School and a science facility as the necessary first steps in that plan[16]

Marymount College awarded degrees to its final undergraduate class in May 2007,[17] after Fordham University announced in 2005 that the college would be phased out. University administration announced that the campus would remain open for Fordham graduate programs in several disciplines.[18] However, in the fall of 2007 the University announced its intention to seek buyers for the Marymount campus and move its programs to less expansive facilities elsewhere in Westchester. University administration stated that the expenses required to support the programs on campus far exceeded their demand. University officials estimate that the revenue gained from the proposed sale would not be greater than the expenses Fordham incurred maintaining and improving the campus since its merger with Marymount College. President Father McShane nonetheless stated that the University's decision was a "painful" one.[19] Fordham then announced it's intention to move the remaining programs from the Marymount campus to a new location at 400 Westchester Avenue in Harrison, New York by Fall 2008.[20] On February 17, 2008, Fordham announced the sale of the campus for $27 million to EF Schools, a chain of private language-instruction schools.[21][22]

In December 2007, the University established the Fordham Museum of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Art at its Rose Hill campus. The museum contains more than 200 relics from classical antiquity, ranging from Greek terra cotta vases to Roman marble heads to Etruscan urns. The museum was a gift from William D. Walsh, a 1951 graduate and founding chairman of Sequoia Associates. The museum is located at the William D. Walsh Family Library on the Rose Hill campus. It is the largest collection of its kind in the New York metropolitan area.[23]

In April 2008, Fordham entered into an affiliation with Heythrop College, the Jesuit specialist Philosophy and Theology College of the University of London. Fordham will utilize a large portion of space at the college, which is located near Kensington Square, in central London. The University of London consortium of colleges consists of such institutions as King's College London, University College London, and the London School of Economics and Political Science. Fordham will also house its London Dramatic Academy, and College of Business Administration programs at Heythrop as well. [24]

Academics

Fordham University's academic ideals are drawn from its Jesuit influences. The University promotes a Jesuit principle known as cura personalis, which fosters a faculty and administration respect for the individual student and their uniqueness, and the Jesuit principle magis which intends to inspire service and strive for excellence in all aspects of life, even beyond the academic.[25]

Core curriculum

All undergraduate colleges at Fordham share a core curriculum, a distribution of offerings that consists of 17–21 courses (depending on foreign language proficiency) drawn from nine disciplines and/or families of disciplines intended to provide a sound liberal arts education.[26] The specific class or course is not mandated, only each subject. In outline, the core includes:

Students are expected to complete the core (in their home school) by the end of sophomore year, with the exception of the Global, Pluralism, and Senior Values courses.[27]

Colleges and schools

Fordham University comprises four undergraduate colleges and six graduate schools on three campuses.

Undergraduate colleges

Keating Hall with Edwards Parade in the foreground (Rose Hill campus).

Graduate schools

Libraries

File:FordhamLawLibrary.JPG
Leo T. Kissam Memorial Law Library at Fordham Law School (Lincoln Center campus)

The Fordham University libraries own over 2.4 million volumes, subscribe to over 15,500 periodicals and 19,000 electronic journals, and are a depository for United States Government documents.[28] The William D. Walsh Family Library is at the Rose Hill campus; the Gerald M. Quinn Library at the Lincoln Center campus; the new Westchester campus and the Leo T. Kissam Memorial Law Library serves the Law School.[28]

Honor societies and programs

  • Matteo Ricci Society: The Matteo Ricci Society is an honor society open to Fordham students who are likely candidates for academic fellowships. Students are invited to join based on academic success and other factors. Faculty assist members in preparing applications for fellowships. It can provide funding for certain approved summer research opportunities and prominent internships
  • Honors Study: All four undergraduate colleges at Fordham offer an honors program for matriculated students. Eligible students from any major (with the exception of the BFA degree program in Dance) may be selected.
    • Fordham College of Liberal Studies offers an honors program option tailored specifically for non-traditional students, which is unusual for institutions serving that student population.
    • Specifics of the program differ among the four undergraduate colleges, but the program size is small in each case. Students are selected from the top percentile of each incoming freshmen class, based on their academic and extracurricular achievements. Honors students are required to take specific Honors classes which replace the Core Curriculum. The Honors programs emphasize independent projects under faculty guidance. Successful completion of the program entitles the student to the designation in cursu honorum on the diploma and the transcript.
  • National Honor Societies: The University has chapters of Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Kappa Phi, national honor societies; Alpha Sigma Nu, the national honor society of Jesuit colleges and universities; Beta Gamma Sigma, the national honor society of accredited schools of business; Beta Alpha Psi, the honor society of accounting, and Alpha Sigma Lambda, the national honor society for non-traditional students.
    • There are chapters of the Society of Sigma Xi, a national honorary scientific research organization established to recognize and foster the scientific spirit in American colleges and to provide both stimulus and acknowledgment for independent scientific research; Pi Sigma Alpha, the national honor society for political science students; Alpha Mu Gamma, the national honor society for foreign languages. Fordham also has chapters of Phi Delta Kappa and Kappa Delta Pi, both honor societies in education.
    • Fordham University has chapters of other honor societies which are major specific.

