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This article is about the US bus line. For Greyhound bus lines in other countries, see Greyhound (disambiguation).

Greyhound Lines
Greyhound Lines Prevost X3-45 in New York City in August 2009
ParentFirstGroup
Founded1914 by Carl Wickman
HeadquartersPatriot Tower
350 North Saint Paul Street
Dallas, Texas
Service areaUnited States, Canada, and Mexico[1]
Service typeIntercity coach service
AllianceTrailways, Jefferson Lines, Indian Trails, Peter Pan Bus Lines, and others
Routes123 routes[2] (includes Greyhound Express and NeOn routes)
Destinations3,800+[1]
HubsDallas, St. Louis, Chicago, Atlanta, Richmond, Miami, Denver, Los Angeles, and others
Stations2,400+
Fleet1,229 motorcoaches[3] mostly MCI 102DL3, G4500, D4505, and Prevost X3-45
Fuel typeDiesel
Chief executiveDavid Leach
Websitewww.greyhound.com

Greyhound Lines, Inc., usually shortened to Greyhound, is an intercity bus common carrier serving over 3,800 destinations across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The company's first route began in Hibbing, Minnesota in 1914, and the company adopted the name The Greyhound Corporation in 1929. Since October 2007, Greyhound has been a subsidiary of Scottish transportation company FirstGroup, but continues to be based in Dallas, Texas, where it has been headquartered since 1987. Greyhound and sister companies in FirstGroup America are the largest motorcoach operators in the US and Canada.[4]

Along with its flagship Greyhound brand, the company also jointly operates BoltBus, the NeOn bus service and YO! Bus with other carriers.

History

Early years (1914–1930)

1936 stock certificate number 0000

Carl Eric Wickman was born in Sweden in 1887. In 1905 he moved to the United States where he was working in a mine as a drill operator in Alice, Minnesota, until he was laid off in 1914. In the same year, he became a Hupmobile salesman in Hibbing, Minnesota.[5] He proved unable to sell the car. In 1914, using his remaining vehicle, a 7-passenger car,[6] he began a bus service with Andy (Bus Andy) Anderson and C.A.A. (Arvid) Heed,[7] by transporting iron ore miners from Hibbing to Alice (known for its saloons)[6] at 15 cents a ride.[8]

In 1915 Wickman joined forces with Ralph Bogan, who was running a similar service from Hibbing to Duluth, Minnesota. The name of the new organization was the Mesaba Transportation Company,[9] and it made $8,000 in profit in its first year.

By the end of World War I in 1918, Wickman owned 18 buses and was making an annual profit of $40,000. In 1922, Wickman joined forces with Orville Caesar, the owner of the Superior White Bus Lines. Four years later, Wickman purchased two West Coast operations, the Pioneer Yelloway System (the operator of the nation's first transcontinental bus) and the Pickwick Lines, creating a national intercity bus company.[10]

The Greyhound name had its origins in the inaugural run of a route from Superior, Wisconsin to Wausau, Wisconsin. While passing through a small town, Ed Stone, the route's operator, saw the reflection of his 1920s era bus in a store window. The reflection reminded him of a greyhound dog, and he adopted that name for that segment of the Blue Goose Lines. The Greyhound name became popular and later applied to the entire bus network. Stone later became General Sales Manager of Yellow Truck and Coach, a division of General Motors (GM), which built Greyhound buses. Wickman, as the president of the company, continued to expand it so that by 1927, his buses were making transcontinental trips from California to New York. In 1928, Greyhound had a gross annual income of $6 million.[6]

In 1929, Greyhound acquired additional interests in Southland Transportation Company, the Gray Line, and part of the Colonial Motor Coach Company to form Eastern Greyhound Lines.[11] Greyhound also acquired an interest in Northland Transportation Company, and renamed it Northland Greyhound Lines.[11]

1930–1945

Greyhound station in Columbia, South Carolina, built in 1938–1939 in the Art Deco style known as Streamline Moderne (photo taken in 1986).
Front view of a Greyhound Lines Supercoach from the mid to late 1930s.

By 1930 more than 100 bus lines had been consolidated into what was called the "Motor Transit Company". Recognizing that the company needed a more memorable name, the partners of the Motor Transit Company decided to rename it after the "Greyhound" marketing phrase used by earlier bus lines.[12]

Wickman's business suffered during the Great Depression, and by 1931 was over $1 million in debt.

As the 1930s progressed and the economy improved, the Greyhound Corporation began to prosper again. In 1934, intercity bus lines (of which Greyhound was the largest) carried approximately 400,000,000 passengers—nearly as many passengers as the Class I railroads. The 1934 hit film, It Happened One Night, the first movie to win the Big Five Academy Awards, centered on an heiress traveling by Greyhound bus.[13] The movie is credited by the company for spurring bus travel nationwide.[14] In 1935, national intercity bus ridership climbed 50% to 651,999,000 passengers, surpassing the volume of passengers carried by the Class I railroads for the first time.[15] In 1935 Wickman was able to announce record profits of $8 million. In 1936, already the largest bus carrier in the United States, Greyhound began taking delivery of 306 new buses.[16]

To accommodate the rapid growth in bus travel, Greyhound also built many new stations in the period between 1937 and 1945, most of them in a late Art Deco style known as Streamline Moderne.[17] In 1937, Greyhound embarked on a program of unifying its brand identity by acquiring both buses and terminals in the Streamline style.[18] By the outbreak of World War II, the company had 4,750 stations and nearly 10,000 employees.[citation needed]

Expansion, desegregation, and diversification (1945–1983)

A Greyhound GMC PD-3751 Silversides in the 1950s livery
A GMC PD-4106, ready for boarding in Salem, Oregon for a trip north to Seattle on the then-new Interstate 5, in the fall of 1965

