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Hatnua

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Hatnuah
התנועה
LeaderTzipi Livni[1]
Founded27 November 2012 (2012-11-27)[2]
Split fromKadima
HeadquartersTel Aviv, Israel
IdeologyLiberalism[3][4]
Two-State Solution[5][6]
Secularism[7][8]
Environmentalism[9][10]
Zionism[11]
Political positionCenter [12][13] to Center-left[14][15][16]
National affiliationZionist Union
ColorsBlue, white
Knesset
5 / 120
Election symbol
צפ
Website
www.hatnua.org.il
On 27 November 2012 Tzipi Livni officially announced the establishment of the Movement.

Hatnuah (Template:Lang-he-n)[17] is a liberal political party in Israel[18][19] formed by Tzipi Livni to present an alternative to voters frustrated by the stalemate in peacemaking.[20]

The party was formed by dissidents in Kadima, which Livni, who had led the party's progressive wing,[21] headed until March 2012 when she lost to Shaul Mofaz,[1] who was part of the party's more conservative wing.[22][23][24] Although the establishment of the party was announced in late 2012, it is actually based on the infrastructure of Hetz, a faction that broke away from Shinui in 2006.[25] Relatively close in ideology to the Labor Party and Yesh Atid, which focused mostly on domestic and socioeconomic issues in their 2013 campaigns, Hatnuah stands out primarily for its aggressive push for a peace settlement with the Palestinians.[26]

In the 2013 legislative election, Hatnuah ran on a joint list with the Green Movement, and incorporated many of its core ideals into the party's platform.[27] Hatnuah's 2013 platform emphasized Arab–Israeli peace, social justice, environmental protection, the integration of all citizens into the military and workforce, and religious pluralism.[28]

In the 2015 legislative election, it ran on a joint electoral list with the Labor Party called the Zionist Union, which became the second-largest parliamentary group.

Formation

Following months of speculation, Livni announced the establishment of Hatnuah at a press conference in Tel Aviv on 27 November 2012, describing it as a "liberal, secular, and democratic party". In her announcement, Livni cited the need for the party after the government had entered into ceasefire negotiations with Hamas while peace talks with the Palestinian Authority were not occurring. She also pledged to push for military conscription of the ultra-Orthodox and to promote social justice initiatives for Israel's youth, noting that the then-recent Likud primaries only strengthened the party's hard-right faction.[29][30]

The party was formed by taking over the remains of the Hetz party, also inheriting the NIS 1.8 million in the party's bank account.[31] It began with seven members of the Knesset, all of whom were allies of Livni who were breaking away from Kadima.[32]

Following its establishment, the party was criticized in the media as ineffective,[33] although Ynetnews published a poll on 30 November 2011 that showed Livni was slightly more favored than Labor Party leader Shelly Yachimovich.[34] On 1 December 2012, former Labor leader Amram Mitzna joined the party.[35] A second former Labor leader, Amir Peretz, joined the party on 6 December.[36] The party campaigned on diplomatic issues, mainly peace with the Palestinians and preserving international support for Israel.[7]

In a Jerusalem Post interview, Livni said she created Hatnuah because there was a vacancy for a non-socialist party "representing the need to relaunch negotiations." She suggested that other parties had narrow agendas and that her party would not ignore the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which she said was connected to other issues affecting Israel.[37]

Ideology and politics

Having worked as Israel's lead peace negotiator, Livni is well respected internationally and has a good relationship with the Palestinian leadership.[17] The party campaigned almost exclusively on foreign policy issues, pushing for renewed peace talks with the Palestinians and preserving support from the international community,[7][17] especially the United States.[38]

Livni has stated that there should be a three-step process in order to resume negotiations with the Palestinians; the first step would be to ensure coordination with America; the second step would be utilizing the EU to back the negotiations; the third step would be to direct negotiations with the Palestinians; she also stated that there would be no negotiations with Hamas unless they "renounced terror".[39] It is also committed to passing a Basic Law that deals with the protection of the environment,[40] and another to protect social rights. It is in favor of a differential value added tax as well as canceling existing subsidies for West Bank settlements and ultra-Orthodox sectoral interests while increasing the fees charged for the mining of natural resources. Livni has long been an advocate for women's rights and gay rights,[41] and her party supports same-sex marriage in Israel.[42]

The party's social agenda is similar to that of other center-left parties.[43] Livni is socially progressive and is well known for having refused the coalition terms of religious parties as the leader of Kadima.[44] Hatnuah is liberal on matters of religion and state.[8] Like Yesh Atid, it is in favor of conversion reform.[45][46]

