Manikarnika Ghat

For other uses, see Manikarnika (disambiguation).

Manikarnika Ghat
Religion
Affiliation	Hinduism
District	Varanasi
Location
Location	Varanasi
State	Uttar Pradesh
Country	India
Geographic coordinates	25°18′39.134″N 83°0′50.708″E

Manikarnika Ghat in 2007. Baba Mashan Nath temple at the top.

Manikarnika Ghat (Hindi: मणिकर्णिका घाट) is one of the holiest cremation grounds among the sacred riverfronts (ghats), alongside the river Ganga, in the city of Varanasi in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. In Hinduism, death is considered as a gateway to another life marked by the results of one's karma. It is believed that a dead human's soul attains moksha, and hence breaks the cycle of rebirth when cremated here. Thus, scores of the elderly across the whole country seek to walk up to its edges, and spend their last days absorbing the charisma of the ghat making death painless and insignificant to be pondered upon.

The ghat is named after Sati's earrings which fell here. The Hindu genealogy registers at Varanasi are kept here.

Location

The Manikarnika Ghat is flanked by the Dashashwamedh Ghat and the Scindia Ghat. It is situated in Varanasi, India.

Mythological Origin

Manikarnika Ghat in 1922. Temples are L to R: Baba Mashan Nath, Lower level: Tarkeshwara and Ratneshwara, upper level: Tripura Sundari and Ganesha temples

It is one of the oldest ghats in Varanasi. The Manikarnika Ghat is mentioned in a Gupta inscription of 5th century. It is revered in Hindu religion. When Sati (Adi Parashakti) sacrificed her life & set her body ablaze after Daksha Prajapati (one of the sons of Lord Brahma) tried to humiliate Lord Shiva in a Yagya practiced by Daksha. Lord Shiva took her burning body to the Himalayas and started the Tandava. On seeing the unending sorrow of Lord Shiva, Vishnu sends the Sudarshana Chakra to cut the body into 51 parts which fall on earth. They are called "Ekannya Shaktipeeth". Lord Shiva established Shakti Peeth wherever Sati's body parts had fallen. At Manikarnika ghat, Sati's earring had fallen.

The Manikarnika shrine as a Shakti Peeth

Main articles: Daksha Yaga and Shakti Peethas

Shiva carrying the corpse of Sati Devi

The Manikarnika shrine is an important place of worship for Shaktism sect of Hinduism, It is near to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple. The mythology of Daksha yaga and Sati's self immolation is the mythology behind the origin of Shakti Peethas. The etymology of the place is due to this mythology. It is believed that Sati Devi's Ear Rings has fallen here. Manikarna in Sanskrit means Ear Rings.

Shakti Peethas are shrines that are believed to be enshrined with the presence of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati Devi, when Lord Shiva carried it and wandered. There are 51 Shakti Peeth linking to the 51 letters or akshar in Sanskrit. Each temple have shrines for Shakti. The Shakti of Manikarnika is addressed as Vishalakshi & Manikarni.

Significance

File:Mourners carry a bier with their deceased family members, in Varanasi.jpg

Mourners carrying a body

Hindu mythology teaches that the ghat is especially sacred and that people cremated there receive moksha. As the myth goes, Vishnu, after several thousand years of tapasya, trying to please Shiva, to convince him to not destroy the holy city of Kashi when he destroys the world, managed to do so.

Lord Shiva along with Parvati came to Kashi before Vishnu to grant him his wish. Vishnu dug a kund (well) on the bank of Ganga for the bath of the couple. When Lord Shiva was bathing a Mani (Jewel) from his earring fell into the kund, hence the name Manikarnika (Mani:Beads Karnam:Ear Angad: Ornament). There is another myth about the ghat : the ear jewel from lord Shiva fell down while he was dancing angrily, which fell on the earth and thus Manikarnika Ghat formed.

Manikarnika Kund

Ratneshwar Mahadev temple, Varanasi, India

The well at the ghat is called Manikarnika Kund and was built by Lord Vishnu.

Proposal

A proposal for renovating the Manikarnika ghat has been proposed by Departments of Landscape Architecture at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign (UIUC), USA, and Bhanubhen Nanavati College of Architecture for Women (BNCA), Pune, India A proposal for renovating and redevelopment the Manikarnika ghat is in progress by Eastern Infrastructure Fund of Varanasi, India.

See also

• Ratneshwar Mahadev temple
• Ghats in Varanasi
• Dom, an ancient community that handles cremation

Manikarnika Ghat in art

• 
  Edwin Lord Weeks (1849–1903), The Last Voyage, 1884
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  Edward Lear (1812–1888) Cityscape, 1873
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  The history of the world; a survey of a man's record" (1902) Illustration
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  Eve Of The Eclipse Of The Moon 25 November 1825, Litograph by James Prinsep
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  Picturesque India. A handbook for European travellers, J. Pedder (1850–1929), 1890