Wickman retired as president of the Greyhound Corporation in 1946, being replaced by his long-time partner Orville Caesar.[19] Wickman died at the age of 66 in 1954.[20]

After World War II, and the building of the Interstate Highway System beginning in 1956, automobile ownership and travel became a preferred mode of travel in the United States.[21] This, combined with the increasing affordability of air travel, spelled trouble for Greyhound and other intercity bus carriers.[21]

In 1955, the Interstate Commerce Commission ruled in the case of Keys v. Carolina Coach Co. that U.S. interstate bus operations, such as Greyhound's, could not be segregated by race.[22] In 1960, in the case of Boynton v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court found that an African American had been wrongly convicted of trespassing in a "whites only" terminal area.[23] In May 1961, civil rights activists organized interracial Freedom Rides as proof of the desegregation rulings. On May 14, a mob attacked pair of buses (a Greyhound and a Trailways) traveling from Washington, D.C., to New Orleans, Louisiana, and slashed the Greyhound bus's tires.[24] Several miles outside of Anniston, Alabama, the mob forced the Greyhound bus to stop, broke its windows, and firebombed it.[25][26] The mob held the bus' doors shut, intending to burn the riders to death. Sources disagree, but either an exploding fuel tank[25] or an undercover state investigator brandishing a revolver[27] caused the mob to retreat. When the riders escaped the bus, the mob beat them, while warning shots fired into the air by highway patrolmen prevented them from being lynched.[25] Title II and Title III of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 broadened protections beyond federally-regulated carriers such as Greyhound, to include non-discrimination in hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations, as well as state and local government buildings.[28]

Greyhound bus ticket from August 1975

Later in the 1960s, Greyhound leadership saw a trend of declining ridership and began significant changes, including using the profitable bus operations to invest in other industries.[21] By the 1970s, Greyhound had moved its headquarters to Phoenix, Arizona and was a large and diversified company, with holdings in everything from the Armour meat-packing company (which in turn owned the popular Dial deodorant soap brand), acquired in 1970; Traveller's Express money orders, MCI bus manufacturing company, and even airliner leasing. Indeed, Greyhound had entered a time of great change, even beginning to hire African American and female drivers in the late seventies.[29]

In 1972, Greyhound introduced the special unlimited mileage "Ameripass." The pass was initially marketed as offering "99 days for $99" (equal to $721.12 today) or, in other words, transportation to anywhere at anytime, for a dollar a day. For decades it was a popular choice for tourists on a budget who wanted to wander across the cities and towns of America.[30] Over time Greyhound raised the price of the pass, shortened its validity period and rebranded it as the Discovery Pass, before finally discontinuing it in 2012.[30]

Greyhound acquired Premier Cruise Line in 1984.[31] Between 1985 and 1993, Premier operated as the "Official Cruise Line of Walt Disney World" with onboard Disney characters.[32]

Consolidation, strikes, and bankruptcies (1983–2001)

1983 Greyhound drivers' strike

In 1983, Greyhound operated a fleet of 3,800 buses and carried about 60 percent of the United States' bus-travel market.[33] Starting November 2, 1983, Greyhound suffered a major and bitter drivers' strike[34][35] with one fatality in Zanesville, Ohio, when a company bus ran over a worker at a picket line.[36][37] A new contract was ratified December 19, and drivers returned to work the next day.[38]

Spin-off, merger, and first bankruptcy (1986–1990)

By the time contract negotiations with the Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) were due again at the end of 1986, the bus line was in the process of being sold to Dallas-based investors. By early 1987, Greyhound Lines had returned to being a stand-alone bus transportation company. Under CEO Fred Currey, a former executive of rival Continental Trailways, Greyhound's corporate headquarters relocated to Dallas, Texas.[39]

In February 1987, Greyhound Lines' new ownership and the ATU agreed on a new, 3-year contract.[40] In June 1987, Greyhound Lines acquired Trailways, Inc. (formerly Continental Trailways), the largest member of the rival National Trailways Bus System, effectively consolidating into a national bus service. Greyhound was required by the ICC, in their action approving the merger, to maintain coordinated schedules with other scheduled service operators in the U.S.[41]

Between 1987 and 1990, Greyhound Lines' former parent continued to be called Greyhound Corp., confusing passengers and investors alike.[42] Greyhound Corp. retained both Premier Cruise Lines, and ten Greyhound-brand non-bus subsidiaries, such as Greyhound Leisure Services, Inc. (an operator of airport and cruise ship duty-free shops), and Greyhound Exhibits.[43] In March 1990, the former conglomerate parent changed its name to Greyhound Dial. Because Greyhound Dial's switchboard continued to get questions from misdirected bus passengers,[42] it ultimately changed its name to Dial Corporation in March 1991, to eliminate any association with bus travel.[44]

1990 Greyhound drivers' strike

In early 1990, the drivers' contract from 1987 expired at the end of its three-year term. In March, the ATU began its strike against Greyhound. The 1990 drivers' strike was similar in its bitterness to the strike of 1983, with violence against both strikers and their replacement workers. One striker in California was killed by a Greyhound bus driven by a strikebreaker,[45] and a shot was fired at a Greyhound bus.[46] During the strike by its 6,300 drivers, Greyhound idled much of its fleet of 3,949 buses and cancelled 80% of its routes.[47] At the same time, Greyhound was having to contend with the rise of low-cost airlines like Southwest Airlines, which further reduced the market for long-distance inter-city bus transportation. Without the financial strength provided in the past by a parent company, the strike's lower revenues and higher costs for security and labor-law penalties caused Greyhound to file for bankruptcy in June 1990.[48] The strike would not be settled for 38 months under terms favorable to Greyhound. While the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) had awarded damages for unfair labor practices to the strikers, this liability was discharged during bankruptcy reorganization.[45][49]

