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Dan Shechtman

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Dan Shechtman
File:Shechtman Technion.jpg
Born (1941-01-24) January 24, 1941 (age 83)
Tel Aviv, Israel
CitizenshipIsrael
Alma materTechnion - Israel Institute of Technology
Known forQuasicrystals
AwardsWeizmann Science Award (1993)
Wolf Prize in Physics (1998)
Israel Prize (1999)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2011)
Scientific career
FieldsMaterials Science
InstitutionsWright Patterson Air Force Base
Johns Hopkins University
NIST
Iowa State University
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology

Dan Shechtman (Hebrew: דן שכטמן) (born January 24, 1941 in Tel Aviv)[1] is the Philip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, an Associate of the US Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory, and Professor of Materials Science at Iowa State University. On April 8, 1982, while on sabbatical at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., Shechtman discovered the icosahedral phase, which opened the new field of quasiperiodic crystals.[2] He was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "the discovery of quasicrystals".[3]

File:Shechtman (2).jpg
Distinguished Prof. Dan Shechtman, 2011 Nobel Laureate, at Technion - Israel Institute of Technology in 2011.
File:Nobel Prize Press Conference, Technion.jpg
Technion President Peretz Lavie, Dan Shechtman and Wayne Kaplan at the Nobel Prize press conference at Technion, Israel.

Career

After receiving his Ph.D. in Materials Engineering from the Technion in 1972, where he also obtained his B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering in 1966 and M.Sc. in Materials Engineering in 1968,[1] Prof. Shechtman was an NRC fellow at the Aerospace Research Laboratories at Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio, where he studied for three years the microstructure and physical metallurgy of titanium aluminides. In 1975 he joined the department of materials engineering at Technion. In 1981-1983 he was on Sabbatical at Johns Hopkins University, where he studied rapidly solidified aluminum transition metal alloys (joint program with NBS). During this study he discovered the Icosahedral Phase which opened the new field of quasiperiodic crystals. Shechtman experienced several years of hostility toward his non-periodic interpretation (no less a figure than Linus Pauling said he was "talking nonsense" and "There is no such thing as quasicrystals, only quasi-scientists." [4]) before others began to confirm and accept it.[5] [6]

Shechtman's Nobel Prize's winning work was in the area of quasicrystals, ordered crystalline materials lacking repeating structures, such as this Ag-Al alloy.

Through Shechtman's discovery, several other groups were able to form similar quasicrystals, finding these materials to have low thermal and electrical conductivity, while possessing high structural stability. Quasicrystals have also been found naturally. Quasicrystalline materials could be used in a large number of applications, including the formation of durable steel used for fine instrumentation, and non-stick insulation for electrical wires and cooking equipment.[7] [8] For this discovery, Shechtman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2011.[7]

In 1992-1994 he was on sabbatical at National Institute of Standards and Technology, where he studied the effect of the defect structure of CVD diamond on its growth and properties. Prof. Shechtman's Technion research is conducted in the Louis Edelstein Center, and in the Wolfson Centre which is headed by him. He served on several Technion Senate Committees and headed one of them.

Shechtman joined the Iowa State faculty in 2004. He currently spends about five months a year in Ames on a part-time appointment.[9][10]

Family

Dan Shechtman is married to Prof. Tzipora Shechtman, Head of the Department of Counseling and Human Development at Haifa University, and author of two books on psychotherapy.[11][12] They have a son Yoav Shechtman (a PhD student in material science) and three daughters - Tamar Finkelstein, Ella Shechtman-Cory (a PhD in clinical psychology), and Ruth Dougoud-Nevo (also a PhD in clinical psychology).[13][14]

Awards

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Dan Shechtman - Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
  2. ^ "Israeli Wins Chemistry Nobel For Quasicrystals". npr.org. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  3. ^ a b "Daniel Shechtman - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  4. ^ Ridiculed crystal work wins Nobel for Israeli, Reuters, October 5, 2011
  5. ^ Bradley, David (Oct. 5, 2011). "Dan Shechtman discusses quasicrystals". ScienceBase. Retrieved 5 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Shechtman video interview
  6. ^ http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/clear-as-crystal-1.353504
  7. ^ a b Van Noorden, Richard (2011-10-05). "Impossible crystals snag chemistry Nobel". nature. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  8. ^ Carpenter, Jennifer (2011-10-05). "Nobel win for crystal discovery". BBC. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  9. ^ Iowa State prof wins Nobel in chemistry (Chicago Tribune, October 5, 2011)
  10. ^ Iowa State, Ames Laboratory, Technion Scientist Wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry
  11. ^ Professor Zipora Shechtman
  12. ^ He deserves it, wife of 2011 Nobel Chemistry laureate says
  13. ^ Shechtman Wins Chemistry Nobel for Crystal Find
  14. ^ Genealogy of the Shechtman family
  15. ^ Asaf Shtull-Trauring, "Israel's Daniel Shechtman wins 2011 Nobel Prize in chemistry", Haaertz, October 4, 2011
  16. ^ "Wolf Prize Recipients in Physics". Wolffund.org.il. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  17. ^ "Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1998 (in Hebrew)".

Further reading

  • D. P. DiVincenzo and P. J. Steinhardt, eds. 1991. Quasicrystals: The State of the Art. Directions in Condensed Matter Physics, Vol 11. ISBN 981-02-0522-8.

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