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2019 Philippine Senate election

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2019 Philippine Senate election
← 2016 May 13, 2019 2022 →
12 (of the 24) seats to the Senate of the Philippines
13 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Koko Pimentel Tito Sotto Nancy Binay
Party PDP–Laban NPC UNA
Alliance HNP UNA
Seats won 9 1 1
Popular vote 203,023,825 16,965,464 14,974,776
Percentage 56.2% 4.7% 4.1%
Map showing the number of winning HNP candidates if elections were done per province and city, with darker red shades denoting more candidates from HNP winning there. The winners are determined via the nationwide vote.
Senate President before election

Tito Sotto
NPC

Elected Senate President

Tito Sotto
NPC

The 2019 election of members to the Senate of the Philippines was the 33rd election of members to the Senate of the Philippines for a six-year term. It was held on May 13, 2019.

The seats of 12 senators elected in 2013 were contested during this election, and the senators that were elected in this election will serve up to June 30, 2025. The winners in this election will join the winners of the 2016 election to form the 18th Congress of the Philippines. The senators elected in 2016 will serve until June 30, 2022.

The Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban), the ruling party headed by President Rodrigo Duterte, led its own administration coalition, the Hugpong ng Pagbabago.

The Senate election is held concurrently with elections to the House of Representatives and local officials above the barangay level.

Hugpong ng Pagbabago won overwhelmingly, while the main opposition coalition, Otso Diretso, was not able to win any seat in the Senate. Hugpong won 9 seats, while the Nationalist People's Coalition, United Nationalist Alliance, and an independent candidate won 1 seat each.

A total of five women, or 42% of the seats contested, won the election, beating the previous record of four female winners set in 2013.

Electoral system

Main article: Philippine senatorial elections

Senate elections in the Philippines are conducted via the plurality-at-large voting system, where the entire country is one at-large "district". Each voter can select up to twelve candidates (one vote per candidate), and the twelve candidates with the highest total number of votes are elected.

Senators are term limited to two consecutive terms, although they are eligible for a third non-consecutive term.[1] Only half of the seats are up in every senatorial election. The winning senators will succeed those elected in 2013, and will join those elected in 2016 in the 18th Congress.

Each party endorses a slate of candidates, typically not exceeding a 12-person ticket.[2] A party may also choose to invite "guest candidates" to complete its slate. The party may even include, with the candidates' consent, independent candidates and candidates from other parties as the party's guest candidates. Parties also may form coalitions to endorse a multi-party slate of candidates.

While the Philippines is a multi-party system, parties tend to group themselves into two major coalitions in midterm elections (e.g. Lakas-Laban vs NPC in 1995; PPC vs Puwersa ng Masa in 2001). This is opposed to senatorial elections in presidential election years where most presidential candidates also have senatorial slates. This results in an election where voters can choose between two major political forces. Sometimes a weaker third coalition is also formed.

Winning candidates are proclaimed by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), sitting as the National Board of Canvassers. Candidates are proclaimed senators-elect if the thirteenth-place candidate no longer has a mathematical chance of surpassing the twelfth-place candidate. Post-proclamation disputes are handled by the Senate Electoral Tribunal, a body composed of six senators and three justices from the Supreme Court.

Coalitions

2016 election

As the 2016 Senate election was held concurrently with the presidential election, most of the presidential candidates also put up their respective senatorial slates. These slates shared several candidates, although most of the shared candidates only campaigned with one slate. The presidential election was won by Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban), while the vice presidency was won by the Liberal Party's Leni Robredo, the representative from Camarines Sur.[3] Senator Bongbong Marcos disputed Robredo's victory, and his electoral protest is still pending before the Presidential Electoral Tribunal.[4]

Koko Pimentel, Duterte's party-mate, was elected as President of the Senate in July 2016 by a large majority, while a handful of Liberal Party senators comprised the minority; they were later joined by other Liberal Party members who had earlier voted for Pimentel, forming a six-person minority bloc in the Senate.[5]

Pimentel resigned from the Senate presidency on May 21, 2018. He was replaced by Tito Sotto of the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), who was elected by majority of the senators.[6]

Coalition for Change / Tapang at Malasakit Alliance

Senator Koko Pimentel, the leader of PDP–Laban and the Coalition for Change
Main article: Coalition for Change (Philippines)

In October 2017, the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban) was only considering to form a coalition with the Nacionalista Party for the 2019 senatorial elections.[7]

In November 2017, PDP–Laban reportedly released a "partial list" of their senatorial slate for the 2019 edition consisting of six people. The party's president Koko Pimentel clarified that the list was not finalized and remarked that there was "no party decision yet". In January 2018, the House Speaker announced that the 6 candidates were now official.[8] In February 2018, two more names were added to PDP–Laban's potential slate.[9]

Pimentel announced a shortlist of 20 names in April 2018. It included himself and the five other senators that are members of the majority bloc, several administration officials, representatives, and private citizens. Pimentel said that his list was not approved by Alvarez when he released it.[10]

By August 2018, Pimentel wrote to Duterte of their party's prospective candidates for the Senate. Pimentel divided the names into three groups: members of PDP–Laban, outsiders, and the incumbent senators of the majority bloc. Pimentel said that Duterte's decision would be final in the composition of their slate.[11]