Early 1990s: Bankruptcy and antitrust cases

At the end of 1990, the company had $488 million in assets and $654 million in liabilities.[50] During bankruptcy, the company ultimately had to address claims for $142 million in back-pay for its striking drivers, and $384 million of pre-bankruptcy debts owed mostly to the investor group led by Fred G. Currey.[50]

According to the company, upon emergence from bankruptcy in August 1991, Greyhound had shrunk its overall workforce to 7,900 employees (from 12,000 pre-bankruptcy), and trimmed its fleet to 2,750 buses and 3,600 drivers.[50]

In August 1992, Greyhound canceled its bus terminal license (BTL) agreements with other carriers at 200 terminals, and imposed the requirement that Greyhound be the sole-seller of the tenant's bus tickets within a 25-mile radius of such a Greyhound terminal.[51] In 1995, The United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division brought suit to stop this practice, alleging that it was an illegal restraint of trade, bad for consumers, and reduced competition.[51] In February 1996, the United States won its case, and Greyhound agreed to permit its tenants to sell tickets nearby and permit its tenants to honor interline tickets with competitors.[52]

Greyhound's total revenues in 1994 were $616 million.[51]

Trailways-Laidlaw mergers and bankruptcy of 2001

Greyhound MCI MC-12 Americruiser number 2119 in Fremont, Indiana headed for Cleveland, Ohio in August 2003

In the late 1990s, Greyhound Lines acquired two more members of the National Trailways Bus System. The company purchased Carolina Trailways in 1997,[53] followed by the intercity operations of Southeastern Trailways in 1998.[54] Following the acquisitions, most of the remaining members of the Trailways System began interlining cooperatively with Greyhound, discontinued their scheduled route services, diversified into charters and tours, or went out of business altogether.

On September 3, 1997, Burlington, Ontario-based transportation conglomerate Laidlaw Inc. announced it would buy Greyhound Canada Transportation ULC (Greyhound's Canadian operations) for $72 million (USD).[55]

In October 1998, Laidlaw announced it would acquire the U.S. operations of Greyhound Lines, Inc., including Carolina Trailways and other Greyhound affiliates, for about $470 million.[56] When the acquisition was completed in March 1999, all of Greyhound and much of Trailways had become wholly owned subsidiaries of Laidlaw.[57]

After incurring heavy losses through its investments in Greyhound Lines and other parts of its diversified business, Laidlaw Inc. filed for protection under both U.S. and Canadian bankruptcy laws in June 2001.[58]

Laidlaw years (2002–2007)

A Greyhound MCI G4500 in the early 2000s livery in Atlantic City, New Jersey

Naperville, Illinois-based Laidlaw International, Inc. listed its common shares on the New York Stock Exchange on February 10, 2003 and emerged from re-organization on June 23, 2003 as the successor to Laidlaw Inc.

After this bankruptcy filing, Greyhound dropped low-demand rural stops and started concentrating on dense, inter-metropolitan routes. It cut nearly 37 percent of its network.[59] In some rural areas local operators took over the old stops (often with government subsidies) particularly in the Plains states, parts of the upper Midwest (such as Wisconsin), and the Pacific Northwest.[60][61][62][63]

Starting in 1997, Greyhound had faced significant competition in the northeast from Chinatown bus lines.[64] By 2003, more than 250 buses, operated by competitors like Fung Wah and Lucky Star Bus were competing fiercely from curbsides in the Chinatowns of New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.[64] When operating on inter-city routes, the Chinatown buses offered prices about 50% less than Greyhound's.[64] Between 1997 and 2007, Chinatown buses took 60% of Greyhound's market share in the northeast United States.[65]

FirstGroup ownership (2007 – present)

Inside a Greyhound bus station in Nashville, Tennessee, on the morning of May 24, 2010

On February 7, 2007, Scottish transport group FirstGroup purchased Laidlaw International for $3.6 billion. The deal closed on September 30, 2007[66] and the acquisition was completed on October 1, 2007[67] Although FirstGroup's interest was primarily the school and transit bus operations of Laidlaw, FirstGroup decided to retain the Greyhound operations and in 2009 exported the brand back to the United Kingdom as Greyhound UK.

Today, Greyhound's 1,229 buses serve over 3,800 destinations in North America, traveling 5.5 billion miles (8.8 billion km) on North America's roads.[3]

The "New Greyhound"

Almost immediately after acquiring the carrier, FirstGroup sought to improve Greyhound's image and create what it called the "New Greyhound", by refurbishing many terminals, expanding the fleet with new buses, refurbishing old buses, and retraining customer service staff. Greyhound also started a new advertising campaign with Butler, Shine, Stern & Partners aimed at attracting 18- to 24-year-olds and Hispanics back to "The New Greyhound".[68]

Completely rebuilt and modernized 2000 MCI 102DL3 bus in the new livery, July 2011

The "New Greyhound" also saw the introduction of a refreshed logo and a new navy blue and dark gray livery for buses. The company is in the process of rolling out the new livery to the nationwide fleet. As buses are repainted they are also being refurbished, receiving wireless Internet access, power outlets, and new leather seating with increased legroom.[69]

Addressing "overbooking"

During its ownership by Laidlaw, Greyhound had come under criticism for its ticket sale practices, specifically that although tickets had departure dates and times printed on them, Greyhound did not always stop sales after all the seats were purchased for each departure. In periods of high demand Greyhound added additional "sections" (buses), but the threshold required to trigger an additional section varied, often leaving passengers behind to wait for the next bus departure.[70]

