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Dharan

Coordinates: 26°49′0″N 87°17′0″E / 26.81667°N 87.28333°E / 26.81667; 87.28333
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For other uses, see Dharan (disambiguation).
Dharan Eastern Nepal
Dharan Eastern Nepal

Dharan
धरान उपमहानगरपालिका
Sub-Metropolitan City
Dharan Clock tower
Dharan Clock tower
Motto(s): 
"To build an environmentally sound city, functioning as the centre of education, health, tourism and business with fully developed infrastructure"
Dharan is located in Koshi Province
Dharan
Dharan
Dharan is located in Nepal
Dharan
Dharan
Coordinates: 26°49′0″N 87°17′0″E / 26.81667°N 87.28333°E / 26.81667; 87.28333
Country   Nepal
ProvinceKoshi Province
DistrictSunsari
First Settled1902
Established1958
Upgraded to Sub-metropolitan city2017
Founded byRatna Prasad Shrestha
No. of Wards20
Government
 • Mayorsize
Harka Raj Rai (Independent)
 • Deputy MayorAindra Bikram Begha (Maiost)
Area
 • Total
74.26 sq mi (192.32 km2)
 • Water1.7 sq mi (4.4 km2)
 • 108,600 sq mi (281,000 km2)
Highest elevation
(Near Bhedetar)
5,833 ft (1,778 m)
Lowest elevation
(at Tarahara)
390 ft (119 m)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
166,531
 • Rank15th (Nepal)
3rd (Koshi Province)
 • Density2,200/sq mi (870/km2)
 • Ethnicities
Limbu Rai Bahun Chhetri Newars Tamang Gurungs
Languages
 • OfficialNepali
 • AdditionalEnglish
Time zoneUTC+5:45 (NST)
Postal Code
56700 (Sunsari), 56702 (Mangalbare)
Telephone code025
ClimateCwa
Websitewww.dharan.gov.np

Dharan (Template:Lang-ne) is a sub-metropolitan city in Sunsari District of Koshi Province, Nepal, which was established as a fourth municipality in the Kingdom in 1958. It is the third most populous city in Eastern Nepal after Biratnagar and Itahari. The Nepali word "dharan" means a saw pit.[1] The rainforest from which the tree trunks came is still just on the edge of the city. [2][3] Much later the British Gurkha camp opened in October 1960.[4] The use of the camp by British Gurkhas finished in the mid 1990s. Dharan has an estimated city population of 173,096 living in 34,834 households as per the 2021 Nepal census. It is one of the cities of the Greater Birat Development Area which incorporates the cities of Biratnagar-Itahari-Gothgau-Biratchowk-Dharan[5] primarily located on the Koshi Highway in Eastern Nepal, with an estimated total urban agglomerated population of 804,300 people living in 159,332 households.[6] It is the largest city in the province number one by Area. It covers 192.32 square kilometers while Biratnagar and Itahari is 2nd and 3rd biggest cities by Area

Geography

Dharan is situated on the foothills of the Mahabharat Range in the north with its southern tip touching the edge of the Terai region at an altitude of 1148 ft (349m). Dharan bazaar grew up near Phusre where the old walking route to Dhankuta and a large part of the Eastern hills left the plains with the ascent of Sanghuri Danra. In the days when villagers in the hills made their annual trek to sell and buy goods this was a natural location for a market where hills and Terai met. In 1952 the construction of the Kosi barrage began and a narrow gauge railway was built to take stone from Phusre loaded at a locality now known as "Railway" to the site of the barrage near the Indian Border.[7] The Koshi highway runs through the heart of the city thus connecting it with the provincial capital of Biratnagar as well as the Itahari junction of the east–west Mahendra highway (lying 41 km and 17 km south, respectively), and the Nepal-China border of Kimathanka (lying 115 km north). The road from Biratnagar was originally built and surfaced in connection with the building of Gopher Camp for the British Gurkhas. The road from Dharan to Dhankuta was financed by the UK and largely completed by 1982.[8]

