Jump to content

List of circumnavigations

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Magellan–Elcano expedition was the world's first circumnavigation.

This is a list of circumnavigations of Earth. Sections are ordered by ascending date of completion.

Global

[edit]

Nautical

[edit]

16th century

[edit]
  • The 18 survivors, led by Juan Sebastián Elcano (Spanish), of Ferdinand Magellan's Spanish expedition (which began with 5 ships and 270 men); 1519–1522; westward from Spain; in Victoria. After Magellan was killed by Lapulapu off the Philippines on 27 April 1521, the circumnavigation was completed under the command of the Basque Spanish seafarer Juan Sebastián Elcano who returned to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain, on 6 September 1522, after a journey of 3 years and 1 month.[1] These men were the first to circumnavigate the globe.
  • The survivors of García Jofre de Loaísa's Spanish expedition 1525–1536 including Andrés de Urdaneta; westward from Spain. None of Loaísa's seven ships completed the voyage, but Santa María de la Victoria reached the Moluccas before being wrecked in a Portuguese attack. Successive chiefs of the expedition (Loaísa, Elcano, Salazar, Iñiguez, De la Torre) died during the voyages. Andrés de Urdaneta and other fellow men survived, reaching the Spice Islands in 1526, to be taken prisoner by the Portuguese. Urdaneta and three of his men returned to Spain in 1536 aboard Portuguese ships via India, the Cape of Good Hope and Portugal, and completed the second world circumnavigation in history.
  • Hans von Aachen (German) was one of the four survivors of the Loaísa expedition and also one of the 18 survivors of Magellan's expedition, making him the first to circumnavigate the world twice.
  • Francis Drake (English); expedition against the Spanish Main 1577–1580; westward from England; in Golden Hind; discovered the Drake Passage but entered the Pacific via the Strait of Magellan; first English circumnavigation and the second carried out in a single expedition. Drake was the first to complete a circumnavigation as captain while leading the expedition throughout the entire circumnavigation.
  • Martín Ignacio de Loyola (Spanish); 1580–1584, westward from Spain.
  • Thomas Cavendish (English); 1586–1588; westward from England; in Desire.
  • Martín Ignacio de Loyola (Spanish); 1585–1589, eastward from Spain (via Macau (then a Portuguese territory), China, and Acapulco, Mexico) to become the first to circumnavigate the world eastwards and first to use overland routes in his circumnavigation.
  • João da Gama (Portuguese); 1584 (or 1585)–1590; eastward from Portugal; from Lisbon to India, Malacca, Macau (then Portuguese) and Japan. Gama crossed the Pacific at a higher northern latitude; was taken prisoner in Mexico and carried in Spanish ships to the Iberian Peninsula. One of the first to go eastwards, mostly by sea.

17th century

[edit]
The map of Dampier's circumnavigation produced by Herman Moll (1697)
The map of Ambrose Cowley's circumnavigation in the 1699 edition of his travels
  • The survivors of the expedition of Jacques Mahu (Dutch); 1598–1601; westward from Holland; Of Mahu's five ships only one returned.
  • The survivors of the expedition of Olivier van Noort (Dutch); 1598–1601; westward from Holland; Of Van Noort's four ships only one returned.
  • Francesco Carletti (Italian); Florentine merchant; 1594–1602; westward from Italy; travelled across the American continent overland, through Panama. All Carletti's other travel was by sea until he ended in the Netherlands; he travelled from there overland back to Italy. Carletti was perhaps the first to travel all legs as a passenger, not as a ship's officer or a crew member. Carletti described his journey in his autobiography, "My Voyage Around the World", translated into various languages.
  • Joris van Spilbergen (Dutch); 1614–1617; westward from Holland.
  • Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire (Dutch); 1615–1617; westward from Holland; in Eendraght; Discovered Cape Horn and the first expedition to enter the Pacific via the Drake Passage.
  • Admiral Jacques l'Hermite, Vice-admiral John Hugo Schapenham, and Rear-admiral Jan Willemszn Verschoor (Dutch); 1623–1626; westward from Holland.
  • Pedro Cubero (Spain); 1670–1679; eastward from Spain; the first maritime circumnavigation including significant travel overland.
  • William Dampier and Ambrose Cowley (English); 1679–1691 and 1683–1686; westward from England, travelling together in parts of their voyages and producing the first maps of the Galapagos Islands while raiding Spanish shipping between Panama and Peru.
  • Gemelli Carer (Italian); 1693–1698; eastward from Naples; the first tourist to circumnavigate the globe, paying his own way on multiple voyages, crossing Mexico on land.

18th century

[edit]
The routes of James Cook's voyages. The first voyage is shown in red, second voyage in green, and third voyage in blue. The route of Cook's crew following his death is shown as a dashed blue line.