Shortly after the sale to FirstGroup closed, Greyhound began a program in select markets, where riders could reserve a seat for an additional $5. However, only a limited number of seats could be reserved and the fee would have to be paid at the terminal's ticking counter, even if the ticket was bought in advance online.[71]

The problem was further addressed in 2014 when Greyhound rolled out a new yield management computer system. With the new system, Greyhound is now able to more closely manage the number of tickets sold for each departure and dynamically adjust pricing based on sales.[72] Although the amount of overbooked buses has been sharply reduced with this new system, Greyhound still does not explicitly guarantee a seat to everyone with a ticket (except on Greyhound Express routes).[73]

Services Launched since 2010

The next major change made by FirstGroup was the launch of a brand of premium bus routes called "Greyhound Express" in 2010. This came at the same time that competitor Megabus launched its third and fourth US hubs at Philadelphia and Washington D.C. and began to emphasize express services.[74] Grehyound's express routes make fewer stops between major cities (compared to regular Greyhound routes), use only newer model or refurbished buses, have guaranteed seating, and tickets start at $1.[75] Expansions in Greyhound's network and upgrades in its services in the early 2010s were at least partly a competitive response to Megabus.[76] In 2014, Greyhound CEO David S. Leach claimed a profit of $73 million on revenues of $990.6 million, and attributed the company's success to mix of changing urban populations, less attractive driving options, and competition that was benefiting all carriers.[77]

In July 2015, the company announced that it would open terminals in Monterrey and Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, and begin services between the two cities with onward schedules to existing terminals in Texas. In so doing, Greyhound claimed to be the first American bus company to operate an intra-Mexican route.[78] In September 2015, Greyhound announced expanded service in Missouri and Kansas shortly after Megabus announced that it would be ending service to several cities and college campuses.[79]

Services

Greyhound buses at the Portland, Oregon station

Greyhound operates 123 routes[2] serving over 3,800 destinations[1] in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Greyhound's scheduled services compete with the private automobile, low-cost airlines, Amtrak, and other intercity coach companies.

Greyhound Express

Greyhound Express is a low-cost express city-to-city service that makes either no stops or fewer stops compared to a traditional route. Fares start at $1 and seating is guaranteed since buses are not overbooked.[80] Greyhound Express was designed to directly compete with low-cost carriers like Megabus[81] and the Chinatown bus lines.

The service began on September 28, 2010 with several routes radiating from New York to major cities in the Northeastern United States[82] and rapidly expanded to serve destinations in the Midwestern, Southern and Southwestern United States. Currently the Greyhound Express network has expanded to serve 930 city pairs in nearly 120 markets, with further expansion planned.[83]

Greyhound Express routes are assigned new or refurbished buses that are equipped with Wi-Fi, power outlets, leather seats, and extra legroom. In many stations Greyhound Express customers can take advantage of dedicated waiting areas, separate from passengers traveling on other Greyhound services or other carriers. Some stations also board passengers onto Greyhound Express buses using numbers printed on tickets.[84] This number is assigned in the order in which the ticket was purchased, which means that passengers who bought their tickets earlier get to board the bus and choose their seats earlier.

Greyhound Connect

Greyhound Connect is a connector service that operates shorter routes to take passengers from stops in smaller, rural cities to stations in larger, urban cities. Buses are either from Greyhound's existing fleet or smaller, mid-sized buses (that are not equipped with a lavatory). Currently the Greyhound Connect service is offered in Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, and Utah.[85] Some routes are operated using funds from the "Federal Formula Grant Program for Rural Areas" from the Federal Transit Administration.[86]

Greyhound Charter Services

Greyhound Charter Services operates Charter Buses for customers. Due to its network of intercity routes Greyhound is able to operate charter services nationwide and offer one-way services.[87] In addition to providing transportation to individual groups, schools, and event operators, Greyhound Charter Services is also approved by the military and the government as a charter bus vendor.[88]

Greyhound Package Express

In addition to carrying passengers and their luggage, Greyhound buses also carry packages. Through Greyhound Package Express customers can book expedited cargo shipping door-to-door or station-to-station. The company says that shipping by bus offers a cost-effective alternative to other ground or air carriers for same-day delivery.[89]

Special routes

Lucky Streak

Lucky Streak is Greyhound's brand for routes between cities with casinos and other nearby cities. All fares are sold as open-ended round-trips, with passengers allowed to return to their origin at any time.[90] On the Atlantic City routes, casinos offer special bonuses (gambling credit, room/dining discounts) to Lucky Streak passengers.[90]

There are currently three Lucky Streak routes:[91]

  • Atlantic City: Baltimore, Brooklyn, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington DC
  • Connecticut (Mohegan Sun & Foxwoods Casino): Boston, Bridgeport, New Haven, New York City, Providence, and Stamford
  • Las Vegas: Anaheim, Barstow, Claremont, Compton, El Monte, Hollywood, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Ana, and Victorville

QuickLink is Greyhound's brand of commuter bus service that runs frequently during the peak weekday commuting hours.[92] In addition to one-way and round-trip tickets QuickLink offers monthly and 10-trip passes. Passes and tickets on QuickLink are flexible and passengers can board any bus with available seating. Currently the only QuickLink route is between Mt. Laurel, New Jersey and New York City.[92] Routes were formerly operated from Sacramento, California to the San Francisco Bay Area and Macon, Georgia to Atlanta.[93]

Other brands and partnerships

Discount services

Since the company was purchased by FirstGroup, Greyhound has initiated three new discount bus services that are operated in conjunction with other regional operators. These services are designed to compete with Chinatown bus carriers and more directly with Megabus.