Rankings

Academic rankings
National
U.S. News & World Report[31]61st
Washington Monthly[32]63rd

As of February 2009, U.S. News & World Report has ranked Fordham's undergraduate program 61st, remaining among the Tier 1 national universities.[33] In 2009, BusinessWeek magazine ranked Fordham's College of Business Administration 41st nationally, a drop of 14 spots from the previous year, though U.S. News & World Report ranked the College of Business Administration 71st, up nine spots from 2007. The Washington Monthly rankings, meant as a public-interest focused alternative to the U.S. News rankings, places Fordham at 63rd in the nation, overall.[34]

Fordham University School of Law is a Tier 1 school, ranked 30th in the nation in the 2010 U.S. News & World Report law school rankings.[35] The Graduate School of Social Service is similarly Tier 1 and was ranked 17th nationally in 2008 by U.S. News & World Report, the Graduate School of Education was ranked 58th nationally, and also ranked the College of Business Administration 71st, up nine spots from 2007.[citation needed] Fordham paticipates in the BIMBA program (Beijing International MBA) — the first foreign MBA degree to be approved by the Chinese Government and ranked #1 in China by Fortune Magazine.[36]

While not strictly a "ranking", the editors of Kaplan/Newsweek’s 2008 edition of How to Get Into College Guide included Fordham University as one of the “25 Hottest Schools in America”, with the title "Hottest Catholic School."[37]

Fordham also participates in the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NAICU)'s University and College Accountability Network (U-CAN).

Campuses

Fordham University attracts students from around the world, and at the turn of the 21st century had registered students from approximately 90 countries in addition to every US state and territory.[38] To accommodate this student body, the university has two residential campuses: Rose Hill in the Bronx and Lincoln Center in Manhattan. The University also maintains programs at the Westchester campus in West Harrison, a biological field station in Armonk, New York and participates in cosortia at two international locations: The Beijing International MBA (BIMBA) in Beijing, China, and the London in the United Kingdom, home to the London Drama Academy.[39]

The undergraduate Fordham College of Liberal Studies holds classes on all three New York campuses, utilizing the same faculty and curriculum as the other colleges in the University. In addition, the flexibility of multiple campuses facilitates options for both full-time and part-time study and unconventional scheduling, in order to accommodate students who are employed full-time or otherwise unable to take advantage of the offerings at Fordham's other, more centralized, undergraduate colleges.

Fordham is among the largest of the 28 member institutions in the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities, and is home to a large Jesuit community of the New York Province.[40]

Rose Hill

The Southern Boulevard entrance to the Rose Hill campus.

The Rose Hill campus, established in 1841, is home to the undergraduate Fordham College at Rose Hill, the College of Business Administration, and a portion of the Fordham College of Liberal Studies as well as the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and the Graduate School of Religion & Religious Education. Located on 85 acres (340,000 m2) in the north Bronx, it is among the largest "open space campuses" in New York City. The campus is bordered by the New York Botanical Garden, the Bronx Zoo, and "Little Italy of the Bronx" on Arthur Avenue. Rose Hill's traditional collegiate Gothic architecture, cobblestone streets, and green expanses of lawn have been used as settings in a number of feature films over the years. Rose Hill is also home to the University Church, which was built in 1845 as a seminary chapel and parish church for surrounding farms. The gothic-style church is an official New York City landmark and contains the original altar from Old St. Patrick's Cathedral along with stained glass windows first intended as a gift by Louis-Philippe of France for the cathedral.[41] Among the 15 campus dormitories are Fordham's three residential colleges: O'Hare Hall,[42] Tierney Hall,[43] and Queen's Court[44] (the last, with its notable Bishop's Lounge, dates back to the days of St. John's College).[45] Finlay Hall, now an upperclassman dormitory, was built in 1905 as home to the (since defunct) medical school,[citation needed]and later was home to the chemistry department for 47 years, until 1968. Another dormitory, Walsh Hall, was built facing the street as a condition of the loan Fordham received from New York City. If Fordham had defaulted on the loan, the city would have converted it into a housing project, however this did not occur, and the building's entrance still confusingly faces the street on the edge of the campus instead of the interior of the campus. Walsh Hall was formerly known simply as 555 due to its address: 555 E.191st Street. The campus is served by the Fordham station of the Metro-North Railroad (the tracks run along the boundary fence), with a southern terminus at Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan. Public transit buses stop adjacent to campus exits and New York City Subway stations are within walking distance. The University also provides a "Ram Van" shuttle service among the three main campuses. About 6,284 undergraduates and graduates attend the Rose Hill campus, with 3,143 in residence.

Lincoln Center

Peter, Fisher of Men statue at the Lincoln Center campus.

The Lincoln Center campus, created by Robert Moses in 1961 as part of the "Lincoln Square Renewal Project", is home to the undergraduate Fordham College at Lincoln Center and a portion of Fordham College of Liberal Studies, as well as the School of Law, the Graduate School of Business Administration, the Graduate School of Education, and the Graduate School of Social Service. The 8-acre (32,000 m2) campus occupies the area from West 60th Street to West 62nd Street between Columbus and Amsterdam Avenues, in the cultural heart of Manhattan. Across the street is one of the world's great cultural centers, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts; nearby are Central Park, Carnegie Hall, Rockefeller Center and Radio City Music Hall, Tiffany & Co., Lord & Taylor, F.A.O. Schwartz and other famous Fifth Avenue retailers, Broadway, and Columbus Circle. The campus is served by public transit bus stops at the campus entrances, and by the New York City Subway at 59th Street–Columbus Circle station. The University also provides a "Ram Van" shuttle service among its three campuses.

