Damjili Cave
Damcılı mağarası | |
 stone tools | |
  location in Azerbaijan | |
| Location | Daş Salahlı village |
|---|---|
| Region | Gazakh rayon, Azerbaijan |
| Coordinates | 41°8′53″N 45°14′28″E / 41.14806°N 45.24111°E |
| History | |
| Periods | Paleolithic and Mesolithic |
Damjili (Template:Lang-az) – is a half-circular shaped cave site (6400-6000 BC) in Azerbaijan, where evidence of prehistoric human presence during the Paleolithic and Mesolithic was discovered.[1]
Various stone tools, arrowheads, flint knives, remains of hearth and fossilized bones of animals have been found in the cave.[2]
Traces of ochre were found in a grotto of the cave, lending credence to the idea, that the occupants had a desire to deal with symbolism and aesthetics. The sediment layers, in which the ochre was found are mixed with more tardy ones which suggests that the use ochre dates back to the Mousterian culture
Overview
Damjili cave is the biggest cave among Avey Mountain caves. It has an area of 360 km2 (139.0 sq mi). The front side of the cave has been destroyed as the result of floods over the years.[3] The height of the cave's rear side is 4 m (13.1 ft).
Location
The site is situated in the South-Eastern part of the Avey Mountain of the Small Caucasus, that extends from Daş Salahlı village in the Gazakh rayon to the Khram River.[4]
Name of the Cave
The name Damjili is an allusion to "weeping water", that rinses through the natural cracks in the limestone cave walls (the Azeri word Damji (Template:Lang-az) translates to drop).[5]
Damjili spring
Water of Damjili spring dribbles down from the flinty top of the cave through the natural cracks. Pure and cold falling water drops are accumulating in the dent below and forming a spring. That is why the spring is called Damjili, literally meanining "with drops".[6]
Excavations
Damjılı cave was discovered for the first time in 1953 during the joint expedition of Russian scientist Zamyatin and Azerbaijani archaeologist Mammadali Husyenov.[7]
Fragments of pottery dated back to the Bronze Age and Middle Ages were discovered from the primary excavations in the cave. The Paleolithic archaeological expedition formed under the History Museum of Academy of Science of Azerbaijan in 1956 conducted fundamental excavations in Damjili cave between 1956 and 1958 under the supervision of M.Huseynov.[8]
In the result of this excavation, around 7,000 stone tools and more than 2,000 bones of hunting animals were found from different cultural layers of the cave.[8]
In 2015–2017, a group of Azerbaijani and Japanese experts (led by the professor Yoshihiro Nishiaki of Tokyo University) conducted joint excavations in the area. The excavations began in 10 different directions. As a result, artefacts dating back to the Neolithic period, ruins of fireplaces, tools of Middle Paleolithic were discovered at a depth of 4 meters. The materials were investigated in Japanese laboratories.[9][10]
Findings
The tools found in the Damjili cave trace back to the Middle Paleolithic – Mousterian period, Upper Paleolithic, Mezolithic, Neolithic, Eneolithic periods and Bronze Age.[11]
Scrapers, cutting tools, awls, knife-shaped tools of Upper paleolithic were mainly made from flint and obsidian stone.[12]
Pencil-shaped nucleuses, small knife-shaped boards, tiny scrapers, cutting and pointed tools were attributed to Mezolithic, while arrowheads, polished stone object were attributed to the Neolithic period.[12]
Mousterian and Meseolithic period findings consist of triangular spikes, big circular cutting tools and nucleuses which are considered to be used for hunting.[7][13]
Some of the scrapers made of basalt are in circular shapes.[7]
Disk shaped nucleuses tools are considered to belong to Neanderthal people 100,000-80,000 years ago settled in Damjili.[7]
See also
References
- ^ "Kakenhi Project" (PDF).
- ^ "Damjili stone age cave camp".
- ^ "Republican Seismic Survey Center of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences". www.seismology.az. Retrieved 2019-03-15.
- ^ "Gazakh". Authentic Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 2012-03-21.
- ^ "Archaeological Baseline Data" (PDF). BP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-06.
- ^ "Damcılı mağarası". portal.azertag.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2019-03-15.
- ^ a b c d "Residental area "Damjili" (Mousterian period) - Caves | Catalog GoMap.Az". kataloq.gomap.az. Retrieved 2019-03-16.
- ^ a b AZƏRBAYCAN ARXEOLOGİYASI. Bakı: ŞƏRQ-QƏRB. 2008. ISBN 978-9952-448-28-3.
- ^ "Japanese experts conduct excavations in Gazakh [PHOTO]". AzerNews.az. 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2019-03-16.
- ^ "Public Presentation at Damjili Cave, Azerbaijan (July 29, 2017) | Cultural History of PaleoAsia | Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, a MEXT Grant-in-Aid Project FY2016-2020". Public Presentation at Damjili Cave, Azerbaijan (July 29, 2017) | Cultural History of PaleoAsia | Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, a MEXT Grant-in-Aid Project FY2016-2020. Retrieved 2019-03-16.
- ^ AZƏRBAYCAN ARXEOLOGIYASI DAŞ DÖVRÜ. Baki: "Şərq-Qərb". 2008.
- ^ a b AZƏRBAYCAN TARIXI ən qədimdən bizim eranın III əsri (PDF). Baki: "Elm". 2007. ISBN 978-9952-448-36-8.
- ^ Zardabli, Ismail bey (2018). ETHNIC AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN: from ancient times to the present day. lulu.com. p. 18. ISBN 978-0244997823.