19th century

[edit]
Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev

20th century

[edit]
  • The Great White Fleet; 1907–1909; first fleet to circumnavigate the world.
  • HMS New Zealand 1913, first by a Dreadnought era battleship or battlecruiser.
  • Harry Pidgeon; 1921–1925; second single-handed circumnavigation.
  • Conor O'Brien; 1923–1925; in Saoirse, a 20 ton 42 ft ketch, designed by himself and built in Baltimore, Ireland. First small private craft to circumnavigate west to east and south of the three great capes: Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope and Cape Leeuwin SW Australia – the Clipper route.[6]
  • HMS Hood, HMS Repulse, and the rest of the Special Service Squadron; 1923–24; in the Empire Cruise, a tour of the British Empire after World War I.
  • Francesco Aurelio Geraci; 1932–1935; first italian to circumnavigate the globe with his little wooden ship M.A.S. (Memento Audere Semper).[7]
  • Harry Pidgeon; 1932–1937; third single-handed circumnavigation, first person to circumnavigate solo twice (1921–1925 and 1932–1937).
  • Electa and Irving Johnson; 1934–1958; sail training pioneers, circumnavigated the world seven times with amateur crews.
  • Vito Dumas; 1942; single handed circumnavigation of the southern oceans, including the first single handed passage of all three great capes.
  • Operation Sandblast; 1960; USS Triton; first underwater circumnavigation.
  • Operation Sea Orbit; 1964; USS Enterprise, USS Long Beach, and USS Bainbridge; first circumnavigation by an all-nuclear naval task force.
  • 1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation; 1966; K-133 and K-116; first underwater circumnavigation conducted by the Soviet Union.
  • Sir Francis Chichester; 1966–1967; first single-handed circumnavigation with just one port of call.
  • Sir Alec Rose; 1967–1968; single-handed circumnavigation with two stops (in Australia and New Zealand).
  • Leonid Teliga; 1967–1969; single-handed circumnavigation aboard SY Opty.
  • Robin Knox-Johnston; 1968–1969; first single-handed non-stop circumnavigation.[8]
  • Robin Lee Graham; 1965–1970; then youngest (at ages 16–21) solo circumnavigation aboard 24-foot sailboat Dove.
  • Chay Blyth; 1971; first westwards single-handed non-stop circumnavigation.
  • Edward Allcard; 1957–1973; circumnavigation via the three great capes aboard his 36-foot wooden ketch Sea Wanderer.
  • Webb Chiles; solo circumnavigation 6 times, with the first being in 1975–1976
  • Jon Sanders; 1970–2021; completed eleven circumnavigations.[9]
    • 1970 First solo circumnavigation trip east to west mostly sailing through tropics.
    • 1981–82 Double nonstop solo circumnavigation west to east via Southern Ocean.
    • 1986–88 Triple non-stop solo circumnavigation: 657 days 21 hours and 18 minutes at sea. Guinness World Records cites this as the longest distance sailed non-stop by any vessel (71,023 nautical miles)[10][11]
    • 2016–17 Completed 10th circumnavigation at the age of 78, mostly singlehanded.[9]
    • 2019–21 Completed 11th circumnavigation at the age of 81[9]
  • USS Inchon; ETR-3 crew September 1972 – September 1973 Circumnavigation via Panama Canal Norfolk VA. East to west.
  • Krystyna Chojnowska-Liskiewicz; 1976–1978; first woman to perform a single-handed circumnavigation.
  • Naomi James; 1977–1978; first woman to perform a single-handed circumnavigation via Cape Horn.
  • Mark Schrader; 1982; completed two solo circumnavigations. In 1982–1983 became the first American to complete a solo circumnavigation via the five southernmost capes.[12][13]
  • Marvin Creamer; 21 December 1982 – 17 May 1984; only known person to circumnavigate the globe by boat with no nautical aids[14]
  • Bertie Reed – 1982 – the first South African to complete three singlehanded circumnavigations.[15]
  • Nikolay Dzambasov; 1 September 1983 – 25 July 1985; the first Bulgarian to circumnavigate the globe; traveled in a self-made yacht.[16]
  • David Scott Cowper; 1985; first single-handed circumnavigation by motor boat.
  • Peter Freeman; 14 October 1984 – 14 July 1985; Skippered a Hartley 32 ferro-cement sloop Laiviņa, from Victoria, British Columbia, Canada in 236 days. Set a new Guinness World Record.[citation needed]
  • Dodge Morgan; 12 November 1985 – 11 April 1986; Aboard sailboat American Promise, became first American to sail solo around the world, non-stop.
  • Trishna; 28 September 1985 – 10 January 1987; First Indian circumnavigation by an Indian Army Corps of Engineers crew. Also had the first handicapped (one-legged) sailor to sail around the globe.[17][18][19]
  • USS Missouri (BB-63); 10 September – 19 December 1986; Circumnavigation of recommissioned battleship for Shakedown prior to operational deployment; port calls at allies in Australia, Turkey, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. As the feat was not subsequently repeated by another battleship, and all battleships are now withdrawn from service and widely regarded as obsolete, this stands as the final global circumnavigation by a major–caliber gun armed battleship. [20]
  • Serge Testa; 1987; an Australian yachtsman who holds the world record for the circumnavigation in the smallest boat, completing the voyage in 1987, in his 11-foot-10-inch (3.61 m) boat, the Acrohc Australis.
  • Teddy Seymour; 1987; aboard sailboat Love Song; the first African-American to complete solo single-handed circumnavigation.
  • Mike Plant; 1987–1991; completed three circumnavigations.[21]
    • 1986–87: Won the BOC Challenge with a time of 157 days aboard Airco Distributor, an Open 50 sloop built by Plant and designed by Roger Martin.[22][23]
    • 1989: Competed in the first Vendée Globe on Duracell, an Open 60 sloop built by Plant and designed by Roger Martin. Although eliminated from the race after receiving help with a rudder repair in New Zealand, Plant still set a record for the fastest American to sail single-handed around the world with a time of 135 days.[21][24]
    • 1990/91: Finished 4th overall in the BOC Challenge, setting the highest mark in a solo-sailing event for an American with a time of 132 days.[21]
  • Tania Aebi; 1985–1987; American woman who completed a solo circumnavigation by the age of 21, one 80-nautical-mile (150 km) stretch with crew disqualified her from an official record.
  • Kay Cottee; 1988; first woman to perform a solo non-stop circumnavigation.
  • David Scott Cowper; 1990; first single-handed circumnavigation via the North West Passage.
  • William (Bill) Deltoris Pinkney III; 1990-1992; Via the 5 Great Capes of the southern oceans. He departed from Boston August 5, 1990. Sailing first to Bermuda, then along the eastern South American coastline, across the Atlantic Ocean to Cape Town, South Africa, across the Indian Ocean to Hobart, Tasmania, across the South Pacific Ocean, around Cape Horn, and up the eastern South American coastline, finally ending up back in Boston. Pinkney sailed a Valiant 47, named "Commitment".
  • Duncan McQueen; 1992–1999;[25]
  • Pat Lawless Snr; 1993–1996 Irish solo sailor, took him 3 years and 3 days in his 32 foot yacht Loon. He returned to Limerick, Ireland at the age of 70 after his solo circumnavigation.[26]
  • Lisa Clayton; 1994–1995; first British woman to sail single-handed and non-stop around the world.
  • Robbie Marshall; 1995-1996; Completed a solo circumnavigation of the world on his Triumph Trophy 1200. It took him 51 weeks, after which he wrote a book about his travels. His trip was the first solo round-world account committed to tape.[27]
  • Brian Caldwell; 1995–1996; '1st-Under-Age-21' to complete solo circumnavigation with stops, completed by age 20.
  • David Dicks; 1996; youngest recognized assisted circumnavigation, completed aged 18 years 41 days.
  • Karen Thorndike; 1996-1998; Guinness record as the first American woman to sail solo around the world without assistance, not done continuously[28][29]
  • Henk de Velde; 1997; sailed a catamaran eastbound around the world in 119 days, non-stop. He is still the only person in the world to perform this feat single-handed with a catamaran,[citation needed] although others have made faster single-handed circumnavigations in trimarans (Ellen MacArthur, 2005, and Francis Joyon, 2008).
  • Cable and Wireless Adventurer; 1998; 74 days, 20 hours, 58 minutes, a new Guinness World Record for a powered vessel.[30]
  • Robert E. Case; 1998–2001; American who was the first solo amputee to sail around the world.[31]
  • Amyr Klink; 1998–1999; Brazilian who completed a solo circumnavigation of Antarctica in 88 days.[citation needed]
  • Jesse Martin; 1999; youngest recognized unassisted circumnavigation, completed aged 18 years 66 days.
  • Azhar Mansor; 1999; first Malaysian to sail solo around the world.
  • Alex Thomson; 1999; youngest skipper ever to win a round the world race (Clipper 1998–1999).
  • Daniel D. Moreland; 1997–1998; first circumnavigation of sail training vessel Picton Castle.
  • Vinny Lauwers; 1999–2000; 233d 13h 43m 8s; 21760 nm; Vision Quest; first single-handed circumnavigation by a disabled sailor (paraplegic).[32]
  • Wladek Wagner, 1932–1939, first Polish citizen to sail around the world. He wrote the book By the Sun and Stars about the voyage.[33]

