Indian Music Industry

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Indian Music Industry
Founded28 February 1936
Location
Key people
Blaise Fernandes, President & CEO
Websiteindianmi.org

The Indian Music Industry (IMI) is a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in India. It was founded on February 28, 1936 as Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI). It is the 2nd oldest music industry organization in the world that was involved in protecting copyrights of music producers and supporting growth of music entertainment industry. In 1994, it was renamed as Indian Music Industry (IMI) and represented India at the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). It is also registered with the West Bengal Societies Registration Act. All major music labels in India are part of this association. Record companies like Saregama India Ltd. (HMV), Universal Music (India), Tips Industries Limited, Sony Music Entertainment (India), Virgin Records, Magnasound, Times Music and several other prominent national and regional labels are part of the IMI. The IMI represents over 75% of all legal music sales in India.

IMI has its registered office in Kolkata and Administrative office in Mumbai. It also has offices in New Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore and other major Indian cities working on the protection of rights of music producers and preventing music piracy. It has also been instrumental in launching the IMMIES music awards in collaboration with MTV.

The Indian music industry is largely dominated by Indian film soundtracks, which account for nearly 80% of the country's music revenue, followed by Indi-pop.[1][2] As of 2014, the largest Indian music record label is T-Series with up to 35% share of the Indian market, followed by Sony Music India (the largest foreign-owned label) with up to 25% share, and then Zee Music (which has a partnership with Sony).[3] As of 2017, 216 million Indians use music streaming services such as YouTube, Hungama, Gaana and Saavn.[4] T-Series has the world's most-subscribed and most-viewed YouTube channel.

History

The industry was dominated by cassette tapes in the 1980s and 1990s.[1] In 1990, India had annual cassette sales of 180 million units, including both legitimate and pirate sales. This made it the world's second largest cassette market, after the United States.[5] By 1998, the industry had annual earnings of ₹12 billion[6] ($291 million).[7]

In the early 2000s, 49 million cassettes (including 16 million pirate tapes) were sold every month.[8] Later in the 2000s, the industry transitioned to online streaming, bypassing CD and digital downloads.[1]

Criteria of certification levels

The Indian Music Industry has constituted different, prestigious awards to encourage and promote music. The approved scheme of gold/platinum disc standards effective for sound recordings of member companies released in one calendar year is as below:

  • Sales of all types of carriers, whether vinyl records, audio cassettes, compact discs, MP3 compact discs, music videos (i.e. excluding home videos) or any other existing or future type of carrier is considered on the basis of one unit.
  • If a sound recording contains a combination of two program, any program over half of its total duration can be weighted at 50%, of the sales of the sound recording of that program. Any program comprising less than half of the total duration of the sound recording will not be counted for the purpose of certification.
  • Sales in domestic markets only will be considered for the calculation of sales of sound recording.
  • The time-limit for achieving above sales in any category is one year from the release of the recording in India.
  • Applications should be accompanied by a copy certified by the member’s chartered accountant stating the date of release & the number of units sold, along with a letter from the managing director or CEO.

Charts

Indian Music Industry does not maintain official music charts. Since 2010, newspaper The Times of India and radio channel Radio Mirchi, both owned by the Times Group, have maintained charts of various songs by category. For the album charts the industry considers the sales according to iTunes. For individual songs, there are various other charts such as provided by Saavn and Nokia MixRadio

Major Indian charts

Chart Name Type Number of songs/albums Category ref
"iTunes charts" Albums 100 International [9]
"Mirchi Top 20" songs 20 Bollywood [10]
"Angrezi Top 20" songs 20 International [11]
"Tamil Top 20" songs 20 Regional [12]
"Kannada Top 20" songs 20 Regional [13]
"Telugu Top 20" songs 20 Regional [14]
"Malayalam Top 20" songs 20 Regional [15]
"Bengali Top 20" songs 20 Regional [16]

Certification levels

India has separate scales for music recording certifications. Certifications are usually based on sales, like some other Asian countries. Like many other Asian countries, domestic repertoire accounts for the majority of the Indian music market. Like many other countries, sales requirements of music recording in India reduced due to music piracy, declining sales, and the rise of online streaming.