Otso Diretso

Main article: Otso Diretso

In March 2018, a supposed Liberal Party slate was circulated on social media. The list of candidates included Interior Secretary Mar Roxas, Sen. Bam Aquino, former Senators Teofisto Guingona III and Ramon Magsaysay Jr., former Pampanga Governor Eddie Panlilio, former Representative from Quezon Lorenzo Tañada III, Representative from Albay Edcel Lagman, Representative from Northern Samar Raul Daza, Magdalo Representative Gary Alejano, Representatives Jose Christopher Belmonte from Quezon City and Kaka Bag-ao from Dinagat Islands, and Cebu City Mayor Tomas Osmeña.[12] However, on April 2, Magsaysay said that he had no plans of returning to the Senate.[13] Lagman, Daza, and Belmonte all denied that they were running for senator. Alejano, meanwhile, neither confirmed nor denied his plans.[14] After multiple candidates denied interest in running, Senator Francis Pangilinan denied that this slate was an accurate list of Liberal Party candidates, as the official list had yet to be finalized.[12]

In April, Antonio Trillanes said that his Samahang Magdalo was cooperating with the Liberal Party, Akbayan and Tindig Pilipinas to put up an opposition coalition against the pro-Duterte parties.[15] On April 24, Liberal Party and other groups urged Mar Roxas to run.[16] By mid-May, the Liberal Party had settled on several names; however, Roxas himself declined to run. The Liberals intend to form a coalition with anti-Duterte groups, with the slate being named as "the Resistance".[17] In June, Alejano announced his intention to run.[18]

Leni Robredo announced that she accepted the role of opposition leader in the election, and they will release the line-up by mid-September. The line up may include former Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno, who was removed from office by a quo warranto petition.[19] By August, Roxas, in an interview at Robredo's radio show said that he was unsure of his plans in 2019.[20] In early September, a list of 18 possible candidates was publicized by the coalition. The list included incumbent senator Paolo Benigno "Bam" Aquino IV, Magdalo representative Gary Alejano, former Department of Interior and Local Government secretary Manuel "Mar" Roxas II, former chief justice Maria Lourdes Sereno, former Quezon representative Lorenzo "Erin" Tañada III, lawyer Jose Manuel "Chel" Diokno, former Bangsamoro Transition Committee member Samira Gutoc, former Solicitor General Florin Hilbay, former Akbayan representative Ibarra "Barry" Gutierrez III, actor Dingdong Dantes, former presidential spokesman Edwin Lacierda, writer Manuel Luis "Manolo" Quezon III, activist Leah Navarro, actress Agot Isidro, musician Jim Paredes, election lawyer Romulo Macalintal, former Social Welfare secretary Corazon "Dinky" Soliman, and ex-chief justice Hilario Davide Jr.[21]

By October 2018, before the 2019 general elections, the Liberal Party formed the Otso Diretso, an electoral coalition led by the party that also comprises members of the Magdalo Party-List, Akbayan Citizens Action Party, and Akyson Demokratiko along with independent candidates.[22] The coalition hopes to drive a new political culture based on political leaders practicing "makiking, matuto, kumilos" (listen, learn, take action), each candidate emphasizing the need for government to listen to its citizens.[23] As part of the Liberal Party's efforts to instill this new political culture, it launched Project Makining in October 2018, a modern, nationwide listening campaign driven by volunteers. It aimed to find out what are important to Filipinos, the basis for the messaging, strategy, and platform of the coalition.[24]

Nationalist People's Coalition

Senate President Tito Sotto (NPC), HNP coalition leader in the Senate

By June 2017, Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), erstwhile chairman emeritus Danding Cojuangco returned as chairman, in an active leadership role. Senate Majority Leader Tito Sotto said Cojuangco was reportedly unsatisfied with how the party was being run, as leadership cannot agree on what direction to take.[25]

The party has considered all of the eligible incumbents from the majority bloc to run in its slate as "Friends of the party". Sotto also said that Bam Aquino, the only non-term limited incumbent from the minority bloc, was also invited to run in their slate. Aquino is the nephew of NPC founder Cojuangco who Sotto said will personally help Aquino in the latter's campaign.[26] Sotto announced in July 2018 that Senator JV Ejercito and former senator Lito Lapid would run under the NPC banner. Ejercito said this is to avoid with him running together with his half-brother Jinggoy Estrada, under the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino. Lapid was formerly from the now moribund Lakas–CMD.[27]

Hugpong ng Pagbabago, Nacionalista, and other alliances

De facto First Lady and Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte, the leader of the HNP Party

Hugpong ng Pagbabago, Davao City mayor Sara Duterte's regional political party in the Davao Region formed in mid-2018, reportedly had national parties it wanted to forge alliances with.[28] By August, the Hugpong had established alliances with the Nacionalista Party, Nationalist People's Coalition, the National Unity Party, and six other local parties.[29] In August, incumbent senator Cynthia Villar announced that she will seek reelection. The coalition also supported the candidacies of Governor Imee Marcos and Representative Pia Cayetano.[30]

Partido Federal ng Pilipinas

A new political party called the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (Federal Party of the Philippines) was launched[31] and accredited by the Commission on Election on October 8, 2018.[32] It elected Land Bank of the Philippines director Jesus Hinlo as president.[33] On October 17, 2018, the party nominated three senatorial candidates for the 2019 midterm elections, namely Maria Socorro Manahan, Elmer Francisco, and Diosdado Padilla.[34]

Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi

Term-limited and retiring incumbents

The following are barred from running since they are on their second consecutive six-year term:

Alan Peter Cayetano, who was on his second consecutive term, resigned from the Senate in order to become Secretary of Foreign Affairs on May 18, 2017. It left one vacant seat and since it was vacated less than three years before Cayetano's term expires, no special election will be held to fill the seat. Cayetano resigned as foreign affairs secretary on October 17, 2018 and filed candidacy as House representative from Taguig's 1st district.[43]

It's disputed if Koko Pimentel (PDP–Laban) is on his second term already, considering he only took over from Juan Miguel Zubiri's seat after the latter resigned and Pimentel won his electoral protest against him. See banned candidacies, below.