21st century

[edit]
  • Wilfried Erdmann; 14 August 2000 – 23 July 2001 in 343 days; monohull Kathena Nui; solo westward non-stop circumnavigation.
  • Ellen MacArthur; 2001; monohull; circumnavigated singlehandedly as the then fastest woman.
  • Mike Golding; 2001; first person to circumnavigate non-stop in both eastward and westward directions. 1993 World record for a westward circumnavigation, 161 days, Group 4. 2001 Vendee Globe Race 7th position.
  • INS Tarangini; 2003–2004; first Indian sail naval ship to circumnavigate the globe with the theme of "building bridges of friendship across the oceans".
  • Bruno Peyron and crew; 2005; aboard maxi catamaran Orange II; set the then current windpowered circumnavigation record, 50 days, 16 hours, 20 minute.[8]
  • Ellen MacArthur; 2005; trimaran B&Q/Castorama; then the fastest singlehanded circumnavigation (71 days), is still the fastest woman in 2010. See also 2001.[8]
  • Dee Caffari; first female to sail non-stop round the world westabout and both ways;
    • 2005–2006; first woman to perform a solo westward non-stop circumnavigation, in 178 days.[34]
    • 2008-2009 Vendee Globe Race (Solo Nonstop Eastabout) onboard IMOCA 60 Aviva in 99 days 1 hrs 10 min 57 sec
  • Álvaro de Bazán; 2007; First circumnavigation of the globe by a Spanish warship in 142 years.
  • RMS Queen Mary 2; 2007 world cruise; at 148,528 gross ton, the world's largest passenger ship to circumnavigate the globe.
  • Earthrace; 2008; wave-piercing trimaran, with two 540-horsepower multi-fueled engines; current world record holder for a motorized vessel (disputed with USS Triton, 1960), in 60 days 23 hours and 49 minutes.
  • Francis Joyon; 2008; 95 ft (29 m) IDEC 2; fastest singlehanded multihull circumnavigation at that time, 57 days 13 hours 34 minutes 06 seconds.[8]
  • Michael Perham; 2009; then youngest person (aged 16–17 years) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation (with stops, through Panama Canal).
  • Franck Cammas and a crew of 10; 2010; French trimaran Groupama 3; set the fastest maritime circumnavigation at the time, in a time of 48 days, 7 hours 44 minutes and 52 seconds.[8]
  • Dilip Donde (Indian Navy); 2009–2010; first Indian to carry out a solo circumnavigation; stopped in four ports – Fremantle, Lyttelton, Port Stanley and Cape Town.[35]
  • Jessica Watson; 2009–2010; youngest person (aged 16) to perform a solo non-stop southern hemisphere circumnavigation (past Cape Horn).
  • Reid Stowe; 2007–2010; eastbound circumnavigation, 1152 days; longest time spent at sea without resupply or touching land.
  • Minoru Saito; 2008–2011; oldest person (aged 77) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation (westbound, past Cape Horn, with stops). He has made eight singlehanded circumnavigations; after the seventh (which was non-stop) at age 71 he was already the oldest.
  • PlanetSolar; 2010–2012; first solar vehicle to circumnavigate the globe.
  • Laura Dekker; 2011–2012; youngest person (aged 14–16 years) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation (with stops, through Panama Canal).
  • Jerome Rand, Oct 2017 to June 2018, 271 day, unsponsored, nonstop circumnavigation from Gloucester MA on a Westsail 32 (Mighty Sparrow)
  • British sailor Jeanne Socrates; 2018–2019; oldest woman (aged 77) to single-handedly sail around the world, non-stop without outside assistance, for a year oldest person until Bill Hatfield sailed at a higher age. Also oldest woman at the time (aged 70) to do the same thing 2012–2013,[36] also making her first woman to make solo non-stop unassisted circumnavigation from west coast of North America (Victoria BC, Canada). Oldest, in 2010–2011 (aged 68), to sail single-handedly around the world, with stops. Both were eastbound via Cape Horn.[37]
  • Bill Hatfield; 2019–2020; oldest person (at 81) to sail solo non-stop unassisted single-handedly around the world, also first person (of any age) to sail solo non-stop unassisted single-handedly westabout (westbound) around the world in an under 40ft vessel.
  • Abhilash Tomy (Indian Navy); 2012–2013; first Indian to sail solo, non-stop around the world without outside assistance. Sailed south of the five southernmost capes.[38]
  • Gerry Hughes; 2012–2013; first deaf yachtsman to sail single-handed around the world to pass the five great capes. On 1 September 2012, Hughes left Troon, Scotland to start his eight-month journey across the world. Hughes travel around the world solo, sailed 32,000 miles and became the first deaf yachtsman to passed all five southernmost capes.
  • INSV Tarini (Indian Navy); 2017–2018; six female naval officers sailed south of the five southernmost capes during their Navika Sagar Parikrama expedition; they stopped in Fremantle, Lyttelton, Port Stanley and Cape Town.
  • 2020–2021 Vendée Globe Race a total of 25 sailors completed a solo non-stop circumnavigation and 2 more completed a stopping.
  • Jason Jernigan, Oct 2019 - June 2023; Singlehanded circumnavigation via Panama and South Africa in SV Lora 1972 Alberg 30.
  • Cole Brauer; 2023-2024; first woman from the United States to sail single-handed around the world nonstop and unassisted.[39][40]

