East Asia
East Asia
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| Area | 11,839,074 km2[1] |
|---|---|
| Population | 1,575,784,500[2] |
| Density | 133 per km2 |
| Countries and Territories |  China Hong Kong Japan Macau Mongolia North Korea South Korea Taiwan
|
| Languages and language families | Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and many others |
| Nominal GDP (2009) | $ 11.427 Trillion |
| GDP per capita (2009) | $ 7,300 |
| Time zones | UTC +7:00 (Western Mongolia) to UTC +9:00 (Japan and Korean Peninsula) |
| Capital cities | Beijing Pyongyang Seoul Taipei Tokyo Ulan Bator
|
| Other major cities | Busan Guangzhou Hong Kong Kaohsiung Macau Osaka Shanghai Yokohama (see list) |
| East Asia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 東亞 or 東亞細亞 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 东亚 or 东亚细亚 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Korean name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 동아시아/동아세아/동아 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanja | 東아시아/東亞細亞/東亞 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kanji | 東亜細亜（東アジア）/東亜 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kana | ひがしアジア/とうあ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kyūjitai | 東亞細亞/東亞 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Template:FixBunching Template:FixBunching East Asia or Eastern Asia (the latter form preferred by the United Nations) is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical[3] or cultural[14] terms. Geographically and geo-politically, it covers about 12,000,000 km2 (4,600,000 sq mi), or about 28 percent of the Asian continent, about 15 percent bigger than the area of Europe.
More than 1.5 billion people, about 38 percent of the population of Asia or 22 percent of all the people in the world, live in geographic East Asia. This is about twice the population that Europe has. The region is one of the world's most populated places, with a population density of 133 inhabitants per square kilometre (340/sq mi), being about three times the world average of 45/km2 (120/sq mi).[15] Using the UN subregion definitions, it ranks second in population only to Southern Asia.
Historically, many societies in East Asia have been part of the Chinese cultural sphere, and East Asian vocabulary and scripts are often derived from Classical Chinese and Chinese script. Sometimes Northeast Asia is used to denote Japan, North Korea, and South Korea.[16]
Major religions include Buddhism (mostly Mahayana), Confucianism or Neo-Confucianism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion in China, Shinto in Japan, Shamanism in Korea, Mongolia and other indigenous populations of northern East Asia[17][18], and more recently Christianity[19] in South Korea. The Chinese Calendar is the root from which many other East Asian calendars are derived.
Uses of the term East Asia
The UN subregion of Eastern Asia and other common definitions[3] of East Asia contain the entirety of the People's Republic of China[4] (including all SARs and autonomous regions), Taiwan (officially known as the Republic of China)[20], Japan, North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea), South Korea (Republic of Korea), and Mongolia[3].
Chinese speaking societies (including the cultures of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan), Japanese society, Korean society, and Vietnamese society are commonly seen as being encompassed by cultural East Asia:[21][22][23][24]
Alternate definitions
Some[who?] consider the following countries or regions as part of East Asia, while others[who?] do not.
- The parts of China that are not historically dominated by Han Chinese: Tibet, Xinjiang (considered either East Asia or Central Asia or South Asia in the case of Tibet[8]—here the primary question is cultural, with geography also at issue)
Vietnam [citation needed](part of Southeast Asia under the UN region definition—here the primary question is political, [French Indochina|cultural]] and geographic)
Siberia [25](considered either East Asia or North Asia—here the primary question is political, with culture and geography also at issue)
In business and economics, East Asia has been used to refer to a wide geographical area covering ten countries in ASEAN[citation needed], People's Republic of China, Japan, South Korea, and the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan)[20] for the purpose of economic and political regionalism and integration[dubious – discuss]. The tendency of this usage, perhaps, started especially since the publication of World Bank on The East Asian Miracle in 1993 explaining the economic success of the Asian Tiger and emerging Southeast Asian economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand).[citation needed]}
In addition, this usage has also been driven[according to whom?] by Asia-wide economic interconnectedness since the co-operation between ASEAN and its three dialogue partners was institutionalized under the ASEAN Plus Three Process (ASEAN+3 or APT) in 1997. The idea of East Asian Community arising from ASEAN+3 framework is also gradually shaping the term East Asia to cover more than greater China, Korea, and Japan. This usage however, is unstable: the East Asian Summit, for instance, includes India and Australia.
