Centre-right coalition (Italy)

Centre-right coalition

Coalizione di centrodestra
Centre-right coalition Coalizione di centrodestra
Leader(s)	Silvio Berlusconi; Matteo Salvini; Giorgia Meloni; Raffaele Fitto
Founded	18 January 1994
Political position	Centre-right
Colours	Blue
Chamber of Deputies	TBD
Senate	TBD
European Parliament	22 / 73
Regional Government	4 / 20
	Politics of Italy; Political parties; Elections;

Centre-right coalition (Italian: Coalizione di centrodestra) refers to a political alliance of political parties in Italy, active—under several forms and names—since 1994, when Silvio Berlusconi entered politics and formed his Forza Italia party.

In the 1994 general election, under the leadership of Berlusconi, the centre-right ran with two coalitions, the Pole of Freedoms in northern Italy and Tuscany (mainly Forza Italia and Lega Nord) and the Pole of Good Government (mainly Forza Italia and National Alliance) in central and southern Italy.^[1] In the 1996 general election, after Lega Nord had left in late 1994, the centre-right coalition took the name of Pole for Freedoms. Lega Nord returned in 2000, and the coalition was re-formed as the House of Freedoms; this lasted until 2008.^[2] Since 2008, when Forza Italia and National Alliance merged into The People of Freedom, the coalition has not had official names. The new Forza Italia was formed in late 2013, and, for the 2018 general election, joined forces with Lega Nord, the Brothers of Italy and a collection of mainly centrist forces named Us with Italy.

1994 general election

In the 1994 general election the Pole of Freedoms ran only in northern Italy and Tuscany. It was composed of four parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia/meta/color" \|	Forza Italia (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" \|	Lega Nord (LN)	Regionalism	Umberto Bossi
	Christian Democratic Centre (CCD)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	Union of the Centre (UdC)	Liberalism	Raffaele Costa

The Pole of Good Government ran only in central Italy (except Tuscany) and southern Italy. It was composed of six parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia/meta/color" \|	Forza Italia (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
bgcolor="Template:National Alliance (Italy)/meta/color" \|	National Alliance (AN)	National conservatism	Gianfranco Fini
	Christian Democratic Centre (CCD)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	Union of the Centre (UdC)	Liberalism	Raffaele Costa
	Liberal Democratic Pole (PLD)	Liberalism	Adriano Teso
	Pannella List (LP)	Liberalism	Marco Pannella

1996 general election

In the 1996 general election the Pole for Freedoms was composed of five parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia/meta/color" \|	Forza Italia (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
bgcolor="Template:National Alliance (Italy)/meta/color" \|	National Alliance (AN)	National conservatism	Gianfranco Fini
	Christian Democratic Centre^[a] (CCD)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	United Christian Democrats^[a] (CDU)	Christian democracy	Rocco Buttiglione
	Pannella–Sgarbi List	Liberalism	Marco Pannella

^ ^a ^b The two parties contested the election in a joint list.

2001 general election

In the 2001 general election the House of Freedoms was composed of seven parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia/meta/color" \|	Forza Italia (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
bgcolor="Template:National Alliance (Italy)/meta/color" \|	National Alliance (AN)	Conservatism	Gianfranco Fini
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" \|	Lega Nord^[a] (LN)	Regionalism	Umberto Bossi
	Christian Democratic Centre^[b] (CCD)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
	United Christian Democrats^[b] (CDU)	Christian democracy	Rocco Buttiglione
	New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI)	Social democracy	Gianni De Michelis
bgcolor="Template:Italian Republican Party/meta/color" \|	Italian Republican Party^[c] (PRI)	Liberalism	Giorgio La Malfa

^ Including also the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (see below).
^ ^a ^b The two parties contested the election in a joint list.
^ The party was included in Forza Italia's lists.

The coalition had three regional partners:

Region	Party		Ideology	Leader
Trentino	bgcolor="Template:Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party/meta/color" \|	Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (PATT)	Regionalism	Giacomo Bezzi
Sicily		New Sicily (NS)	Regionalism	Bartolo Pellegrino
Sardinia	bgcolor="Template:Sardinian Reformers/meta/color" \|	Sardinian Reformers (RS)	Regionalism	Massimo Fantola

