User:Rkmlai/List of geochronologic names
This is a list of official and unofficial names for time spans in the geologic timescale and units of chronostratigraphy. Since many of the smallest subdivisions of the geologic timescale were in the past defined on regional lithostratigraphic units, there are many alternative names that overlap. The body concerned with standardizing the names of geochronologic units is the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In 2008 however, even though the Phanerozoic eon is almost completely divided in internationally recognizable units, local subdivisions are often still preferred over the international ones.
List
| Name (English)[1] | base/start (Ma)[2] | top/end (Ma)[2] | status | usage | named after | author, year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | |||||||
| Aalenian | 175.6 ± 2.0 | 171.6 ± 3.0 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Aalen (Germany) | ||
| Abereiddian | 471.8 ± 1.6 | 464 | age (Ordovician) | regional | Abereiddy (Wales) | ||
| Actonian | 454 | 453 | age (Ordovician) | regional | Acton Scott (England) | ||
| Adelaidean | 1,300 | 542 | age (Proterozoic) | Australia | Adelaide | ||
| Aegean | 245 ± 1.5 | 244 | age (Triassic) | Europe | Aegean Sea | ||
| Aeronian | 439.0 ± 1.8 | 436.0 ± 1.9 | age (Silurian) | ICS | Cwm-coed-aeron (Wales) | Cocks et al., 1971 | |
| Aftonian | 0.6 | 0.48 | age (Pleistocene) | North America | |||
| Agenian | 23 | 20.4 | ELMMZ (Miocene) | Europe | Agen (France) | ||
| Aimchanian | 1100 | age (Proterozoic) | Siberia | ||||
| Aksayan | 493 | 491.5 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Alaunian | 216 | 211 | sub-age (Triassic) | Europe | |||
| Albertan | epoch (Cambrian) | North America | |||||
| Albian | 112.0 ± 1.0 | 99.6 ± 0.9 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Albia, Latin name of the river Aube (France) | d'Orbigny, 1842 | |
| Alding(i)an | 36 | 30 | age (Eocene) | Australia | |||
| Algonkian | 543 | age (Proterozoic) | international | Algonquian native peoples of Canada | |||
| Allerød | 13,350 BP | 12,700 BP | chronozone (Weichselian) | Northern Europe | Allerød (Denmark) | ||
| Alportian | 324.5 | 318.1 ± 1.3 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | Alport (England) | ||
| Altonian | 19.0 | 15.9 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | Alton | ||
| Amazonian | ~1,800 | present | Martian epoch | Mars | Amazonis Planitia | ||
| Amgan | 513.0 ± 2.0 | 502 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Amstelian | 2.588 | 2.40 | super-age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | river Amstel | Harmer, 1896 | |
| Anglian | 0.465 | 0.418 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | East Anglia | ||
| Animikean | 2,225 | 1,400 | age (Proterozoic) | North America (obsolete) | |||
| Anisian | 245.0 ± 1.5 | 237.0 ± 2.0 | age (Triassic) | ICS | Anisus, Latin name for the river Enns (Austria) | ||
| Antian | ~2.12 | ~2.0 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | River Ant (England) | ||
| Antwerpian | ± 21 | ± 12 | age (Miocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Antwerp | Gogels, 1879 | |
| Aphebian | 2500 | 1600 | age (Proterozoic) | North America | |||
| Aptian | 125.0 ± 1.0 | 112.0 ± 1.0 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Apt (France) | d'Orbigny, 1840 | |
| Aquatraversian | 2.588 | 2.4 | age (Pleistocene) | Italy | |||
| Aquilan | 85.2 | 82.2 | NALMA (Cretaceous) | North America | |||
| Aquitanian | 23.03 | 20.43 | age (Miocene) | ICS | Aquitaine | ||
| Archean | none | 2,500 | eon | ICS | |||
| Arenig(-ian) | epoch (Ordovician) | Europe | Arenig Fawr (Wales) | Sedgwick, 1847; Fearnsides 1905 | |||
| Arikareean | 30.8 | 20.6 | super-age (Oligo-Miocene) | North America | |||
| Arnold | 43.0 | 34.3 | epoch (Paleogene) | New Zealand | Arnold River | ||
| Arnsbergian | 326 | 325 | sub-age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Arowhanan | 95.2 | 92.1 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | Arowhana | ||
| Arshantan | 52.1 | 46.2 | ALMA (Eocene) | Asia | |||
| Artinskian | 284.4 ± 0.7 | 275.6 ± 0.7 | age (Permian) | ICS | Arti (Russia) | Karpinski, 1874 | |
| Arundian | 341 | 339 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Asbian | 337.5 | 333 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Ashbyan | age (Ordovician) | North America | |||||
| Ashgill(-ian) | epoch (Ordovician) | Europe | Ashgill (Scotland) | ||||
| Asselian | 299.0 ± 0.8 | 294.6 ± 0.8 | age (Permian) | ICS | river Assel (Kazakhstan) | Ruzhenchev, 1954 | |
| Astaracian | 15 | 11.1 | ELMMZ (Miocene) | Europe | The Astarac (France) | ||
| Asturian | 305 | age (Carboniferous) | Europe | Asturias | |||
| Atdabanian | 530 | 524 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Atlantic | 5,660 BP | 9,220 BP | chronozone (Holocene) | Northern Europe | the Atlantic Ocean | Blytt, 1876 | |
| Atokan | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||||
| Aurelucian | 460.9 | 457 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | |||
| Austinian | age (Cretaceous) | south and east of the US | Austin, Texas | Murray, 1961 | |||
| Autunian | ~300 | ~275 | age (Carboniferous-Permian) | Europe | Autun (France) | ||
| Avernian | 29.2 | 23.03 | ELMMZ (Oligocene) | Europe | |||
| Awamoan | 20.0 | 17.5 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Ayusokkanian | 501.0 ± 2.0 | 494.5 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Azoic see Archean | |||||||
| B | |||||||
| Badenian | 16.0 | 13.3 | age (Miocene) | Paratethys | Baden (Austria) | Papp & Cicha, 1968 | |
| Baikalian | 850 | 650 | age (Proterozoic) | Siberia | Lake Baikal | ||
| Bairnsdalian | 15.0 | 10.5 | age (Miocene) | Australia | |||
| Baishaean | 433 | 429 | age (Silurian) | China | |||
| Bajocian | 171.6 ± 3.0 | 167.7 ± 3.5 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Bayeux (France) | d'Orbigny | |
| Balcombian | 15.5 | 15.0 | age (Miocene) | Australia | |||
| Baotan | 460.9 | 454.5 | age (Ordovician) | China | |||
| Barremian | 130.0 ± 1.5 | 125.0 ± 1.0 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Barrême (France) | Coquand, 1873 | |
| Barruelian | age (Carboniferous) | Europe | |||||
| Barstovian | 16.3 | 13.6 | age (Miocene) | North America | |||
| Bartonian | 37.2 ± 0.1 | 40.4 ± 0.2 | age (Eocene) | ICS | Barton-on-Sea (South England) | Mayer-Eymar, 1857 | |
| Bashkirian | 318.1 ± 1.3 | 311.7 ± 1.1 | age (Carboniferous) | ICS | Bashkortostan | ||
| Basin Groups 1-9 | 4,150 | 3,850 | subperiod (Prenectarium) | Moon (unofficial) | groups of impact basins | ||
| Batesfordian | 16.5 | 15.5 | age (Miocene) | Australia | |||
| Bathonian | 167.7 ± 3.5 | 164.7 ± 4.0 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Bath (England) | ||
| Batyrbayan | 491.5 | 488.3 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Bavel Interglacial | 1.03 | 0.96 | age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | Bavel | ||
| Bavelian | 1.03 | 0.85 | super-age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | Bavel | ||
| Baventian | ~2.0 | ~1.87 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Easton Bavents (England) | West, 1961 | |
| Bedoulian | 129.97 | 125.0 | sub-age (Cretaceous) | regional | |||
| Beestonian | 1.77 | ~0.8 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Beeston, Norfolk (England) | ||
| Belvédère Interglacial | 0.338 | 0.324 | age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | quarry "Belvédère" (Maastricht) | ||
| Bendigonian | 473.5 | 471.8 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | Bendigo, Victoria | ||
| Berriasian | 145.5 ± 4.0 | 140.2 ± 3.0 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Berrias (France) | ||
| Biber Glacial | ~2.5 | 2.35 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | river Biber (Germany) | ||
| Biber-Donau | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | |||||