Fastest

[edit]
  • Operation Sandblast; 1960; USS Triton; first underwater circumnavigation, and fastest mechanically powered circumnavigation (disputed with Earthrace, 2008), in 60 days 21 hours.
  • Jon Sanders; 1986–1988; holds the world record for completing a single-handed, non-stop, triple circumnavigation, in 657 days 21 hours and 18 minutes.
  • Jean-Luc Van Den Heede (French); 2004; fastest westward single-handed circumnavigation, 122 days 14 hours 3 minutes 49 seconds.
  • Adrienne Cahalan (Australian); February–March 2004; fastest woman to complete a circumnavigation (crew of "Cheyenne") 58 days 9 hours 32 minutes 45 seconds.
  • Earthrace; 2008; wave-piercing trimaran, with two 540 horsepower multi-fueled engines; current world record holder for a motorized vessel (disputed with USS Triton, 1960), in 60 days 23 hours and 49 minutes.
  • François Gabart (French); Nov 2017–Dec 2017; current fastest single-handed circumnavigation, in 42 days, 16 hours, 40 minutes, 35 seconds.
  • Francis Joyon and crew of five sailors; Dec 2016–Jan 2017; the Maxi trimaran IDEC SPORT; current absolute (wind or mechanically powered) fastest maritime circumnavigation, in 40 days 23 hours 30 minutes 30 seconds of sailing. Average speed of 26.85 knots (30.71 mph), covering a total distance of 26,412 nautical miles (48,915 km; 30,394 mi).
  • Bill Hatfield (Australian); 22 February 2020; fastest single-handed westbound circumnavigation in a vessel of under 40 feet (12 m) in length: 258 days, 22 hours, 24 minutes, and 9 seconds

Aerial

[edit]
In 1999, Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones achieved the first non-stop balloon circumnavigation in Breitling Orbiter 3.

(Widespread introduction of Very Low Frequency navigational aids)