BoltBus

Main article: BoltBus
BoltBus Prevost X3-45 in New York

BoltBus is Greyhound's brand of non-stop and limited-stop, premium level bus routes. Fares start as low as $1, with the lowest fares depending on how far in advance a trip is booked and demand for the trip, with fares increasing for trips booked closer to departure.[94][95] BoltBus uses newer model coaches that are equipped with Wi-Fi, power outlets, and leather seats with extra legroom.[96]

The first buses started running between Boston, New York City, and Washington, D.C. on March 27, 2008. In the Northeastern US BoltBus is operated in partnership with Peter Pan Bus Lines.[97]

BoltBus expanded to the West Coast in May 2012 with a route in the Pacific Northwest (between Vancouver, BC, Seattle, and Portland).[98][99] Service was expanded again in October 2013 with a route between the two largest metropolitan areas in California, Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area (San Jose & Oakland).[100] A stop in the city of San Francisco was added in December 2013 along with a new route between Los Angeles and Las Vegas.[101] West Coast routes are owned and operated directly by Greyhound without a regional partner.[102]

NeOn

NeOn, began service on May 29, 2008, between New York City and Toronto, Ontario[103] as a joint venture of Greyhound Lines, Greyhound Canada and Trailways of New York, the major inter-city bus carrier within most of New York State.[104] The service is designed to attract a new demographic of traveler who had long ago stopped taking intercity buses but who had grown comfortable with the low cost and convenience of the Chinatown bus services in the northeastern US.

Initially NeOn operated between street stops at Penn Station in Manhattan and the Fairmont Royal York Hotel in Toronto making very few stops (Buffalo twice-daily and Syracuse once-daily). Poor performance of the limited-stop service led Greyhound to make adjustments to NeOn and the brand has evolved to represent the frequent service operated by the companies between New York and Eastern Canada.[104]

YO! Bus

YO! Bus is a discount bus service started in December 2012 in partnership with Peter Pan Bus Lines,[105] operating routes between Boston, Philadelphia, and Manhattan's Chinatown.[106] YO! Bus directly competes with Chinatown bus lines using coaches with a red livery and Chinese characters painted on the side. These coaches tend to be older-model units that have been refurbished with Wi-Fi, power outlets, and extra legroom.[106]

The first YO! Bus route ran between Manhattan's Chinatown and Philadelphia, competing with routes from established Chinatown bus lines, Lucky Star Bus and Fung Wah Bus.[106] Both Lucky Star and Fung Wah were shut down and service suspended in 2013 due to safety concerns by government transportation authorities. Shortly after the shut down of its competitors, YO! Bus expanded with a second route between Manhattan's Chinatown and Boston's South Station beginning later in the spring of 2013.[107]

Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach

Greyhound is one of the largest operators of Amtrak's Thruway Motorcoach service even though the two companies are competitors in some markets.[108] Amtrak issues rail passengers a ticket for a regularly scheduled Greyhound route that connects with their train, often with buses making a stop at the train station.[108] These Thruway Motorcoach routes allow Amtrak to serve passengers in areas without rail service and offer passengers in areas with rail service a wider selection of destinations.[109]

Security

Inside the Greyhound station in St. Louis, Missouri on the afternoon of May 26, 2010. A bus in the background on its way to pick up passengers at another gate at this station is bound for Los Angeles, California.

Increasingly, concern has been given to bus security. As a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, train and airplane security have been substantially increased, but this increase has not been provided to bus security. Baggage is neither inspected, nor identification checked. Greyhound says that security wands have been deployed on buses, but they do not appear to be routinely used.[citation needed]

Greyhound announced in a press conference in 2007 that a pilot program to test various security measures would be implemented at select stations and on select coaches starting later that year.

In February 2013, in partnership with DriveCam, Greyhound deployed video cameras across its entire fleet to increase safety and driver compliance by combining data and video analytics with real-time driver feedback and coaching.[110]

Greyhound currently requires ID or credit card for all passengers in an effort to increase safety. At major stations, passengers are subject to open-bag checks, ticket checks, and pat-downs with metal detectors.[111]

Fleet

Interior of a 2009 Prevost X3-45 with leather seats

As of 2014, Greyhound operates 1,229 motorcoaches[3] produced mainly by Motor Coach Industries and Prevost.[112]

In an effort to improve its image, the company has been aggressively buying new coaches and refurbishing existing ones. As of March 2014, 85 percent of Greyhound's fleet is new or refurbished.[113] Each new or refurbished coach has Greyhound's navy blue and grey "neoclassic" livery on the exterior, wireless internet access, leather seating, and 120-volt power outlets at most seats. Each of the new and refurbished coaches has one fewer row of seats than the industry standard, giving passengers additional legroom.[69] All buses purchased since 2009 have three-point seat belts installed.[114]

The majority of the Greyhound fleet consists of the following models:

Manufacturer Model Image Year Quantity Notes
Motor Coach Industries 102DL3
(D4500)		 1998–2001 469[113]
  • Most units have been rebuilt as a part of the upgrade to the nationwide fleet.
  • Nearly 75% of units are equipped with wheelchair lifts.[115] Units that are not equipped with lifts are confined to use by Greyhound Charter Services due to ADA requirements.
  • Some units are confined to YO! Bus service.
  • Greyhound initially purchased 665 coaches,[116] but some have been scrapped, sold, or transferred to Greyhound Canada.
G4500 2001–03 175[113]
  • Most units have been refurbished as a part of the upgrade to the nationwide fleet.
  • Greyhound initially purchased 290 coaches,[116] but some have been scrapped or sold.
D4505 2010 88[117]
  • Some units are confined to BoltBus service.
2013 100[113]
  • Some units are confined to BoltBus service.
  • Order was initially for 130 coaches,[118] but later decreased to 100.
Prevost X3-45 2008–09 190[113]
  • Some units are confined to BoltBus service.
2012–13 90[113]
  • Order was initially for 60 coaches,[119] but later increased to 90.[120]
2014 55[121]

(Not all coaches listed are still in service due to accidents and ADA requirements.)