| Blancan | 4.9 | 1.8 | age (Plio-Pleistocene) | North America | |||
| Black River(-an) | age (Ordovician) | North America | |||||
| Bolderian | <21 | >16 | age (Miocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Bolderberg | Dumont, 1850 | |
| Bolindian | 450 | 443.7 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | |||
| Bølling | 13,730 BP | 13,480 BP | chronozone (Weichselian) | Northern Europe | Bølling Sø (Denmark) | ||
| Bolsovian | age (Carboniferous) | Europe | Bolsover (England) | ||||
| Boomerangian | 504 | 501 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Boreal | 10,640 BP | 9,220 BP | chronozone (Holocene) | Northern Europe | boreal zone in ecology | Blytt, 1876 | |
| Bortonian | 43.0 | 37.0 | age (Eocene) | New Zealand | Bortons | ||
| Botomian | 524 | 518.5 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Bramertonian | ~2.12 | ~2.0 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Bramerton Pits (England) | Funnell, Norton, West and Mayhew, 1979 | |
| Bridgerian | 50.3 | 46.2 | age (Eocene) | North America | |||
| Brigantian | 336 | 326.4 ± 1.6 | age (Carboniferous) | North America, Europe | Brigantes (Celtic tribe) | ||
| Brioverian | ~680 | ~600 | age (Neoproterozoic) | Armorican Massif, France | |||
| Brüggenian | 2.588 | 2.4 | chronozone (Pleistocene) | Northwest Europe | |||
| Brunssumian | 5.3 | 3.6 | chronozone (Pliocene) | Northwest Europe | Brunssum (The Netherlands) | ||
| Bulitian | 55.8 | 53 | age (Eocene) | California | |||
| Bumbanian (Eocene) | 55.7 | 52.1 | ALMA | Asia | |||
| Buntsandstein[3] | 251.0 ± 0.4 | 246.6[4] | epoch/subperiod (Triassic) | Europe | German: bunte Sandstein = coloured sandstone | Von Alberti, 1834 | |
| Burdigalian | 20.43 | 15.97 | age (Miocene) | ICS | Latin: Burdigala = Bordeaux (France) | Depéret, 1892 | |
| Burrellian | 457 | 455 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | Glenburrell (England) | ||
| Burzyan | 1,400 | 1,375 | age (Proterozoic) | Russia | |||
| C | |||||||
| Caerfai | 542 ± 0.2 | 513 ± 2 | age (Cambrian) | Europe (obsolete) | Caerfai Bay (Wales) | ||
| Calabrian | 1.806 | 0.781 | age (Pleistocene) | Southern Europe | Calabria | ||
| Callovian | 164.7 ± 4.0 | 161.2 ± 4.0 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Kellaways (England) | d'Orbigny | |
| Calymmian | 1,600 | 1,400 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | |||
| Cambrian | 542.0 ± 1.0 | 488.3 ± 1.7 | period (Paleozoic) | ICS | Cambria (Latin for Wales) | Sedgwick, 1835 | |
| Campanian | 83.5 ± 0.7 | 70.6 ± 0.6 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Champagne (France) | Coquand, 1857 | |
| Canadian | epoch (Ordovician) | North America | |||||
| Cantabrian | 305 | age (Carboniferous) | Europe | ||||
| Capitanian | 265.8 ± 0.7 | 260.4 ± 0.7 | age (Permian) | ICS | Capitan Reef (Texas, US) | ||
| Caradocian | 460.9 | 449.5 | epoch(Ordovician) | Europe | Caradoc (Welsh king) | Murchison, 1839 | |
| Carboniferous | 359.2 ± 2.5 | 299.0 ± 0.8 | period (Paleozoic) | ICS | carbon | Conybeare & Phillips, 1822 | |
| Carixian | 189.6 ± 1.5 | sub-age (Jurassic) | regional | ||||
| Carnian | 228.0 ± 2.0 | 216.5 ± 2.0 | age (Triassic) | ICS | Carnic Alps (Austria) | Mojsisovics, 1869 | |
| Carpentarian | 1,800 | 1,300 | age (Proterozoic) | Australia | Gulf of Carpentaria | ||
| Casamajoran | 54 | 48 | age (Eocene) | South America | |||
| Cassian | 1.1 | 0.8 | age (Pleistocene) | Italy | |||
| Cassinian | 473 | 471.8 | sub-age (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Castlecliffian | 1.63 | 0.34 | age (Pleistocene) | New Zealand | Castlecliff | ||
| Castlemanian | 471 | 470 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | Castlemaine | ||
| Cautleyan | 447.5 | 446.5 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | Cautley Spout (England) | ||
| Cayugan | 421.3 ± 2.6 | 416.0 ± 2.8 | age (Silurian) | North America | |||
| Cenomanian | 99.6 ± 0.9 | 93.5 ± 0.8 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Latin: Cenomanium = Le Mans (France) | d'Orbigny, 1847 | |
| Cenozoic | 65.5 ± 0.3 | present | era | ICS | new life | Phillips, 1847 | |
| Cernaysian | 55.9 | 55.0 | ELMMZ (Paleocene) | Europe | |||
| Cisuralian | 299.0 ± 0.8 | 270.6 ± 0.7 | epoch (Permian) | ICS | |||
| Chadian | 345.3 ± 2.1 | 341 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Chadronian | 38.0 | 33.9 | age (Eocene) | North America | |||
| Chamovnicheskian | 306 | 305 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| Champlanian | epoch (Ordovician) | North America | |||||
| Changhsingian | 253.8 ±0.7 | 251.0 ± 0.4 | age (Permian) | ICS | Changxing (China) | ||
| Changlangpuan | 523 | 518 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| Changshanian | 496.8 | 492.5 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| Chapadmalalan | 4.0 | 3.0 | age (Pliocene) | South America | |||
| Chasicoan | 10.0 | 9.0 | age (Miocene) | South America | |||
| Chatauquan | 370 | 359.2 ± 2.5 | age (Devonian) | South America | |||
| Chattian | 28.4 ± 0.1 | 23.03 | age (Oligocene) | ICS | Chatte (France) | Fuchs, 1894 | |
| Chautauquan | age (Devonian) | North America | |||||
| Chazyan | age (Ordovician) | North America | |||||
| Cheltenhamian | 5.0 | 4.3 | age (Pliocene) | Australia | |||
| Cheneyan | 455 | 452 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | |||
| Cheremshankian | 314.5 | 313.4 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| Chesterian | 333 | 318.1 | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||
| Chewtonian | 473 | 471 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | |||
| Chokierian | 325 | 324.5 | sub-age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Cincinnatian | 451 | 443.7 ± 1.5 | epoch (Ordovician) | North America | Cincinnati | ||
| Clansayesian | 115.0 | 112.0 | sub-age (Cretaceous) | ||||
| Clarendonian | 13.6 | 10.3 | age (Miocene) | North America | |||
| Clarkforkian | 56.8 | 55.4 | age (Paleo-Eocene) | North America | |||
| Clifdenian | 15.9 | 15.1 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | Clifden | ||
| Colhuehuapian | 21.0 | 17.5 | age (Miocene) | South America | |||
| Colloncurian | 15.5 | 12.0 | age (Miocene) | South America | |||
| Coniacian | 89.3 ± 1.0 | 85.8 ± 0.7 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Cognac (France) | Coquand, 1857 | |
| Copernican | 1,100 | present | period | Moon | Copernicus | ||
| Costonian | 460.9 | 459 | age (Ordovician) | regional | |||
| Couvinian | 397.5 ± 2.7 | 391.8 ± 2.7 | age (Devonian) | Belgium (obsolete) | Couvin | d'Omalius d'Halloy, 1862 | |
| Cressagian | 488.3 ± 1.7 | 486 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | |||
| Cretaceous | 145.5 ± 4.0 | 65.5 ± 0.3 | period (Mesozoic) | ICS | Crete; Latin creta=chalk | d'Omalius d'Halloy, 1822 | |
| Croixan | epoch (Cambrian) | North America | |||||
| Cromerian | 0.85 | 0.465 | super-age/age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands, Great Britain | Cromer (England) | ||
| Cryogenian | 850 | 635.5 ± 1.2[5] | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | frozen beginning | ||
| Cryptic | 4,567 | 4,150 | epoch (Prenectarian) | Moon (unofficial) | hidden | ||
| D | |||||||
| Dacian | 5.332 ± 0.005 | 3.600 ± 0.005 | age (Pliocene) | Paratethys | Dacia (Roman province) | ||
| Dalanian (Dalaun) | 313 | 310 | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||
| Danian | 65.5 ± 0.3 | 61.7 ± 0.2 | age (Paleocene) | ICS | Denmark | Desor, 1847 | |
| Dannevirke | 65.0 | 43.0 | epoch (Paleogene) | New Zealand | Dannevirke | ||
| Dapingian | 471.8 ± 1.6 | 468.1 ± 1.6 | age (Ordovician) | ICS | Daping (China) | ||
| Darriwilian | 468.1 ± 1.6 | 460.9 ± 1.6 | age (Ordovician) | ICS | Darriwil (Australia) | Hall, 1899 | |
| Datangian | 345 | 333 | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||
| Datsonian | 488.3 ± 1.7 | 485 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | |||