Current

The following are the current certification levels, as of 2019.[17]

Release type Singles Albums
Gold Platinum Gold Platinum
Hindi films 120,000 240,000 75,000 150,000
Regional films 60,000 120,000 40,000 80,000
Pop/Basic 60,000 120,000 15,000 30,000
Devotional 50,000 100,000 10,000 20,000
Classical/Folk 10,000 20,000 5,000 10,000
International 60,000 120,000 12,000 30,000

Single and album units are measured in terms of Track Equivalent (TE) and Album Equivalent (AE) units, respectively, which are equivalent to the following media units.[17]

Media unit(s) Track Equivalent (TE) Album Equivalent (AE)
Digital track download(s) 1 10
Digital album download — 1
Physical album sale — 1
CRBT (caller ring-back tones) (30 days[clarification needed]) 2 20
Track streams 100 1,000
Video streams 300 3,000

Previous

Prior to the inclusion of music streaming in IMI certifications, the following certification levels were in use between 2007[18] and 2013.[19]

Between 2007 and 2013
Release type Gold Platinum
Hindi Films 200,000 400,000
Regional Films 50,000 100,000
Regional Basic 25,000 50,000
National Basic 50,000 100,000
Classical/Non-Classical 15,000 30,000
International 4,000 6,000

The following certification levels were in use between 2000[20] and 2007.[21]

Between 2000 and 2007
Release type Gold Platinum
Hindi Films 500,000 1,000,000
Regional Films 100,000 200,000
Regional Basic 60,000 120,000
National Basic 100,000 200,000
Classical/Semi-Classical 20,000 40,000
International (2006–2007) 10,000 20,000
International (2000–2006) 20,000 40,000

The following certification levels were in use up until 2000.

Up until 2000
Release type Gold Platinum
Hindi films[22] 500,000 1,000,000
Indi-pop 120,000[23] 200,000[24][25]
Foreign[26] 30,000 60,000

Best-selling albums

See also: Music of Bollywood, Indian pop, Pakistani pop, and List of best-selling albums by country

Top ten

Rank Year Album Music director(s) Lyricist(s) Singer(s) Sales Source(s)
1 1983 Young Tarang Zoheb Hassan, Biddu Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Sehba Akhtar, Amit Khanna Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan 40,000,000 [27][28]
2 1990 Aashiqui Nadeem–Shravan Sameer, Madan Pal, Rani Malik Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal, Udit Narayan, Nitin Mukesh 20,000,000 [29][30]
1995 Bolo Ta Ra Ra.. Jawahar Wattal Daler Mehndi Daler Mehndi 20,000,000 [31][32]
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge Jatin–Lalit Anand Bakshi Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra 20,000,000 [33][34]
5 1995 Billo De Ghar Abrar-ul-Haq Abrar-ul-Haq Abrar-ul-Haq 16,000,000 [35][36]
6 1995 Bombay A. R. Rahman Vairamuthu, Mehboob, Veturi Sundararama Murthy A. R. Rahman, Remo Fernandes, Suresh Peters, Swarnalatha, K. S. Chithra, Hariharan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Udit Narayan, Annupamaa 15,000,000 [37]
7 1981 Disco Deewane Zoheb Hassan, Biddu Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Anwar Khalid, Faruq Qaiser Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan 14,000,000 [38]
8 1997 Dil Toh Pagal Hai Uttam Singh Anand Bakshi Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Hariharan 12,500,000 [39]
9 1994 Hum Aapke Hain Kaun Raamlaxman Ravinder Rawal, Dev Kohli Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, S. P. Balasubramanyam, Udit Narayan, Sharda Sinha, Shailendra Singh 12,000,000 [40]
10 1996 Raja Hindustani Nadeem–Shravan Sameer Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik, Suresh Wadkar, Sapna Awasthi, Alisha Chinai, Sapna Mukheree, Bela Salukhe 11,000,000 [39]

By decade

Decade Year Album Music director(s) Lyricist(s) Singer(s) Sales Source(s)
1930s 1939 Aadmi Master Krishnarao Munsi Aziz Shanta Hublikar, Ram Marathe, Sundara Bai, Shahu Modhak — [citation needed]
1940s 1949 Barsaat Shankar Jaikishan Hasrat Jaipuri, Shailendra, Ramesh Shashtri, Akhilesh, Jalal Malahabadi Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Mukesh — [citation needed]
1950s 1951 Awaara Shankar Jaikishan Shailendra, Hasrat Jaipuri Shamshad Begum, Mukesh, Lata Mangeshkar, Manna Dey, Mohammed Rafi — [41]
1960s 1964 Sangam Shankar Jaikishan Shailendra, Hasrat Jaipuri Vyjayanthimala, Mukesh, Lata Mangeshkar, Mahendra Kapoor, Mohammed Rafi — [42]
1970s 1973 Bobby Laxmikant–Pyarelal Anand Bakshi, Vitthalbhai Patel Lata Mangeshkar, Narendra Chanchal, Shailendra Singh, Manna Dey 1,000,000 [43][44][22]
1975 Sholay R. D. Burman Anand Bakshi, Salim-Javed Kishore Kumar, Manna Dey, Lata Mangeshkar, Hema Malini, R. D. Burman 1,000,000 [44][22]
1980s 1983 Young Tarang Zoheb Hassan, Biddu Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Sehba Akhtar, Amit Khanna Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan 40,000,000 [28][27]
1990s 1990 Aashiqui Nadeem–Shravan Sameer, Madan Pal, Rani Malik Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal, Udit Narayan, Nitin Mukesh 20,000,000 [29][30]
1995 Bolo Ta Ra Ra.. Jawahar Wattal Daler Mehndi Daler Mehndi 20,000,000 [31][39]
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge Jatin–Lalit Anand Bakshi Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra 20,000,000 [33][34]
2000s 2000 Mohabbatein Jatin–Lalit Anand Bakshi Lata Mangeshkar, Udit Narayan, Shweta Pandit, Sonali Bhatawdekar, Ishaan 5,000,000 [45]
2010s 2010 Komaram Puli A. R. Rahman Chandrabose A. R. Rahman, Vijay Prakash, Tanvi Shah, Shweta Mohan, Javed Ali, Shreya Ghoshal 760,000 [46]