Demographics

Religion in Dharan (2011)
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 58.4%
Kiratism
 
 23.1%
Buddhism
 
 11.4%
Christianity
 
 5.1%
Others
 
 1.9%

Languages

language in Dharan

  Nepali (42.5%)
  Limbu (10.1%)
  Newar (7.4%)
  Rai (5.9%)
  Tamang (5.9%)
  Bantawa (5.8%)
  Others (22.4%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of Nepal, 42.5% of the population in the city spoke Nepali, 10.1% Limbu, 7.4% Newar, 5.9% Rai, 5.9% Tamang, 5.8% Bantawa, and 22.4% spoke other smaller languages as their first language.

Caste and ethnic groups

Caste And Ethnic groups in Dharan

  Rai (20.7%)
  Limbu (11.7%)
  Newar (11.1%)
  Chhteri (10.7%)
  Tamang (7.3%)
  Hill Brahman (7.1%)
  Kami (6.2%)
  Others (25.2%)

The largest single caste/ethnic in Dharan is Rai, who make (20.7%) of the population, Limbu comes to second with (11.7%), Newar makes (11.1%) of population Chhetri (10.7%), Tamang (7.3%), Hill Brahmin (7.1%), Kami (6.2%) and other various ethnic groups makes (25.2%) Of the population.[9]

Broad Caste and Ethnicity category (2011 Census)
Broad Ethnic Category Sub Category[10] Linguistic Family Population Percentage
Janajati (Hill Ethnic Groups) Magar, Tamang, Gurung, Sherpa, Rai, Limbu etc 50.5%
Khas (Hill/Pahari Caste Groups) Khas Brahmin, Chhetri, Kami, Thakuri, Damai Sarki, Sanyasi/Dasnami Indo-Aryan 27.8%
Newar (Kathmandu Valley Caste Groups) Newari Brahmin, Shrestha, Tamrakar, Newar Buddhist, Maharjan, Rajkarnikar etc Indo-Aryan And Indigenous people of nepal 11.1%
Madeshi (Terai Caste Groups) Yadav, Maithil Brahmins, Chamar, Kushwaha, Musahar, Kurmi, Dhanuk etc Indo-Aryan 4.5%
Marwadi, Bengalis - Indo-Aryan 1.4%
Adibasi (Terai Indigenous Groups) Tharu, Rajbanshi, etc Indo-Aryan And Indigenous people of Nepal 1.3%
Muslim - Indo-Aryan 1.3%
Others - - 2.1%

Environment

A study conducted in 2016 to analyze the bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water and that of municipal tap water in Dharan found that one hundred percent of the tap water samples and 87.5% of the bottled water samples were contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. Of the tap water samples, 55.3% were positive for total coliforms, compared with 25% of the bottled water, but no bottled water samples were positive for fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, in contrast to 21.1% and 14.5% of the tap water samples being contaminated with fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, respectively. One hundred percent of the tap water samples and 54.2% of the bottled water samples had pH in the acceptable range.[11]

Tourist attractions

  • Budha Subba: As an important and unique religious site to Nepali people, this temple holds immense cultural significance to the people of Dharan.[12] Budha Subba temple is located a top the Bijaypur hills and the surrounding area is highly scenic.[13]
  • Pindeshwor Baba Dham: Pindeshwor Mahadev Babadham is the most famous Bolbam Mandir In Nepal. Every Monday in the month of Shrawan, a large number of devotees from different places come barefoot to pay tribute and faith to Lord Shiva with holy water from the Koshi River.[14]
  • Gurkha Memorial Park: This park was established "to preserve the legacy of Brigade of Gurkhas in Dharan for posterity before it is forgotten and lost forever",[15] as many Nepalese men, many of whom were residents of Dharan, joined the Brigade of Gurkhas.
  • Dharan Clock Tower