Planned debates

On February 28, 2019, Otso Diretso candidates Gary Alejano, Samira Gutoc, Florin Hilbay, and Romulo Macalintal wrote a letter to the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), requesting to facilitate a debate with administration-supported party Hugpong ng Pagbabago.[44] Otso Diretso said that the debate "would benefit not only the senatorial aspirants, but mainly the voting public."[45] Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte slammed the former for being "fixated" on debates.[46] Prior to this, on February 25, the day of the 33rd anniversary of People Power Revolution, Otso Diretso had challenged the Hugpong ng Pagbabago candidates for public debate but none of them showed up in the event.[47] On March 8, the COMELEC rejected the request of debate by Otso Diretso.[48]

Candidates

Main article: Candidates in the 2019 Philippine Senate election

Half of the seats in the Senate, or the 12 seats disputed in odd-numbered years since 1995, are up in the 2019 senatorial election.

Opinion polling

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2019 Philippine Senate election

Opinion polling, locally known as "surveys" in the Philippines, is conducted by Social Weather Stations (SWS), Pulse Asia and other pollsters. The first poll released through by the DZRH website reportedly done by SWS in December 2017 was not posted in SWS's official website, and SWS neither confirmed nor denied the existence of the survey when asked by the Philippine Star, leading to speculation that it was commissioned by a third party.[52]

Survey details

Date/s administered Pollster Sample size Margin of error Major issues when poll was administered
March 23–28, 2018[53] Pulse Asia 1,200 ±3% Movements to remove Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno from office, withdrawal from the International Criminal Court, proposal to close Boracay Island, provisional acceptance of Janet Lim-Napoles to the Witness Protection Program. Only 57% of the respondents on the survey had surety in their 12 senatorial picks.
June 15–21, 2018[54] Pulse Asia 1,800 ±2% Ouster of Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno, the anti-loiterer campaign of the government, killing of Catholic priests
September 1–7, 2018[55] Pulse Asia 1,800 ±2% Invalidation of the amnesty given to Antonio Trillanes, record-high inflation, Xiamen Airlines Flight 8667 accident at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport
September 15–23, 2018[56] Social Weather Stations 1,500 ±3% This survey was commissioned by Alde Joselito Pagulayan.
September 15–23, 2018[57] Social Weather Stations 1,500 ±3% This survey was commissioned by Francis Tolentino.
December 14–21, 2018[58] Pulse Asia 1,800 ±2%
February 24–28, 2019[59] Pulse Asia 1,800 ±2%
April 10–14, 2019[60] Pulse Asia 1,800 ±2%
May 3–6, 2019[61] Pulse Asia 1,800 ±2%

Per candidate

This list includes all individuals named by at least 10% of respondents in any of the nine conducted surveys. For a comprehensive list of all individuals included in the surveys, see the main article.

#DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Acosta, Persida" | Persida Acosta || Independent || 12.8% || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Aguilar, Freddie" | Freddie Aguilar || Independent || — || 9.3% || 8.9% || 7% || — || 9.6% || 7.3% || 11.6% || 8.2% #0000CD || data-sort-value="Angara, Sonny" | Sonny Angara || LDP || 44.9% || 41.9% || 37.1% || 26% || 26% || 58.5% || 52.2% || 40.4% || 36.3% #f0e68c || data-sort-value="Aquino, Bam" | Bam Aquino || Liberal || 30.5% || 32.1% || 20.1% || 22% || 22% || 32.6% || 30.4% || 28.8% || 30.6% #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Aquino, Kris" | Kris Aquino || Independent || — || — || 17.7% || — || — || — || — || — || — #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal" | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo || PDP–Laban|| — || 10.8% || 11.9% || 10% || — || — || — || — || — #4AA02C || data-sort-value="Bautista, Herbert" | Herbert Bautista || NPC || 26.2% || 28.5% || 20.9% || 16% || — || — || — || — || — #FE4D00 || data-sort-value="Binay, Nancy" | Nancy Binay || UNA || 45.8% || 37.1% || 50.6% || 31% || 26% || 46.7% || 40.5% || 36.2% || 32.8% #98fb98 || data-sort-value="Cayetano, Pia" | Pia Cayetano || Nacionalista || 53.8% || 55.7% || 54.4% || 37% || 43% || 55.4% || 47.0% || 43.9% || 45.0% #29176E || data-sort-value="Colmenares, Neri" | Neri Colmenares || Makabayan || 7.0% || 7.1% || 7.8% || 3% || — || 9.3% || 9.7% || 10.9% || 7.5% #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Dantes, Dingdong" | Dingdong Dantes || Independent || 16.8% || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Dela Rosa, Bato" | Ronald dela Rosa || PDP–Laban || 33.1% || 37.7% || 27.0% || 19% || 25% || 35.7% || 44.6% || 36.7% || 37.9% #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Duterte, Sara" | Sara Duterte || PDP–Laban || 43.8% || 46.2% || 39.5% || 24% || — || — || — || — || — #4AA02C || data-sort-value="Ejercito, JV" | JV Ejercito || NPC || 29.0% || 35.6% || 26.7% || 19% || 19% || 33.6% || 27.6% || 28.1% || 31.2% #ffa500 || data-sort-value="Enrile, Juan Ponce" | Juan Ponce Enrile || PMP || — || — || — || — || — || 19.0% || 25.2% || 17.6% || 16.3% #ffa500 || data-sort-value="Estrada, Jinggoy" | Jinggoy Estrada || PMP || 32.8% || 37.9% || 34.6% || 29% || 31% || 36.3% || 33.9% || 28.8% || 30.8% #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Failon, Ted" | Ted Failon || Independent || 25.6% || 25.8% || 21.9% || — || — || — || — || — || — #4AA02C || data-sort-value="Gatchalian, Rex" | Rex Gatchalian || NPC || 16.7% || 11.2% || 13.3% || 6% || — || — || — || — || — #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Go, Bong" | Bong Go || PDP–Laban || 5.9% || 9.9% || 14.1% || 10% || 12% || 29.7% || 53.0% || 40.8% || 42.0% #f0e68c || data-sort-value="Guingona, TG" | TG Guingona || Liberal || 17.5% || 23.3% || 17.3% || 12% || — || — || — || — || — #4AA02C || data-sort-value="Lapid, Lito" | Lito Lapid || NPC || 33.8% || 36.2% || 32.2% || 30% || 33% || 49.8% || 49.0% || 45.7% || 38.5% #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Lopez, Gina" | Gina Lopez || PDP–Laban || 14.0% || — || 17.1% || — || — || — || — || — || — #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Mangudadatu, Dong" | Dong Mangudadatu || Independent || — || 3.2% || 2.2% || 3% || — || 5.5% || 12.5% || 11.0% || 15.5% #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Manicad, Jiggy" | Jiggy Manicad || Independent || — || 3.3% || 4.7% || 4% || 6% || 7.0% || 11.9% || 10.6% || 10.3% #98fb98 || data-sort-value="Marcos, Imee" | Imee Marcos || Nacionalista || 32.2% || 29.9% || 32.6% || 22% || 24% || 36.7% || 36.0% || 29.6% || 34.1% #ffa500 || data-sort-value="Moreno, Isko" | Isko Moreno || PMP || 13.9% || 15.5% || 10.4% || — || — || — || — || — || — #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Nograles, Karlo" | Karlo Nograles || PDP–Laban || 10.6% || 8.4% || 9.0% || 4% || — || — || — || — || — #B0E0E6 || data-sort-value="Ong, Willie" | Willie Ong || Lakas–CMD || — || 6.6% || 4.6% || — || — || 6.8% || 9.1% || 10.5% || 8.1% #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Osmeña, Sergio" | Serge Osmeña || Independent || 38.0% || 36.6% || 29.8% || 19% || 24% || 38.8% || 26.7% || 24.6% || 23.3% #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Padilla, Robin" | Robin Padilla || PDP–Laban || 26.2% || 28.2% || 27.4% || 19% || — || — || — || — || — #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Pimentel, Aquilino" | Koko Pimentel || PDP–Laban || 39.8% || 37.7% || 32.4% || 30% || 33% || 45.5% || 35.6% || 31.8% || 31.7% #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Poe, Grace" | Grace Poe || Independent || 70.8% || 67.4% || 70.1% || 52% || 43% || 75.6% || 67.5% || 50.5% || 47.7% #B0E0E6 || data-sort-value="Revilla, Bong" | Bong Revilla || Lakas–CMD || — || 26.7% || 27.4% || 15% || — || 37.6% || 36.8% || 38.1% || 39.5% #f0e68c || data-sort-value="Roxas, Mar" | Mar Roxas || Liberal || 25.4% || 27.1% || 27.7% || 22% || 30% || 35.0% || 39.8% || 24.5% || 21.1% #ffd700 || data-sort-value="Tolentino, Francis" | Francis Tolentino || PDP–Laban || 14.6% || 9.9% || 11.4% || 11% || 16% || 19.4% || 32.1% || 22.8% || 28.9% #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Tulfo, Erwin" | Erwin Tulfo || Independent || 36.7% || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — #DCDCDC || data-sort-value="Tulfo, Ramon" | Ramon Tulfo || Independent || — || 27.1% || 27.0% || — || — || — || — || — || — #98fb98 || data-sort-value="Villar, Cynthia" | Cynthia Villar || Nacionalista || 55.6% || 50.1% || 57.7% || 46% || 53% || 66.6% || 61.0% || 51.7% || 55.9%
Name Party 2018 2019
Mar 23–28 Jun 15–21 Sep 1–7 Sep 15–23 Sep 15–23 Dec 14–21 Feb 24–28 Apr 10–14 May 3–6
Pulse Pulse Pulse SWS SWS Pulse Pulse Pulse Pulse
Don't know 0.5% 1.3% 1.6% 6% 6% 1.1% 1.1% — —
Refused 0.8% 2.5% 1.9% — — 2.2% 1.6% 5.2% 5.8%
None 4.5% 1.0% 0.1% — — 1.6% 1.0% 1.5% 1.9%
Invalid votes (13 or more names) — — — — — — — 4.7% 3.7%

Per party

  • Parties (excluding independents) with the plurality of seats in boldface.
  • Parties (excluding independents) with the majority of seats are shaded by the party color.

Seats won

  • Totals may not add up to 12 due to margin of error.
#0000CD #B0E0E6 #f0e68c #98fb98 #ffd700 #ffa500 #FE4D00 #DCDCDC
Date Pollster LDP Lakas LP NP PDP–Laban PMP UNA Ind
Mar 23–28, 2018 Pulse Asia[53] 1 0 1 3 2 1 2 4
Jun 15–21, 2018 Pulse Asia[54] 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 4
Sep 1–7, 2018 Pulse Asia[55] 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 5
Sep 15–23, 2018 SWS[56] 1 0 2 3 2 0 2 2
Sep 15–23, 2018 SWS[57] 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 3

Seats after the election

Totals may not add up to 24 due to margin of error.