Stations

Greyhound ticket kiosk in the Houston Station in downtown Houston, Texas
Main article: List of Greyhound Bus stations

(This list covers stations within or adjacent to stations for regional rapid transit and commuter rail service.)

Greyhound has stations in most major cities in the counties where it operates, as well as some mid-size cities and towns. Some Greyhound locations function as part of transit centers primarily functioning as stations for regional or municipal rapid transit or commuter rail services, i.e. St. Louis, Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia.

Notable incidents and accidents

Below is a list of major incidents and accidents on Greyhound buses and buses of subsidiaries in the United States.

  • August 4, 1952: In Greyhound's most deadly collision two Greyhound buses collided head-on with each other along the then-U.S. Route 81 near Waco, Texas. The fuel tanks of both buses then ruptured, bursting into flames. Of the 56 persons aboard both coaches, 28 were killed, including both drivers.[122][123]
  • May 13, 1972: Near Bean Station, Tennessee, between Knoxville and Bristol, a Greyhound Scenicruiser on a scheduled trip from Memphis to New York City collided head-on with a tractor-trailer truck. The driver of the bus had begun to pass a car. Fourteen people, including both the bus and truck drivers, died. The National Transportation Safety Board determined that the cause of the crash was the Greyhound driver's overtaking maneuver and his failure to avoid the truck.[124]
  • May 9, 1980: A cargo ship collided with the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, near St. Petersburg, Florida, causing a part of the roadway to collapse and causing several vehicles, including a Greyhound bus, to fall into Tampa Bay. All 26 people aboard the bus died, as did nine others.[125]
  • December 18, 1990: A Greyhound bus left Salt Lake City for Chicago and became entrenched in a driving snowstorm on I-80. Just short of the Wyoming border, the bus was hit by a semi-tractor trailer that had crossed the median heading the opposite direction. The force of the collision tipped the bus onto its right side and steered it down a steep embankment. The bus slid for 150 feet and came to rest against a fence, about 35 feet below the eastbound lanes of I-80. 7 passengers were killed and more than 40 injured.[126]
  • June 20, 1998: A Greyhound bus on a scheduled trip from New York City to Pittsburgh ran off a road near Burnt Cabins, Pennsylvania, and hit a truck parked in an emergency parking area. Six passengers and the driver died. The National Transportation Safety Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was the drivers use of a sedating antihistamine and driver fatigue, due to an irregular work-rest schedule.[127]
  • October 3, 2001: At approximately 4:15 a.m. local time, a passenger, Damir Igric, assaulted the driver of his bus, attempting to slit his throat, and causing the bus to crash near Manchester, Tennessee, killing Igric himself and five other passengers and injuring 32 others. Since the incident occurred three weeks after the September 11 terrorist attacks, Greyhound temporarily suspended all schedules as soon as the company learned of the incident for fear that it may have been part of a larger co-ordinated attack. After investigation by the company and the FBI, it was confirmed that Igric had acted alone and service resumed later that afternoon.[128] After the incident, Greyhound bus stations increased security, though not nearly to the same level as airports or train stations.
  • September 30, 2002: Arturo Martinez Tapia assaulted a Greyhound driver near Fresno, California, resulting in two passenger deaths after the bus then rolled off an embankment and crashed.[129] Following this attack, an aisle gate and driver's shield were installed on most Greyhound buses which prevent passengers from having direct contact with the driver when the bus is in motion, even if the aisle gate is forced open.
  • January 23, 2014: Maquel Donyel Morris, 'who reportedly was hallucinating, screamed "Everybody's going to die," pummeled the driver and grabbed the steering wheel' of a bus traveling on Interstate 10 near Tonopah, Arizona, 50 miles (80 km) west of Phoenix. 24 passengers were injured, including 21 who were airlifted to nearby hospitals. Police credited the driver for keeping the bus upright and preventing it from crossing into oncoming traffic.[130]

