Hewlett-Packard

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"HP" redirects here. For other uses, see HP (disambiguation).
Hewlett-Packard Company
Company typePublic (NYSE: HPQ)
Dow Jones Industrial Average Component
IndustryComputer Systems
Computer Peripherals
Computer Software
IT consulting
IT Services
FoundedPalo Alto, California (1939)
FounderBill Hewlett
David Packard
Headquarters
3000 Hanover Street,[1] Palo Alto, California
,
USA
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Léo Apotheker
CEO[2]
ProductsComputer Monitors
Digital Cameras
Enterprise Software
Indigo Digital Press
Mobile Phones
Networking
Personal Computers and Laptops
Personal Digital Assistants
Printers
Scanners
Servers
Storage
Televisions
Telecommunications hardware and software
List of HP products
RevenueIncrease US$ 114.552 billion (2009)
Increase US$ 10.136 billion (2009)
Increase US$ 9.415 billion (2009)
Total assetsIncrease US$ 52.539 billion (2009)
Total equityIncrease US$ 38.942 billion (2009)
Number of employees
310,000 (after 3Com acquisition)(2009)[3]
SubsidiariesCompaq
Snapfish
HP Labs
ProCurve
HP Enterprise Services
VoodooPC
Palm, Inc.
HP CDS
List of acquisitions by HP
WebsiteHP.com
File:Bill and dave.jpg
HP founders Bill Hewlett and David Packard

Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly referred to as HP, is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA. The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, and is now one of the world's largest information technology companies, operating in nearly every country. HP specializes in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major product lines include personal computing devices, enterprise servers, related storage devices, as well as a diverse range of printers and other imaging products. HP markets its products to households, small- to medium-sized businesses and enterprises directly as well as via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply retailers, software partners and major technology vendors.

HP's posted net revenue in 2009 was $115 billion, with approximately $40 billion coming from services. In 2006, the intense competition between HP and IBM tipped in HP's favor, with HP posting revenue of US$91.7 billion,[5] compared to $91.4 billion for IBM; the gap between the companies widened to $21 billion in 2009. In 2007, HP's revenue was $104 billion,[6] making HP the first IT company in history to report revenues exceeding $100 billion.[7] In 2008 HP retained its global leadership position in inkjet, laser, large format and multi-function printers market, and its leadership position in the hardware industry.[8] Also HP became #2 globally in IT services as reported by IDC & Gartner.[9]

Major company changes include a spin-off of part of its business as Agilent Technologies in 1999, its merger with Compaq in 2002, and the acquisition of EDS in 2008, which led to combined revenues of $118.4 billion in 2008 and a Fortune 500 ranking of 9 in 2009.[9] In November 2009, HP announced the acquisition of 3Com;[10] with the deal closing on April 12, 2010.[11] On April 28, 2010, HP announced the buyout of Palm for $1.2 billion. On July 1, 2010, the acquisition of Palm was final.[citation needed] On September 2, 2010 won its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share offer ($2.07 billion) which Dell declined to match.[12]

On August 6, 2010 CEO Mark Hurd resigned.[13] Cathie Lesjak assumed the role interim CEO, and on September 30, 2010, Léo Apotheker became HP's new permenant CEO.

Company history

Further information: List of Hewlett-Packard executive leadership

Founding

Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard graduated in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1935. The company originated in a garage in nearby Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with a past professor, Frederick Terman at Stanford during the Great Depression. Terman was considered a mentor to them in forming Hewlett-Packard.[14] In 1939, Packard and Hewlett established Hewlett-Packard (HP) in Packard's garage with an initial capital investment of US$538.[15] Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett[16] Packard won the coin toss but named their electronics manufacturing enterprise the "Hewlett-Packard Company". HP incorporated on August 18, 1947, and went public on November 6, 1957.

Of the many projects they worked on, their very first financially successful product was a precision audio oscillator, the Model HP200A. Their innovation was the use of a small light bulb as a temperature dependent resistor in a critical portion of the circuit. This allowed them to sell the Model 200A for $54.40 when competitors were selling less stable oscillators for over $200. The Model 200 series of generators continued until at least 1972 as the 200AB, still tube-based but improved in design through the years. At 33 years, it was perhaps the longest-selling basic electronic design of all time.

One of the company's earliest customers was The Walt Disney Company, which bought eight Model 200B oscillators (at $71.50 each) for use in certifying the Fantasound surround sound systems installed in theaters for the movie Fantasia.