The party sees economic issues, as with other issues, as interconnected with the country's security and diplomacy situation.[47][48] (Broadly speaking, its economic position is close to Third Way policies.[49][50][51]) According to Livni, the absence of a peace deal can hinder Israel's economic growth and its chances of allying with moderate Arab states.[52][53]

19th Knesset

The party went on to win six seats in the 2013 Knesset elections.[54] It did not endorse any candidate for prime minister to President Shimon Peres. Amid reports that coalition negotiations between Netanyahu and the Yesh Atid and Jewish Home factions, which formed an alliance, were floundering, Hatnuah became the first party sign on to joining Benjamin Netanyahu's government.[55][56] As part of its coalition agreement, Hatnuah received the Justice Ministry (held by Livni) and the Environmental Protection Ministry (held by Peretz), and a ministerial team for the peace process with the Palestinians was established with Livni as chief negotiator.[57] Coalition negotiations also involved the issue of ultra-Orthodox military conscription. Hatnuah MK Elazar Stern, whose long-running work on the matter also formed Yesh Atid's position thereon, sought to stiffen sanctions against yeshivas that fail to meet conscription targets.[58] Livni said she would not officially join Netanyahu's government without other center-left parties; Yesh Atid eventually signed on as a coalition partner.[55]

During his tenure as environmental protection minister, Peretz championed the slogan "it is impossible to separate environmental and social justice", and his campaigns within the ministry have followed suit. Many of the changes Peretz led involved minority or periphery communities, such as ongoing efforts to bring waste infrastructure to Arab towns and Bedouin villages, in particular. Other accomplishment involved the government approval of a NIS 45 million budget for addressing environmental deficiencies for residents of the south and the eradication of free plastic bags from grocery stores. With Livni's approval, he resigned as cabinet minister in November 2014, citing his frustration with Netanyahu's policies and the lack of peace negotiations. He remained a member of Hatnuah and the governing coalition.[59][60][61]

Hatnuah often sparred with the Jewish Home, another coalition partner, particularly with regard to peace negotiations, which Hatnuah continuously pushed for.[62] Justice Minister Livni also advanced a bill that gave equal inheritance rights to same-sex couples.[63]

On 2 December 2014, Netanyahu fired Livni from her cabinet portfolio, accusing her and Yesh Atid leader Yair Lapid of conspiring to bring down the governing coalition.[64] The following week, Hatnuah agreed to run on a joint list with the opposition Labor Party in the ensuing March 2015 election, with Livni alleging that Likud had been taken over by right-wing extremists. If the joint list wins the election and is able to form a government, under the agreement the position of Prime Minister would rotate between Livni and Labor leader Isaac Herzog.[65] In protest of the alliance, Elazar Stern left the party on 20 December 2014[66] and soon joined Yesh Atid. Tzur, Mitzna, and Sheetrit announced their retirement from politics altogether; of them, Tzur and Mitzna expressed support for the alliance with Labor, while Sheetrit said he opposed it.[67][68][69] Peretz, the only MK to join Livni, not only supported the alliance, but later added he would like to see a full merger between the parties.[70]

As part of its agreement with Labor, Livni received the second spot on the joint list. Spots 8, 16, 21, 24, 25 were reserved for Hatnuah members, going, in order, to Peretz, former Kadima MK and Livni ally Yoel Hasson, Channel 9 journalist and analyst on Arab affairs Ksenia Svetlova, Maj. Gen. (res.) Eyal Ben-Reuven, and Green Movement co-chair Yael Cohen Paran.[71][72][73]

Electoral history

In the Israeli legislative election, 2013, Hatnuah won 6 seats with almost 5% of the votes, while the remainder of Kadima won 2 seats with 2% of the votes. The party had a surplus vote agreement with Meretz.

The six seats were taken by:[74]

For the Israeli legislative election, 2015, spots on the Zionist Union list reserved for Hatnuah are 2, 8, 16, 21, 23, 24 and 28 (at the time of the primary elections 2, 8, 16, 21, 24 and 25). Spot nr. 11, originally reserved for Hatnuah as well, was taken up by Manuel Trajtenberg, affiliated with the Zionist Union as a whole. The candidates are:[75][76]