  • Elgen Long, 1971, first solo circumnavigation via the poles, in a Piper Navajo.
  • Don Taylor, 1976, first circumnavigation by homebuilt aircraft.
  • Ross Perot, Jr. and Jay Coburn, 1982, first circumnavigation by helicopter, by Bell 206L-1 LongRanger II
  • Dick Smith, 1982–1983, first solo circumnavigation by helicopter, in a Bell Jetranger III.[47]
  • Donald "Rode" Rodewald, 1984, first circumnavigation by a paraplegic pilot in a Comanche 260 with hand controls.[48][49]
  • Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, 1986, Voyager, first non-stop non-refueled circumnavigation in an airplane, 9 days, 3 minutes and 44 seconds.
  • Dick Smith, 1988–1989, first circumnavigation landing at both poles, in a Twin Otter.
  • In 1992 an Air France Concorde, registration F-BTSD, achieved the fastest non-orbital circumnavigation in 32 hours 49 minutes and 3 seconds.
  • Fred Lasby, 1994, oldest circumnavigation, at 82 years of age, in Piper Comanche.[50]
  • Dick Smith, 1994–95, first east-west circumnavigation by helicopter, in a Sikorsky S-76, a distance traveled of 73,352 kilometres (39,407 nautical miles).
  • Peter Joohak Lee, 1998, first Asian to circumnavigate the globe on a single engine aircraft. Using a Cherokee 235, he traveled east for 36 days and 29,920 miles.[51][52][53]
  • Brian Milton, 1998, first microlight circumnavigation. He used an open-cockpit single engine Pegasus Quantum 912. No support aircraft escorted the flight. Keith Reynolds was copilot from Webridge, Surrey, to Yuzhno Sakhalinsk, Siberia. Then, as required by the Russian authorities, navigator Petr Petrov accompanied Milton to Nome, Alaska. Milton completed the rest of the 120-day voyage solo (71 flying days).[54][55][56][57]
  • Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones, 1999, first non-stop balloon circumnavigation in Breitling Orbiter 3, 19 days, 1 hour and 49 minutes, covering 42,810 kilometres (26,600 mi).
  • Jennifer Murray, 2000, first solo circumnavigation by a woman by helicopter.
  • Colin Bodill, 2000, first solo circumnavigation by a microlight (Mainair Blade) in 99 days. Also held fastest circumnavigation by microlight until broken. Bodill was part of an entourage of 4 aircraft, one of which carried supplies and support.[58]
  • Steve Fossett, 2 July 2002, first solo balloon circumnavigation.
  • Matevž Lenarčič; 2004; Circumnavigation with microlight aircraft Pipistrel".
  • Steve Fossett, 3 March 2005, GlobalFlyer, first non-stop, non-refueled solo circumnavigation in an airplane, 67 hours, covering 37,000 kilometres (23,000 mi).
  • Steve Fossett, 11 February 2006, GlobalFlyer, longest non-stop, non-refueled solo flight (with circumnavigation) in an airplane, covering 42,469.5 kilometres (26,389.3 mi), in 76 hours and 45 minutes.[59][60]
  • Barrington Irving, 27 June 2007, Inspiration, youngest solo circumnavigation in an airplane, at that time, 23 years, 228 days; left Miami, Florida, 23 March 2007, first stop, Cleveland, Ohio. (record broken numerous times subsequently)
  • Rahul Monga and Anil Kumar, 2007, fastest circumnavigation in a microlight, 79 days. Team from the Indian Air Force to commemorate the 75 Anniversary of the founding of the Indian Air Force. Aircraft used was a Flight Design CTSW. They covered 40,529 kilometres (25,184 mi) in a total flight time of 247 hours and 27 minutes.[61][62]
  • Matt Guthmiller became the youngest pilot to circumnavigate by aircraft, solo in 2014.[63] Since then the record has been surpassed by Australian Lachlan Smart in 2016,[64] American Mason Andrews in 2018[65] and Englishman Travis Ludlow in 2021.[66]
  • Swiss pilots Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg, in the first circumnavigation by solar-powered aircraft, took off from Abu Dhabi aboard the Solar Impulse 2 on 9 March 2015, and were originally scheduled to complete their circumnavigation of the Northern Hemisphere in five months.[67] Due to battery damage, continuation of the flight was postponed until April 2016.[68] This circumnavigation was completed on 26 July 2016.
  • Michael Smith, November 2015, first solo circumnavigation in a single-engine flying boat[69] in Progressive Aerodyne SeaRey two-seater light sport aircraft[70]
  • Fyodor Konyukhov, 23 July 2016, broke the record for the fastest circumnavigation in a hot air balloon. He took "just over 11 days", breaking Steve Fossett's 2002 record of 13 and a half days.[71]
  • Peter Wilson and Matthew Gallagher; 7 August 2017; First circumnavigation by helicopter through antipodes.[72][73]
  • Ravinder Bansal, 20 August 2017, became the first person of Indian origin to complete a solo circumnavigation in a single engine plane.[74][75][76]
  • Shaesta Waiz, 4 October 2017, became the youngest woman to fly solo around the world in a single-engine aircraft,[77] a feat superseded by Zara Rutherford.
  • Norman Surplus, 28 June 2019, first Gyroplane/Autogyro circumnavigation. Using an open cockpit, Rotorsport UK MT-03 Autogyro (Registered G-YROX – "Roxy"), Surplus flew a distance of 27,000 NM, through 32 Countries and set 19x FAI new world records. Initial departure was on 22 March 2010, but difficulty with Russian permission delayed the aircraft in Japan for 3.5 years. The circumnavigation was reset/continued from the Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum, McMinnville, Oregon on 1 June 2015 and was finally successfully completed on return to the same place on 28 June 2019.
  • Terry W. Virts and Hamish Harding, 11 July 2019, fastest circumnavigation of the globe via the North and South Poles. Virts and Harding headed a crew of eight in a Gulfstream G650ER jet to circumnavigate the globe in a time of 46 hours, 40 minutes and 22 seconds, with an average speed of 860.95 km/h (534.97 mph).[78]
  • Robert DeLaurentis, 10 August 2020, the first pilot and aircraft (Turbine Commander 900 "Citizen of the World" N29GA) to successfully circumnavigate and use biofuels over the North and South poles. Initial departure from Gillespie Field, El Cahon, CA, was 17 November 2019, completed 10 August 2020 with a five-month delay due to Pandemic. Other first-time records include the longest distance flown in a twin or single engine turboprop—18.1 hours; first and fastest Polar circumnavigation in a twin or single engine turboprop; first testing for plastic microfibers across the globe including over the South and North poles.[79]
  • Zara Rutherford, 20 January 2022, became the youngest woman to fly solo around the world and the first person to complete the circumnavigation in a microlight. She began her westabout journey from her native Belgium on 18 August 2021.[80]
  • Mack Rutherford, 24 August 2022, became the youngest person to circumnavigate the world by aircraft solo and youngest person to circumnavigate the world by microlight.

Spacecraft

[edit]
  • On 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin made the first human flight in space, and completed the first orbit of the Earth, in Vostok 1, in 108 minutes.
  • The second and third orbital circumnavigations, the first two to have multiple orbits, were made by Gherman Titov (17.5 orbits, a little over a day, for the Soviet Union) and John Glenn, in Friendship 7 (3 orbits, almost five hours, for the US, first American orbital flight), respectively.
  • The first woman to circumnavigate the Earth in orbit, and to also do so multiple times, was Valentina Tereshkova, who made forty-eight orbits between 16 and 19 June 1963, aboard Vostok 6.
  • Frank F. Borman II, James A. Lovell Jr., and William A. Anders, 21–27 December 1968, first human circumnavigation of the Earth-Moon system, 10 orbits around the moon in about 20 hours, aboard Apollo 8; total trip to the moon and back was more than 6 Earth days.