| Dawanian | 472 | 471.8 | age (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Deerparkian | age (Devonian) | North America | |||||
| Delamaran | 512 | 504 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| Delmontian | 7.5 | 2.9 | age (Plio-Miocene) | California | |||
| Demingian | 478.6 | 475 | sub-age (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Derryan | 311.7 ± 1.1 | 308 | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||
| Deseadan | 29.0 | 21.0 | age (Oligo-Miocene) | South America | |||
| Desmoinesian | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||||
| Deurnian | age (Miocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Deurne | de Heinzelin (1955) | |||
| Devensian | 0.116 | 0.0115 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Devenses, Celtic tribe by the Deva (England and Wales) | ||
| Devonian | 416.0 ± 2.8 | 359.2 ± 2.5 | period (Paleozoic) | ICS | Devon (England) | Murchison & Sedgwick, 1839 | |
| Dewuan | 333 | 318.1 ± 1.3 | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||
| Dinantian | 359.2 ± 2.5 | 326.4 ± 1.6 | epoch/sub-period (Carboniferous) | Northern Europe | Dinant | ||
| Divisaderan | 42 | 36 | age (Eocene) | South America | |||
| Dogger[3] | 175.6 ± 2.0 | 161.2 ± 4.0 | epoch (Jurassic) | Northern Europe | dogger=ironrich sediment type | ||
| Dolgellian | 492.5 | 488.3 ± 1.7 | age (Cambrian) | regional | Dolgellau, Wales | ||
| Domerian | 183.0 ± 1.5 | sub-age (Jurassic) | regional | ||||
| Donau Glacial | 1.7 | 1.35 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | river Danube | ||
| Donau-Günz | >2.35 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | ||||
| Dorogomilovksian | 305 | 303.9 ± 0.9 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Drenthian | 0.238 | 0.17 | chronozone (Pleistocene) | Northwest Europe | Drenthe | ||
| Dresbachian | 501 | 496.8 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| Drumian | 506.5 | 503 | age (Cambrian) | ICS | Drum Mountains (Utah, US) | ||
| Duchesnean | 42.0 | 38.0 | age (Eocene) | North America | |||
| Duckmantian | age (Carboniferous) | Europe | Duckmanton Railway Cutting, England | ||||
| Duntroonian | 27.3 | 25.2 | age (Oligocene) | New Zealand | Duntroon | ||
| Dyeran | 524.5 | 512 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| E | |||||||
| Eaglefordian | age (Cretaceous) | Gulf and Atlantic coast of the US | Eagle Ford, Dallas, Texas | Murray, 1961 | |||
| Early Imbrian | 3850 | 3800 | period | Moon | Mare Imbrium | ||
| Eastonian | 456 | 450 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | |||
| Eburonian | 1.80 | 1.45 | super-age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | Eburones, Germanic tribe | ||
| Ectasian | 1,400 | 1,200 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | |||
| Edenian | age (Ordovician) | North America | |||||
| Ediacaran | 635.5 ± 1.2[5] | 542.0 ± 1.0 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | Ediacara Hills (Australia) | ||
| Edmontonian | 80.8 | 70.7 | NALMA (Cretaceous) | North America | |||
| Eemian | 0.130 | 0.116 | age (Pleistocene) | Northern Europe | river Eem (Netherlands) | Harting, 1875 | |
| Eifelian | 397.5 ± 2.7 | 391.8 ± 2.7 | age (Devonian) | ICS | the Eifel (Germany) | Beyrich, 1837 | |
| Egerian | 25.8 | 20.3 | age (Oligo-Miocene) | Paratethys | Eger (Hungary) | Báldi & Seneš, 1968 | |
| Eggenburgian | 20.8 | 18.3 | age (Miocene) | Paratethys | Eggenburg (Austria) | Steininger & Seneš, 1968 | |
| Eildonian | 433 | 428.2 ± 2.3 | age (Silurian) | Australia | |||
| Elsterian | 0.465 | 0.418 | age (Pleistocene) | Northern Europe | river Weißen Elster (Germany) | ||
| Elvirian | 326 | 324.5 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Emilian | 1.5 | 0.781 | sub-age (Pleistocene) | Italy | |||
| Emscherian | 89.5 | 83.5 | age (Cretaceous) | Germany | |||
| Emsian | 407.0 ± 2.8 | 397.5 ± 2.7 | age (Devonian) | ICS | Bad Ems (Germany) | de Dorlodot, 1900 | |
| Ensenadan | 1.2 | 0.8 | age (Pleistocene) | South America | |||
| Eoarchean | none | 3.600 | era | ICS | |||
| Eocene | 55.8 ± 0.2 | 33.9 ± 0.1 | epoch (Paleogene) | ICS | earliest recent | Lyell, 1847 | |
| Eratosthenian | 3,200 | 1,100 | period | Moon | Eratosthenes | ||
| Ergilian | 35.1 | 33.8 | ALMA (Oligo-Eocene) | Asia | |||
| Erian | 391.8 ± 2.7 | 388 | age (Devonian) | North America | |||
| F | |||||||
| Famennian | 374.5 ± 2.6 | 359.2 ± 2.5 | age (Devonian) | ICS | the Famenne (Belgium) | Dumont, 1855 | |
| Fassanian | 237 ± 2.0 | 233 | sub-age (Triassic) | Europe | |||
| Fengshanian | 492.5 | 488.3 ± 1.7 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| Fennian | 473 | 471.8 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | |||
| Festiniogian | 496.8 | 492.5 | age (Cambrian) | regional | |||
| Flaminian | 0.5 | 0.3 | age (Pleistocene) | Italy | |||
| Flandrian | 0.01 | present | age (Holocene) | Western Europe (obsolete) | Flanders | Rutot & Van den Broeck, 1885 | |
| Floian | 478.6 ± 1.7 | 471.8 ± 1.6 | age (Ordovician) | ICS | Flo (Sweden) | ||
| Florian | 508 | 504 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Fortunian | 542.0 ± 1.0 | 528 | age (Cambrian) | ICS | Fortune Head (Canada) | ||
| Franconian | 496.8 | 492.5 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| Frasnian | 385.3 ± 2.6 | 374.5 ± 2.6 | age (Devonian) | ICS | Frasne (Belgium) | d'Omalius d'Halloy, 1862 | |
| Friasian | 16.3 | 15.5 | age (Miocene) | South America | |||
| Fujian | 11.1 | 9.5 | age (Miocene) | Japan | |||
| Fupingan | 3,100 | 2,600 | age (Archaean) | China | |||
| Furongian | 501.0 ± 2.0 | 488.3 ± 1.7 | epoch (Cambrian) | ICS | Furong (China) | ||
| G | |||||||
| Gallic | 130.0 ± 1.5 | 89.3 ± 1.0 | epoch (Cretaceous) | unofficial | |||
| Gargasian | 121.0 | 115.0 | sub-age (Cretaceous) | regional | |||
| Gashatan | 56.9 | 55.7 | ALMA (Paleo-Eocene) | Asia | |||
| Gaultian | sub-age (Cretaceous) | regional | |||||
| Gedinian | 416.0 ± 2.8 | 411.2 ± 2.8 | age (Devonian) | Belgium (obsolete) | Gedinne | Dumont, 1848 | |
| Geiseltalian | 48.5 | 42.7 | ELMMZ (Eocene) | Europe | |||
| Gelasian | 2.588 | 1.806 | age (Pleistocene) | ICS | Gela (Italy) | Rio et al., 1998 | |
| Geringian | 30.8 | 26.3 | age (Oligocene) | North America | |||
| Gisbornian | 460.9 | 456 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | |||
| Givetian | 391.8 ± 2.7 | 385.3 ± 2.6 | age (Devonian) | ICS | Givet (France) | d'Omalius d'Halloy, 1839 | |
| Gleedonian | 425.4 | 422.9 ± 2.5 | age (Silurian) | regional | |||
| Gorstian | 422.9 ± 2.5 | 421.3 ± 2.6 | age (Silurian) | ICS | Gorsty (farm at Ludlow, England) | Holland et al., 1980 | |
| Gramian | 10.3 | 8.5 | age (Miocene) | Northern Germany | |||
| Grauvian | 50.8 | 48.5 | ELMMZ (Eocene) | Europe | |||
| Guadalupian | 270.6 ± 0.7 | 260.4 ± 0.7 | epoch (Permian) | ICS | Guadalupe Mountains (Texas, US) | ||
| Guandian | 425.5 | 422 | age (Silurian) | China | |||
| Gulf(-ian) | epoch (Cretaceous) | south and east of the US | the Mexican Gulf | ||||
| Günz Glacial | 2.35 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | river Günz (Germany) | |||
| Günz-Mindel | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | |||||
| Gushanian | 596.8 | 501 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| Guzhangian | 503 | 499 | age (Cambrian) | ICS | Guzhang (China) | ||
| Gzhelian | 303.9 ± 0.9 | 299.0 ± 0.8 | age (Carboniferous) | ICS | Gzhel (Russia) | ||
| H | |||||||
| Hadean | none | 3,800 | eon | unofficial | Hades, hell | Cloud, 1972 | |
| Hadrynian | 850 | 542 | age (Neoproterozoic) | North America | |||
| Hallian | ~10.000 | 0 | age (Holocene) | California | |||
| Haranoyan | 18.2 | 15.97 | age (Miocene) | Japan | |||
| Harnagian | 459 | 458 | age (Ordovician) | regional | |||
| Harrisonian | 24.8 | 20.6 | age (Oligo-Miocene) | North America | |||
| Hastarian | 359.2 ± 2.5 | 348 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Haumurian | 84 | 65.5 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | |||
