List of massacres in Azerbaijan
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The following lists are of massacres that have occurred in Azerbaijan (numbers may be approximate).
Before 1988
Name | Year | Date | Location | Deaths | Targeted group | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Battle of Ganja (1804) | 1804 | February | Ganja | 3,000[1]-7,000[2] | Azeri inhabitants of Ganja | Civilians were massacred during the capture of the city by the Russians; some of the captured soldiers were executed[3] |
Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907 | 1905– 1907 | February | Baku; Nakhichevan; Shusha; Tiflis | 3,000-10,000 | Armenians, Azeris | |
Shamkhor Massacre | 1918 | January | Şəmkir | 1,000 | armed Russian soldiers | Russian soldiers killed by Azerbaijani nationalists[4][5][6] |
March Days | 1918 | March 30-April 2 | Azerbaijan | 12,000-25,000 | Azeris | Azeris and other Muslim civilians were killed by members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Bolsheviks.[8][8] |
September Days | 1918 | September | Baku | 10,000-15,000 | Armenians | Armenians killed by the Army of Islam;[9][10] victims include small children, and many robberies and rapes took place during the massacre[11] |
Khaibalikend Massacre | 1919 | June 5-7 | Nagorno-Karabakh | 600-700 | Armenians | Armenians killed by armed ethnic Azeri and Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers;[12] many women and children were killed, bodies were dumped into water wells, and the villages of Khaibalikend, Jamillu, Karkujahan and Pahliul were destroyed[13][14] |
Shusha pogrom | 1920 | March 22–26 | Shusha | 500[15][16] | Armenians | Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis; many children were killed and many women were raped |
1920 Ganja Revolt | 1920 | June | Ganja | 15,000 | Azeris | Bolsheviks slaughtered civilians including women and children after the capture of rebel Ganja. Many women were raped and Koran were burnt.[17][18] |
Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994)
The following is a list of massacres and pogroms, which took place in the course of the Nagorno-Karabakh War between Armenians and Azerbaijanis.
Name | Year | Date | Location | Deaths | Targeted group | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sumgait pogrom | 1988 | February 27-March 1 | Sumgait | 32 (26 Armenians and 6 Azeris[19]) Armenian claims: +200[19] |
Armenians | Armenians killed by Azeris; 20 ambulances were destroyed,[20] and reports detail widespread rape,[21] mutilation, robberies, and disembowling of fetuses[22][23] |
Kirovabad pogrom | 1988 | November | Kirovabad | 7[24] (3 Soviet Soldiers, 3 Armenians and 1 Azeri[25]) Armenian claims: +130 | Armenians | Victims include Soviet soldiers, Azeris and Armenians |
Baku Pogrom | 1990 | January 13 | Baku | 90 | Armenians | Armenians killed by Azeris; many incidents of rape, robbery, and torture;[26] 700 injured[27][28] |
Black January | 1990 | January 19–20 | Baku, Azerbaijan | 133-137 | Peaceful protesters of the Azerbaijani national independence movement | Killed by Soviet troops; ambulance workers rushing to help the wounded and random by-passers, including women and children, among the dead |
Siege of Stepanakert | 1991-1992 | November-May 9 | Stepanakert | 169 | Armenians | Armenians killed by Azeris |
Malibeyli and Gushchular Massacre | 1992 | February 10–12 | Malibeyli, Ashaghi Gushchular, Yukhari Gushchular villages of Shusha Rayon | 8 (According to Helsinki Watch[29]) or 15-50 (According to Azeri sources[29]) | Azeris | Azeris killed by Armenian irregular armed units[29] |
Capture of Garadaghly | 1992 | February 17 | Qaradağlı, Khojavend | 20-90 | Azeris | Azeris killed by Armenian Troops[30] |
Khojaly Massacre | 1992 | February 25—26 | Xocalı, Azerbaijan | 161-[31]613[32] | Azeris | Azeris killed by Armenian Troops; many women and children among the dead[33] |
Ağdaban Massacre | 1992 | April 8 | Ağdaban, Kalbajar | 67 | Azeris | Azeris killed by Armenian troops |
Maraga Massacre | 1992 | April 10 | Maraga | 40-100 | Armenians | Armenians killed, many decapitated; bodies were buried in a mass grave outside the village[34] |
Capture of Shusha | 1992 | May 8-9 | Shusha | 193 (Azerbaijani claims) | Azeris | Azeris killed by Armenians |
Ballıqaya Massacre | 1992 | August 28 | Ballıqaya, Goranboy | 24 | Azeris | Azeris killed by Armenian troops |
Başlıbel Massacre | 1993 | April 2-August | Başlıbel | 27 | Azeris | Azeris killed by Armenian troops[35] |
References
- ^ Peter Avery; William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (1991-10-25). The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge University Press. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0.