About 8,000 undergraduate, graduate, professional, and doctoral students study at the Lincoln Center campus, where about 940 live in apartment-style housing. There are almost 1,800 undergraduates enrolled in Fordham College At Lincoln Center, with an additional 300 undergraduates in the Fordham College of Liberal Studies (at this campus), and the remainder comprise the graduate population.[39] The Lincoln Center campus currently consists of the Leon Lowenstein Building, McMahon Hall dormitory, Gerald M. Quinn Library, and Fordham School of Law. Fordham offices are also housed at 33 W. 60th St and 888 W. 57th St. The Lincoln Center campus also has two outdoor basketball and tennis courts.

There are two open, grassy plazas at the Lincoln Center Campus, built over the Quinn Library, one level up from the street. The larger plaza was historically known as Robert Moses Plaza and once hosted a bust of its namesake on a barren cement landscape (lawns have since been added), and the smaller one is known as St. Peter's Garden. A memorial to Fordham students and alumni who died on 9/11 stands in St. Peter's Garden. According to Fordham's expansion plan, Robert Moses Plaza may be razed to make way for several new buildings. [46]

Westchester

The University moved Fordham College of Liberal Studies (Westchester Division), graduate schools of Business Administration, Education, Social Service, and Religion and Religious Education, from the former Marymount campus to 400 Westchester Avenue, in West Harrison, New York.[47] The first classes were scheduled for fall, 2008.

The new campus includes a three-story, 62,500-square-foot (5,810 m2) building on 32 acres (130,000 m2) landscaped with a stream and pond. Fordham signed a 20-year lease for the new campus. The facilities include 26 newly designed classrooms featuring technological amenities such as "smart boards", teleconferencing capabilities, and newly installed seating and learning areas.

In addition, faculty offices and administrative support space, a library resource center, a food service facility, and meeting areas both indoor and outdoor for student sessions are available. Over $8 million was spent in renovation to provide the University with green building technology, including the design of academic facilities surrounding a large central courtyard.

This campus is served by the White Plains station of the Metro-North Railroad, approximately 4 miles (6 km) away in the county seat of White Plains, with a southern terminus at Grand Central Station in Manhattan. The White Plains station and the campus are both served by the Westchester County Bus System ("The Bee-Line"). In addition, the University offers a "Ram-Van" shuttle among the three campuses. Westchester County Airport is the closest to this campus, at a drive of approximately 6 miles (10 km).

Louis Calder Center

The Louis Calder Center is Fordham's biological field station for ecological research and environmental education. Located 30 miles (50 km) north of New York City in Armonk, New York, the station consists of 114 acres (0.46 km2) forested with a 10-acre (40,000 m2) lake and 19 buildings, which are used for laboratory and office space, educational programs, equipment storage, and residences. The station's state-of-the-art equipment, research library, greenhouses, and housing are available for research and educational programs for students, faculty, and visiting scientists.[48]

Beijing, People's Republic of China

The Beijing International MBA Program (BiMBA) was a joint venture between a consortium of Jesuit Colleges and Universities in the United States and Peking University. Fordham University granted the degrees and managed its programs with the China Center for Economic Research (CCER).[49] Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School in Belgium has been the degree granting institution for BiMBA since 2008, though Fordham maintains a relationship.[50] BiMBA was founded in 1998 and is located on the campus of Peking University in Beijing, People's Republic of China. BiMBA enrolls over 400 students a year in traditional part-time and full-time MBA programs, and in Executive MBA (EMBA) programs. It offers the first foreign MBA degree to be approved by the Chinese government, and was ranked number 1 in China by Fortune Magazine.

London Center (Centre), United Kingdom

Since the spring of 2009 Fordham has affiliated with [[Heythrop College], the Jesuit specialist Philosophy and Theology College of the University of London. This created a base in the city's Kensington Square for Fordham’s programs, which include the London Dramatic Academy, as well as a spring semester and two summer College of Business Administration programs.

Student activities

Fordham University offers campus-based and university-wide student activities programs. The following are a sampling:[51]

Athletics

File:FordhamRams.png
Fordham Rams logo
Main article: Fordham Rams

The Fordham varsity sports teams are known as the "Rams." Their colors are maroon and white.

The University supports 22 men's and women's varsity teams and a number of club teams, plus a significant intramural sports program. The Fordham Rams are members of NCAA Division I and compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference in all sports except football. In football, the Rams play in the Patriot League of NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. The Rams were the 2002 Patriot League co-champions,[52] and captured the 2007 Patriot League title outright.[53]

Fordham athletics gained early fame for college football in the beginning of the 20th century, particularly with the success of the famous "Seven Blocks of Granite", which, for the 1936 line, included Vince Lombardi, who later became perhaps the most famous coach in professional football. In addition, the University launched the careers of dozens of professional baseball players, including a Hall of Fame inductee, Frankie Frisch, known by the further-alliterative nickname, "The Fordham Flash."