Early years

The company was originally rather unfocused, working on a wide range of electronic products for industry and even agriculture. Eventually they elected to focus on high-quality electronic test and measurement equipment.

From the 1940s until well into the 1990s the company concentrated on making electronic test equipment: signal generators, voltmeters, oscilloscopes, frequency counters, thermometers, time standards, wave analyzers, and many other instruments. A distinguishing feature was pushing the limits of measurement range and accuracy; many HP instruments were more sensitive, accurate, and precise than other comparable equipment.

Following the pattern set by the company's first product, the 200A, test instruments were labelled with three to five digits followed by the letter "A". Improved versions went to suffixes "B" through "E". As the product range grew wider HP started using product designators starting with a letter for accessories, supplies, software, and components.

The 1960s

HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley, although it did not actively investigate semiconductor devices until a few years after the "Traitorous Eight" had abandoned William Shockley to create Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957. Hewlett-Packard's HP Associates division, established around 1960, developed semiconductor devices primarily for internal use. Instruments and calculators were some of the products using these devices.

HP partnered in the 1960s with Sony and the Yokogawa Electric companies in Japan to develop several high-quality products. The products were not a huge success, as there were high costs in building HP-looking products in Japan. HP and Yokogawa formed a joint venture (Yokogawa-Hewlett-Packard) in 1963 to market HP products in Japan.[17] HP bought Yokogawa Electric's share of Hewlett-Packard Japan in 1999.[18]

HP spun off a small company, Dynac, to specialize in digital equipment. The name was picked so that the HP logo "hp" could be turned upside down to be an reverse reflect image of the logo "dy" of the new company. Eventually Dynac changed to Dymec, then was folded back into HP in 1959.[19] HP experimented with using Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputers with its instruments. But after deciding that it would be easier to build another small design team than deal with DEC, HP entered the computer market in 1966 with the HP 2100 / HP 1000 series of minicomputers. These had a simple accumulator-based design, with registers arranged somewhat similarly to the Intel x86 architecture still used today. The series was produced for 20 years, in spite of several attempts to replace it, and was a forerunner of the HP 9800 and HP 250 series of desktop and business computers.

The 1970s

The HP 3000 was an advanced stack-based design for a business computing server, later redesigned with RISC technology, that has only recently been retired from the market. The HP 2640 series of smart and intelligent terminals introduced forms-based interfaces to ASCII terminals, and also introduced screen labeled function keys, now commonly used on gas pumps and bank ATMs. The HP 2640 series included one of the first bit mapped graphics displays that when combined with the HP 2100 21MX F-Series microcoded Vector Instruction Set enabled the first commercial WYSIWYG Presentation Program, BRUNO that later became the program HP-Draw on the HP 3000. Although scoffed at in the formative days of computing, HP would eventually surpass even IBM as the world's largest technology vendor, in terms of sales.[20]

"The new Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer is ready, willing, and able ... to relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer."

HP is identified by Wired magazine as the producer of the world's first marketed, mass-produced personal computer, the Hewlett-Packard 9100A, introduced in 1968.[21] HP called it a desktop calculator because, as Bill Hewlett said, "If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers' computer gurus because it didn't look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and all such nonsense disappeared." An engineering triumph at the time, the logic circuit was produced without any integrated circuits; the assembly of the CPU having been entirely executed in discrete components. With CRT display, magnetic-card storage, and printer, the price was around $5000. The machine's keyboard was a cross between that of a scientific calculator and an adding machine. There was no alphabetic keyboard.

Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, originally designed the Apple I computer while working at HP and offered it to them under their right of first refusal to his work, but they did not take it up as the company wanted to stay in scientific, business, and industrial markets.[citation needed]

The company earned global respect for a variety of products. They introduced the world's first handheld scientific electronic calculator in 1972 (the HP-35), the first handheld programmable in 1974 (the HP-65), the first alphanumeric, programmable, expandable in 1979 (the HP-41C), and the first symbolic and graphing calculator, the HP-28C. Like their scientific and business calculators, their oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and other measurement instruments have a reputation for sturdiness and usability (the latter products are now part of spin-off Agilent's product line). The company's design philosophy in this period was summarized as "design for the guy at the next bench".[citation needed]

