Mastiff

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For other uses, see Mastiff (disambiguation).
The Mastiff by Philip Reinagle, 1805

A mastiff is a large and powerful type of dog.[1][2] Mastiffs are among the largest dogs, and typically have a short coat, a long low-set tail and large feet; the skull is large and bulky, the muzzle broad and short (brachycephalic), and the ears drooping and pendant-shaped.[1][2] European and Asian records dating back 3000 years show dogs of mastiff type.[3] Mastiffs have historically been guard dogs, protecting homes and property, although throughout history they have been used as hunting dogs, war dogs and for blood sports, fighting each other and such animals as bears, lions and bulls.[2][3]

Historical and archaeological evidence suggests that mastiffs have long been distinct in both form and function from the similarly large livestock guardian dogs;[2] they also appear to be genetically distinct.[4] The Fédération Cynologique Internationale and some kennel clubs group the two types together as molossoid dogs; some modern livestock guardian breeds such as the Pyrenean Mastiff, the Spanish Mastiff and the Tibetan Mastiff have the word "mastiff" in their name.

Many older English sources refer to mastiffs as bandogs or bandogges, although technically the term "bandog" meant a dog that was tethered by a chain (or "bande") that would be released at night, the terms mastiff and bandog were used interchangeably.[5][6] In the 20th century, the term bandog has been revived to describe some lines of large mastiff type guard dogs.[5]

List of mastiff breeds

Extant breeds

Breed Alternate name(s) Country of origin Use Image
Aksaray Malaklisi Turkish Mastiff and
Central Anatolian Shepherd		 Turkey Guard dog and
livestock guardian
Alano Español Spanish Alano and
Spanish Bulldog		 Spain Bull-baiting and
big game hunting
Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog - United States Guard dog
American Bulldog Old Southern White Bulldog,
Old Southern White,
English White Bulldog,
White English,
Hill Bulldog and
Country Bulldog		 United States Guard dog,
catch dog and
farm dog
American Bully Am. Bully and
Bully		 United States Companion dog
American Mastiff - United States Guard dog
Boerboel South African Mastiff South Africa Guard dog
Boxer German Boxer and
Deutscher Boxer		 Germany Guard dog and
big game hunting
Broholmer Danish Broholmer and
Danish Mastiff		 Denmark Guard dog
Bulldog English Bulldog and
British Bulldog		 England Companion dog
Bullmastiff - England Guard dog
Campeiro Bulldog Brazilian Bulldog,
Countryside Bulldog and
Pampas Bulldog		 Brazil Catch dog used in slaughterhouses
Cane Corso Italian Mastiff,
Italian Corso Dog,
Italian Corso and
Cane Corso Italiano		 Italy Guard dog and
catch dog
Cane da Presa Meridionale Italy Guard dog and
catch dog
Cão Fila de São Miguel São Miguel Cattle Dog,
Chien Fila de San Miguel,
Saint Miguel Cattle Dog,
Azores Cattle Dog and
Azores Cow Dog		 Portugal Cattle-herding dog and
catch dog
Cimarrón Uruguayo Cimarron,
Uruguayan Cimarron,
Cimarron Creole,
Maroon Dog,
Cerro Largo Dog,
Perro Cimarron and
Cimarron Dog		 Uruguay Guard dog
Dogo Argentino Argentine Dogo and
Argentine Mastiff		 Argentina Guard dog and
big game hunting
Dogo Guatemalteco Guatemalan Dogo,
Guatemalan Bull Terrier and
Bullterrier Guatemalteco		 Guatemala Guard dog
Dogue Brasileiro Brazilian Dogo and
Brazilian Dogge		 Brazil Guard dog
Dogue de Bordeaux French Mastiff,
Bordeaux Mastiff and
Bordeauxdog		 France Guard dog
English Mastiff Old English Mastiff and
Mastiff		 England Guard dog
Fila Brasileiro Brazilian Mastiff and
Cão de Fila Brasileiro		 Brazil Guard dog
French Bulldog Bouledogue Francais France Lap dog
Gran Mastín de Borínquen Puerto Rican Mastiff,
Mastín Borincano,
Becerillo de Borinquen and
Perro Barsino de Hacienda		 Puerto Rico Guard dog and
hunting dog
Great Dane Deutsche Dogge,
German Mastiff and
German Boarhound		 Germany Big game hunting
Neapolitan Mastiff Mastino,
Mastino Napoletano,
Italian Molosso and
Can'e presa		 Italy Guard dog
Olde English Bulldogge - The United States A re-creation of the extinct
Old English Bulldog
Perro de Presa Canario Canary Mastiff,
Canary Catch Dog,
Canarian Molosser,
Presa Canario and
Dogo Canario		 The Canary Islands Guard dog,
catch dog and
dog fighting
Perro de Presa Mallorquin Ca de Bou,
Majorcan Mastiff,
Mallorquin Mastiff,
Mallorquin,
Perro Dogo,
Presa Canario Mallorquin,
Dogo Mallorquin,
Majorcan Bulldog,
Mallorquin Bulldog and
Silverback Mastiff		 Spain Bull-baiting
Serrano Bulldog Brazilian Mountain Bulldog and
Mountaineer Bulldog		 Brazil Herding dog used in slaughterhouses
Tibetan Mastiff Dogs-Khyi and
Tsang-Khyi		 China Guard dog and
livestock guardian
Tosa Tosa Inu,
Tosa Ken,
Tosa Tōken,
Japanese Fighting Dog,
Tosa Fighting Dog,
Japanese Mastiff and
Japanese Tosa		 Japan Dog fighting