Athletic Booster Clubs

  • The Sixth Man Club, supports the Fordham University Men's and Women's basketball programs. The club was founded in the early 1990s by a group of Rose Hill College seniors. Sixth Man cheers on and roots for the Ram's from the Section 8 bleachers in the Rose Hill Gym. In 2005, it was awarded club of the year.[54]
  • The Twelfth Man Club, the club was formed during the Ram's 2007 football season. It is a student led group that represents Fordham's student body at all university football games.

Student publications

The Fordham Ram

Commonly known as The Ram, the student-staffed weekly newspaper of the Rose Hill campus. The Ram is published and edited by Fordham students through University funding[55].

First published in 1918, the newspaper has been the University's official journal of record since its inception [56].[citation needed] The Ram's mission states it is devoted to serving both campus and community, acting as a means of club networking and cooperation and "providing a forum for the free and open exchange of ideas in service to the community and to act as a student advocate."[57]

Though The Ram is the University's journal of record[55], the paper, a biweekly journal of commentary and review[58], and The Observer, the bi-weekly journal of the University's Lincoln Center campus[59], are distributed university-wide.

On The Ram's 75th Anniversary, New York City Mayor David Dinkins proclaimed May 1 "Fordham Ram Day."[60]

The Ram has garnered a myriad of awards for outstanding college journalism and its achievement in the thorough coverage of the University's academic and athletic happenings throughout history.[citation needed] Many of The Ram staff go on to careers in New York City's worldwide news and media industry[61]. Famous The Ram alumni include former Associated Press president & CEO Louis Boccardi; New York Times sportswriter Arthur Daley '26, who was the first sportswriter to win a Pulitzer Prize[62]; author (and Arthur's son) Robert Daley, '51; sports announcer Vin Scully, '49; Emmy Award-winning news anchor Shiela Stainback, '72[63]; and New York Times writer and columnist Jim Dwyer, '79.

The Fordham Observer

Fordham University's award-winning student newspaper, published from the Lincoln Center campus since 1981.[64] The Observer’s circulation also reaches Fordham’s Rose Hill Campus in the Bronx, making it available to all the students in the University’s undergraduate colleges and graduate schools. It is Lincoln Center’s fourth paper, after “The Curved Horn”, which moved from Rose Hill in 1968, “The Review” and “Evex”.[65] Sections include News, Opinions, Arts and Culture, soft news Features, Literary and Sports.

Awards received by the Observer include: First place in 2008 and honorable mention in 2007 at the National College Newspaper’s 2008 Convention in San Francisco, in the category of Four Year Non-Weekly, First Place, Most Outstanding University Newspaper for 2005-2006 and 2006-2007, American Scholastic Press Association, Second place in the Associated Collegiate Press’ 2005 Newspaper of the Year Contest,[66] First place in the American Scholastic Press Association’s 2005 Newspaper Review,[66] Third place in Editorial in the New York Press Association’s 2004 Better Newspaper Contest,[66] and Third place in both Photography and Editorial in the New York Press Association’s 2003 Better Newspaper Contest.[66] Four staff received the Region 1 Mark of Excellence Award for Sports Photography from the Society of Professional Journalists in 2008.

Other publications

  • the paper, Fordham University's journal of news, analysis, comment, and review. the paper is Fordham's alternative newspaper at the Rose Hill campus.[67]
  • Fordham Law Review, the most widely-cited of the law school's six scholarly journals serving the legal profession and the public by discussing current legal issues. [68]
  • Kosmos, (formerly: Red Rover; formerly Excursions) a literary magazine published once a year from the Lincoln Center Campus. It provides students with an outlet for creativity and expression through fiction, personal essays, photography, cartoons, poetry, graphic arts, etc.
  • The Ampersand, Fordham's literary magazine
  • The CBA Business Journal, a source of business news and commentary written by and for Fordham University students, publishing three issues per semester.
  • The Vagabond, The Ampersand's monthly supplement.
  • The Liberty Forum, a politically conservative media outlet that publishes a magazine, runs a blog[69] and hosts a television show on the Fordham television network

Broadcasting

  • WFUV, 90.7 FM is Fordham University's 50,000-watt radio station, with studios located in Keating Hall on the Rose Hill campus and the transmitter located atop a building owned by Montefiore Medical Center. First broadcast in 1947, the station serves approximately 280,000 listeners weekly in Greater New York and thousands more globally on the Web (wfuv.org).[citation needed] The station is a National Public Radio affiliate, and mainly has an adult album alternative format, although it adheres to a variety (radio) format on weekends, when it broadcasts programs devoted to various genres, including folk music, jazz and Irish music, as well as live sports.[70] The station has student-run news and sports departments, though much of the other programming has been staffed by professionals since the 1980s.[citation needed] It has 27 full-time employees and 70 part-time student empployees.[71]
  • Fordham Nightly News (FNN), Fordham University's evening news program since 2004, was created and is produced by students. The program is aired 4 nights weekdays (no Wednesday broadcast), and has built up a management structure with about 35 staff—from on-air talent to technical production. FNN is on a closed-circuit channel, EIC-TV10, and reports current topics focusing on Fordham news but also a quick overview of selected local, national and international news, as well as entertainment, sports, and weather.[72]