The 98x5 series of technical desktop computers started in 1975 with the 9815, and the cheaper 80 series, again of technical computers, started in 1979 with the 85.[22] These machines used a version of the BASIC programming language which was available immediately after they were switched on, and used a proprietary magnetic tape for storage. HP computers were similar in capabilities to the much later IBM Personal Computer, although the limitations of available technology forced prices to be high.[citation needed]

The 1980s

The garage in Palo Alto where Hewlett and Packard began their company

In 1984, HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop. Along with its scanner product line, these have later been developed into successful multifunction products, the most significant being single-unit printer/scanner/copier/fax machines. The print mechanisms in HP's tremendously popular LaserJet line of laser printers depend almost entirely on Canon's components (print engines), which in turn use technology developed by Xerox. HP develops the hardware, firmware, and software that convert data into dots for the mechanism to print.[citation needed]

On March 3, 1986, HP registered the HP.com domain name, making it the ninth Internet .com domain ever to be registered.[23]

In 1987, the Palo Alto garage where Hewlett and Packard started their business was designated as a California State historical landmark.

The 1990s

File:Hewlett-Packard logo.svg
Hewlett-Packard logo used until 2008

In the 1990s, HP expanded their computer product line, which initially had been targeted at university, research, and business users, to reach consumers.

HP also grew through acquisitions, buying Apollo Computer in 1989 and Convex Computer in 1995.

Later in the decade, HP opened hpshopping.com as an independent subsidiary to sell online, direct to consumers; in 2005, the store was renamed "HP Home & Home Office Store."

From 1995 to 1998, Hewlett-Packard were sponsors of the English football team Tottenham Hotspur.

In 1999, all of the businesses not related to computers, storage, and imaging were spun off from HP to form Agilent. Agilent's spin-off was the largest initial public offering in the history of Silicon Valley.[24] The spin-off created an $8 billion company with about 30,000 employees, manufacturing scientific instruments, semiconductors, optical networking devices, and electronic test equipment for telecom and wireless R&D and production.

In July 1999, HP appointed Carly Fiorina as CEO, the first female CEO of a company in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Fiorina served as CEO during the tech downturn of the early 2000s. During her tenure, the market value of HP halved and the company incurred heavy job losses.[25] The HP Board of Directors asked Fiorina to step down in 2005, and she resigned on February 9, 2005.

The 2000s

The current two dimensional HP logo used on corporate documents, letterheads, etc.
File:Stefani for HP.jpg
HP's recent campaign, The Computer is Personal Again, features several celebrity endorsements, including a TV commercial with Gwen Stefani.

On September 3, 2001, HP announced that an agreement had been reached with Compaq to merge the two companies.[26] In May, 2002, after passing a shareholder vote, HP officially merged with Compaq. Prior to this, plans had been in place to consolidate the companies' product teams and product lines.[27]

The merger occurred after a proxy fight with Bill Hewlett's son Walter, who objected to the merger. Compaq itself had bought Tandem Computers in 1997 (which had been started by ex-HP employees), and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998. Following this strategy, HP became a major player in desktops, laptops, and servers for many different markets. After the merger with Compaq, the new ticker symbol became "HPQ", a combination of the two previous symbols, "HWP" and "CPQ", to show the significance of the alliance and also key letters from the two companies Hewlett-Packard and Compaq (the latter company being famous for its "Q" logo on all of its products.)

In the year 2004 HP released the DV 1000 Series, including the HP Pavilion dv 1658 and 1040 two years later in May 2006, HP began its campaign, The Computer is Personal Again. The campaign was designed to bring back the fact that the PC is a personal product. The campaign utilized viral marketing, sophisticated visuals, and its own web site (www.hp.com/personal). Some of the ads featured well-known personalities, including Pharrell, Petra Nemcova, Mark Burnett, Mark Cuban, Jay-Z, Gwen Stefani, and Shaun White.

On May 13, 2008, HP and Electronic Data Systems announced[28] that they had signed a definitive agreement under which HP would purchase EDS. On June 30, HP announced[29] that the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 had expired. "The transaction still requires EDS stockholder approval and regulatory clearance from the European Commission and other non-U.S. jurisdictions and is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the other closing conditions specified in the merger agreement." The agreement was finalized on August 26, 2008, and it was publicly announced that EDS would be re-branded "EDS an HP company." As of September 23, 2009, EDS is known as HP Enterprise Services.