| Hautawan | 3.1 | 2.2 | sub-age (Plio-Pleistocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Hauterivian | 136.4 ± 2.0 | 130.0 ± 1.5 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Hauterive (Switzerland) | Renevier, 1873 | |
| Haweran | 0.01 | present | age (Holocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Headonian | 37.2 | 33.8 | ELMMZ (Oligo-Eocene) | Europe | |||
| Helikian | 1,600 | 850 | age (Proterozoic) | North America | |||
| Hemingfordian | 20.6 | 16.3 | age (Miocene) | North America | |||
| Hemmoorian | age (Miocene) | Northern Germany | |||||
| Hemphillian | 10.3 | 4.9 | age (Mio-Pliocene) | North America | |||
| Heretaungan | 49.5 | 46.2 | age (Eocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Hesperian | ~3,500 | ~1,800 | Martian epoch | Mars | Hesperia Planum | ||
| Hettangian | 199.6 ± 0.6 | 196.5 ± 1.0 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Hettange-Grande (France) | Renevier, 1864 | |
| Hirnantian | 445.6 ± 1.5 | 443.7 ± 1.5 | age (Ordovician) | ICS | Cwm Hirnant (Wales) | Bancroft, 1933 | |
| Holkerian | 339 | 337.5 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Holocene | 11,800 BP | present | epoch (Quaternary) | ICS | Greek: totally new | Gervais, 1867 | |
| Holsteinian | 0.418 | 0.386 | age (Pleistocene) | Northern Europe | Holstein (Germany) | ||
| Homerian | 426.2 ± 2.4 | 422.9 ± 2.5 | age (Silurian) | ICS | Homer (England) | Bassett et al., 1975 | |
| Honghuayuanian | 478.6 | 472 | age (Ordovician) | China | |||
| Houldjinian | 37.2 | 33.9 | ALMA | Asia | |||
| Houthalenian | <21 | >16 | age (Miocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Houthalen | Hirsch, 1952 | |
| Hoxnian | 0.418 | 0.386 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Hoxne (Suffolk) | West & Donner, 1956 | |
| Hsandgolian | 33.8 | 24.0 | ALMA (Oligocene) | Asia | |||
| Huashibanian | 318.1 ± 1.3 | 313 | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||
| Huayquerian | 9.0 | 6.8 | age (Miocene) | South America | |||
| Hutchinsonian | 21 | 20 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Huronian | 2,500 | 1,400 | age (Proterozoic) | worldwide (obsolete) | |||
| I | |||||||
| Ibexian | ~505 | 471.8 | age (Cambrian-Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Icenian | 2.4 | ~2 | age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands, England (obsolete) | Iceni, ancient tribe (England) | Pannekoek, 1956 | |
| Idamean | 497 | 494 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Ilfordian | age (Pleistocene) | British Isles | Ilford (England) | ||||
| Illinoian | 0.17 | 0.125 | age (Pleistocene) | North America | |||
| Illyrian | 240 ± 2.0 | 237 ± 2.0 | sub-age (Triassic) | Europe | |||
| Imbrian | 3,850 | 3,200 | period | Moon | Mare Imbrium | ||
| Induan | 251.0 ± 0.4 | 249.7 ± 0.7 | age (Triassic) | ICS | river Indus | Kiparisova & Popov, 1956 | |
| Ionian | 0.781 | 0.126 | age (Pleistocene) | Southern Europe | Ionia (Ancient Greek region) | ||
| Ipswichian | 0.130 | 0.116 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Ipswich (England) | West, 1957 | |
| Irdinmanhan | 46.2 | 40.4 | ALMA (Eocene) | Asia | |||
| Irvingtonian | 1.8 | age (Pleistocene) | North America | Irvington | |||
| Isuan | 3,800 | 3,500 | age (Archaean) | Europe | |||
| Itaboraian | 59 | 57 | age (Paleocene) | South America | |||
| Ivorean | 348 | 345.3 ± 2.1 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| J | |||||||
| Jacksonian | age (Eocene) | southern US | |||||
| Janjukian | 30.0 | 27.5 | age (Oligocene) | Australia | |||
| Jinningian | 1,750 | 800 | age (Proterozoic) | China | |||
| Jiusian | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||||
| Johannian | 48 | 35 | age (Eocene) | Australia | |||
| Judithian | 82.2 | 80.8 | NALMA (Cretaceous) | North America | |||
| Julian | 229.6 ± 2.0 | 222.5 | sub-age (Triassic) | Europe | |||
| Jurassic | 199.6 ± 0.6 | 145.5 ± 4.0 | period (Mesozoic) | ICS | Jura mountains | Brongniart | |
| Jeffersonian | 475 | 473 | sub-age (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| K | |||||||
| Kaburan | 13.5 | 11.1 | age (Miocene) | Japan | |||
| Kaiatan | 37.0 | 36.0 | age (Eocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Kalimnan | 4.3 | 3.4 | age (Pliocene) | Australia | |||
| Kansan | 0.48 | 0.26 | age (Pleistocene) | North America | |||
| Kapitean | 6.5 | 5.0 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Karatau | 1,100 | 800 | age (Proterozoic) | Russia | |||
| Karoo | ±350 | ±300 | ice age | worldwide | Karoo (South Africa) | ||
| Karpatian | 17.0 | 16.0 | age (Miocene) | Paratethys | the Carpathian Mountains | Cicha et al., 1967 | |
| Kashirskian | 309.2 | 308.0 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| Kasimovian | 306.5 ± 1.0 | 303.9 ± 0.9 | age (Carboniferous) | ICS | Kasimov (Russia) | ||
| Kasterlian | ~4.7 | ~3.6 | age (Pliocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Kasterlee | Dumont, 1882 | |
| Katian | 455.8 ± 1.6 | 445.6 ± 1.5 | age (Ordovician) | ICS | Lake Katy (Oklahoma, US) | ||
| Kattendijkian | ~5 | ~3.6 | age (Pliocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Kattendijke | Glibert & de Heinzelin, 1957 | |
| Kazanian | age (Permian) | Russia | |||||
| Kechienjian | 1.9 | 1.5 | age (Pleistocene) | Japan | |||
| Keiloran | 443.7 ± 1.5 | 433 | age (Silurian) | Australia | |||
| Kekeamuan | 28.4 | 33.9 | ALMA | Asia | |||
| Keuper[3] | ±230 | 199.6 | epoch (Triassic) | Europe | Von Alberti, 1834 | ||
| Kimmeridgian | 155.7 ± 4.0 | 150.8 ± 4.0 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Kimmeridge (England) | d'Orbigny | |
| Kinderhookian | 359.2 ± 2.5 | 348 | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||
| Kinderscoutian | 318.1 ± 1.3 | 317 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | Kinder Scout (England) | ||
| Kirkfield | 458 | 457 | age (Ordovician) | regional | |||
| Kiscellian | 25.8 | age (Oligocene) | Paratethys | ||||
| Klazminskian | 303.9 ± 0.9 | 300.5 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | |||
| Korangan | 117.5 | 108.4 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | |||
| Krevyakinskian | 306.5 | 306 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| Kryzhanovan | 1.9 | 1.2 | age (Pleistocene) | Eastern Europe | |||
| Kungurian | 275.6 ± 0.7 | 270.6 ± 0.7 | age (Permian) | ICS | Kungur (Russia) | ||
| L | |||||||
| Lacian | 217.4 ± 2.0 | 211 | sub-age | Europe | |||
| Ladinian | 237.0 ± 2.0 | 228.0 ± 2.0 | age (Triassic) | ICS | Ladini, people in northern Italy | Bittner, 1892 | |
| Lancefieldian | 482 | 475 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | |||
| Lancian | 70.7 | 65.5 | NALMA (Cretaceous) | North America | |||
| Landenian | <60 | >55 | age (Paleocene) | Western Europe (obsolete) | Landen (Belgium) | Dumont, 1839 | |
| Landon | 34.3 | 21.7 | epoch (Paleo-Neogene) | New Zealand | |||
| Langenfeldian | age (Miocene) | Northern Germany | |||||
| Langhian | 15.97 | 13.65 | age (Miocene) | ICS | Serravalle Langhe (Italy) | Pareto, 1864 | |
| Langsettian | 314.5 | 313.4 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | Langsett (England) | ||
| Latdorfian | age (Oligocene) | Germany | |||||
| Laventan | 13.8 | 12.0 | age (Miocene) | South America | |||
| Leonardian | age (Permian) | North America | |||||
| Lias[3] | 199.6 ± 0.6 | 175.6 ± 2.0 | epoch (Jurassic) | Northern Europe | unclear | ||
| Likhvinian | 0.3 | 0.18 | age (Pleisctocene) | Eastern Europe | |||
| Lillburnian | 15.1 | 12.7 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Linxiangian | 454.5 | 449 | age (Ordovician) | China | |||
| Lishihhuangtuan | 1.2 | 0.1 | age (Pleistocene) | China | |||
| Livian | 335 | 331 | age (Carboniferous) | Belgium (obsolete) | Lives | ||
| Llandeilo (Llandeilean) | epoch/age (Ordovician) | Europe | Llandeilo (Wales) | Murchison, 1835 | |||
| Llandovery | 443.7 ± 1.5 | 428.2 ± 2.3 | epoch (Silurian) | ICS | Llandovery (Wales) | Murchison, 1859 | |