East Asia is considered to be a part of the Far East, which describes the region's geographical position in relation to Europe rather than its location within Asia. However, in contrast to the United Nations definition, East Asia commonly is used to refer to the eastern part of Asia, as the term implies. Observers preferring a broader definition of 'East Asia' often use the term Northeast Asia to refer to the greater China area, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan, with Southeast Asia covering the ten ASEAN countries. This usage, which is increasingly widespread in economic and diplomatic discussion, is at odds with the historical meanings of both 'East Asia' and 'Northeast Asia'.[26][27][28] The Council on Foreign Relations defines Northeast Asia as Japan and Korea.[29]
Territory and region data
Demographics
| Country or territory |
Area km² | Population | Population density per km² |
HDI (2007) | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China
|
9,671,018 | 1,335,612,968 | 138 | 0.772 | Beijing |
| Hong Kong
|
1,104 | 7,055,071 | 6,390 | 0.944 | - |
| Japan
|
377,944 | 127,470,000 | 337 | 0.960 | Tokyo |
| Macau
|
29 | 541,200 | 18,662 | - | - |
| Mongolia
|
1,564,116 | 2,736,800 | 2 | 0.727 | Ulan Bator |
| North Korea
|
120,540 | 23,906,000 | 198 | - | Pyongyang |
| South Korea
|
100,140 | 50,062,000 | 500 | 0.937 | Seoul |
| Taiwan
|
36,191 | 23,119,772 | 639 | 0.943 | Taipei |
Economy
| Country or territory |
GDP nominal millions of USD (2009) |
GDP PPP millions of USD (2009) |
GDP PPP per capita USD (2009) |
|---|---|---|---|
| China
|
4,911,000 | 8,767,000 | 6,546 |
| Hong Kong
|
210,730 | 301,300 | 42,574 |
| Japan
|
5,073,000 | 4,141,000 | 32,817 |
| Macau
|
21,700 | 18,140 | 59,451 |
| Mongolia
|
4,212 | 10,480 | 3,567 |
| North Korea
|
27,820 | 40,000 | 1,800 |
| South Korea
|
832,800 | 1,343,000 | 27,791 |
| Taiwan
|
379,400 | 693,200 | 29,829 |
See also
- East Asian Ethnic Groups
- Economy of East Asia
- History of East Asia
- Cities of East Asia
- East Asia Summit
- East Asian Community
- East Asian Games
- East Asian studies
- East Asian languages
- East Asian calligraphy
- Four Asian Tigers
- Sinosphere
- Yakutia
Notes and references
- ^ The area figure is based on the combined areas of the People's Republic of China (including Hong Kong, Macau, Aksai Chin, and Trans-Karakoram Tract), Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) as listed at List of countries and outlying territories by total area.
- ^ The population figure is the combined populations of the People's Republic of China (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau), Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Republic of China (Taiwan) as listed at List of countries by population (last updated Feb 22, 2010).
- ^ a b c d "East Asia". encarta. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
East A·sia [ st áyə ] the countries, territories, and regions of China, Hong Kong, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Macau, and Taiwan.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b [1], Britannica Online Encyclopedia, saying: "The present political boundaries of China, which include Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Sinkiang, and the northeastern provinces formerly called Manchuria, embrace a far larger area of East Asia than will be discussed here...."
- ^ Plateaus, National Geographic Society
- ^ East Asian Region - Tibet
- ^ Department of East Asian Studies, University of Helsinki
- ^ a b Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ http://ieas.berkeley.edu/events/2004.03.13.html "Xinjiang: Central Asia or China?"
- ^ http://www.ceibs.edu/ase/Documents/rethinking.htm Rethinking Central Asia
- ^ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15095a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Turkestan
- ^ http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2008/05/22/china-reconnects-with-tajikistan.html China Invests in Central Asia Stability Through Tajikistan Xinjiang, a name meaning new territory in Mandarin, was militarily captured and annexed by China after World War II. Its 8 million residents are made up of mostly Muslim Turkic groups that include the Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Tatars, Kazakhs, and the Tajiks that profess affinity with Central Asia than with the local Han Chinese. refers to the indigenous people as being Central Asian
- ^ 9789622177901 Tredinnick, Jeremy and Christoph Baumer and Judy Bonavia. Xinjiang: China's Central Asia, -: Odyssey Publications, 2008.
- ^ Columbia University - "East Asian cultural sphere" "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all sh are adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system."
- ^ See, List of countries by population density
- ^ "Northeast Asia." Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved on August 10, 2009.
- ^ Chongho Kim, "Korean Shamanism", 2003 Ashgate Publishing
- ^ Andreas Anangguru Yewangoe, "Theologia crucis in Asia", 1987 Rodopi
- ^ "Background Note: South Korea". State. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2000-04-27.
Christianity (49% of religious population) comprises of South Korea's major religion.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ a b The Republic of China (ROC) has limited recognition within the international community as a sovereign state, see Political status of Taiwan Cite error: The named reference "ROC" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Columbia University East Asian Cultural Sphere
- ^ R. Keith Schopper's East Asia: Identities and Change in the Modern World [2]
- ^ Joshua A. Fogel (UC Santa Barbara/University of Indiana) Nationalism, the Rise of the Vernacular, and the Conceptualization of Modernization in East Asian Comparative Perspective [3]
- ^ United Nations Environment Programme (mentions sinosphere countries) Approaches to Solution of Eutrophication [4]
- ^ "Encarta Encyclopedia". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Discussed in Christopher M. Dent (2008), East Asian regionalism. London: Routledge, pp.1-8
- ^ Charles Harvie, Fukunari Kimura, and Hyun-Hoon Lee (2005), New East Asian regionalism. Cheltenham and Northamton: Edward Elgar, pp.3-6.
- ^ Peter J. Katzenstein and Takashi Shiraishi (2006), Beyond Japan: the dynamics of East Asian regionalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp.1-33
- ^ "Northeast Asia." Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved on August 10, 2009.
External links