On November 11, 2009, 3Com and Hewlett-Packard announced that Hewlett-Packard would be acquiring 3Com for $2.7 billion in cash.[30] The acquisition is one of the biggest in size among a series of takeovers and acquisitions by technology giants to push their way to become one-stop shops. Since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2007, tech giants have constantly felt the pressure to expand beyond their current market niches. Dell purchased Perot Systems recently to invade into the technology consulting business area previously dominated by IBM. Hewlett-Packard's latest move marked its incursion into enterprise networking gear market dominated by Cisco.

The 2010s

On April 28, 2010, Palm, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard announced that HP would be acquiring Palm for 1.2 billion in cash and debt,[31] the deal officially closed on July 1, 2010.[32] In the months leading up to the buyout it was rumored that Palm was going to be purchased by either HTC, Dell, RIM or HP. The addition of Palm handsets to the HP product line provides some overlap with the current iPAQ mobile products but will significantly increase their mobile presence as those devices have not been selling well. The addition of Palm brings HP a library of valuable patents as well the mobile operating platform known as webOS. On July 1, 2010, the acquisition of Palm was final. On September 2, 2010 won its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share offer ($2.07 billion) which Dell declined to match.

On August 6, 2010 CEO Mark Hurd resigned and CFO Cathie Lesjak assumed the role of interim CEO. On September 30, 2010, Léo Apotheker was named as HP's new CEO and President[33].

Facilities

The main entrance to Hewlett-Packard corporate headquarters in Palo Alto, California

HP's global operations are directed from its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, USA. Its U.S. operations are directed from its facility in Houston, Texas, USA, the site originally belonging to Compaq, which it acquired. Latin America operations are directed from Miami, Florida, USA, European operations from Geneva, Switzerland, and Asia-Pacific operations from Singapore.[34][35][36] It also has large operations in Boise, Idaho, Roseville, California, San Diego, California, and Plano, Texas (the former headquarters of EDS, which HP acquired). In the UK, HP is based out of a large site in Bracknell, Berkshire with offices in various UK locations, including a landmark office tower in London, 88 Wood Street. Its recent acquisition of 3Com will expand its employee base to Marlborough, Massachusetts.[37]

Products and organizational structure

HP has successful lines of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs, servers, workstation computers, and computers for home and small business use computers; many of the computers came from the 2002 merger with Compaq. HP today promotes itself as supplying not just hardware and software, but also a full range of services to design, implement, and support IT infrastructure.

HP's Imaging and Printing Group (IPG) is "the leading imaging and printing systems provider in the world for printer hardware, printing supplies and scanning devices, providing solutions across customer segments from individual consumers to small and medium businesses to large enterprises."[38] Products and technology associated with IPG include Inkjet and LaserJet printers, consumables and related products, Officejet all-in-one multifunction printer/scanner/faxes, Large Format Printers, Indigo Digital Press, HP Web Jetadmin printer management software, HP Output Management suite of software, LightScribe optical recording technology, HP Photosmart digital cameras and photo printers, HP SPaM, and Snapfish by HP, a photo sharing and photo products service. On December 23, 2008, HP released iPrint Photo for iPhone a free downloadable software application that allows the printing of 4" x 6" photos.[39]

HP's Personal Systems Group (PSG) claims to be "one of the leading vendors of personal computers ("PCs") in the world based on unit volume shipped and annual revenue."[38] PSG includes business PCs and accessories, consumer PCs and accessories, (e.g., HP Pavilion, Compaq Presario, VoodooPC), handheld computing (e.g., iPAQ Pocket PC), and digital "connected" entertainment (e.g., HP MediaSmart TVs, HP MediaSmart Servers, HP MediaVaults, DVD+RW drives). HP resold the Apple iPod until November 2005.[38]

HP Enterprise Business (EB) incorporates Technical services, Enterprise Services (formerly known as EDS), HP Software & Solutions, and Enterprise Servers, Storage and Networking Group (ESSN). The Enterprise Servers, Storage and Networking Group (ESSN) oversees "back end" products like storage and servers. HP's networking business unit ProCurve is responsible for the family of network switches, wireless access points, and routers.[40] They are currently a business unit of ESSN.

HP Software & Solutions is the company's enterprise software division. For years, HP has produced and marketed its brand of enterprise management software, HP OpenView. HP has purchased a total of 12 software companies as part of a publicized, deliberate strategy to augment its software offerings for large business customers.[41] The division markets its software in four categories: HP IT Management Software (also known as business technology optimization software), HP Information Management Software, business intelligence solutions, and communications and media software and solutions.