Media and communication

  • Newspapers: The people of Dharan are served by several daily local newspapers and national newspapers. There are 11 local newspapers in total. These include The Blast Times and The Morning Times. National newspapers are also provided to the people of Dharan on a daily basis. National newspapers include The Kathmandu Post, Kantipur, Annapurna Post, and Himalayan Times. Several monthly neighborhood papers serve the town.
  • Radio: The state-owned Radio Nepal is broadcast on the medium wave on 648 kHz in the city. Five private local FM stations are available. They are Star FM - 95.6 MHz, Vijayapur FM - 98.8 MHz, Dantakali FM - 88.5 MHz, and Radio Dharan FM - 88.8 MHz. Radio Ganatantra FM 95.1 MHz is a community radio station. Likewise, Dharan has a BFBS Radio Relay station. It broadcasts on FM frequencies.
  • Television: Nepal's state-owned television broadcaster, Nepal Television's relay station is present near its border, which provides two free-to-air terrestrial channels. A mix of Nepali, Hindi, English, and other international channels are accessible via cable subscription and direct-broadcast satellite services. Dharan Cable Network broadcasts Kriti Television Channel as a local television channel that covers events in the city.

Climate

Climate data for Dharan (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.8
(73.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		30.4
(86.7) 		32.8
(91.0) 		32.7
(90.9) 		32.4
(90.3) 		31.9
(89.4) 		32.3
(90.1) 		31.9
(89.4) 		31.0
(87.8) 		28.4
(83.1) 		25.0
(77.0) 		29.8
(85.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.0
(62.6) 		20.2
(68.4) 		24.2
(75.6) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.7
(81.9) 		28.3
(82.9) 		28.2
(82.8) 		28.5
(83.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		22.7
(72.9) 		19.2
(66.6) 		24.7
(76.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 11.2
(52.2) 		14.3
(57.7) 		17.9
(64.2) 		21.3
(70.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.6
(76.3) 		23.7
(74.7) 		20.9
(69.6) 		16.9
(62.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		19.6
(67.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.4
(0.41) 		14.2
(0.56) 		29.9
(1.18) 		71.5
(2.81) 		162.3
(6.39) 		317.8
(12.51) 		547.6
(21.56) 		461.0
(18.15) 		344.5
(13.56) 		121.2
(4.77) 		12.7
(0.50) 		3.9
(0.15) 		2,097
(82.6)
Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology[16]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ Nepal Academy Dictionary.
  2. ^ Sugden, Fraser; Gurung, Ganesh (2012), Absentee landordism and agrarian stagnation in Nepal: A case from the Eastern Tarai, Nepal Institute of Development Studies, p. 30, ISBN 9789937857000
  3. ^ Regmi Research Series, 1979, p. 11
  4. ^ Nepal and the Gurkhas, (1965) Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, UK. p 135.
  5. ^ "Capital of Province 1 to be scattered in various districts". Archived from the original on 13 May 2021.
  6. ^ "Census Nepal 2021". censusnepal.cbs.gov.np. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  7. ^ Benson. J. (1975) The Kosi Project Railway, Industrial Railway Society Record no 6, August, pp 65-71. Industrial Railway Society, Greenford, Middlesex, UK.
  8. ^ DDRP web site: http://www.ddrp.co.uk/about/history.htm
  9. ^ "NepalMap profile: Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City".
  10. ^ "NepalMap profile: Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City".
  11. ^ Pant, Narayan Dutt; Poudyal, Nimesh; Bhattacharya, Shyamal Kumar (7 June 2016). "Bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water versus municipal tap water in Dharan municipality, Nepal". Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 35 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s41043-016-0054-0. ISSN 2072-1315. PMC 5025974. PMID 27267213.
  12. ^ Aayush (12 August 2019). "Budhasubba Temple -believed it brings good luck". Wonders of Nepal. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  13. ^ "Budha Subba Temple- Dharan, Nepal". Hopnepal.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  14. ^ "Pindeshwor Mahadev Mandir, Dharan – A Most Famous Shiva Temple In Nepal". 15 November 2023.
  15. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ^ "PRECIPITATION NORMAL (MM) (1991-2020)" (PDF). Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
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