References

  1. ^ a b Yossi Verter (27 November 2012). "Tzipi Livni's new movement brings her full circle back to Israeli politics". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  2. ^ Gil Hoffman (27 November 2012). "Livni returns to politics with The Tzipi Livni Party". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  3. ^ Christoph Schult (22 March 2013). "Pensions for Jewish Ghetto Laborers: Israel Angered By German Government". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  4. ^ Katherine Philip (16 January 2014). "Outcry as Israel tries to ban the word 'Nazi'". The Times.(subscription required)
  5. ^ Karin Laub (22 January 2013). "Israel vote presents diplomatic, domestic choices". Associated Press. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  6. ^ Ben Birnbaum (23 August 2013). "Tzipi Livni and the quest for peace in Israel and Palestine". Newsweek. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  7. ^ a b c Jim Zanotti (28 February 2014). "Israel: Background and U.S. Relations" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  8. ^ a b Judy Maltz (17 December 2014). "Where do Israeli lawmakers stand on matters of religion and state?". Haaretz. Both Meretz and Hatnuah are known for their progressive platforms on matters of religion and state.
  9. ^ "Hatnua presents green platform". Ynetnews. 26 December 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  10. ^ Justin Scott Finkelstein (August 2013). "Can the Israeli Center Hold?" (PDF). Foreign Policy Research Institute.
  11. ^ Carlo Strenger, Israel today: a society without a center, Haaretz (March 7, 2014)
  12. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-21073450
  13. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/13/these-are-the-political-parties-battling-for-israels-future/
  14. ^ Miriam Fendius Elman; Oded Haklai; Hendrik Spruyt (2014). Democracy and Conflict Resolution: The Dilemmas of Israel's Peacemaking. Syracuse University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8156-5251-9.
  15. ^ Judi Rudoren (15 March 2015). "Israeli Leaders Form New Government". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  16. ^ Malcolm Russell (28 August 2013). The Middle East and South Asia 2013. Stryker Post. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-4758-0487-4.
  17. ^ a b c Josef Federman (22 February 2013). "Analysis: Netanyahu gambit appears to backfire". Associated Press. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  18. ^ "Israel". European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015. The party is a liberal party that Israel did not had since 2006.
  19. ^ Sophie Desjardin (13 March 2015). "Livni and Herzog merge in Zionist Union to oust Netanyahu". Euronews. She quit the traditional Likud party of the right to join the Kadima centrists before she formed the liberal Hatnuah party. He's a socialist. Together, they head the centre-left Zionist Union, with a mantra 'to defend a Jewish and democratic state'.
  20. ^ "A Look at the Makeup of the New Israeli Government". Associated Press. 14 March 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  21. ^ Nathan Jeffay (26 September 2008). "Livni's Ascension Threatens Labor Party's Position in Future Elections". The Jewish Daily Forward. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  22. ^ Ethan Bronner (18 September 2008). "Israel's Livni to Begin Coalition Talks". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  23. ^ Ashraf Khalil (17 September 2008). "Israel's Kadima voting for a new leader". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  24. ^ See also the political compasses made for the 2013 elections by Haaretz and Kieskompas (in collaboration with the Israel Democracy Institute and The Jerusalem Post), both of which place Hatnuah led by Tzipi Livni to left of Kadima led by Mofaz.
  25. ^ Ilan Lior; Jonathan Lis (2 December 2012). "Former Labor Party leader Amram Mitzna joins Livni's party". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  26. ^ Amy Teibel (20 January 2013). "Ultra-Orthodox clout may ebb after Israel election". Associated Press. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  27. ^ Itai Trilnick (23 December 2012). "Livni waves a big green flag". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  28. ^ Hatnua 2013 platform
  29. ^ Michal Shmulovich (27 November 2012). "Tzipi Livni launches new party, 'The Movement'; promises to fight for 'democratic Israel'". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  30. ^ Guide to Israel's political parties, BBC, 21 January 2013
  31. ^ Mati Tuchfeld (21 December 2012). "Netanyahu's advantage". Israel HaYom. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  32. ^ "Mergers and splits among parliamentary groups". Knesset. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  33. ^ Lilach Weissman (29 November 2012). "Livni fails to take off – poll". Globes. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  34. ^ "Poll: Livni strongest against Netanyahu". Ynetnews. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  35. ^ Yuval Karni (1 December 2012). "Amram Mitzna joins Livni's new party". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  36. ^ Yuval Karni (6 December 2012). "Amir Peretz joins Livni's new party". Ynetnews. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  37. ^ Gil Hoffman, Politics: Livni as Netanyahu’s foreign minister? Jerusalem Post, 14 December 2012