| Llanvirn(-ian) | epoch (Ordovician) | Europe | Hicks, 1875 | ||||
| Lochkovian | 416.0 ± 2.8 | 411.2 ± 2.8 | age (Devonian) | ICS | Lochkov (Czech Republic) | ||
| Longfordian | 27.5 | 16.5 | age (Oligo-Miocene) | Australia | |||
| Longmaxian | 443.7 ± 1.5 | 438 | age (Silurian) | China | |||
| Longobardian | 233 | 229.6 ± 2.0 | sub-age (Triassic) | Europe | |||
| Longvillian | 457 | 455 | age (Ordovician) | regional | Cheney Longville (England) | ||
| Longwangmioan | 518 | 513 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| Lopingian | 260.4 ± 0.7 | 251.0 ± 0.4 | epoch (Permian) | ICS | Loping (China) | ||
| Lotharingian | 193.3 ± 0.7 | 189.6 ± 0.7 | substage (Jurassic) | ||||
| Ludfordian | 421.3 ± 2.6 | 418.7 ± 2.7 | age (Silurian) | ICS | Ludford (England) | Holland et al., 1980 | |
| Ludhamian | ~2.52 | ~2.25 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Ludham (England) | ||
| Ludian | age (Eocene) | western Europe | de Lapparent, 1893 | ||||
| Ludlovian | 422.9 ± 2.5 | 418.7 ± 2.7 | epoch (Silurian) | ICS | Ludlow (England) | Murchison, 1854 | |
| Luisian | 15.5 | 13.5 | age (Miocene) | California | |||
| Lujanian | 0.8 | 0.3 | age (Pleistocene) | South America | |||
| Luliangian | 2,350 | 1,750 | age (Proterozoic) | China | |||
| Luosuan | 318.1 | ~314 | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||
| Lutetian | 48.6 ± 0.2 | 40.4 ± 0.2 | age (Eocene) | ICS | Latin: Lutetia=Paris (France) | de Lapparent, 1883 | |
| M | |||||||
| Maastrichtian | 70.6 ± 0.6 | 65.5 ± 0.3 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Maastricht (Netherlands) | Dumont, 1849 | |
| Maentwrogian | 501 | 496.8 | age (Cambrian) | regional | Maentwrog (Wales) | ||
| Malanghuangtuan | 0.1 | 0.01 | age (Pleistocene) | China | |||
| Malm[3] | 161.2 ± 4.0 | 145.5 ± 4.0 | epoch (Jurassic) | Europe | Old English: malm = calcareous soil | ||
| Mangaorapan | 53.0 | 49.5 | age (Eocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Mangaotanean | 92.1 | 89.1 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | |||
| Mangapanian | 3.00 | 2.40 | age (Plio-Pleistocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Maozhangian | 513 | 509 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| Mapingian | 310 | 299.0 ± 0.8 | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||
| Marahuan | 2.2 | 1.8 | sub-age (Pleistocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Marjuman | 504 | 494.5 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| Marsdenian | 317 | 315.5 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | Marsden, West Yorkshire, England | ||
| Marshbrookian | 455 | 454 | age (Ordovician) | regional | Marshbrook (England) | ||
| Mayan | 502 | 501 ± 2.0 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Mayanan | 1100 | 850 | age (Proterozoic) | Siberia | |||
| Mayoian | 12.0 | 10.0 | age (Miocene) | South America | |||
| Mayvillian | 453 | 447.5 | age (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Medinan | age (Silurian) | North America | |||||
| Meishuchuan | 542 | 532 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| Melbournian | 428.2 ± 2.3 | 416.0 ± 2.8 | age (Silurian) | Australia | Melbourne | ||
| Melekesskian | 313.4 | 311.7 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| Menapian | 1.03 | super-age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | Menapii, Germanic tribe | |||
| Meramecian | 340 | 333 | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||
| Merioneth | 501 ± 2 | 488.3 ± 1.7 | epoch (Cambrian) | Europe (obsolete) | Merioneth (Wales) | ||
| Merksemian | ~2.5 | ~2 | age (Pleistocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Merksem | de Heinzelin, 1958 | |
| Mesoarchean | 3,200 | 2,800 | era | ICS | |||
| Mesoproterozoic | 1,600 | 1,000 | era | ICS | |||
| Mesozoic | 251.0 ± 0.7 | 65.5 ± 0.3 | era | ICS | middle life | ||
| Messinian | 7.246 | 5.332 | age (Miocene) | ICS | Messina (Italy) | Mayer-Eymar, 1867 | |
| Miaogoalingian | 422 | 418.7 | age (Silurian) | China | |||
| Migneintian | 486 | 478.6 ± 1.7 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | |||
| Mindel | 0.85 | 0.465 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | river Mindel (Germany) | ||
| Mindel-Riss | 0.465 | 0.238 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | |||
| Mindyallan | 501 | 497 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Miocene | 23.03 | 5.332 | epoch (Neogene) | ICS | Greek: less recent | Lyell, 1847 | |
| Mississippian | 359.2 ± 2.5 | 318.1 ± 1.3 | epoch (Carboniferous) | ICS | Mississippi River (US) | ||
| Missourian | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||||
| Mitchellian | 10.5 | 5.0 | age (Plio-Miocene) | Australia | |||
| Mohawkian | 462 | 451 | epoch (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Mohnian | 13.5 | 7.5 | age (Miocene) | California | |||
| Mokolian | 2,050 | 900 | age (Proterozoic) | South Africa | |||
| Monroecreekian | 26.3 | 24.8 | age (Oligocene) | North America | Monroe Creek | ||
| Montehermosan | 6.8 | 4.0 | age (Plio-Miocene) | South America | |||
| Montezuman | 529.5 | 524.5 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| Montian | ~65 | ~61 | age (Paleocene) | Europe (obsolete) | Mons (Belgium) | Dewalque, 1868 | |
| Moridunian | 478.6 ± 1.7 | 475 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | Moridunum (Wales) | ||
| Morozovan | 0.8 | 0.5 | age (Pleistocene) | Eastern Europe | |||
| Morrowan | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||||
| Moscovian | 311.7 ± 1.1 | 306.5 ± 1.0 | age (Carboniferous) | ICS | Moscow (Russia) | ||
| Motuan | 103.3 | 100.2 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | |||
| Muschelkalk[3] | 243 ± 2 | 235 ± 2 | epoch (Triassic) | Europe | German: limestone with mussels | Füchsel, 1761 | |
| Mustersan | 48 | 42 | age (Eocene) | South America | |||
| Myachkovskian | 307.2 | 306.5 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| N | |||||||
| Namibian | 900 | 542 | age (Neoproterozoic) | South Africa | Namibia | ||
| Namurian | 326.4 | 313.0 | age (Carboniferous) | Europe | Namur (Belgium) | Purves, 1883 | |
| Nanzian | 48 | 35 | age (Eocene) | California | |||
| Navarroan | age (Cretaceous-Paleocene) | south and east of the US | Navarro, Texas | Murray, 1961 | |||
| Nebraskan | 0.93 | 0.6 | age (Pleistocene) | North America | |||
| Nectarian | 3920 | 3850 | period | Moon | Mare Nectaris | ||
| Needian | 0.42 | 0.38 | age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands (obsolete) | Neede | ||
| Nemakit-Daldynian | 542 | 534 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Neoarchaen | 2,800 | 2,500 | era | ICS | |||
| Neocomian | 145.5 | 125.0/130.0 | epoch | unofficial | Neocomium, Latin name for Neuchâtel | ||
| Neogene | 23.0 | 2.588 | period (Cenozoic) | ICS | Hoernes, 1856 | ||
| Neoproterozoic | 1,000 | 542.0 ± 1.0 | era | ICS | |||
| Neporatan | 2.5 | 1.7 | age (Pleistocene) | Eastern Europe | |||
| Neustrian | 55.0 | 50.8 | ELMMZ (Paleo-Eocene) | Europe | |||
| Ngaterian | 100.2 | 95.2 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | |||
| Niagaran | age (Silurian) | North America | |||||
| Noachian | none | ~3,500 | Martian epoch | Mars | Noachis Terra | ||
| Noginskian | 300.5 | 299.0 ± 0.8 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| Nomentanan | 0.24 | 0.13 | age (Pleistocene) | Italy | |||
| Nongshanian | 62.9 | 56.9 | ALMA (Paleocene) | Asia | |||
| Norian | 216.5 ± 2.0 | 203.6 ± 1.5 | age (Triassic) | ICS | Noric Alps (Austria) | ||
| Nukumaruan | 3.1 | 1.8 | age (Pleistocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Nullaginian | 2,500 | 1,800 | age (Proterozoic) | Australia | |||
| O | |||||||
| Ochoan | age (Permian) | North America | |||||
| Odessan | 1.2 | 0.8 | age (Pleistocene) | Eastern Europe | |||
| Okaian | 0.5 | 0.3 | sub-age (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Okehuan | 1.1 | 0.37 | age (Pleistocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Older Dryas | 13,480 BP | 13,350 BP | chron (Weichselian) | Europe | Dryas octopetala (plant) | ||