#FE0000 #0000CD #B0E0E6 #f0e68c #98fb98 #4AA02C #ffd700 #ffa500 #FE4D00 #DCDCDC
Date Pollster Akbayan LDP Lakas LP NP NPC PDP–Laban PMP UNA Ind
Jun 30, 2016 Start of 17th Congress 1 1 0 6 3 3 2 0 3 5
Mar 23–28, 2018 Pulse Asia[53] 1 1 0 6 3 2 4 1 2 7
Jun 15–21, 2018 Pulse Asia[54] 1 1 0 6 2 2 4 1 2 7
Sep 1–7, 2018 Pulse Asia[54] 1 1 1 6 3 2 5 1 2 8
Sep 15–23, 2018 SWS[56] 1 1 0 6 4 2 4 0 2 4
Sep 15–23, 2018 SWS[57] 1 1 0 5 4 2 4 0 2 5
Current party standings 1 1 0 5 3 3 3 1 2 5
February 24–28, 2019[59] Pulse Asia 1 1 0 4 4 3 5 1 1 4
April 10–14, 2019[60] Pulse Asia 1 1 1 5 4 3 4 0 1 4
May 3–6, 2019[61] Pulse Asia 1 1 1 4 4 3 5 0 1 4

Notes:

  • Incumbent Senator Ralph Recto was denoted as a Liberal Party member up to September 21, 2018, after which he became a Nacionalista Party member.[62]
  • Incumbent Senator JV Ejercito was denoted as a PMP member up to October 10, 2018. after which he became an NPC member.[63]

Per coalition

Date Pollster Hugpong Otso Diretso Others
February 24–28, 2019[59] Pulse Asia 13 0 3
April 10–14, 2019[60] Pulse Asia 10 1 3
May 3–6, 2019[61] Pulse Asia 11 1 3

Issues

In February, Cebu representative Gwendolyn Garcia was dismissed by the Ombudsman for a corruption case and barred her from seeking public positions from 2019 onward, but Garcia said that she will appeal the dismissal at the courts.[64]

Candidates campaigning from detention were previously allowed; Senator Antonio Trillanes ran and won in 2007 despite being jailed for taking part in the Oakwood mutiny. Trillanes was ultimately convicted of participating in a coup d'etat after winning, but accepted the amnesty passed by Congress that was proposed by President Benigno Aquino III.[65] While convicts are not allowed to run anymore unless pardoned or accepting an amnesty, these people have pending cases as of yet and are innocent until proven guilty.

As this is a midterm election, it serves as a de facto referendum on the policies of the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, such as pursuing the Philippine Drug War, Bringing Back the Death Penalty, federalism in the Philippines, and the Bangsamoro peace process, among other things.

Constitutional change

One of President Rodrigo Duterte's promises during the 2016 election campaign was to revise the current constitution and to shift the country from a unitary form to a federal form. On September 29, 2017, PDP–Laban presented a draft constitution to Congress.[66]

The House of Representatives, through Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez began its own hearings on constitutional change without the participation of the Senate. Alvarez took a hard line on the interpretation that voting via the Constituent Assembly would be joint, instead of the two chambers voting separately, as is the usual. A joint vote would've rendered the Senate's votes as virtually meaningless, as the representatives outnumber them by almost 300–23. Senators maintained that voting must be done separately. Senator Grace Poe moved that all moves to make the Senate irrelevant in the proposed constitution be rejected by the Senate, and supported Panfilo Lacson's suggestion that any vote be separate.[67]

Results

The proclamation of the winning twelve senators by the Commission on Elections on May 22, 2019.

This is how the Senate is currently constituted. On July 25, 2016, voting 20–3, senators elected Koko Pimentel as the new Senate President. The senators who voted for Pimentel became the majority bloc. Senator Francis Escudero then nominated Senator Ralph Recto, a member of the Liberal Party, for the presidency. Senator Antonio Trillanes seconded Escudero's nomination. During nominal voting, Pimentel voted for Recto. Recto voted for Pimentel. After losing the vote, Recto automatically became the Minority Leader. He was joined by Escudero and Trillanes. Drilon was later elected Senate President Pro-Tempore while Sotto was elected Majority Leader.[68]

On February 27, 2018, Senator Manny Pacquiao, a key administration ally, moved to remove from key positions LP senators Franklin Drilon, Francis Pangilinan and Bam Aquino and opposition-allied Risa Hontiveros (Akbayan). Drilon was removed as Senate President Pro-Tempore, Pangilinan was relieved as agriculture committee chairman, and Aquino was sacked as education committee chairman. Hontiveros was also removed as health committee head. The revamp prompted the LP senators to shift to the minority bloc. De Lima later joined them. Senator Ralph Recto, who used to be the Senate Minority Leader, was elected to replace Drilon as Senate President Pro-Tempore.[69]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Before
election 		Senate bloc colspan=17 bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color| Majority bloc colspan=6 bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color| Minority bloc
Party bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:United Nationalist Alliance/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:United Nationalist Alliance/meta/color |‡ ‡ bgcolor=Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color |‡ bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Akbayan Citizens' Action Party/meta/color |
Election result Not up bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color |Ind bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color |NPC bgcolor=Template:Hugpong ng Pagbabago/meta/color colspan=9|Hugpong ng Pagbabago bgcolor=Template:United Nationalist Alliance/meta/color|UNA Not up
After
election 		Party bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Independent/meta/color |√ bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color |* bgcolor=Template:Lakas–CMD/meta/color |* bgcolor=Template:Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino/meta/color |√ bgcolor=Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color |√ bgcolor=Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color |* bgcolor=Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color |+ bgcolor=Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color |√ bgcolor=Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color |* bgcolor=Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color |* bgcolor=Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color |* bgcolor=Template:United Nationalist Alliance/meta/color |√ bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color | bgcolor=Template:Akbayan Citizens' Action Party/meta/color |
Senate bloc colspan=20 bgcolor=Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color| Majority bloc colspan=4 bgcolor=Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color| Minority bloc

