Authenticity and Development Front
This article needs to be updated.(December 2018) |
Authenticity and Development Front جبهة الأصالة والتنمية[1] Jabhat al-Aisalat wal-Tanmia | |
---|---|
Leaders | Khalid al-Hamad [1] |
Dates of operation | November 2012 – present[2] |
Group(s) | Unification Army[3] Lions of the East Army (Former)[4] The White Shroud |
Active regions | |
Ideology | Sunni Islamism[8] |
Part of | Mujahideen Shura Council (2014–2015) Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army
|
Allies | Turkey Saudi Arabia Jordan File:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg Tahrir al-Sham Jaysh al-Islam Ahrar al-Sham Saraya Ahl al-Sham |
Opponents | Syria Iran Russia Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[5] Hezbollah PFLP-GC Syrian Democratic Forces |
Battles and wars | Syrian Civil War |
The Authenticity and Development Front (Arabic: جبهة الأصالة والتنمية; Jabhat al-Aisalat wal-Tanmia) is a Saudi Arabia-backed alliance of rebel groups that was active during the Syrian Civil War.
Background
The coalition includes Islamists, military defectors, and former civilian rebels.[8][9][12] Although the alliance uses Syrian independence flags and symbols, it does not identify itself as part of the Free Syrian Army.[13] One of the groups involved was the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, which was also part of the Army of Mujahideen,[8] though the Army of Mujahideen announced on 4 May 2014 that the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement had withdrawn from the coalition.[14] The Authenticity and Development Front operated American-made BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles captured from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[15]
Member Groups
Current
- The White Shroud
- Army of Tawhid[16]
- Tajamuu Alwiyat al-Iman Billah
- Liwa Hamah al-Aqidah
- Tajamuu Jund al-Badr Brigade 313
- Lions of Islam Brigade
- Talbisah Brigade
- Falcons of Talbisah Brigade
- Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan Brigade
- Sword of Islam Battalion
- Tajamuu Alwiyat wa Kataib Suyuf al-Haq
- Allahu Akbar Battalions[17]
- Battalions of the People of Impact[18]
- Abd Al-Rahman Battalions[19]
- Miqdad Bin al-Aswad Battalion[20]
- Division 60
- Jund al-Sham[21]
Former Groups
- Lions of the East Army
- Liwa Basha’ir al-Nasr[22]
- Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement
- Liwa al-Fatah al-Mubin (Formerly part of the Allahu Akbar Battalions)[23]
- Ibn Taymiyyah Mujahideen Brigades (Joined Ahrar al-Sham)[24]
See also
References
- ^ a b "The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria". Combating Terrorism Center. 27 August 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ Sinjab, Lina (17 October 2013). "Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition". BBC. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "Northern Homs based rebel group joins Authenticity and Development Front". Archived from the original on 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
- ^ http://en.deirezzor24.net/the-authenticity-and-development-front-cuts-all-of-its-ties-with-the-new-syrian-army/
- ^ a b "ثوار القلمون يطردون تنظيم "الدولة" من مناطق جديدة". الدرر الشامية.
- ^ "Syria Direct: News Update 4-20-15". Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ "Analysis: Insurgents launch major offensive against Assad regime in Hama province - FDD's Long War Journal". FDD's Long War Journal.
- ^ a b c "The Mujahedeen Army of Aleppo". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ a b "The Levant Front: Can Aleppo's Rebels Unite?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 26 December 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- ^ https://malcolmxtreme.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/soldiers-killed-by-rebels-in-jobar-9-29-2014.jpg
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpmHh9ZJTVw
- ^ "The Fighting in Abu Kamal (Albukamal): Background and Analysis". Brown Moses Blog. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "The Factions of Abu Kamal". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- ^ "Jeish al-Mujahideen Charter – Comment and Translation". Goha's Nail. 4 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "THE MODERATE REBELS: A GROWING LIST OF VETTED GROUPS FIELDING BGM-71 TOW ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILES". Hasan Mustafas. 5 August 2015.
- ^ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CEfJeg8XIAAM6BN.png
- ^ https://www.meforum.org/3699/abu-kamal-factions
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20190729190920/https://twitter.com/alasalawatanmya/status/968542562976968704?s=20
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20190729191142/https://twitter.com/alasalawatanmya/status/857214764501442560?s=20
- ^ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C9xpv0jWsAAWzT4?format=jpg&name=small
- ^ https://017qndpynh-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/FSA-friendly.jpg
- ^ http://www.mesop.de/the-white-shroud-a-syrian-resistance-movement-to-the-islamic-state-by-aymenn-jawad-al-tamimi/
- ^ http://www.aymennjawad.org/14756/key-updates-on-albukamal-abu-kamal
- ^ https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aI3yAmNGW1vLpJCOrhiVLqpUUIX9PG1RNsCqJGGfhxI/