Human powered

[edit]

Motorized transportation is permitted over water and where otherwise needed, but the human-powered distance must be a minimum of 18,000 miles (29,000 km) to qualify for a world record, according to Guinness rules since 2013.[citation needed]

  • Thomas Stevens was the first person to circle the globe by bicycle. The feat was accomplished between 1884 and 1886. While impressive at the time, a good portion of the trip was by steamer due to technical and political constraints.
  • Dave Kunst walked around the world between 20 June 1970 and 10 October 1974.
  • Rick Hansen, a paraplegic athlete, became the first person to travel around the world in a wheelchair from 21 March 1985 to 22 May 1987, covering over 25,000 mi (40,000 km) through 34 countries on four continents.[81]
  • Robert Garside is credited by Guinness World Records as the first person to run around the world from 20 October 1997 to 13 June 2003, taking 2,062 days to cover 30,000 mi (48,000 km) across 29 countries and 6 continents.[82]
  • On 1 August 1999, Polly Letofsky left her home in Colorado on a five-year journey spanning four continents and 22 countries. She started her leg across Australia on 29 October 2000 from St Kilda Pier on Port Phillip Bay in Melbourne, and concluded on 22 July 2001 after arriving in Port Douglas. On 30 July 2004, she concluded her journey having walked over 22,730 km (14,120 mi), having raised over $250,000 for breast cancer research, and having officially become the first woman to have walked around the world.[83][84]
  • Steve Strange completed the first true cycling circumnavigation, riding for 276 days in 2004–2005, following updated Guinness World Record rules for a proper circumnavigation.[85] Nick Sanders had set the record for cycling around the Northern Hemisphere in 1984, which was considered a circumnavigation by earlier Guinness rules.[86]
  • Jesper Olsen travelled 16,000 mi (26,000 km) from 1 January 2004 to 23 October 2005 during a circumnavigation solely on foot except for ocean crossings.
  • Colin Angus circumnavigated the Northern Hemisphere solely by human power in 2006 but did not qualify under the Guinness guidelines as a human powered circumnavigation. His attempt, however, was recognized by National Geographic.[87]
  • Jason Lewis completed the first true human-powered circumnavigation (without sails or any motorized transport) from 12 July 1994 to 6 October 2007, covering 46,505 mi (74,843 km) in both the southern and northern hemispheres and reaching two antipodal points, gaining accreditation from Guinness World Records[88] and Adventurestats by Explorersweb.[89]
  • Rosie Swale-Pope travelled 20,000 mi (32,000 km) from 2 October 2003 to 25 August 2008 during a circumnavigation solely on foot except for ocean crossings.
  • Erden Eruç completed the first solo human-powered circumnavigation (without sails or any motorized transport) traveling by rowboat, sea kayak, foot and bicycle from 10 July 2007 to 21 July 2012.[90][89] Erden crossed the equator two times, passed over 12 pairs of antipodal points, and logged 41,196 mi (66,299 km) while setting 13 Guinness records for ocean rowing.[91][92]
  • Juliana Buhring completed the first cycling circumnavigation by a solo female cyclist in 2012 following updated Guinness World Record rules for a cycling circumnavigation. She began in July and finished in December 2012 after 152 days of riding over 18,063 mi (29,070 km), averaging about 119 mi (192 km) a day.[93]
  • Paola Gianotti set a record for the fastest cycling circumnavigation by a female cyclist in 2014. She began her attempt on 8 March and finished on 30 November 2014—including four months of recovery after an accident that broke a vertebra—riding for 144 days over 18,389 mi (29,594 km), averaging about 128 mi (206 km) a day.[94]
  • Mark Beaumont set the current record for the fastest cycling circumnavigation in 2017.[95] He began his attempt on 2 July and finished on 18 September 2017, after 78 days, 14 hours, and 40 minutes,[96] averaging about 230 mi (370 km) a day on an 18,039-mile (29,031 km) ride across Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and North America.[97] Beaumont had also broken the same record in 2008.[98]
  • Jenny Graham set a record for the fastest unsupported cycling circumnavigation in 2018.[99] She completed the attempt in 124 days, 10 hours and 50 minutes, starting in Berlin on the 16 June 2018, and arriving back on the 18 October.
  • Andrew Mortensen, of Texas, became the first openly gay man to officially cycle around the world, which he did non-continously from 2020 until 2024.[100]
  • Lael Wilcox cycled around the world, starting in Chicago.[101] She finished on September 11, 2024, having taken 108 days, 12 hours and 12 minutes to cycle 18,125 miles, becoming the fastest woman to cycle around the world.[102]

Miscellaneous

[edit]
  • King Kalākaua traveled around the world, over land and sea, thus becoming the first reigning monarch to complete such a journey in 1881.
  • Nellie Bly traveled around the world with public steamboats and trains in 72 days (from 14 November 1889, to 25 January 1890), a world record, resembling the Around the World in Eighty Days novel.
  • Clärenore Stinnes and Carl-Axel Söderström were the first persons to drive around the world in a car between 25 May 1927 and 24 June 1929.
  • Friedrich Karl von Koenig-Warthausen, in a Klemm L.20 aircraft over land and via ship for ocean legs, circumnavigated the globe solo, between August 1928 and November 1929.
  • Mrs Victor Bruce completed the first solo partially aerial circumnavigation by a woman (crossing oceans by vessel) in 1931.
  • Beginning in Montreal, Ben Carlin circumnavigated the world in a modified Ford GPA Jeep between 1950 and 1958, becoming the first person to circumnavigate the world by amphibious vehicle.
  • Heinz Stücke has been cycling around the world since 1962.
  • Arthur Blessitt has been walking around the world carrying a 45 lb (20 kg) wooden cross since 25 December 1969, covering 42,279 miles (68,041 km) through 324 countries. As of 13 June 2008, aged 67, he had walked in every country of the world, since when he has returned to some.
  • Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Charles Burton, et al.; 1979–1982; first circumnavigation via the North and South Poles on the Transglobe Expedition.[103]
  • Garry Sowerby holds four world records for circumnavigation in an automobile.[104][105][106]
  • Vladimir Lysenko circumnavigated the globe from west to east, deviating no more than two degrees of latitude from the Equator. Starting in Libreville, Gabon, Lysenko crossed (in a car, a motor boat, a yacht, a ship, a kayak, a bicycle, and by foot) Africa, Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean, South America and Atlantic Ocean, finishing in Libreville in 2012.[107][108]
  • Kane Avellano became the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe by motorcycle on a trip completed just one day before his 24th birthday. The circumnavigation began on 31 May 2016 and ended on 19 January 2017, with a total duration of 233 days. Avellano covered more than 28,000 miles (45,062 km), passing through 36 countries and 6 continents.[109][110]
  • The second season of Jet Lag: The Game, recorded in 2022, featured Sam Denby, Joseph Pisenti, Adam Chase and Ben Doyle racing to circumnavigate the world on commercial flights while completing various challenges; the race was won by Chase and Doyle after 93 hours of game time.[111]