References

  1. ^ a b c Hu, Cherie (September 23, 2017). "How India, The Global Music Industry's Sleeping Giant, Is Finally Waking Up". Forbes.
  2. ^ "The Indian Music Industry is struggling to survive COVID-19". Music Biz Nation.
  3. ^ Malvania, Urvi (21 April 2014). "Sony Music eyes numero uno position in India". Business Standard.
  4. ^ "Spotify's plan to beat Apple: sign the rest of the world". Financial Times. 3 January 2019.
  5. ^ Bhargava, Simran (15 January 1991). "As music market expands rapidly, India becomes one of the largest producers of cassettes". India Today. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  6. ^ "Tuning in to better times?". The Hindu. 9 July 2003.
  7. ^ "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  8. ^ "Attack of the clones". Rediff. 27 March 2003.
  9. ^ Top Music Albums Charts via iTunes Store India iTunes
  10. ^ Mirchi Top 20 The Times of India
  11. ^ Angrezi Top 10 The Times of India
  12. ^ Tamil Top 20 The Times of India
  13. ^ Kannada Top 20 The Times of India
  14. ^ Telugu Top 20 The Times of India
  15. ^ Malayalayam Top 20 The Times of India
  16. ^ Bengal Top 20 The Times of India
  17. ^ a b "Awards". Indian Music Industry (IMI). Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  18. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 2007-09-09. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  19. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  20. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 2000-05-21. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  21. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 2007-01-29. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  22. ^ a b c "International". Billboard. 93 (28). Nielsen Business Media: 69. 18 July 1981.
  23. ^ "Hip, Happy, Hyper". India Today. 30 April 1994.
  24. ^ Asiaweek, Volume 7. Asiaweek. 1981. p. 39. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  25. ^ "Nazia-Biddu Team - 'Disco Deewane': Hit In Hindu". Billboard. 93 (28): 70. 18 July 1981. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
  26. ^ "Channel V and MTV create never-before market for global music". India Today. 15 November 1996.
  27. ^ a b "Young Tarang". Rediff. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  28. ^ a b Sheikh, M. A. (2012). Who’s Who: Music in Pakistan. Xlibris Corporation. p. 192. ISBN 9781469191591.[self-published source]
  29. ^ a b "India Today". India Today. 19. Aroon Purie for Living Media India Limited: 70. 1994.
  30. ^ a b "Bollywood hinges on Hindi film music industry, fans soak up wacky new sounds". India Today. 15 November 1994. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  31. ^ a b "Daler Mehndi". In.com. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
  32. ^ Booth, Gregory D.; Shope, Bradley (2014). More Than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music. Oxford University Press. p. 151. ISBN 9780199928835.
  33. ^ a b "Rediff On The Net, Movies: How Gulshan Kumar signed his own death warrant". Rediff. 2 September 1997.
  34. ^ a b Ganti, Tejaswini (2012). Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry. Duke University Press. p. 390. ISBN 9780822352136.
  35. ^ "Statistics". Abrar-ul-Haq Official Website. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  36. ^ "Abrar Ul Haq is back with a bangra". The Express Tribune. 29 April 2016.
  37. ^ "The "Mozart of Madras" AR Rahman is Performing LIVE in Australia". SBS. 14 February 2017.
  38. ^ "Disco Deewane, Nazia Hassan with Biddu and His Orchestra". La Pelanga. 19 September 2010.
  39. ^ a b c "Music Hits 1990-1999 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. 2 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010.
  40. ^ Morcom, Anna (2017). Hindi Film Songs and the Cinema. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 9781351563741.
  41. ^ "Music Hits 1950-1959". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
  42. ^ "Music Hits 1960-1969". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
  43. ^ "Music Hits 1970-1979". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
  44. ^ a b "Sûrya India". Sûrya India. 3 (2). A. Anand.: 61 1979. Sholay' is stilt going strong. Polydor records has won a platinum disc for the sale of the 'Sholay' record
  45. ^ "Music Hits 2000-2009 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
  46. ^ "'Komaram Puli' audio creates latest record!". way2movies. 16 July 2010.

External links

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