- ^ Mansoori, Firooz (2008). "17". Studies in History,Language and Culture of Azerbaijan (in Persian). Tehran: Hazar-e Kerman. p. 245. ISBN 978-600-90271-1-8.
- ^ THE SIEGE AND ASSAULT OF FORTRESS GANJA ,(in Russian)
- ^ The formation of the Soviet Union: communism and nationalism, 1917-1923 By Richard Pipes - page 103
- ^ the Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 39 by Joseph L. Wieczynski - page 170
- ^ Wladimir S. Woytinsky: La Democratie. p. 113
- ^ Michael Smith. "Pamiat' ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo/Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani. National Memory". Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia: obshchestva i gosudarstva (Azerbaijan and Russia: Societies and States) (in Russian). Sakharov Center. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ a b "New Republics in the Caucasus". The New York Times Current History. 11 (2): 492. March 1920.
- ^ Hovannisian. Armenia on the Road to Independence, p. 227.
- ^ Human Rights Watch. Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995.
- ^ Walker. Armenia, p. 261.
- ^ Hovannisian, Richard. The Republic of Armenia: Vol. I, The First Year, 1918-1919. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, pp. 176-177, notes 51-52.
- ^ (in Armenian) Vratsian, Simon. Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն (The Republic of Armenia). Paris: H.H.D. Amerikayi Publishing, 1928, pp. 286-87.
- ^ Hovannisian. Republic of Armenia, Vol. I, p. 181.
- ^ Richard G. Hovannisian. The Republic of Armenia, Vol. III: From London to Sèvres, February–August 1920
- ^ Thomas de Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War. ISBN 0-8147-1944-9
- ^ The I.L.P.'s ALLIES. Soviet Massacre in the Caucasus // Western Gazette. — 1920. — 1 June. — page 12.
- ^ 15,000 massacred // Cheltenham Chronicle. — 1920. — 2 June. — page 4
- ^ a b "Sumgayıt Pogromu - Vikipedi". tr.m.wikipedia.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-02-28.
- ^ (in Russian) "Сумгаит, Один месяц поздно" ("Sumgait, One Month Later"). Moskovskiye Novosti. April 13, 1988.
- ^ Shahmuratian. Sumgait Tragedy, Interview with Levon Akopyan, p. 227.
- ^ Lee, Gary. "Eerie Silence Hangs Over Soviet City." Washington Post. September 4, 1988. p. A33. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
- ^ Ein Volk, ein Land. DER SPIEGEL 13/1988
- ^ Parks, Michael (November 27, 1988). "Soviet Tells of Blocking Slaughter of Armenians: General Reports His Soldiers Have Suppressed Dozens of Massacre Attempts by Azerbaijanis". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- ^ "Pogrom - Wikipedia". en.m.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
- ^ Committee on the elimination of discrimination against women
- ^ Europa World Year: Book 1 - Page 638, Taylor & Francis Group
- ^ Thomas de Waal: Black Garden - Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York University Press, 2003, p. 90
- ^ a b c Denber, Rachel; Goldman, Robert K. (1992). Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Praeger Publishers. pp. 24–27. ISBN 0-275-96241-5. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
Kalbajar.
Cite error: The named reference "HW" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ "Letter dated 20 May 2005 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
- ^ "Human Rights Watch World Report 1993 – The Former Soviet Union". Hrw.org. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
- ^ "Hocalı Katliamı - Vikipedi". tr.m.wikipedia.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-02-28.
- ^ Letter from the Charge d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Azerbaijan to the United Nations Office Archived 2012-02-17 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 20 August 2013
- ^ Cox, Caroline and John Eibner. Ethnic Cleansing in Progress: War in Nagorno Karabakh. Zurich and Washington D.C.: Institute for Religious Minorities in the Islamic World, p. 58, 1993.
- ^ Erməni zülmünün Başlıbel - "Qanlı kaha" səhifəsi