2006 general election

In the 2006 general election the House of Freedoms was composed mainly of eleven parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia/meta/color" \|	Forza Italia (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
bgcolor="Template:National Alliance (Italy)/meta/color" \|	National Alliance (AN)	Conservatism	Gianfranco Fini
bgcolor="Template:Union of the Centre (2002)/meta/color" \|	Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC)	Christian democracy	Pier Ferdinando Casini
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" \|	Lega Nord^[a] (LN)	Regionalism	Umberto Bossi
bgcolor="Template:Movement for Autonomies/meta/color" \|	Movement for Autonomy^[a] (MpA)	Regionalism	Raffaele Lombardo
bgcolor="Template:Chrisitan Democracy for the Autonomies/meta/color" \|	Christian Democracy for the Autonomies^[b] (CDA)	Christian democracy	Gianfranco Rotondi
	New Italian Socialist Party^[b] (NPSI)	Social democracy	Gianni De Michelis
	Liberal Reformers^[c] (RL)	Liberalism	Benedetto Della Vedova
bgcolor="Template:Italian Republican Party/meta/color" \|	Italian Republican Party^[c] (PRI)	Liberalism	Francesco Nucara
	Social Alternative^[d] (AS)	Neo-fascism	Alessandra Mussolini
	Tricolour Flame (FT)	Neo-fascism	Luca Romagnoli

^ ^a ^b The two parties formed a joint list. The list included also the Sardinian Action Party (see below).
^ ^a ^b The two parties contested the election in a joint list.
^ ^a ^b The two parties were included in Forza Italia's lists.
^ Including Social Action, New Force and the National Front.

The coalition had one regional partner:

Region	Party		Ideology	Leader
Sardinia		Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az)	Sardinian nationalism	Giacomo Sanna

In late 2007 Berlusconi launched The People of Freedom, which was joined by FI, AN and minor parties,^[3] and continued its alliance with the LN.^[4]

2008 general election

In the 2008 general election the coalition was composed of three parties:

Party		Ideology	Leader
bgcolor="Template:The People of Freedom/meta/color" \|	The People of Freedom^[a] (PdL)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" \|	Lega Nord (LN)	Regionalism	Umberto Bossi
bgcolor="Template:Movement for Autonomies/meta/color" \|	Movement for Autonomy^[b] (MpA)	Regionalism	Raffaele Lombardo

^ The list, which would be transformed into a party in 2009, included Forza Italia, National Alliance, the Liberal Populars, the Christian Democracy for the Autonomies, the New Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Republican Party, the Liberal Reformers, the Pensioners' Party, the Liberal Democrats, Decide!, Italians in the World, Social Action (formerly part of Social Alternative), the Libertarian Right and the Reformist Socialists. Not all of these parties would be officially merged into the joint party in 2009.
^ The party was based in Sicily, but ran in several regions.

The coalition had one regional partner:

Region	Party		Ideology	Leader
Sardinia		Fortza Paris (FP)	Sardinian nationalism	Silvestro Ladu

2013 general election

In the 2013 general election^[5] the coalition was composed mainly of six parties.

Party		Ideology	Leader
bgcolor="Template:The People of Freedom/meta/color" \|	The People of Freedom (PdL)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" \|	Lega Nord (LN)	Regionalism	Roberto Maroni
bgcolor="Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color" \|	Brothers of Italy (FdI)	National conservatism	Giorgia Meloni
bgcolor="Template:The Right/meta/color" \|	The Right (LD)	National conservatism	Francesco Storace
	Great South^[a] (GS)	Regionalism	Gianfranco Micciché
bgcolor="Template:Movement for Autonomies/meta/color" \|	Movement for the Autonomies^[a] (MpA)	Regionalism	Raffaele Lombardo

^ ^a ^b Both parties were based in Sicily, but ran in several regions.

In late 2013 Berlusconi launched the new Forza Italia and suffered the split of the New Centre-Right.

2018 general election

In the 2018 general election the coalition is composed of four electoral lists:

Party		Ideology	Leader
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia (2013)/meta/color" \|	Forza Italia^[a] (FI)	Liberal conservatism	Silvio Berlusconi
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" \|	Lega Nord^[b] (LN)	Populism	Matteo Salvini
bgcolor="Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color" \|	Brothers of Italy^[c] (FdI)	National conservatism	Giorgia Meloni
bgcolor="Template:Us with Italy/meta/color" \|	Us with Italy^[d] (NcI)	Christian democracy	Raffaele Fitto

^ Including Energies for Italy, The Liberals, Christian Revolution, the Pensioners' Party, the Animalist Movement, Renaissance, the Moderates in Revolution, the Union of Democrats for Europe, the New Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and dissidents of the Italian Republican Party.
^ Running as "Lega" and including the National Movement for Sovereignty, the Italian Liberal Party, Us with Salvini and the Sardinian Action Party (see below).
^ Including also Alto Adige in the Heart (see below),^[6] FareItalia, Social Right and She Will Become Most Beautiful.
^ Including Direction Italy (including Responsible Autonomy and the Sardinian Reformers, see below), Civic Choice, Act!, Popular Construction (see below), the Movement for the Autonomies (see below), splinters from Popular Alternative, the Union of the Centre, Identity and Action and the New United Christian Democrats.