Non-global

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kurlansky, Mark. 1999. The Basque History of the World. Walker & Company, New York. ISBN 0-8027-1349-1, p. 63
  2. ^ a b
  3. ^ Boit, John (1981). Hayes, Edmund (ed.). Log of the Union: John Boit's Remarkable Voyage to the Northwest Coast and Around the World, 1794–1796. Oregon Historical Society. pp. xviii, xxviii–xxxvi, 127–132. ISBN 9780875950891. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  4. ^ Long, David Foster (1988). "Chapter Nine". Gold braid and foreign relations : diplomatic activities of U.S. naval officers, 1798–1883. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 207ff. ISBN 978-0-87021-228-4. LCCN 87034879.: pp.208–9 
    • Lay summary in: Joyce S. Goldberg (February 1990). "Review: Gold Braid and Foreign Relations: Diplomatic Activities of U.S. Naval Officers, 1798–1883 by David F. Long". The American Historical Review. 95 (1): 253–254. JSTOR 2163133.
  5. ^ "Viagens de Circum-navegação". Marinha do Brasil (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  6. ^ Hill, Judith (2009). In Search of Islands – A Life of Conor O'Brien. Cork Ireland: The Collins Press. pp. 63–79. ISBN 978-1-905172-65-8.
  7. ^ Ingiosi, David (3 June 2021). "La storia del primo velista italiano a fare il giro del mondo". MagellanoStore Blog (in Italian). Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Round the World Non-Stop". World Sailing Speed Record Council. Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  9. ^ a b c "Anything but ordinary: the 81-year-old who has sailed around the world 11 times". The Guardian. 6 February 2021. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  10. ^ Guinness World Records. 2018. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  11. ^ "Project Endeavour: Jon Sanders' Triple circumnavigation". Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  12. ^ Byrne, Dan (30 August 1986). "Going One-On-One With the Lonely Sea: 25 Daring Sailors Will Attempt to Go Around the World--Single-Handedly". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  13. ^ "About Sailors for the Sea > Advisors > Mark Schrader". Boston Interactive/Sailors for the Sea. n.d. Archived from the original on 24 August 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  14. ^ "Marvin Creamer Archived 2018-10-30 at the Wayback Machine". globestar.org. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  15. ^ "Remembering Bertie Reed". Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  16. ^ "Nikolai Dzhambazov – singlehanded circumnavigation of the world (1983–1985)". geology.bas.bg. Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  17. ^ Yana Banerjee-Bey (29 October 2005). "An Epic Voyage". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  18. ^ Major Ashok Kumar Singh (29 November 2018). "The Call of the Big Blue: Round the World with One Good Leg". Reader's Digest. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  19. ^ "Colonel Chowdhury & the crew of TRISHNA". oceancruisingclub.org. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  20. ^ Wright, Christopher C. (May 1987). "U. S. Naval Operations in 1986". U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings. 113 (5). Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  21. ^ a b c The Museum of Yachting Archived 2014-04-26 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved March 27, 2013
  22. ^ VELUX 5 Oceans Race (BOC Challenge) Official Website Archived 2013-03-28 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved March 27, 2013
  23. ^ Roger Martin Design Archived 2012-07-20 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved March 27, 2013
  24. ^ "Home – Vendée Globe 2016–2017". vendeeglobe.org. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  25. ^ "West Coast Circumnavigators' List". Latitude38. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  26. ^ "Home". www.patlawlesssolocircumnavigator.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  27. ^ Marshall, Robbie (1 June 2001). Triumph Around the World (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Eye Books (published 13 April 2011). ISBN 9781908646217.
  28. ^ "CNN – U.S. woman makes history by sailing globe solo – August 19, 1998". CNN. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  29. ^ Karen Thorndike Summary. BookRags.com. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  30. ^ Tully, Clive (2002). Confronting Poseidon: Around the World Against the Odds. Portsmouth, England: Offshore Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-9544093-0-2. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  31. ^ "List of Solo Circumnavigators" Archived 2018-05-16 at the Wayback Machine. joshuaslocumsocietyintl.org. Joshua Slocum Society International. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  32. ^ "Performance Certificates Published". World Sailing. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  33. ^ "Wladek Wagner, 79, Made Sailing History". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  34. ^ wrong-way sailor back on UK soil Archived 2006-09-01 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News. Retrieved 21 May 2006.
  35. ^ "Cdr Dilip Donde". outlookindia.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  36. ^ "Sailor Jeanne Socrates, world's oldest non-stop female circumnavigator". sail-world.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  37. ^ "Ealing grandmother's world record sail". ealingtimes.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  38. ^ Jugal R Purohit (5 April 2013). "INSV Mhadei completes first Indian solo, non-stop circumnavigation of the globe". India Today. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  39. ^ Haefeli, Laura (7 March 2024). "Maine sailor Cole Brauer now first American woman to race solo around world after finishing 4-month journey". CBS Boston. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  40. ^ "Cole Brauer becomes first American woman to race sailboat alone and nonstop around world". AP News. 7 March 2024.
  41. ^ configured with wheeled undercarriage for part of the journey
  42. ^ Leigh P. Wade piloted two more DT-2s on the same circumnavigation
  43. ^ Round-the-World Flights Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, from WingNet. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
  44. ^ "The Long Way Round: Getting Home. In WW2 Captain Ford and the crew of the… | by John Bull | Lapsed Historian | Medium". 9 May 2018.
  45. ^ Patterson, Thom (6 July 2018). "How Pan Am Flight 50 flew from pole to pole". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  46. ^ "The Rockwell Polar Flight". This Day in Aviation. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  47. ^ Powerhouse Museum. "Bell 206B Jetranger III helicopter flown by Dick Smith, 1982. Statement of significance". Powerhouse Museum. Retrieved 8 June 2014. The Bell Jetranger III helicopter, Dick Smith Australian Explorer, was flown by Australian businessman and adventurer Dick Smith on the first solo circumnavigation of the world in a rotary wing aircraft in 1982/3.