An HP camera with an SDIO interface

HP's Office of Strategy and Technology[42] has four main functions: (1) steering the company's $3.6 billion research and development investment, (2) fostering the development of the company's global technical community, (3) leading the company's strategy and corporate development efforts,[43] and (4) performing worldwide corporate marketing activities. Under this office is HP Labs, the research arm of HP. Founded in 1966, HP Labs's function is to deliver new technologies and to create business opportunities that go beyond HP's current strategies. An example of recent HP Lab technology includes the Memory spot chip. HP IdeaLab further provides a web forum on early-state innovations to encourage open feedback from consumers and the development community.[44]

HP also offers managed services where they provide complete IT-support solutions for other companies and organisations. Some examples of these are: A large activity is HP offering "Professional Support" and desktop "Premier Support" for Microsoft in the EMEA marketplace. This is done from the Clonskeagh office in Dublin, Sofia and Israel. Support is offered on the line of Microsoft operation systems, Exchange, Sharepoint and some office-applications.[45]. But HP also offers outsourced services for companies like Bank of Ireland, some UK banks, the U.S. defense forces, etc.

Snapfish

File:Snapfish screenshot.PNG
HP owns and operates the photo sharing site Snapfish.

Snapfish was launched in April 2000 by entrepreneurs Rajil Kapoor, Suneet Wadhwa, Shripati Acharya, and Bala Parthasarathy and is based in San Francisco, California. In 2004, Snapfish opened a physical retail store in Alexandria, Virginia, but since they were purchased by HP in 2005, they currently do not maintain any retail stores.

Snapfish offers free membership with unlimited photo storage. Members can use their uploaded photos to share and to create photo products. Snapfish allows members to download low resolution copies of the images they uploaded for free. However, if members want to download high resolution, as opposed to the low resulotion copies, or even original copies of their own uploaded images, Snapfish charges a per-image fee for each download.

Culture

File:HP way.jpg
The company operates under a mantra known as "The HP Way," which co-founder David Packard elaborated upon in a book.

The founders, known to friends and employees alike as Bill and Dave, developed a unique management style that has come to be known as The HP Way. In Bill's words, the HP Way is "a core ideology ... which includes a deep respect for the individual, a dedication to affordable quality and reliability, a commitment to community responsibility, and a view that the company exists to make technical contributions for the advancement and welfare of humanity."[46] The following are the tenets of The HP Way:[47]

  1. We have trust and respect for individuals.
  2. We focus on a high level of achievement and contribution.
  3. We conduct our business with uncompromising integrity.
  4. We achieve our common objectives through teamwork.
  5. We encourage flexibility and innovation.

Corporate social responsibility

In July 2007, the company announced that it had met its target, set in 2004, to recycle one billion pounds of electronics, toner and ink cartridges.[48] It has set a new goal of recycling a further two billion pounds of hardware by the end of 2010. In 2006, the company recovered 187 million pounds of electronics, 73 percent more than its closest competitor.[49]

In 2008, HP released its supply chain emissions data – an industry first.[50]

In September 2009, Newsweek ranked HP #1 on its 2009 Green Rankings of America's 500 largest corporations.[51] According to environmentalleader.com, "Hewlett-Packard earned its number one position due to its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction programs, and was the first major IT company to report GHG emissions associated with its supply chain, according to the ranking. In addition, HP has made an effort to remove toxic substances from its products, though Greenpeace has targeted the company for not doing better."[52]

HP took the top spot on Corporate Responsibility Magazine's 100 Best Corporate Citizens List for 2010.[53] The list is cited by PR Week as one of America's most important business rankings. HP beat out other Russell 1000 Index companies because of its leadership in seven categories including environment, climate changes and corporate philanthropy. In 2009, HP was ranked fifth.[54]

Fortune magazine named HP one of the World’s Most Admired Companies in 2010, placing it No. 2 in the computer industry and No. 32 overall in its list of the top 50. This year in the computer industry HP was ranked No. 1 in social responsibility, long-term investment, global competitiveness, and use of corporate assets.[55]

In April 2010, HP released its latest Global Responsibility report covering accomplishments during 2009.[56] The report claims that in 2009, HP decreased its total energy use by 9 percent compared with 2008. HP recovered a total of 118,000 tonnes of electronic products and supplies for recycling in 2009, including 61 million print cartridges.[57]