The coalition has six regional partners:

Region	Party		Ideology	Leader
South Tyrol	bgcolor="Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color" \|	Alto Adige in the Heart (AAC)	Conservatism	Alessandro Urzì
Friuli-Venezia Giulia	bgcolor="Template:Conservatives and Reformists (Italy)/meta/color" \|	Responsible Autonomy (AR)	Centrism	Renzo Tondo
Sicily		Popular Construction^[a] (CP)	Regionalism	Francesco Saverio Romano
	bgcolor="Template:Movement for Autonomies/meta/color" \|	Movement for the Autonomies^[a] (MpA)	Regionalism	Raffaele Lombardo
		She Will Become Most Beautiful (DB)	Regionalism	Nello Musumeci
Sardinia	bgcolor="Template:Sardinian Reformers/meta/color" \|	Sardinian Reformers (RS)	Regionalism	Michele Cossa
Sardinia		Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az)	Sardinian nationalism	Christian Solinas

^ ^a ^b Both parties were formerly active nationally, but now only in Sicily.

Electoral results

Italian Parliament

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/–	Leader
Chamber of Deputies
1994	18,200,270 (#1)	46.1	366 / 630	–	Silvio Berlusconi
1996	15,095,436 (#2)	43.2	246 / 630	120	Silvio Berlusconi
2001	16,915,513 (#1)	45.4	368 / 630	122	Silvio Berlusconi
2006	18,995,697 (#2)	49.7	281 / 630	87	Silvio Berlusconi
2008	17,064,506 (#1)	46.8	344 / 630	43	Silvio Berlusconi
2013	9,923,109 (#2)	29.2	125 / 630	219	Silvio Berlusconi
2018	TBD	TBD	0 / 630	–	Silvio Berlusconi

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/–	Leader
Senate of the Republic
1994	14,110,705 (#1)	42.5	156 / 315	–	Silvio Berlusconi
1996	12,185,020 (#2)	37.4	116 / 315	40	Silvio Berlusconi
2001	14,406,519 (#1)	42.5	176 / 315	60	Silvio Berlusconi
2006	17,359,754 (#1)	49.8	156 / 315	20	Silvio Berlusconi
2008	15,508,899 (#1)	47.3	174 / 315	18	Silvio Berlusconi
2013	9,405,679 (#2)	30.7	117 / 315	57	Silvio Berlusconi
2018	TBD	TBD	0 / 315	–	Silvio Berlusconi

References

^ Mark Donovan (2004). "The Italian State: No Longer Catholic, no Longer Christian". In Zsolt Enyedi; John T.S. Madeley (eds.). Church and State in Contemporary Europe. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-135-76141-7.
^ Vittorio Vandelli (2014). 1994-2014 Berlusconi’s new ventennio. Vittorio Vandelli. p. 189. ISBN 978-605-03-2890-5.
^ "Italy returns Berlusconi to power". BBC News. 15 April 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
^ Daniele Albertazzi; Duncan McDonnell (2015). Populists in Power. Routledge. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-317-53503-4. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
^ "Italian election results: gridlock likely – as it happened". Guardian. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
^ http://www.agenziagiornalisticaopinione.it/lancio-dagenzia/fratelli-ditalia-alleanza-nazionale-trentino-congresso-nazionale-simbolo-rinforzamento-del-partito

[fn1-3] The two parties contested the election in a joint list.

[fn1-4] Including also the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (see below).

[fn2-5] The two parties contested the election in a joint list.

[fn3-6] The party was included in Forza Italia's lists.

[fn1-7] The two parties formed a joint list. The list included also the Sardinian Action Party (see below).

[fn2-8] The two parties contested the election in a joint list.

[fn3-9] The two parties were included in Forza Italia's lists.

[fn4-10] Including Social Action, New Force and the National Front.