Performance Arts

  • Fordham University Choir is an ensemble of students from the Rose Hill and Lincoln Center campuses. Its repertoire includes both sacred and secular music.
  • Fordham University Theatre Company: All theatre majors may participate in as many productions as they like and in any capacity they wish, as members of the Fordham University Theatre Company.
  • Mimes & Mummers, a theatre troupe housed in Collins Auditorium on the Rose Hill campus, is one of the oldest traditions at the University.
  • Fordham Experimental Theatre, located in the Blackbox Theatre in Collins Hall on the Rose Hill campus, is an entirely student run theatre group.
  • Expressions Dance Alliance, located in Keating Hall's Basement Dance Studio, was established in 2001 and strives to produce an original show every semester.
  • Fordham University Women's Choir is the University's newest choir, founded in the fall of 2001.
  • Fordham B-Sides, Fordham's co-educational a cappella group, was founded in 1997. Their repertoire includes a variety of classic and contemporary songs, spanning the genres of pop/rock/jazz/hip-hop.
  • Fordham Ramblers, Fordham's all-male a cappella group, has been in existence since 1893. Their repertoire ranges from contemporary to traditional music.
  • Fordham Satin Dolls, Fordham's all-female a cappella group, has been in existence since 2002.
  • Ailey/Fordham Student Dancers is composed of all seniors in the BFA dance program that tour around the tri-state area for performances at schools and for corporate events.
  • Fordham Flava Dance Company,is a student hip-hop dance company based at the Rose Hill campus

Rhetoric and debate

  • Fordham Debate Society (FDS) is based at Rose Hill and is the oldest existing club in the university, having been founded in 1854. [73]

In 1982, the American Parliamentary Debate Association (APDA), Inc. was founded at Fordham, during a tournament called the "Fordham Fandango." FDS is still very active on APDA, and regularly places among the top teams in the country. The team competes weekly on APDA, but also occasionally attends international tournaments, ranking well in the World Universities Debating Championship standings.[citation needed]

  • Gannon Speech and Debate is based at the Lincoln Center Campus, and engages students in forensics training so that they may compete intercollegiately. The club is named for the Rev. Robert I. Gannon, S.J., President of Fordham from 1936–1949, considered to have been a popular and effective speaker. Alumni of the club have been successful in earning fellowships and awards.[74]

Global Outreach!

Global Outreach! (commonly known as GO!), is a student led, university sponsored organization dedicated to educating students about issues of social justice and individual responsibility through service projects to global and domestic locations. Separate programs on each campus currently sponsor 27 annual projects over winter, spring, and summer breaks ranging from South Africa to Nashville, and dealing with such diverse issues as HIV/AIDS , affordable housing, migrant labor, and environmental justice.

Military science

The Military Science program is available to Fordham undergraduate and graduate students regardless of their course of study,[75] as well as to students at over 50 other New York area colleges and universities.[76] It includes the Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program, as well as military science classes and extracurricular activities.

The Army ROTC Ram Battalion at Fordham University has its roots training cadets in the late 1840s before it was officially established as a formal program in 1926. It has since been the Army ROTC headquarters for the New York City region.[77] Among the notable graduates of the Fordham ROTC Battalion (though not necessarily of Fordham University) include former Secretary of State Colin Powell, four-star General John M. Keane, and at least four recipients of the Medal of Honor.[78] The battalion has been distinguished as being in the top fifteen percent of the United States Army ROTC programs.[76] WOOT WOOT ITS THE SOUND OF THE ROT-C. WOOT WOOT. I'm your biggest fan I'll support you so you can defend me, Fordham, Fordham ROT-C

Fordham students are also eligible to participate in the Air Force ROTC Program hosted at nearby Manhattan College[79] and the Navy ROTC Program hosted at SUNY Maritime College.[80]

Philip H. McGrath House of Prayer

The Philip H. McGrath House of Prayer is located in Goshen, NY, and is used exclusively for Fordham's Retreat Ministries. The McGrath House is situated in a residential area about seventy miles northwest of Fordham's Rose Hill campus.

The McGrath House has facilities for a large group of students and retreat coordinators to stay overnight while participating in a Fordham Retreat. Fordham Campus Ministry regularly hosts non-compulsory retreats at the McGrath House, including Emmaus, Kairos, Charis, Global Outreach Retreats, and other specialized retreats.

People

Main article: List of Fordham University people

Notable alumni

Geraldine Ferraro, the first woman Vice Presidential candidate of a major political party in the United States attended Fordham, as have three current members in the United States House of Representatives and numerous past members of Congress, including at least two United States Senators. A number of Fordham graduates have served at the highest levels of the U.S. administration, including William J. Casey, U.S. Director of Central Intelligence (1981-1987); John N. Mitchell, former U.S. Attorney General; and Bernard M. Shanley, Deputy Chief of Staff and White House Counsel to President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Fordham also claims a number of distinguished military honorees, including three Medal of Honor recipients, as well as a number of notable generals such as: General John "Jack" Keane, retired four-star General and former Vice Chief of Staff for the United States Army; and Major General Martin Thomas McMahon, American Civil War officer and Medal of Honor recipient. Fordham has produced college and university presidents for at least 10 institutions around the United States, including two for Georgetown University and one each for Columbia University and New York University.