Key:

  • ‡ Seats up
  • * Gained by a party from another party
  • √ Held by the incumbent
  • + Held by the same party with a new senator

Per candidate

First-placer per province in the Philippines during the Senate election 2019
Map showing how many HNP Candidates won per province or city

Winning candidates were proclaimed on May 22. JV Ejercito and Bam Aquino became the first incumbents to campaign and not be reelected since 2016, when Serge Osmeña and TG Guingona lost. Two losing Incumbents tied the most number of Incumbents who campaigned and lost reelection since 2004.

Four former senators, Jinggoy Estrada, Mar Roxas, Serge Osmeña, and Juan Ponce Enrile, lost in their bids to reenter the Senate.

Four neophytes won election: Bong Go, Ronald dela Rosa, Imee Marcos and Francis Tolentino. Go and dela Rosa won their first elections.

Three former senators were elected back to the Senate: Pia Cayetano, Lito Lapid and Bong Revilla.

Five Incumbents won reelection: Cynthia Villar, Grace Poe, Sonny Angara, Koko Pimentel and Nancy Binay.

Nine candidates in the Hugpong ng Pagbabago slate won. None of the Otso Diretso candidates won, while three won who were not from either slate.

CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
Cynthia VillarHugpong ng PagbabagoNacionalista Party25,283,72753.46
Grace PoeIndependent22,029,78846.58
Bong GoHugpong ng PagbabagoPDP–Laban20,657,70243.68
Pia CayetanoHugpong ng PagbabagoNacionalista Party19,789,01941.84
Ronald dela RosaHugpong ng PagbabagoPDP–Laban19,004,22540.18
Sonny AngaraHugpong ng PagbabagoLaban ng Demokratikong Pilipino18,161,86238.40
Lito LapidNationalist People's Coalition16,965,46435.87
Imee MarcosHugpong ng PagbabagoNacionalista Party15,882,62833.58
Francis TolentinoHugpong ng PagbabagoPDP–Laban15,510,02632.79
Koko PimentelHugpong ng PagbabagoPDP–Laban14,668,66531.01
Bong RevillaHugpong ng PagbabagoLakas–CMD14,624,44530.92
Nancy BinayUnited Nationalist Alliance14,504,93630.67
JV EjercitoHugpong ng PagbabagoNationalist People's Coalition14,313,72730.26
Bam AquinoOtso DiretsoLiberal Party14,144,92329.91
Jinggoy EstradaHugpong ng PagbabagoPwersa ng Masang Pilipino11,359,30524.02
Mar RoxasOtso DiretsoLiberal Party9,843,28820.81
Serge OsmeñaIndependent9,455,20219.99
Willie OngLakas–CMD7,616,26516.10
Dong MangudadatuHugpong ng PagbabagoPDP–Laban7,499,60415.86
Jiggy ManicadHugpong ng PagbabagoIndependent6,896,88914.58
Chel DioknoOtso DiretsoLiberal Party6,342,93913.41
Juan Ponce EnrilePwersa ng Masang Pilipino5,319,29811.25
Gary AlejanoOtso DiretsoLiberal Party4,726,6529.99
Neri ColmenaresLabor WinMakabayan4,683,9429.90
Samira GutocOtso DiretsoLiberal Party4,345,2529.19
Romulo MacalintalOtso DiretsoIndependent4,007,3398.47
Erin TañadaOtso DiretsoLiberal Party3,870,5298.18
Larry GadonKatipunan ng Demokratikong PilipinoKilusang Bagong Lipunan3,487,7807.37
Florin HilbayOtso DiretsoAksyon Demokratiko2,757,8795.83
Freddie AguilarIndependent2,580,2305.46
Glenn ChongKatipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino2,534,3355.36
Rafael Alunan IIIBagumbayan–VNP2,059,3594.35
Faisal MangondatoKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent1,988,7194.20
Agnes EscuderoKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent1,545,9853.27
Diosdado PadillaPartido Federal ng Pilipinas1,095,3372.32
Ernesto ArellanoLabor WinIndependent937,7131.98
Allan MontañoLabor WinIndependent923,4191.95
Leody de GuzmanLabor WinPartido Lakas ng Masa893,5061.89
Melchor ChavezLabor Party Philippines764,4731.62
Vanjie AbejoKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent656,0061.39
Edmundo CasiñoKatipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino580,8531.23
Abner AfuangLabor Party Philippines559,0011.18
Shariff Ibrahim AlbaniLabor Party Philippines496,8551.05
Dan RoledaUnited Nationalist Alliance469,8400.99
Conrado GenerosoKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent449,7850.95
Nur-Ana SahidullaKatipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino444,0960.94
Abraham JangaoIndependent434,6970.92
Marcelino AriasLabor Party Philippines404,5130.86
Richard AlfajoraKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent404,5130.86
Sonny MatulaLabor Party Philippines/Labor Win400,3390.85
Elmer FranciscoPartido Federal ng Pilipinas395,4270.84
Joan Sheelah NalliwKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent390,1650.82
Gerald ArcegaLabor Party Philippines383,7490.81
Butch ValdesKatipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino367,8510.78
Jesus CaceresKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent358,4720.76
Bernard AustriaPartido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas347,0130.73
Jonathan BaldevaronaIndependent310,4110.66
Emily MallillinKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent304,2150.64
Charlie GaddiKatipunan ng Kamalayang KayumanggiIndependent286,3610.61
RJ JavellanaKatipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino258,5380.55
Junbert GuigayumaLabor Party Philippines240,3060.51
Luther MenianoLabor Party Philippines159,7740.34
Total362,179,156100.00
Total votes47,296,442–
Registered voters/turnout63,643,26374.31
Source: COMELEC
  1. ^ President Rodrigo Duterte has excluded Estrada and Revilla from this lineup due to their involvement in the 2013 Priority Development Assistance Fund scam.[50]