[fn1-13] The list, which would be transformed into a party in 2009, included Forza Italia, National Alliance, the Liberal Populars, the Christian Democracy for the Autonomies, the New Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Republican Party, the Liberal Reformers, the Pensioners' Party, the Liberal Democrats, Decide!, Italians in the World, Social Action (formerly part of Social Alternative), the Libertarian Right and the Reformist Socialists. Not all of these parties would be officially merged into the joint party in 2009.

[fn2-14] The party was based in Sicily, but ran in several regions.

[fn1-16] Both parties were based in Sicily, but ran in several regions.

[fn1-17] Including Energies for Italy, The Liberals, Christian Revolution, the Pensioners' Party, the Animalist Movement, Renaissance, the Moderates in Revolution, the Union of Democrats for Europe, the New Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and dissidents of the Italian Republican Party.

[fn2-18] Running as "Lega" and including the National Movement for Sovereignty, the Italian Liberal Party, Us with Salvini and the Sardinian Action Party (see below).

[fn3-20] Including also Alto Adige in the Heart (see below),^[6] FareItalia, Social Right and She Will Become Most Beautiful.

[fn4-21] Including Direction Italy (including Responsible Autonomy and the Sardinian Reformers, see below), Civic Choice, Act!, Popular Construction (see below), the Movement for the Autonomies (see below), splinters from Popular Alternative, the Union of the Centre, Identity and Action and the New United Christian Democrats.

[fn1-22] Both parties were formerly active nationally, but now only in Sicily.

[Donovan2004-1] Mark Donovan (2004). "The Italian State: No Longer Catholic, no Longer Christian". In Zsolt Enyedi; John T.S. Madeley (eds.). Church and State in Contemporary Europe. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-135-76141-7.

[Vandelli2014-2] Vittorio Vandelli (2014). 1994-2014 Berlusconi’s new ventennio. Vittorio Vandelli. p. 189. ISBN 978-605-03-2890-5.

[11] "Italy returns Berlusconi to power". BBC News. 15 April 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

[AlbertazziMcDonnell2015-12] Daniele Albertazzi; Duncan McDonnell (2015). Populists in Power. Routledge. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-317-53503-4. Retrieved 25 January 2016.

[15] "Italian election results: gridlock likely – as it happened". Guardian. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

[19] ttp://www.agenziagiornalisticaopinione.it/lancio-dagenzia/fratelli-ditalia-alleanza-nazionale-trentino-congresso-nazionale-simbolo-rinforzamento-del-partito

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v t e Political parties in Italy
Chamber of Deputies	Brothers of Italy (118) Democratic Party (69) (incl. DemoS and CD) Lega (66) Five Star Movement (52) Forza Italia (45) (incl. NPSI) Action (13) Italia Viva (9) Greens and Left Alliance Green Europe [6] Italian Left [4] Progressive Party [1] Us Moderates Us with Italy [3] Italy in the Centre [2] Coraggio Italia [1] Union of the Centre [1] More Europe (2) South Tyrolean People's Party (3) Animalist Movement (1) Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (1) South calls North (1) Valdostan Union (1)
Senate of the Republic	Brothers of Italy (66) Democratic Party (38) Lega (29) (incl. Fassa) Five Star Movement (28) Forza Italia (17) Italia Viva (7) Action (4) Greens and Left Alliance Italian Left [3] Green Europe [1] Us Moderates Coraggio Italia [1] Union of the Centre [1] South Tyrolean People's Party (2) Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (1) Campobase (1)
European Parliament	Lega (24) Democratic Party (15) (incl. DemoS) Forza Italia (10) Brothers of Italy (8) Five Star Movement (6) Italia Viva (1) Action (1) South Tyrolean People's Party (1)
Other parties in Regional councils	Aosta Valley Civic Network Edelweiss For Our Valley For Autonomy Mouv' Valdostan Alliance Piedmont Moderates Lombardy Renaissance Trentino Autonomy House La Civica Futura Trentino Popular Autonomists Trentino Project Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party Union for Trentino South Tyrol Team K Greens Die Freiheitlichen For South Tyrol with Widmann JWA List South Tyrolean Freedom La Civica Vita Veneto Liga Veneta Repubblica Friuli-Venezia Giulia Pact for Autonomy Slovene Union Abruzzo Political Action Molise Building Democracy Populars for Italy Campania Italy is Popular Italian Socialist Party Us of the Centre Apulia Popular Apulia Basilicata Identity and Action Sicily Christian Democracy Sicily Movement for Autonomy Sicilia Vera Sardinia Civic Sardinia Sardinia 20Twenty Sardinian Action Party Sardinian Reformers Possible
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