Giants of business and finance have attended Fordham, including Anne M. Mulcahy, Chairman and CEO of Xerox; Donald Trump (no degree); Rose Marie Bravo, former CEO of Burberry and named one of "The 50 most Powerful Women in Business" outside the United States by Fortune Magazine; Mario Gabelli, billionaire founder, chairman, and CEO of GAMCO Investors; and Eugene Shvidler, billionaire international oil tycoon.

Among the many notable members of the media and communications field Fordham has produced include Charles Osgood, three-time Emmy Award and two-time Peabody Award-winning journalist for CBS and Radio Hall of Famer; Louis Boccardi, retired President of The Associated Press; Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Loretta Tofani; G. Gordon Liddy, lawyer, political operative for President Richard Nixon, leader of the White House Plumbers, political pundit and radio show host; and Baseball Hall of Fame broadcaster and Radio Hall of Famer Vin Scully.

Fordham's contribution to the creative arts and entertainment have a long and varied history, and include Alan Alda, six-time Emmy Award and six-time Golden Globe Award-winning actor; Paddy Chayefsky, playwright, screenwriter (attended, no degree); Mary Higgins Clark, best-selling suspense novelist; Bob Keeshan, television's multiple award-winning "Captain Kangaroo"; John LaFarge, painter, muralist, designer of stained-glass windows; Virginia O'Hanlon who, as a child, wrote a letter to the New York Sun which prompted the famous response "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" (doctorate from Fordham); and Denzel Washington, two-time Academy Award and two-time Golden Globe Award-winning actor.

Among the giants of the sports world who have attended Fordham include Frankie Frisch, known as the "Fordham Flash", Baseball Hall of Famer; Vince Lombardi, football coaching legend; Bill Chadwick, Hockey Hall of Famer (under an assumed name)[81]; and Tom Courtney, two-time Olympic Games gold medalist, who held world record in 880-yard run; and Steve Bellán, first Latin American to play Major League Baseball.

Notable faculty

Fordham traditions

Fordham Maroon

Magenta was Fordham's original color, but Harvard used the same color.[83] A series of baseball games between the two was to determine the right to use it. Harvard, despite having lost the competition, continued to use the color. Therefore, Fordham eventually changed its official color to maroon.[83] (Harvard subsequently also abandoned magenta, though in favor of crimson.)[84]

The Ram

The ram evolved into Fordham's mascot and symbol from a slightly vulgar cheer that Fordham fans sang during an 1893 football game against the United States Military Academy at West Point. The students began cheering "One-damn, two-damn, three-damn...Fordham!" The song was an instant hit, but "damn" was later sanitized to "ram" to conform to the university's image.[85]

The Victory Bell

The "Victory Bell", which is mounted outside the Rose Hill Gym, is from the Japanese aircraft carrier Junyō.[citation needed] According to the plaque below the bell, it was recovered near Saipan where it was "silenced by an aerial Bomb."[citation needed] It was given to Fordham as a gift by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz "as a Memorial to Our Dear Young Dead of World War II." [citation needed] It was blessed by Cardinal Spellman, and "was first rung at Fordham by the President of the United States, the Honorable Harry S. Truman on May 11, 1946, the Charter Centenary of the University." [citation needed]It is rung by each Fordham senior player after victorious home football games and its ringing also marks the start of the commencement ceremonies each May. [citation needed]A small group of students rang the bell on the 50th anniversary of Pearl Harbor in honor of the war dead.[citation needed]

The Rose Hill Gymnasium

The Rose Hill Gym

The men's and women's basketball teams, as well as the volleyball squad, play in the Rose Hill Gymnasium, the oldest gym still in use at the NCAA Division I level.[86]

The Great Seal

The Great Seal of Fordham University bears the Society of Jesus coat of arms at the center. The shield bears the Greek letters of the name "Jesus", IHS, with the cross resting in the horizontal line of the letter "H", three nails beneath (evoking those used in the crucifixion of Jesus), all in gold in a field framed in maroon, the color of the University, with silver fleurs-de-lis (reminiscent of the French origin of the first Jesuit instructors) on the edge of the maroon frame. Beneath the shield, a scroll with the University's motto in latin, Sapienta et Doctrina (Wisdom and Learning), is etched. The scroll rests on a field in which tongues of fire are displayed, recalling the outpouring of the Holy Spirit of Wisdom that marked the first Pentecost. A upright laurel above the shield has within engraved the names of the disciplines that were taught when the school was granted university status in 1907: [liberal] arts, science, philosophy, medicine, and law. Surrounding the entire seal is a heraldic belt, which has engraved the name of the school in Latin, Universitas Fordhamensis, and year of founding.[87]

Festival of Lessons and Carols

The University annually presents a concert of Lessons and Carols during the Christmas holiday season. The ensemble university choir presents one evening concert at the large and dramatic Church of Saint Paul the Apostle adjacent to the Lincoln Center Campus, and one afternoon concert at the more humble and intimate University Church at the Rose Hill Campus, each year.[88]

William Spain Seismic Observatory

Since 1910, when the Rev. Edward P. Tivnan, SJ, installed a seismograph in the basement of the administration building at the Rose Hill Campus, Fordham has been the site of the oldest seismic station in New York City. William Spain Seismic Observatory has since measured much of the world's natural and unnatural trembling, including earthquakes, China's first atomic explosion in 1964, and local subway trains.