Per coalition

Some candidates appear in more than one slate, and will be counted for those slates.

style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #CE1126;" data-sort-value="Hugpong ng Pagbabago" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FE4D00;" data-sort-value="United Nationalist Alliance" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00039F;" data-sort-value="Labor Party Philippines" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0D5F31;" data-sort-value="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
Coalition Total votes % Seats
won		 %
HNP 203,023,825 56.2% 9 75%
Otso Diretso 50,038,801 13.8% 0 0%
UNA 14,974,776 4.1% 1 4%
Labor Win 7,838,919 2.2% 0 0%
KDP 7,673,453 2.1% 0 0%
Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi 7,321,934 2.0% 0 0%
WPP 3,409,010 0.9% 0 0%
PFP 1,490,764 0.9% 0 0%
Parties with one candidate and others 37,884,847 10.5% 1 4%
Independents not in coalitions 35,733,747 9.9% 1 4%
Totals 361,551,157 100% 12 100%
Vote share
Hugpong
 
 56.2%
Otso Diretso
 
 13.8%
UNA
 
 4.1%
Others
 
 22.7%
Independents
 
 9.9%
Senate seats
Hugpong
 
 75.0%
Otso Diretso
 
 0.0%
UNA
 
 8.3%
Others
 
 8.3%
Independents
 
 8.3%

Per party

Template:2019 Philippine Senate election

Vote share
PDP–Laban
 
 21.22%
NP
 
 16.86%
LP
 
 11.97%
NPC
 
 8.65%
Lakas
 
 6.15%
LDP
 
 5.02%
PMP
 
 4.61%
UNA
 
 4.14%
Independent
 
 14.92%
Others
 
 6.45%
Senate seats
PDP–Laban
 
 33.33%
NP
 
 25.00%
LP
 
 0%
NPC
 
 8.33%
Lakas
 
 8.33%
LDP
 
 8.33%
PMP
 
 0%
UNA
 
 8.33%
Independent
 
 8.33%
Others
 
 0%

See also

Controversial media portrayals of senatorial candidates before the start of campaign period (February 12, 2019):