In an April 2010 San Francisco Chronicle article, HP was one of 12 companies commended for "designing products to be safe from the start, following the principles of green chemistry." The commendations came from Environment California, an environmental advocacy group, who praised select companies in the Golden State and the Bay Area for their efforts to keep our planet clean and green.[58]

In May 2010, HP was named one of the World’s Most Ethical Companies by Ethisphere Institute. This is the second year in a row HP has made the list. Ethisphere reviewed, researched and analyzed thousands of nominations in more than 100 countries and 35 industries to create the 2010 list. HP was one of only 100 companies to earn the distinction of top winner and was the only computer hardware vendor to be recognized. Ethisphere honors firms that promote ethical business standards and practices by going beyond legal minimums, introducing innovative ideas that benefit the public.[59]

HP is listed in Greenpeace’s Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks electronics manufacturers according to their policies on toxic chemicals, recycling and climate change. In May 2010, HP ranked 8th out of 18 leading electronics makers. Greenpeace gives HP credit for its active support to improve the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive but calls for the company to eliminate harmful substances in its products.[60] HP aims to complete its phase out of toxic vinyl plastic (PVC) and brominated flame retardands (BFRs) in 2011.[61] It was the first PC maker after Apple Inc. to launch a desktop free of PVC and BFRs.[62]

Brand and legacy

According to a Business Week Study, HP is currently the world´s 11th most valuable brand.[63] Since its creation, the HP Logo has remained largely the same. Because of its extreme simplicity, the logo is recognized all over the world.

A Hewlett-Packard sponsored Porsche 997 GT3 Cuo
The company sponsors the HP Pavilion at San Jose, home to the NHL's San Jose Sharks.

HP has many sponsorships. One well known sponsorship is of Walt Disney World's Epcot Park's Mission: SPACE. Others can be found on Hewlett-Packard's website.[64] From 1995 to 1999 they were the shirt sponsor of English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur. They also sponsored the BMW Williams Formula 1 team until 2006 (a sponsorship formerly held by Compaq), and as of 2010 sponsor Renault F1. Hewlett-Packard also has the naming rights arrangement for the HP Pavilion at San Jose, home of the San Jose Sharks NHL hockey team.

Agilent Technologies, not HP, retains the direct product legacy of the original company founded in 1939. Agilent's current portfolio of electronic instruments are descended from HP's very earliest products. HP entered the computer business only after its instrumentation competencies were well-established. When Agilent was spun off, items in the Corporate Archives were split-up along product lines, with Agilent retaining almost all of the original HP archives - only where there was duplication of material, was HP given early Test and Measurement material. Both companies retained an original 200A Audio Oscillator.

After the acquisition of Compaq in 2002, HP has maintained the "Compaq Presario" brand on low-end home desktops and laptops, the "HP Compaq" brand on business desktops and laptops, and the "HP ProLiant" brand on Intel-architecture servers. (The "HP Pavilion" brand is used on home entertainment laptops and all home desktops.)[65]

HP uses DEC's "StorageWorks" brand on storage systems; Tandem's "NonStop" servers are now branded as "HP Integrity NonStop".[66]

Controversy

Main article: HP spying scandal

On September 5, 2006, Newsweek revealed that HP's general counsel, at the behest of chairwoman Patricia Dunn, contracted a team of independent security experts to investigate board members and several journalists in order to identify the source of an information leak.[67] In turn, those security experts recruited private investigators who used a spying technique known as pretexting. The pretexting involved investigators impersonating HP board members and nine journalists (including reporters for CNET, the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal) in order to obtain their phone records. The information leaked related to HP's long-term strategy and was published as part of a CNET article[68] in January 2006. Most HP employees accused of criminal acts have since been acquitted.[69]

Hewlett-Packard has also been at the center of a fiasco in recent years. In November 2007, Hewlett-Packard released a BIOS update covering a wide range of laptops with the intent to speed up the computer fan as well as have it run constantly, whether the computer was on or off.[70] The reason was to prevent the overheating of defective NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs) that had been shipped to many of the original equipment manufacturers, including Hewlett-Packard, Dell, and Apple.[71] In July 2008, HP revealed an extension to the initial one-year warranty covering a few of the affected computers, but leaving many more without the protection, despite research showing that these computers were also affected.[72] Since this point, several websites have been documenting the issue, most notably www.hplies.com, a forums dedicated to what they refer to as Hewlett-Packard's "multi-million dollar cover up" of the issue. There have been several small claims lawsuits filed in several states, as well as suits being filed in other countries. There is also a class-action lawsuit similar to the ZD7000 class-action lawsuit that was filed several years ago.[specify]