The station opened in 1924 and sits at the edge of Edward's Parade in the center of the campus, next to Freeman Hall, home of the department of physics. It is named in honor of a physics student who died in 1922 and whose father donated the funds to build the station.

Encaenia

Fordham College at Rose Hill annually stages an Encaenia on an evening near the conclusion of the academic year. Faculty, administrators, and students process in academic regalia to a ceremony where candidates for degrees at the current year's commencement are presented awards and honors. The ceremony includes a sentimental speech by the college's valedictorian, as well as the traditionally more humorous yet equally endearing speech by the honorary "Lord" or "Lady of the Manor" selected for the evening.

Songs

Fordham's school song is "Alma Mater Fordham",[87] while the Fordham fight song is "Fordham Ram", composed by J. Ignatius Coveney.[89]

Affiliations

Fordham University is affiliated with the following:[90]

It is an accredited member of:

The University is also a member of:

  • American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education
  • Collegiate Association for Development of Educational Administration (New York State)
  • Association of University Evening Colleges

In the arts

The Fordham University campus was used as a filming location for a number of movies: Awake, A Beautiful Mind, A Bronx Tale, Center Stage, Cheerleaders Beach Party, The Exorcist, The Gambler, The Iron Major, Kinsey, Love Story, Quiz Show, The Verdict, Solitary Man, The Adjustment Bureau and Wall Street 2: Money Never Sleeps. Rev. William O'Malley, a Jesuit and professor at Fordham Prep, played Father Dyer in The Exorcist. The film's language lab scene was filmed in Keating Hall, and the bedroom scene was filmed in Hughes Hall.

Television shows filmed at Fordham consist of Shattered Vows, a 1984 made for TV movie starring Valerie Bertinelli who played the true story of a young nun in the turbulent 60's who goes to Fordham for her master's and falls in love with a priest, ultimately leaving the order; Naked City (episode: Tombstone for a Derelict, 4/5/61; then-unknown Robert Redford plays a Neo-Nazi student); Ras Trent (SNL Digital Short, 10/25/08, featured the Lincoln Center Campus dorms, classrooms, and plaza); and a U2 performance at Edwards Parade for the March 6, 2009 episode of Good Morning America.

The music video "What's Love?" by Ashanti and Fat Joe was also filmed at Fordham.

Fictional alumni of Fordham include the title character of Michael Clayton, Ray Brocco of The Good Shepherd, Michael Patrick Flaherty of Spin City, Annie Norris of Life on Mars, Vinnie Terranova of Wiseguy, and Bruno Tattaglia of The Godfather.