Films

Songs

Stage productions

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "About Greyhound". Retrieved April 18, 2014. serving more than 3,800 destinations across North America
  2. ^ a b "Greyhound Timetables". Greyhound Lines. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Sachs, Andrea (July 3, 2014). "Greyhound: 100 years old and acting younger than ever". The Washington Post.
  4. ^ Roman, Alex (January 5, 2015). "Fleets Growing, Business Strong for Motorcoach Top 50". Metro. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
  5. ^ Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p.92.
  6. ^ a b c Lewis, p.92.
  7. ^ "Tracing the Hound: The Minnesota Roots of the Greyhound Bus Corporation" (PDF). Retrieved September 21, 2013.
  8. ^ "Greyhound Bus Museum". Greyhound Bus Museum. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
  9. ^ Walsh, Margaret (1985). "Tracing the Hound: The Minnesota Roots of The Greyhound Bus Corporation" (PDF). Minnesota Historical Society. pp. 310–320. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  10. ^ "Greyhound History-The Yelloway Merger". greyhoundhistory.com. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  11. ^ a b Walsh, Margaret. "Tracing the Hound: The Minnesota Roots of The Greyhound Bus Corporation" (PDF). Minnesota History (Winter 1985): 321. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  12. ^ "Greyhound History-The Name Change". greyhoundhistory.com. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  13. ^ Hall, Mordaunt. "It Happened One Night (1934): NYT Critics' Pick". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  14. ^ "Historical Timeline". Greyhound Lines. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  15. ^ "Transport: Greyhound's Litter". Time. August 10, 1936. Retrieved April 11, 2014. Class I railroads of the U. S. carried 445,995,000 passengers in 1935. Last week, the National Association of Motor Bus Operators announced that non-local bus lines had beaten this mark by carrying 651,999,000 passengers in 1935. An increase of almost 50% over 1934, it was the first time busses had handled more traffic than their biggest rivals.
  16. ^ "Transport: Greyhound's Litter". Time. August 10, 1936. Retrieved April 11, 2014. To keep pace with this new business, the largest U. S. bus line, Greyhound Corp., last week whelped the first 25 of a litter of 305 new busses, completely outmoding present standard equipment.
  17. ^ Luther, Roger. "The Greyhound Runs Again: First Impressions at a Streamline Bus Station". Treasures of the Southern Tier. Binghamton Press & Sun-Bulletin. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  18. ^ Wrenick, Frank E. (2011). Streamline era greyhound terminals : the architecture of w.s. arrasmith. Jefferson: Mcfarland. pp. 112–194. ISBN 978-0-7864-6445-6. Retrieved April 11, 2014. The year 1937 was a pivotal one for Greyhound ... implemented its program to create a new corporate image, integrating architectural and vehicle designs, and commenced a massive program of building terminals that would be under its exclusive control and suit its needs. The buses and terminals were to be streamlined ...
  19. ^ Hampson, Philip (October 30, 1954). "The Road to Success". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  20. ^ "Carl Wickman, Greyhound Bus Founder, Dead". Chicago Tribune. February 6, 1954. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  21. ^ a b c Belsky, Gary (December 19, 2013). "100 Years on a Dirty Dog: The History of Greyhound". Mental Floss. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  22. ^ Barnes, Catherine (1983). Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 86–107.
  23. ^ U.S. Supreme Court. "BOYNTON v. VIRGINIA, 364 U.S. 454 (1960)". FindLaw.com. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
  24. ^ ""Freedom Riders," WGBH American Experience". PBS. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  25. ^ a b c "Get on the Bus: The Freedom Riders of 1961". NPR. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
  26. ^ Photo of a Greyhound bus firebombed by a mob in Anniston, Alabama. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  27. ^ Branch, Taylor. "Baptism on Wheels". Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–63. pp. 412–50. ISBN 978-1-4165-5868-2. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Sandoval-Strausz, A.K. (Spring 2005). "Travelers, Strangers, and Jim Crow: Law, Public Accommodations, and Civil Rights in America". Law and History Review. 23 (1): 53–94.
  29. ^ Jackson, Carlton. Hounds of the Road: a history of the Greyhound Bus Company. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1984.
  30. ^ a b Smith, Aaron Lake (December 20, 2013). "Riding the Dirty Dog". Vice. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  31. ^ Lazarus, George (May 30, 1989). "Greyhound Cruise Line Making Waves". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  32. ^ Fritscher, Lisa. "How Disney Cruises Started". USA Today. Retrieved June 30, 2015. he arrangement worked well for eight years, but in 1993 Premier announced that it was trading in on board Disney characters for a new license agreement with Warner Brothers ... Disney entered negotiations with both Carnival and Royal Caribbean in 1993 to replace the exclusive land and sea deal it once had with Premier, but when talks proved unsuccessful, Disney opted to create its own cruise line.
  33. ^ "Strike Over Pay Cuts Halts Intercity Buses of Greyhound Lines". November 3, 1983. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  34. ^ Townsend, Ed (November 4, 1983). "Strike against Greyhound forces customers to leave driving to somebody else". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  35. ^ Townsend, Ed (December 5, 1983). "Tentative settlement in Greyhound strike". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  36. ^ Associated Press (December 6, 1983). "Greyhound Striker Killed by Training Bus". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  37. ^ "Ray Phillips and the 1983 Strike Ray Phillips and the 1983 Strike". December 31, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2014. Tragedy struck about 8:45 am. Lewis Harris reportedly ran a red light and drove through union pickets in a crosswalk at the intersection of U.S. 40 and Ohio 797. Ray Phillips was crushed.
  38. ^ The Associated press (December 20, 1983). "Greyhound Strikers Accept Pact; Immediate Return to Work Urged". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 17, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ "Historical Timeline". Greyhound Lines. Retrieved June 30, 2015. 1987 The Greyhound Corporation divests its U.S. bus operations. The new company, Greyhound Lines, Inc., establishes its headquarters in Dallas. Fred Currey is the company's new chief executive. Greyhound Lines purchases Trailways, Inc., establishing Greyhound as the largest nationwide intercity bus transportation company.
  40. ^ Associated Press (February 4, 1987). "Union, Buyers of Greyhound Settle Contract". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  41. ^ Thomas C. Hayes (June 20, 1987). "Greyhound in Deal for Trailways". The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  42. ^ a b "The Dial Corp. History". Funding Universe. Retrieved June 30, 2015. To minimize confusion for its investors and consumers by distinguishing the company from the Greyhound bus line it had sold off three years before, the company changed its name to Greyhound Dial in March 1990. At the time Teets decided to retain "Greyhound" as part of the company's new name in order to reflect the ten subsidiaries the company still owned that carried the Greyhound name, such as Greyhound Exhibit group. Within the year, however, when Greyhound Dial switchboard operators were still receiving numerous calls regarding bus routes and fares, management decided to make the message clearer still by renaming the company The Dial Corp.