  38. ^ Editorial (18 January 2013). "Weaken the right". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  39. ^ "Livni outlines Hatnuah foreign policy platform". Britain Israel Communications & Research Centre. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  40. ^ Sharon Udasin (21 December 2012). "Tzipi Livni Party presents environmental agenda". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  41. ^ Gabe Fisher (6 March 2012). "Tzipi Livni called one of world's 150 most powerful women". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  42. ^ "בחירות 2013: אילו מפלגות בעד נישואים חד-מיניים ומי מתנגד? " (in Hebrew). Channel 2 News. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Winds of Change: An Analysis of Israeli Elections" (PDF). APCO Worldwide. January 2013.[dead link]
  44. ^ Israel election: Who are the key candidates?, BBC (14 March 2015)
  45. ^ "Israeli government doves forming joint peace front". i24news. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  46. ^ Jonathan Lis (11 February 2014). "Israel to implement far-reaching conversion reforms, following cabinet approval". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  47. ^ Yonah Jeremy Bob; Lahav Harkov; Khaled Abu Toameh; Tovah Lazaroff (30 December 2013). "Assailing the right, Livni says settlements harm Israel's security". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  48. ^ Herb Keinon (2 July 2013). "Livni: Without peace progress European boycott will move from settlements to rest of country". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  49. ^ Alexander Murinson (28 January 2013). "Israelis prefer a right-leaning government of Netanyahu, Lapid and Bennett". Strategic Outlook. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  50. ^ Harkov, Lahav (17 December 2012). "Livni, Peretz present 'revolutionary' economic plan". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  51. ^ Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine
  52. ^ "Israel Justice Minister: U.S. Shouldn't Give Up On Palestinian Peace Process". All Things Considered. NPR. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015. Robert Siegel speaks with Tzipi Livni, the Israeli Minister of Justice and the country's chief negotiator with the Palestinians, about the future of the failed peace process.
  53. ^ Herb Keinon (9 September 2014). "Livni tells parley: Israel needs daring diplomatic initiative". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  54. ^ Gil Hoffman (29 November 2012). "JPost/Smith poll: Livni party worth only six seats". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  55. ^ a b Jodi Rudoren, Israel: Deal Gives Netanyahu Rival Palestinian Portfolio, New York Times, 19 February 2013
  56. ^ "Nineteenth Knesset: Government 33". Knesset. 18 March 2013.
  57. ^ Ruth Levush, Israel: 2013 Government Composition and Coalition Agreements, Law Library of Congress
  58. ^ Yair Ettinger, Livni to join Netanyahu coalition, but divide remains deep on Haredi draft, Haaretz, 20 February 2013
  59. ^ Lahav Harkov; Sharon Udasin (9 November 2014). "Peretz resigns with jab at Netanyahu: Are we living in a monarchy? There is an alternative". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  60. ^ Yossi Verter (13 November 2014). "Lapid as Israel's next PM, and other fairytales". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  61. ^ Barak Ravid; Jonathan Lis (9 November 2014). "Peretz announces intent to resign from coalition over Netanyahu's policies". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  62. ^ Jeremy Ashkenas, In Netanyahu’s Next Knesset, a More Compatible Coalition, New York Times, 19 March 2015
  63. ^ Itamar Sharon, Committee okays inheritance between same-sex partners, Times of Israel, May 12, 2014
  64. ^ Elie Leshem; Ilan Ben Zion (2 December 2014). "Accusing Lapid and Livni of attempted 'putsch,' Netanyahu fires them, calls elections". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  65. ^ Jonathan Lis (10 December 2014). "Labor, Livni agree to join forces ahead of elections". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  66. ^ "MK Stern breaks from Hatnua, blames Livni". The Times of Israel. 20 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  67. ^ Stuart Winer (25 December 2014). "Two more MKs abandon Livni's Hatnua party". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  68. ^ Noa Amouyal; Gil Hoffman (25 December 2014). "Veteran MK Meir Sheetrit: I will not be in the next Knesset". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  69. ^ Hezki Ezra (23 December 2014). "MK David Tzur Resigns from Tzipi Livni's Hatnua". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  70. ^ Gil Hoffman, Peretz, Cabel: Herzog should get another chance, Jerusalem Post, 1 April 2015
  71. ^ "Israel elections updates /Lieberman presents Knesset list: Four women in top 10". Haaretz. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  72. ^ Gil Hoffman (26 January 2015). "Herzog may accept invite to Washington". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  73. ^ "Labor-Hatnua adds Maj.-Gen.(res.) Eyal Ben-Reuven to list". The Jerusalem Post. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  74. ^ Niv Elis (24 January 2013). "Disappointed Livni mum on coalition options". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  75. ^ Moran Azulay (14 January 2015). "Disappointed Livni mum on coalition options". Ynetnews. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  76. ^ Zionist Union (2015). "Our candidates". Zionist Union. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
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