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Term of Office and Privileges". Senate of the Philippines.
  2. ^ "Election for Senado (Philippine Senate)". Election Guide. Archived from the original on May 16, 2019.
  3. ^ "Duterte, Robredo win 2016 polls". ABS-CBN News. May 27, 2016.
  4. ^ "Marcos protests Robredo victory on eve of oath-taking". Rappler. June 29, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  5. ^ "Pimentel elected as Senate president | Philstar.com". philstar.com. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  6. ^ "Sotto elected Senate president". ABS-CBN News. May 21, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  7. ^ "Only PDP-Laban, NP members can be on 2019 Senate slate – Speaker". InterAksyon. October 11, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  8. ^ Alvarez, Kathrina Sharmaine (November 17, 2017). "Mocha, Roque to run for Senate in 2019 under PDP-Laban —Alvarez". GMA News. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  9. ^ Cupin, Bea (February 15, 2018). "Alvarez wants Bong Go in PDP–Laban Senate slate". Rappler. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  10. ^ Ager, Maila (April 19, 2018). "Who are PDP-Laban's possible Senate bets for 2019? Koko shows the 20 names". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  11. ^ Salaverria, Leila B. (August 17, 2017). "PDP–Laban asks Duterte to pick Senate bets". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  12. ^ a b "Pangilinan disowns 'LP list' of Senate 'bets'". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  13. ^ "Magsaysay belies report he will run under LP in 2019". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  14. ^ Yap, DJ (March 31, 2018). "LP scrambles to complete its senatorial slate for 2019 elections". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  15. ^ a b Meneses, Tristan (April 9, 2018). "Trillanes won't seek public office in 2019, says Magdalo to coalesce with 3 groups for opposition slate - DZRH News". DZRH News. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  16. ^ "Liberal Party, other groups urge Mar Roxas to run for senator". Rappler.
  17. ^ News, ABS-CBN. "Liberal Party eyes Agot Isidro in 2019 Senate slate". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 21, 2018. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  18. ^ News, ABS-CBN. "Magdalo's Alejano to run for senator in 2019". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved July 3, 2018. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  19. ^ News, ABS-CBN. "Robredo-led 'united opposition' to release senatorial slate in September". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved July 10, 2018. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  20. ^ "Roxas still unsure of 2019 Senate run | Philstar.com". philstar.com. August 19, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  21. ^ Elemia, Camille (2018-09-11). "LIST: Opposition reveals 18 possible names for 2019 Senate slate". rappler.com. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  22. ^ "Benigno Aquino III, Leni Robredo endorse opposition Senate 12". philstar.com. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
  23. ^ News, ABS-CBN. "Opposition is 'alive': VP Robredo launches Senate ticket". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2019-02-25. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  24. ^ "FILIPINOS CROSS DIFFERENCES IN GENUINE SHARING OF STORIES THROUGH PROJECT MAKINIG". Liberal Party of the Philippines. 2018-11-26. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
  25. ^ Elemia, Camille (June 17, 2017). "Danding Cojuangco returns as NPC chairman ahead of 2019 elections". Rappler. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  26. ^ "'Friends of the party' in initial NPC senatorial lineup". Rappler. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  27. ^ Torres, Sherrie Ann (July 30, 2018). "JV Ejercito, Lito Lapid jump ship to NPC, says Sotto". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  28. ^ Cruz, RG (July 27, 2018). "Sara Duterte's Hugpong ng Pagbabago to forge alliances with other parties". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  29. ^ Ranada, Pia (August 13, 2018). "Hugpong ng Pagbabago seals alliance with NP, NPC, NUP". Rappler. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  30. ^ https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/29/18/imee-marcos-pia-cayetano-cynthia-villar-are-nacionalistas-2019-senatorial-bets
  31. ^ http://www.dwiz882am.com/index.php/binuong-partido-federal-ng-pilipinas-pormal-nang-inilunsad/
  32. ^ https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/metro/2018/10/09/1858454/partido-federal-ng-pilipinas-pormal-nang-inilunsad-sa-qc
  33. ^ Gomez, Carla P (2018-06-25). "Hinlo Partido Federal head". visayandailystar.com. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  34. ^ https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/10/18/1861155/list-senate-hopefuls-who-filed-cocs-2019-midterm-polls
  35. ^ Lo, Ricky (April 20, 2018). "Movie stars hope to shine in 2019 polls | Philstar.com". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  36. ^ Elemia, Camille (October 12, 2018). "Chiz Escudero running for Sorsogon governor in 2019". Rappler. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
  37. ^ "Gringo Honasan 'most likely' to be named DICT secretary". InterAksyon. December 5, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  38. ^ Torres, Sherrie Ann. "Honasan as DICT chief? 'I cannot answer'". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  39. ^ Tubeza, Philip C. "Legarda eyed for DSWD post after Senate term ends in 2019".
  40. ^ Yap, Tara (October 17, 2018). "Legarda to run as Antique congresswoman". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  41. ^ "NOT A RESIDENT? | Sen. Legarda facing possible disqualification for 2019 Congress bid". News5. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  42. ^ Romero, Paolo. "Loren Legarda's voter registration transfer to Antique OK'd | Philstar.com". philstar.com. No. November 2, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  43. ^ "Cayetano says wife Lani eyes Congress seat, too". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  44. ^ "Otso Diretso urges Comelec to set rules for public debate". ABS-CBN News.
  45. ^ "Otso Diretso asks Comelec to organize debate with Hugpong ng Pagbabago". The Philippine Star.
  46. ^ "Sara Duterte: Otso Diretso bets 'fixated' on debates". The Philippine Star.
  47. ^ "Sara Duterte wants organized, not 'palengke-style' debates". The Philippine Star.
  48. ^ "Comelec denies Otso Diretso request for debate with Hugpong". The Philippine Star.
  49. ^ http://www.comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2019NLE/ListsOfCandidates/CertifiedListofCandidates/NATIONAL/SENATORS.pdf
  50. ^ "Duterte excludes 'pork'-tagged ex-senators Estrada, Revilla in own lineup". ABS-CBN News. February 15, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
  51. ^ https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/06/1891374/list-certified-senatorial-candidates-2019-elections
  52. ^ "Grace Poe leads 2019 Senate survey; Sara Duterte in Magic 12". Philippine Star. January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
  53. ^ a b c "March 2018 Nationwide Survey on the May 2019 Senatorial Elections – Pulse Asia Research Inc". www.pulseasia.ph.
  54. ^ a b c d "June 2018 Nationwide Survey on the May 2019 Senatorial Elections – Pulse Asia Research Inc". www.pulseasia.ph.
  55. ^ a b "September 2018 Nationwide Survey on the May 2019 Senatorial Elections – Pulse Asia Research Inc". www.pulseasia.ph. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  56. ^ a b c Stations, Social Weather. "Social Weather Stations | SWS survey on enatorial preferences reported in Inquirer.net (10/12/2018) was sponsored by Mr. Alde Joselito Pagulayan". www.sws.org.ph. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  57. ^ a b c "Social Weather Stations | SWS survey on senatorial preferences reported in Philippine Star (10/11/2018) was sponsored by Sec. Francis Tolentino". www.sws.org.ph. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
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  60. ^ a b c "April 2019 Nationwide Survey on the May 2019 Senatorial Elections". Pulse Asia.
  61. ^ a b c "May 2019 Nationwide Survey on the May 2019 Senatorial Elections and Party-List Representatives". Pulse Asia.
  62. ^ Cepeda, Mara (September 21, 2018). "Rectos leave Liberal Party, join Nacionalista Party". Rappler. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  63. ^ "JV Ejercito leaves father Erap's party, takes oath as NPC member". ABS-CBN News. October 10, 2018. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
  64. ^ "SC affirms hold departure orders vs Cebu Rep. Gwen Garcia". ABS-CBN News.
  65. ^ "Trillanes avails of amnesty, admits 'breaking rules'". GMA News Online.
  66. ^ "Federalism in PH – what Duterte's party is proposing". Rappler. September 29, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
  67. ^ Ager, Maila (January 18, 2018). "Poe rallies senators vs moves to weaken Senate in Cha-cha plans". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  68. ^ Ager, Maila (July 25, 2016). "Koko Pimentel takes Senate presidency by 20-3 vote". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  69. ^ Elemia, Camille (February 27, 2017). "Senate ousts Drilon, LP senators from key posts". Rappler. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
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