| Oldest Dryas | 13,860 | 13,780 | chron (Weichselian) | Europe | Dryas octopetala (plant) | ||
| Olenekian | 249.5 | 245.9 | age (Triassic) | ICS | river Olenyok (Siberia) | ||
| Oligocene | 33.9 ± 0.1 | 23.03 | epoch (Paleogene) | ICS | "not so recent" | Beyrich, 1857 | |
| Onnian | 453 | 449 | age (Ordovician) | regional | River Onny (England) | ||
| Oostermeer Interglacial | 0.243 | 0.238 | age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | Oostermeer | ||
| Opoitian | 5.0 | 3.8 | age (Pliocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Ordian | 520 | 510 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Ordovician | 488.3 ± 1.7 | 443.7 ± 1.5 | period (Paleozoic) | ICS | Ordovices, Celtic tribe | Lapworth, 1879 | |
| Orellan | 33.9 | 33.3 | age (Oligocene) | North America | |||
| Orleanian | 20.4 | 15 | ELMMZ (Miocene) | Europe | Orléans (France) | ||
| Orosirian | 2,050 | 1,800 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | |||
| Osagean | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||||
| Otaian | 21.7 | 19.0 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Ottnangian | 18.3 | 17.0 | age (Miocene) | Paratethys | Ottnang am Hausruck (Austria) | Papp & Rögl, 1967 | |
| Oxfordian | 161.2 ± 4.0 | 155.0 ± 4.0 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Oxford (England) | d’Orbigny | |
| P | |||||||
| Paibian | 501.0 ± 2.0 | 496 | age (Cambrian) | ICS | Paibi (China) | ||
| Paleoarchean | 3,600 | 3,200 | era | ICS | |||
| Paleocene | 65.5 ± 0.3 | 55.8 ± 0.2 | epoch (Paleogene) | ICS | oldest recent | Schimper, 1847 | |
| Paleophytic | ~450 | ~270 | era | paleobotany | old flora | ||
| Paleogene | 65.5 ± 0.3 | 23.0 | period (Cenozoic) | ICS | Hoernes, 1856 | ||
| Paleoproterozoic | 2,500 | 1,600 | era | ICS | |||
| Paleozoic | 542.0 ± 1.0 | 251.0 ± 0.7 | era | ICS | old life | ||
| Pannonian | 11.608 ± 0.005 | 7.246 ± 0.005 | age (Miocene) | Paratethys | Pannonia (Roman province) | Roth von Telegd, 1879 | |
| Pareora | 21.7 | 15.9 | epoch (Neogene) | New Zealand | |||
| Pastonian | ~1.87 | 1.77 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Paston, Norfolk (England) | ||
| Payntonian | 491 | 488.3 ± 1.7 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Peligran | 62.5 | 59 | age (Paleocene) | South America | |||
| Pendleian | 326.4 ± 1.6 | 326 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | Pendle Hill (England) | ||
| Pennsylvanian | 318.1 ± 1.3 | 299.0 ± 0.8 | epoch (Carboniferous) | ICS | Pennsylvania (US) | ||
| Penutian | 53 | 51 | age (Eocene) | California | |||
| Permian | 299.0 ± 0.8 | 251.0 ± 0.4 | period (Paleozoic) | ICS | Perm (Russia) | Murchison, 1849 | |
| Phanerozoic | 542.0 ± 1.0 | present | eon | ICS | visible life | ||
| Piacenzian | 3.600 | 2.588 | age (Pliocene) | ICS | Piacenza (Italy) | Mayer-Eymar, 1858 | |
| Piripauan | 86.5 | 84 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | |||
| Pleistocene | 2.588 | 0.0117 | epoch (Quaternary) | ICS | youngest recent | ||
| Pleniglacial | 73,000 BP | 14,500 BP | sub-age (Pleistocene) | Northern Europe | |||
| Pliensbachian | 189.6 ± 1.5 | 183.0 ± 1.5 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Pliensbach (Germany) | Oppel, 1858 | |
| Pliocene | 5.332 | 2.588 | epoch (Neogene) | ICS | newer recent | Lyell, 1847 | |
| Podolskian | 308 | 307.2 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| Poederlian | ~3.5 | ~2.5 | age (Pliocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Poederlee | Vincent, 1889 | |
| Pontian | 7.246 ± 0.005 | 5.332 ± 0.005 | epoch (Miocene) | Paratethys | Pontus Euxinus, Latin name for the Black Sea | Le Play, 1842 | |
| Pontinian | 0.1 | 0.01 | age (Pleistocene) | Italy | |||
| Porangan | 46.2 | 43.0 | age (Eocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Portlandian | age (Jurassic) | British Isles | Isle of Portland (England) | ||||
| Potsdamian | 501 ± 2 | 488.3 ± 1.7 | epoch (Cambrian) | Germany | |||
| Poundian | 570 | 542 ± 0.3 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Pragian | 411.2 ± 2.8 | 407.0 ± 2.8 | age (Devonian) | ICS | Prague (Czech Republic) | ||
| Preboreal | 11,560 BP | 10,640 BP | chron | Northern Europe | before the Boreal | ||
| Precambrian | none | 542.0 ± 1.0 | none (before: eon) | worldwide | before the Cambrian | ||
| Pre-Illinoian | age (Pleistocene) | North America | before the Illinoian | ||||
| Preludhamian | ~2.52 | ~2.61 | age (Plio-Pleistocene) | Great Britain | before the Ludhamian | ||
| Prenectarian | 4567 | 3850 | period | Moon | before the Nectarian | ||
| Prepastonian | ~2.0 | ~1.87 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | before the Pastonian | ||
| Pretiglian | 2.588 | 2.40 | super-age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | before the Tiglian Tegelen (The Netherlands) | Van der Vlerk, 1948 | |
| Priabonian | 37.2 ± 0.1 | 33.9 ± 0.1 | age (Eocene) | ICS | Priabona (Italy) | Munier-Chalmas & De Lapparent, 1893 | |
| Pridoli(an) | 418.7 ± 2.7 | 416.0 ± 2.8 | epoch (Silurian) | ICS | Přidoli (Czech Republic) | ||
| Priscoan see Hadean | |||||||
| Proterozoic | 2,500 | 542.0 ± 1.0 | eon | ICS | |||
| Puercan | 65.5 | 63.3 | age (Paleocene-Cretaceous) | North America | |||
| Purbeckian | age (Cretaceous-Jurassic) | England (obsolete) | Isle of Purbeck (England) | ||||
| Pusgillian | 449 | 447.5 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | Pus Gill, Cumbria (England) | Dean, 1959 | |
| Putikian | 0.37 | 0.01 | age (Pleistocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Q | |||||||
| Quaternary | 2.588 | present | period (Cenozoic) | ICS | fourth part | Arduino, 1760 | |
| Qungzusian | 532 | 523 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| R | |||||||
| Rancholabrean | age (Pleistocene) | North America | |||||
| Randian | 3,000 | 2,500 | age (Archaean) | South Africa | |||
| Rawtheyan | 446.5 | 445.5 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | River Rawthey (England) | ||
| Refugian | 35.0 | 33.5 | age (Oligo-Eocene) | California | |||
| Reinbekian | age (Miocene) | Northern Germany | |||||
| Relizian | 16.5 | 13.5 | age (Miocene) | California | |||
| Repettian | 2.9 | 2.2 | age (Plio-Pleistocene) | California | |||
| Reuverian | 3.5 | 2.558 | chronozone (Pliocene) | Northwest Europe | Reuver (The Netherlands) | ||
| Rhaetian | 203.6 ± 1.5 | 199.6 ± 0.6 | age (Triassic) | ICS | Rhaetian Alps (Switzerland, Austria, Italy) | ||
| Rhuddanian | 443.7 ± 1.5 | 439.0 ± 1.8 | age (Silurian) | ICS | Cwm-Rhuddian (Wales) | ||
| Rhyacian | 2,300 | 2,050 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | |||
| Richmondian | 449 | 445.6 ± 1.5 | age (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Riochican | 57 | 54 | age (Eo-Paleocene) | South America | |||
| Riphean | 1,650 | 650 | age (Proterozoic) | worldwide (obsolete) | |||
| Riss Glacial | 0.238 | 0.128 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | river Riß (Germany) | ||
| Riss-Würm Interglacial | 0.128 | 0.116 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | |||
| Roadian | 270.6 ± 0.7 | 268.0 ± 0.7 | age (Permian) | ICS | |||
| Robiacian | 42.7 | 37.2 | ELMMZ (Miocene) | Europe | |||
| Romanian | 3.6 | 1.8 | age (Plio-Pleistocene) | Paratethys | |||
| Rotliegend(-es)[3] | 299 | 270.6 | sub-period (Permian) | unofficial | German for "Red foot wall". | A traditional copper mining term in the Mansfelder Land for the red oreless sandstone below the Kupferschiefer. | |
| Runangan | 36.0 | 34.3 | age (Eo-Oligocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Rupelian | 33.9 ± 0.1 | 28.4 ± 0.1 | age (Oligocene) | ICS | river Rupel (Belgium) | Dumont, 1850 | |
| Ruscinian | 4.9 | 3.5 | ELMMZ (Pliocene) | Europe | Ruscino, Latin for the Roussillon (France) | Kretzoi, 1962 | |
| S | |||||||