Notes

  1. ^ NAICU - Member Center
  2. ^ "2008 NACUBO Endowment Study" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
  3. ^ "Institutions: Fordham University". Carnegie Foundation. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  4. ^ a b "Fordham at a Glance". Fordham University. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  5. ^ "Engineering: 3-2 Cooperative Program in Engineering". Fordham University. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  6. ^ "Ailey/Fordham Partnership". Fordham University. Retrieved 2009-01-02. {{cite web}}: Text "BFA Dance" ignored (help); Text "Fordham College at Lincoln Center" ignored (help)
  7. ^ "History of Fordham Preparatory School". Fordham Preparatory School. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  8. ^ a b c "Fordham Facts". Fordham University. Retrieved 1 January 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Schroth, Raymond A. S.J. Fordham: A History and Memoir. Loyola Press,2002. ISBN 0-8294-1676-5
  10. ^ "A Brief History". Fordham University. Retrieved 1 January 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Fordham University Libraries: What's New
  12. ^ New York Times. "Closes Medical School: Fordham University is Unable to Meet the Exmpenses of Operation". May 30, 1919. page 3.
  13. ^ Schroth, Raymond A., S.J. "How Women Came to Fordham: The Life and Death of Thomas More College". Conversations in Jesuit Higher Education. Issue 29, pages 33-34.
  14. ^ Schroth, pgs. 278-280
  15. ^ Fordham Unveils Lincoln Center Master Plan
  16. ^ The University's Strategic Planning is in Full Swing
  17. ^ Bittersweet Emotions Mark Final Diploma Ceremony at Marymount College
  18. ^ As Marymount closes, students say they feel neglected - News
  19. ^ University Seeking Buyer for Marymount Campus
  20. ^ Fordham pursues new home in Harrison
  21. ^ "Fordham U. Sells Marymount College Campus for $27-Million", Chronicle of Higher Education. February 17, 2008.
  22. ^ "University Sells Marymount Campus, Moves Operations to West Harrison" (Press release). Fordham University. 2008-02-11.
  23. ^ "Fordham Opens Its Gift: An Antiquities Museum," by Robin Pogrebin, The New York Times, Dec. 6, 2007
  24. ^ "Fordham Establishes New Campus in Central London," by Bob Howe, April 2008
  25. ^ Fordham's Jesuit Tradition
  26. ^ http://www.fordham.edu/UndergraduateBulletin/ |Undergraduate Bulletin 2006-2008
  27. ^ Core Curriculum | Fordham College at Lincoln Center
  28. ^ a b Library Handbook - Fordham University Libraries
  29. ^ Fordham.Edu
  30. ^ Sassi, Janet. "Fordham Breaks Into Top Tier of Fulbright Producers." Inside Fordham November 24, 2008.
  31. ^ "2023-2024 Best National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 18, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  32. ^ "2024 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  33. ^ "Best Colleges". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
  34. ^ Washington Montly College Guide: National University Rankings 2009
  35. ^ U.S. News & World Report. "Best Graduate Schools: Law School Rankings. Accessed 08/21/2009
  36. ^ Fordham.Edu
  37. ^ "The 2008 Kaplan/Newsweek "How To Get Into College" Guide Names America's 25 Hottest Schools". Kaplan. 2007-08-13. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
  38. ^ FordhamBulletin.indb
  39. ^ a b Fordham at a Glance
  40. ^ "The Fordham Jesuit Community". Fordham University. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  41. ^ Fordham University website, accessed Jan. 29, 2008
  42. ^ Fordham.Edu
  43. ^ Fordham.Edu
  44. ^ Fordham.Edu
  45. ^ 222243_001-039.v2
  46. ^ "Fordham's Plans".
  47. ^ Fordham University, Westchester. 07/17/2008 (accessed).
  48. ^ About the LCC
  49. ^ BiMBA
  50. ^ http://en.bimba.edu.cn/article.asp?articleid=2009
  51. ^ Student Leadership & Community Development
  52. ^ Patriot Conference - The Patriot League Official Athletic Site
  53. ^ Fordham Claims Outright Patriot League Football Title :: Rams Earn First Outright League Crown with Colgate's Loss at Holy Cross
  54. ^ About The Sixth Man Club
  55. ^ a b http://www.theramonline.com/staff/
  56. ^ theramonline.com
  57. ^ "Club Directory: The Ram". Fordham University. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  58. ^ http://www.fordham.edu/student_affairs/student_leadership__/student_organization/student_publications/the_paper_1971.asp
  59. ^ http://www.fordhamobserver.com/
  60. ^ http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/html/collections/dinkins/7g.shtml
  61. ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEFDB1E3FF932A35756C0A965958260
  62. ^ http://www.baseballlibrary.com/ballplayers/player.php?name=Arthur_Daley
  63. ^ http://www.sree.net/teaching/training/2003/stainback/index.html
  64. ^ "Fordham Observer".
  65. ^ After a quarter century, a look back at the beginning - Observer 25
  66. ^ a b c d Fordham Observer
  67. ^ "the paper". Fordham.edu. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
  68. ^ "Fordham Law Review".
  69. ^ http://fordhamlibertyforum.blogspot.com/
  70. ^ FCC Renews WFUV-FM Broadcast License
  71. ^ WFUV Public Radio from Fordham University
  72. ^ Fordham Nightly News
  73. ^ "Fordham Debate Team: From Patsy to Powerhouse".
  74. ^ Fordham Student Wins British Marshall
  75. ^ http://armyrotc.com/edu/fordham/about.htm/ ARMY ROTC: New York City Army ROTC at Fordham University
  76. ^ a b Fordham ROTC Unit Among Best in the Country
  77. ^ http://armyrotc.com/edu/fordham/history.htm
  78. ^ http://armyrotc.com/edu/fordham/alumni.htm>
  79. ^ AFROTC Det 560 - Crosstown Schools
  80. ^ Navy ROTC
  81. ^ NHL icon Bill Chadwick dies at 94 (AP, Oct. 24, 2009)
  82. ^ Victor F. Hess - Biography
  83. ^ a b University Colors
  84. ^ The Harvard Guide: Why Crimson?
  85. ^ Schroth page 207
  86. ^ http://www.fordham.edu/audience/tours/rh_map/29_rh_gym.shtml Rose Hill Gym, Fordham Interactive Map, accessed February 27, 2008
  87. ^ a b A. LCIntroduction
  88. ^ Campus Ministry, Concert Choir. Fordham University. [Accessed 08/07/2008]
  89. ^ http://www.fordham.edu/audience/sheetmusic.shtml Fordham Ram sheet music
  90. ^ Accreditation and Affiliation

References

  • Fred C. Feddeck. Hale Men of Fordham: Hail!. Trafford Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-55212-577-7
  • Fordham University Staff, Office of the Sesquicentennial. As I Remember Fordham: Selections from the Sesquicentennial Oral History Project. Fordham University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8232-1338-2
  • Robert Ignatius Gannon, S.J. Up to the Present: the story of Fordham. Doubleday, 1967. ISBN not available
  • Raymond A. Schroth, S.J. Fordham: A History and Memoir, Revised Edition. Fordham University Press, New York. September, 2008. ISBN 0823229777
  • Thomas Gaffney Taaffe. A History of St. John's College, Fordham, N.Y. The Catholic Publication Society Co., 1891. ISBN not available

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