Extinct breeds

Breed Alternate name(s) Country or region of origin Era Use Image
Alaunt Alaunt de Boucherie Europe and Central Asia Classical antiquity and
the Middle Ages		 Hunting,
guarding and
dog fighting
Alpine Mastiff Barry Dog and
Saint Dog		 The Swiss Alps Classical antiquity to 19th century Guarding
Bandog Bandogge England 14th to 19th centuries Guarding
Bullenbeisser Barenbeisser and
German Bulldog		 Germany Extinct by World War II Bull-baiting and
bear-baiting
Cordoba Fighting Dog Cordoba Dog,
Cordobese dog and
Perro de Pelea Cordobes		 Argentina Extinct after the 1920s Dog fighting
Dogo Cubano Cuban Mastiff,
Cuban Dogo and
Cuban Dogge		 Cuba 16th to late 19th century Recapturing runaway slaves
Fila da Terceira Terceira Mastiff and
Cão de Fila da Terceira		 Portugal Declared extinct in 1970;
being re-created		 Catch dog
Molossus Southern Europe Classical antiquity War dogs,
hunting,
guarding and
dog fighting
Old English Bulldog Great Britain and Ireland 17th to 19th century Bull-baiting and
dog fighting
Toy Bulldog Miniature Bulldog and
English Toy Bulldog		 England 18th to early 20th century Lap dogs

References

  1. ^ a b Oxford Dictionaries 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d Young & Bannasch 2007, p. 49.
  3. ^ a b Encyclopædia Brittanica 2019.
  4. ^ Parker 2012, p. 45.
  5. ^ a b Fogle (2009), p. 36.
  6. ^ Wynn (2011).

Bibliography

  • Fogle, Bruce (2009). The Encyclopedia of the Dog. New York: DK Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7566-6004-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Encyclopædia Brittanica (2019). "Mastiff: Breed of dog". www.britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 9 September 2019. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Parker, Heidi G. (2012). "Chapter 3: The history and relationship of dog breeds". In Ostrander, Elaine A.; Ruvinsky, Anatoly (eds.). The genetics of the dog. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CAPI books. pp. 38–53. ISBN 9781845939403. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Oxford Dictionaries (2019). "Mastiff". Lexico.com. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 9 September 2019. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Wynn, M. B. (2011). History of the mastiff: gathered from sculpture, pottery, carvings, paintings and engravings. Read Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4465-4892-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Young, Amy; Bannasch, Danika (2007). "Chapter 4: Morphological variation in the dog". In Ostrander, Elaine A.; Giger, Urs; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin (eds.). The dog and its genome. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 47–66. ISBN 9780879697815. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

  • Media related to Mastiff at Wikimedia Commons
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