| Saalian | 0.238 | 0.128 | age (Pleistocene) | Northern Europe | river Saale (Germany) | ||
| Sakian | 494.5 | 493 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Sakmarian | 294.6 ± 0.8 | 284.4 ± 0.7 | age (Permian) | ICS | river Sakmara (Russia) | Karpinski, 1874 | |
| Sandbian | 460.9 ± 1.6 | 455.8 ± 1.6 | age (Ordovician) | ICS | Sandby, Sweden | ||
| Sangamonian | 0.125 | 0.075 | age (Pleistocene) | North America | |||
| Santacrucian | 17.5 | 16.3 | age (Miocene) | South America | |||
| Santomian | 1.81 | 1.5 | sub-age (Pleistocene) | Italy | |||
| Santonian | 85.8 ± 0.7 | 83.5 ± 0.7 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Saintes (France) | Coquand, 1873 | |
| Sarmatian | 12.7 | 11.6 | age (Miocene) | Paratethys | Sarmatians (ancient people) | Suess, 1866 | |
| Saxonian | ~290 | ~258 | age (Permian) | Europe (obsolete) | Saxony | ||
| Saucesian | 22.0 | 16.5 | age (Miocene) | California | |||
| Scaldisian | ~4 | ~2.5 | age (Pliocene) | Belgium (obsolete) | Scaldus, Latin name for the river Scheldt | Dumont, 1850 | |
| Scythian | 251 ± 0.2 | 245 ± 1.5 | Epoch (Early Triassic) | Europe | Scythia | ||
| Selandian | 61.7 ± 0.2 | 58.7 ± 0.2 | age (Paleocene) | ICS | Seeland (Denmark) | Rosenkrantz, 1924 | |
| Senecan | 388 | 370 | age (Devonian) | North America | |||
| Senonian | 89.3 | 65.5 | epoch (Cretaceous) | unofficial | Sens (France) | d'Orbigny | |
| Serpukhovian | 326.4 ± 1.6 | 318.1 ± 1.3 | age (Carboniferous) | ICS | Serpukhov (Russia) | ||
| Serravallian | 13.65 | 11.608 | age (Miocene) | ICS | Serravalle Scrivia (Italy) | Pareto, 1864 | |
| Sevatian | 206 | 202.3 ± 1.5 | sub-age (Triassic) | Europe | |||
| Shanghuan | 65.5 | 62.9 | ALMA (Paleocene) | Asia | |||
| Shangsian | 318.1 | age (Carboniferous) | China | ||||
| Shaodongian | 359.2 ± 2.5 | 349.5 | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||
| Sharamurunian | 40.4 | 37.2 | ALMA (Eocene) | Asia | |||
| Sheinwoodian | 428.2 ± 2.3 | 426.2 ± 2.4 | age (Silurian) | ICS | Sheinwood (England) | Basset et al., 1975 | |
| Shermanian | 457 | 454 | age (Ordovician) | regional | |||
| Shinulanian | 438 | 433 | age (Silurian) | China | |||
| Sicilian | 0.781 | 0.260 | sub-age (Pleistocene) | Italy | Sicily | ||
| Siderian | 2,500 | 2,300 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | |||
| Silesian | 326.4 | 299.0 | subperiod (Carboniferous) | Europe | Silesia | ||
| Siegenian | age (Devonian) | North America, Europe | |||||
| Silurian | 443.7 ± 1.5 | 416.0 ± 2.8 | period (Paleozoic) | ICS | Silures, Celtic tribe | Murchison, 1835 | |
| Sinemurian | 196.5 ± 1.0 | 189.6 ± 1.5 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Semur-en-Auxois (France) | d'Orbigny, 1842 | |
| Sinian | 800 | 542 | age (Neoproterozic) | China | |||
| Soudleyan | 458 | 457 | age (Ordovician) | regional | Soudley (England) | ||
| Southland | 15.9 | 10.9 | epoch (Neogene) | New Zealand | |||
| Springerian | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||||
| St. David's | 513 ± 2 | 501 ± 2 | epoch (Cambrian) | Europe (obsolete) | St Davids (Wales) | ||
| Stampian | age (Oligocene) | western Europe | Laurence Dudley Stamp | ||||
| Statherian | 1,800 | 1,600 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | |||
| Stenian | 1,200 | 1,000 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | |||
| Stephanian | 303.9 | 299.0 | age (Carboniferous) | Europe | Saint-Étienne (France) | Mayer-Eymar, 1878 | |
| Steptoan | 494.5 | 493 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| Streffordian | 452 | 449 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | Strefford (England) | ||
| Sturtian | ~730 | age (Neoproterozoic) | worldwide, unofficial | ||||
| Subatlantic | 2400 BP | 0 | chron (Holocene) | Northern Europe | |||
| Subboreal | 5660 BP | 2400 BP | chron (Holocene) | Northern Europe | |||
| Suchian | 3.0 | 1.9 | age (Plio-Pleistocene) | Japan | |||
| Suevian | 33.8 | 29.2 | ELMMZ (Oligocene) | Europe | |||
| Sunwaptan | 493 | 491 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| Susterian | 8.5 | 5.3 | chronozone (Miocene) | Northwest Europe | Susteren (The Netherlands) | ||
| Swazian | 4,000 | 3,000 | age (Archaean) | South Africa | |||
| Syltian | age (Miocene) | Northern Germany | |||||
| T | |||||||
| Tabenbulakian | 24.0 | 23.03 | ALMA (Oligocene) | Asia | |||
| Tangbagouan | 359.2 | age (Carboniferous) | China | ||||
| Taranaki | 10.9 | 5.28 | epoch (Neogene) | New Zealand | |||
| Tarantian | 0.15 | 0.0115 | age (Pleistocene) | Southern Europe | Tarento (Italy) | ||
| Tatarian | age (Permian) | Russia | Tatarstan | ||||
| Taxandrian | 1.80 | 0.418 | super-age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands (obsolete) | |||
| Tayloran | age (Cretaceous) | south and west of the US | Taylor, Texas | Murray, 1961 | |||
| Telychian | 436.0 ± 1.9 | 428.2 ± 2.3 | age (Silurian) | ICS | Pen-lan-Telych (Wales) | Cocks et al. 1973 | |
| Templetonian | 510 | 508 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Teratan | 89.1 | 86.5 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | |||
| Terreneuvian | 542.0 ± 1.0 | 521 | epoch (Cambrian) | ICS | Terre-Neuve, French name for Newfoundland | ||
| Tertiary | 65.5 ± 0.3 | 2.588 | sub-era (Cenozoic)[6] | worldwide | third part | Arduino, 1760 | |
| Teurian | 65.0 | 55.5 | age (Paleocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Thanetian | 58.7 ± 0.2 | 55.8 ± 0.2 | age (Paleocene) | ICS | Isle of Thanet (England) | Renevier, 1874 | |
| Thuringian | 285 | 251 | age (Permian) | Europe (obsolete) | Thuringia (Germany) | ||
| Thurnian | ~2.25 | ~2.12 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | River Thurne (England} | West, 1961 | |
| Tiffanian | 60.2 | 56.8 | age (Paleocene) | North America | |||
| Tiglian | 2.40 | 1.80 | super-age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | Tegelen (The Netherlands) | ||
| Tinguirirican | 36 | 29 | age (Oligo-Eocene) | South America | |||
| Tithonian | 150.8 ± 4.0 | 145.5 ± 4.0 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Tithon (Greek mythology) | Oppel, 1865 | |
| Tiupampan | 64.5 | 62.5 | age (Paleocene) | South America | Tiupampa | Marshall & de Muizon, 1988 | |
| Toarcian | 183.0 ± 1.5 | 175.6 ± 2.0 | age (Jurassic) | ICS | Thouars (France) | d'Orbigny, 1849 | |
| Toyonian | 518.5 | 513.0 ± 2.0 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Tommotian | 534 | 530 | age (Cambrian) | Russia, Kazakhstan | |||
| Tongaporutuan | 10.9 | 6.5 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Tongrian | age (Oligocene) | western Europe | |||||
| Tonian | 1,000 | 850 | period (Proterozoic) | ICS | |||
| Torrejonian | 63.3 | 60.2 | age (Paleocene) | North America | |||
| Tortonian | 11.608 | 7.246 | age (Miocene) | ICS | Tortona (Italy) | Mayer-Eymar, 1858 | |
| Totomian | 3.6 | 3.0 | age (Pliocene) | Japan | |||
| Tournaisian | 359.2 ± 2.5 | 345.3 ± 2.1 | age (Carboniferous) | ICS | Tournai (Belgium) | Dumont, 1832 | |
| Tozawan | 15.97 | 13.5 | age (Miocene) | Japan | |||
| Treenean | 0.15 | 0.17 | chronozone (Pleistocene) | Northwest Europe | |||
| Tremadoc(-ian) | 488.3 ± 1.7 | 478.6 ± 1.7 | epoch (Ordovician) | ICS | Tremadoc Bay (Wales) | Sedgwick, 1846 | |
| Trempealeauan | 492.5 | 488.3 ± 1.7 | age (Cambrian) | North America | |||
| Trentonian | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||||
| Triassic | 251.0 ± 0.4 | 199.6 ± 0.6 | period (Mesozoic) | ICS | threefold | Von Alberti, 1834 | |
| Tubantian | 0.116 | 0.0115 | age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands (obsolete) | Van der Vlerk & Florschütz, 1950 | ||
| Turolian | 8.7 | 4.9 | ELMMZ (Mio-Pliocene) | Europe | Turolium, Latin for Teruel (Spain) | Crusafont, 1965 | |
| Turonian | 93.5 ± 0.8 | 89.3 ± 1.0 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Tours (France) | d'Orbigny, 1842 | |
| Tuvalian | 222.5 | 217.4 ± 2.0 | sub-age (Triassic) | Europe | |||
| Tyrrhenian | 0.26 | 0.01143 | sub-age (Pleistocene) | Italy | Tyrrhenian Sea | Issel, 1914 | |