See also

References

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  2. ^ HP CEO Mark Hurd Resigns; CFO Cathie Lesjak Appointed Interim CEO
  3. ^ "HP Newsroom:Fast Facts". Retrieved 2008-11-11.
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  15. ^ HP History: HP's Garage
  16. ^ HP Company Information. HP Interactive Timeline.
  17. ^ HP History : 1960s
  18. ^ Yokogawa Electric Corporation and Hewlett-Packard Company Announce "Hewlett-Packard Japan to become Wholly Owned HP Subsidiary" HP and Yokogawa Sign Agreement
  19. ^ Dynac DY-2500 at HP Virtual Museum
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  21. ^ Wired 8.12
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  23. ^ VB.com Domain Timeline
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  25. ^ HP's share price moved from 45.36 to 20.14 during Fiorina's leadership, a performance of -56% (share price data from Bloomberg); the market as a whole, as measured by the benchmark Dow Jones U.S. Large Cap Technology Index, fell by 51% between 1999-07-19 and 2005-02-09.
  26. ^ "HP Press Release: Hewlett-Packard and Compaq Agree to Merge, Creating $87 Billion Global Technology Leader". Hp.com. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  27. ^ "HP Press Release: HP Closes Compaq Merger". Hp.com. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  28. ^ press release
  29. ^ HP Press Release: HP Announces Expiration of Waiting Period Under HSR Act
  30. ^ "HP to Acquire 3Com for $2.7 Billion". Hp.com. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  31. ^ "HP to Acquire Palm for $1.2 Billion". Hp.com. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  32. ^ VentureBeat, Dean Takahashi. "HP Closes deal on $1.2B acquisition of Palm." July 1, 2010.
  33. ^ http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2010/100930c.html
  34. ^ "HP Online privacy statement". Welcome.hp.com. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  35. ^ "HP Office locations". Hp.com. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  36. ^ http://welcome.hp.com/country/us/en/Worldwide_Dir5.pdf
  37. ^ "San Jose Mercury News: HP's acquisitions cement company's No. 1 status". Chris O'Brien. April 2010
  38. ^ a b c http://www.shareholder.com/Common/Edgar/47217/1047469-05-28479/05-00.pdf
  39. ^ [1][dead link]
  40. ^ HP ProCurve Networking – Network of Choice
  41. ^ HP Press release archives
  42. ^ HP Executive Team Bios: Shane Robison
  43. ^ ProCurve Networking by HP – Features
  44. ^ Title of backgrounder
  45. ^ HP-MS support deal
  46. ^ Hewlett-Packard Alumni "HP Way" page
  47. ^ "The HP Way - Hewlett-Packard Alumni". Hpalumni.org. 2000-10-19. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  48. ^ "HP Meets Billion Pound Recycling Goal Six Months Early, Sets Target for 2 Billion Pounds by 2010". My Solution Info. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  49. ^ Official HP Global Citizenship report 2009
  50. ^ "HP Steps Up IT Industry Transparency, Releases Supply Chain Emissions Data". Retrieved 2009-10-21.
  51. ^ "Hewlett-Packard – Green Rating". newsweek.com. Newsweek, Inc. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
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  54. ^ Coster, Helen (March 3, 2010). "The 100 Best Corporate Citizens". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
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  57. ^ HP Global Citizenship Report for 2009
  58. ^ Ross, Andrew S. (April 16, 2010). "State firms praised for purging toxic chemicals". San Francisco Chronicle.
  59. ^ "2010 World’s Most Ethical Companies. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
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  62. ^ "Which companies are phasing out PVC and BFRs". Greenpeace International. Retrieved 2010-08-17. {{cite web}}: Text "Greenpeace International" ignored (help)
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  65. ^ HP United States – Computers, Laptops, Servers, Printers & more
  66. ^ Large Enterprise Business IT products, services, and solutions – HP
  67. ^ Suspicions and Spies in Silicon Valley | Newsweek Business |Newsweek.com
  68. ^ HP outlines long-term strategy |CNET News.com
  69. ^ Calif. court drops charges against Dunn
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