  43. ^ "Viad Corp Sells Greyhound Leisure Services, Inc. to Cruise Line". Business Wire. September 17, 1998. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  44. ^ Associated Press (March 6, 1991). "COMPANY NEWS; Greyhound Dial Is Now Dial Corp". The New York Times. Retrieved June 30, 2015. The Greyhound Dial Corporation has changed its name to the Dial Corporation to eliminate any association with bus travel.
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  49. ^ "Greyhound Bus Drivers End 3-Year Strike With New Pact". The New York Times. May 9, 1993. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  50. ^ a b c Inquirer Wire Services (August 31, 1991). "Judge Approves Greyhound Plan To Reorganize". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
  51. ^ a b c "Complaint: USA v Greyhound Lines, Inc". Antitrust Division website. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
  52. ^ "Final Judgment: USA vs Greyhound Lines, Inc". Antitrust Division website. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
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  55. ^ "Laidlaw Plans to Buy Greyhound Canada for $72 million". The New York Times. September 3, 1997. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  56. ^ Times Wire Services (October 20, 1998). "Laidlaw to Acquire Greyhound Lines". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  57. ^ "Greyhound Stockholders Approve Merger With Laidlaw, Inc" (Press release). Greyhound Lines, Inc. March 16, 1999. Retrieved April 10, 2014. At a special meeting of the stockholders of Greyhound Lines, Inc., held this morning, Greyhound's merger with Laidlaw Inc. was approved. The transaction is effective today and as a result, Greyhound has become a wholly owned subsidiary of Laidlaw Inc.
  58. ^ Reuters (June 29, 2001). "Laidlaw Units File for Bankruptcy Protection". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 10, 2014. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
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  60. ^ "USATODAY.com - Some left in lurch as Greyhound cuts stops". USA Today. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  61. ^ "As Greyhound Cuts Back, The Middle of Nowhere Means Going Nowhere". The New York Times. September 6, 2004. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  62. ^ "The Greyhound doesn't stop here anymore". Post-gazette.com. November 13, 2005. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  63. ^ Archived 2005-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, Emily Lambert, Forbes, January 31, 2005
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  71. ^ "Greyhound Introduces Reserved Seating Program" (Press release). November 12, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  72. ^ "Greyhound Modernizes IT Infrastructure to Provide More Pricing Options for Consumers and Optimize Operations" (Press release). December 9, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
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  75. ^ "Greyhound Introduces New Express Service" (Press release). November 12, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  76. ^ McManis, Sam (November 10, 2013). "Long-distance buses are cheap and surprisingly attractive options for travel". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved October 5, 2015. ... there now is heated competition in the long-distance bus industry. The recent rise of Megabus.com, a British company featuring bright blue and orange two-decker coaches that began service in Sacramento in 2012, has prompted Greyhound to expand and upgrade its service. The result is a boon to travelers.
  77. ^ Automotive Writer (07 June 2014). "Greyhound starting to get its stride back". The Dallas Morning News. The Dallas Morning News Inc. Retrieved 5 October 2015. But Leach said the competition should benefit all the carriers because it calls attention to buses. "We're the ones with the iconic brand and the established network," he said. "But the fact that Megabus is coming in just gets buses in general out front and at a time when you've got all these great changes going on." {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  78. ^ Forgione, Mary (July 16, 2015). "Greyhound starts bus service in Mexico, with connecting routes to Texas". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  79. ^ Hudnall, David (September 24, 2015). "Greyhound to expand Kansas City and Columbia services in light of Megabus' departure". The Ptich. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
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  83. ^ FirstGroup (Summer 2014). "Greyhound factsheet" (PDF). Retrieved April 22, 2015.
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  86. ^ "Greyhound to add Mo. to Iowa round trip service". METRO Magazine.
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  88. ^ "Greyhound Charter Services - Military and Government". Greyhound.com. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  89. ^ "About Package Express". Shipgreyhound.com. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
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  92. ^ Lentzsch, Craig (March–April 2003). "Making the Connections" (PDF). Transportation Research Board of the National Research Council. No. 225. p. 32. Retrieved January 2, 2015. Greyhound's Quicklink brand of commuter service operates from Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, to New York City, and from Northeast Sacramento, California, to the Bay Area. Most recently, Quicklink began serving Macon, Georgia, to Atlanta.
  93. ^ Anita Hamilton (June 6, 2008). "Beating $4 Gas with a $1 Bus". Retrieved June 8, 2008.
  94. ^ "BoltBus - FAQ". Retrieved April 10, 2014. Every schedule will have at least one $1.00 ticket. The $1.00 ticket will be sold at random and generally within the first handful of seats sold. The earlier you book your ticket, the greater your odds are of grabbing a seat for a buck.
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  96. ^ "BoltBus - FAQ". Retrieved April 10, 2014. BoltBus is owned by Greyhound Lines, Inc. and is operated in the Northeast region in partnership with Peter Pan Bus Lines, Inc. of Springfield, MA.
  97. ^ Sokolowsky, Jennifer (April 30, 2012). "BoltBus to offer $1 fares between Seattle, Portland". Puget Sound Business Journal. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  98. ^ Nolasco, Joanna (May 15, 2012). "BoltBus to launch new Seattle-Vancouver, B.C., service". Puget Sound Business Journal. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
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  100. ^ "BoltBus Expands From Los Angeles; Adds Las Vegas, San Francisco Service". PR Newswire. December 10, 2013. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
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  103. ^ a b "NeOn Bus | Terms and Conditions". Retrieved April 18, 2014. NeOn is a joint operation between Greyhound Lines, Inc. and Adirondack Transit Lines, Inc.
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  106. ^ Johnston, Katie (March 13, 2013). "Yo to start bus service between Boston and New York's Chinatown". Boston Globe. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
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  140. ^ "I Wish Lyrics". MetroLyrics. Retrieved October 5, 2015.

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