| U | |||||||
| Ufimian | 268 | 270,6 | age (Permian) | obsolete | |||
| Uintan | 46.2 | 42.0 | age (Eocene) | North America | |||
| Ulangochuian | 37.2 | 35.1 | ALMA (Eocene) | Asia | |||
| Ulatisian | 51 | 48 | age (Eocene) | California | |||
| Ulsterian | age (Devonian) | North America | |||||
| Undillian | 506 | 504 | age (Cambrian) | Australia | |||
| Uquian | 3.0 | 1.2 | age (Plio-Pleistocene) | South America | Uquia (Argentina) | Castellanos, 1923 | |
| Urutawan | 108.4 | 103.3 | age (Cretaceous) | New Zealand | |||
| V | |||||||
| Vaalian | 2,500 | 2,050 | age (Proterozoic) | South Africa | |||
| Valanginian | 140.2 ± 3.0 | 136.4 ± 2.0 | age (Cretaceous) | ICS | Valangin (Switzerland) | Desor, 1853 | |
| Vallesian | 11.1 | 8.7 | ELMMZ (Miocene) | Europe | The Vallès (Spain) | Crusafont, 1950 | |
| Vendian | ~610 | 542.0 ± 1.0 | subera (Proterozoic) | worldwide (obsolete) | |||
| Venturian | 2.2 | 1.9 | age (Pleistocene) | California | |||
| Vereiskian | 311.7 ± 1.1 | 309.2 | age (Carboniferous) | Russia | |||
| Vierlandian | age (Miocene) | Northern Germany | |||||
| Vicksburgian | age (Oligocene) | southern US | |||||
| Villafranchian | 3.5 | 1.1 | ELMMZ (Plio-Pleistocene) | Europe | |||
| Virgilian | age (Carboniferous) | North America | |||||
| Visean | 345.3 ± 2.1 | 326.4 ± 1.6 | age (Carboniferous) | ICS | Visé (Belgium) | Dumont, 1832 | |
| Vraconian | sub-age (Cretaceous) | regional | |||||
| W | |||||||
| Waalian | 1.45 | 1.20 | super-age (Pleistocene) | Netherlands | river Waal | ||
| Waiauan | 12.7 | 10.9 | age (Miocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Waipawan | 55.5 | 53.0 | age (Eocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Waipipian | 3.60 | 3.00 | age (Pliocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Waitakian | 25.2 | 21.7 | age (Oligo-Miocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Waitotaran | 3.8 | 3.1 | sub-age (Pliocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Waltonian | ~2.52 | age (Pliocene) | Great Britain | Walton-on-the-Naze | Harmer, | ||
| Wanganui | 5.28 | present | epoch (Neogene-Quaternary) | New Zealand | Wanganui | ||
| Wangerripian | age (Paleo-Eocene) | Australia | |||||
| Warendian | 485 | 478.6 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | |||
| Warthian | 0.15 | 0.13 | chronozone (Pleistocene) | Northwest Europe | |||
| Wasatchian | 55.4 | 50.3 | age (Eocene) | North America | |||
| Waucoban | epoch (Cambrian) | North America | |||||
| Weichselian | 0.116 | 0.0115 | age | Northern Europe | Weichsel, German name for the river Vistula (Poland) | ||
| Wenlock(-ian) | 428.2 ± 2.3 | 422.9 ± 2.5 | epoch (Silurian) | ICS | Much Wenlock (England) | Murchison, 1833 | |
| Werrikooian | 1.00 | 1.806 | age (Pleistocene) | Australia | |||
| Westphalian | 313.0 | 303.9 | age (Carboniferous) | Europe | Westphalia (Germany) | de Lapparent & Munier-Chalmas, 1892 | |
| Whaingaroan | 34.3 | 27.3 | age (Oligocene) | New Zealand | |||
| Wheelerian | 1.9 | 0.01143 | age (Pleistocene) | California | |||
| Whiterockian | 471.8 ± 1.6 | 462 | age (Ordovician) | North America | |||
| Whitlandian | 475 | 473.5 | age (Ordovician) | Europe | Whitland (Wales) | ||
| Whitneyan | 33.3 | 30.8 | age (Oligocene) | North America | |||
| Whitwellian | 426.2 ± 2.4 | 425.4 | age (Silurian) | regional | Whitwell Coppice (England) | ||
| Wisconsinan | 0.075 | 0.01 | age (Pleistocene) | North America | |||
| Wolfcampian | age (Permian) | North America | |||||
| Wolstonian | 0.238 | 0.128 | age (Pleistocene) | Great Britain | Wolston (England) | ||
| Woodbinian | age (Cretaceous) | Gulf coast and Atlantic coast of the US | Murray, 1961 | ||||
| Wordian | 268.0 ± 0.7 | 265.8 ± 0.7 | age (Permian) | ICS | |||
| Wuchenghuangtuan | 2.4 | 1.2 | age (Pleistocene) | China | |||
| Wuchiapingian | 260.4 ± 0.7 | 253.8 ± 0.7 | age (Permian) | ICS | |||
| Würm Glacial | 0.116 | 0.0115 | age (Pleistocene) | Alps | river Würm (Germany) | ||
| Wutaian | 2,600 | 2,350 | age (Archaean-Proterozoic) | China | |||
| X | |||||||
| Xiaodushanian | 299 | age (Carboniferous) | China | ||||
| Xiushanian | 429 | 425.5 | age (Silurian) | China | |||
| Y | |||||||
| Yanguan | 349.5 | 345 | age (Carboniferous) | China | |||
| Yarmouthian | 0.26 | 0.17 | age (Pleistocene) | North America | Aegean Sea | ||
| Yatalan | 3.4 | 2.0 | age (Plio-Pleistocene) | Australia | |||
| Yeadonian | 315.5 | 314.5 | age (Carboniferous) | regional | Yeadon (England) | ||
| Younger Dryas | 12,700 BP | 11,560 BP | chron (Weichselian) | Northern Europe | Dryas octopetala (plant) | ||
| Ypeenian | 470 | 468.1 | age (Ordovician) | Australia | |||
| Ypresian | 55.8 ± 0.2 | 48.6 ± 0.2 | age (Eocene) | ICS | Ypres, French name for Ieper (Belgium) | Dumont, 1849 | |
| Ynezian | 61.5 | 55.8 | age (Paleocene) | California | |||
| Yuian | 9.5 | 3.6 | age (Plio-Miocene) | Japan | |||
| Yurmatian | 1,375 | 1,100 | age (Proterozoic) | Russia | |||
| Yuzanjian | 1.5 | 0.75 | age (Pleistocene) | Japan | |||
| Z | |||||||
| Zanclean | 5.332 | 3.60 | age (Pliocene) | ICS | Zancla, old name for Messina (Italy) | Sequenza, 1868 | |
| Zechstein[3] | ±270 | ±250 | sub-period (Permian) | Europe (unofficial) | |||
| Zemorrian | 33.5 | 22.0 | age (Oligo-Miocene) | California | |||
| Zhungxian | 505 | 501 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
| Zuzhungian | 509 | 503 | age (Cambrian) | China | |||
See also
References
- ^ Names from local versions of the geologic timescale can often be found in the local language. The English name is usually found by replacing the suffix in the local language for -an or -ian. Examples for "local" suffices are -en (French), -ano (Spanish), -ium (German) or -aan (Flemish Dutch). The English name "Norian", for example, becomes Noriano in Spanish, Norium in German or Norien in French.
- ^ a b Time is given in Megaannum (million years BP, unless other units are given in the table. BP stands for "years before present". For ICS-units the absolute ages are taken from Gradstein et al. (2004).
- ^ a b c d e f g h This name is often still used in a chronostratigraphic or geochronologic sense, although it is now officially a lithostratigraphic unit.
- ^ Menning et al. 2005
- ^ a b Hoffmann et al. 2004
- ^ The status of the Tertiary is not yet decided. The ICS will probably make a decision in 2009.
Literature
- Basset, M. G.; Cocks, L. R. M.; Holland, C. H.; Rickards, R. B.; and Warren, P. T.; 1975: The type Wenlock series, Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 75(13), pp. 1–19.
- Cocks, L. R. M.; Holland, C. H.; Rickards, R. B.; and Strachan, I.; 1971: A correlation of Silurian rocks in the British Isles, Journal of the Geological Society 127(2), pp. 103–136.
- Gradstein, F. M.; Ogg, J. G.; and Smith, A. G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 0-521-78142-6.
- Hoffmann, K.-H.; Condon, D. J.; Bowring, S. A.; and Crowley, J. L.; 2004: U-Pb zircon date from the Neoproterozoic Ghaub Formation, Namibia: Constraints on Marinoan glaciation, Geology 32(9), pp. 817–820.
- Holland, C. H.; Lawson, J. D.; Walmsley, V. G.; and White D. E.; 1980: Ludlow stages, Lethaia 13, p. 268, ISSN 0024-1164.
- Menning, M.; Alekseev, A. S.; Chuvashov, B. I.; Davydov, V. I.; Devuyst, F.-X.; Forke, H. C.; Grunt, T. A.; Hance, L.; Heckel, P. H.; Izokh, N. G.; Jin, Y.-G.; Jones, P. J.; Kotlyar, G. V.; Kozur, H. W.; Nemyrovska, T. I.; Schneider, J. W.; Wang, X.-D.; Weddige, K., Weyer, D.; and Work, D. M.; 2005: Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China, and North America as used in the Devonian–Carboniferous–Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP 2003), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240, pp. 318–372.
- Rio, D.; Sprovieri, R.; Castradori, D.; and Di Stefano, E.; 1998: The Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene): a new unit of the global standard chronostratigraphic scale, Episodes 21(2), p. 82-87.