  48. ^ "Rodewald, Donald L. "Rode"". Flying Tigers AVG. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  49. ^ John, Bone. "A brief history of single-engine solo circumnavigation flights". Air Facts. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  50. ^ "Around the World in a Commanche 206B". Commanche Flyers. Vol. 31, no. 3. March 2004. p. 34. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  51. ^ "[동정] 경비행기 세계일주 성공 이주학씨". Yeongnam Ilbo (in Korean). 28 October 1998. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  52. ^ "solo.php". www.earthrounders.com. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  53. ^ "전세계 한인 민간항공 조종사의 요람, 비행학교". news.koreadaily.com (in Korean). 30 October 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  54. ^ The Guinness 1999 Book of Records. Guinness Publishing. 1998. p. 081. ISBN 0-85112-070-9.
  55. ^ MacKenzie, Mark (19 October 2003). "Bandits at 11 o'clock!". The Independent on Sunday. p. 10.
  56. ^ Cooper, Tarquin (23 May 2009). "Top 20 great British adventurers". The Daily Telegraph. p. W5.
  57. ^ Guinness World Records 2018: Meet our Real-Life Superheroes. Vancouver, Canada: Jim Pattison Group. 29 August 2017. p. 130. ISBN 978-1910561720.
  58. ^ "Fastest circumnavigation by microlight". guinnessworldrecords.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  59. ^ Fossett flies to non-stop record Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, from BBC News. Retrieved 11 February 2006.
  60. ^ Steve lands as an uninvited guest! Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, from Virgin Global Flyer. Retrieved 11 February 2006.
  61. ^ "Fastest Round the World Trip-world record set by IAF". worldrecordacademy.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  62. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  63. ^ "Youngest person to circumnavigate by aircraft, solo". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  64. ^ "Youngest person to circumnavigate by aircraft, solo". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  65. ^ "Youngest person to circumnavigate by aircraft, solo". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  66. ^ "Youngest person to circumnavigate by aircraft, solo". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  67. ^ Amos, Jonathan. "Solar Impulse plane begins epic global flight" Archived 2018-04-05 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 9 March 2015
  68. ^ Amos, Jonathan. "Solar Impulse grounded until 2016" Archived 2017-11-15 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 15 July 2015
  69. ^ "Pilot Michael Smith on high after becoming first person to solo circumnavigate globe in flying boat". ABC News. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  70. ^ Wright, Tony (26 October 2016). "Flying solo around the world in sea plane lands Melbourne pilot Adventurer of the Year". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  71. ^ "Russian adventurer breaks world hot air balloon record". ABC News. ABC-Australia. 23 July 2016. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  72. ^ "First antipodal circumnavigation by helicopter". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  73. ^ Hirchman, David (18 July 2017). "Three journeys round". AOPA. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  74. ^ "Clocking miles, touching lives". The Tribune India. 1 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  75. ^ "Clarence pilot's solo flight around world raises $160,000 for India hospital". The Buffalo News. 29 August 2017. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  76. ^ "Limca Book of Records Entry". Coca-Cola India. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  77. ^ "Afghan Refugee Completes Historic Flight Around the World". National Geographic. 4 October 2017. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  78. ^ Guinness, World Records (11 July 2019). "Fastest circumnavigation via both Poles by aeroplane". Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  79. ^ "Column: Pandemic does not derail San Diego pilot's daring pole-to-pole flight". San Diego Union-Tribune. 16 July 2020. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  80. ^ "Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford completes solo round-world record". BBC News. 20 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  81. ^ Still making a difference: Hansen continues to inspire while raising understanding and money Archived 2008-01-10 at the Wayback Machine, By Darah Hansen, Vancouver Sun, 18 May 2007.
  82. ^ Around-World Runner Honoured Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine from the New York Post
  83. ^ "Polly's GlobalWalk". Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  84. ^ "Start Taking the Little Steps to Your Big Feat..." Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  85. ^ "Fastest Circumnavigation by Bicycle – Guidelines" (PDF). around-n-over.org. Guinness World Records via Around-n-Over website. 5 January 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  86. ^ Nathan Ditum (15 February 2012). "Cycling around the world: On 18th February, nine riders will set off on a cycle race around the world. MF investigates the tale of the men who've already done it". coachmag.co.uk. Dennis Publishing Ltd. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  87. ^ "Press". National Geographic Partners. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  88. ^ Guinness World Records (6 October 2007). "Human Powered Circumnavigations" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  89. ^ a b Adventurestats by Explorersweb. "Global HPC – Human Powered Circumnavigations". adventurestats.com. Explorersweb. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  90. ^ "Guinness World Records – First solo circumnavigation of the globe using human power". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  91. ^ "Media Kit – Project Summary Document" (PDF). Around-n-Over (PDF file linked from "around-n-over.org/media/mediakit.htm"). 22 August 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  92. ^ "Search results for Erden Eruç". guinnessworldrecords.com. Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  93. ^ Kevin Lynch (6 November 2013). "Record holder profile: Juliana Buhring – fastest circumnavigation by bicycle". guinnessworldrecords.com. Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  94. ^ "Fastest circumnavigation by bicycle (female)". guinnessworldrecords.com. Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018. When: 30 November 2014. The fastest circumnavigation by bicycle (female) is 144 days.
  95. ^ "Cyclist Mark Beaumont breaks around the world record". bbc.co.uk. BBC News Online. 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  96. ^ "Fastest circumnavigation by bicycle (male)". guinnessworldrecords.com. Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018. When: 18 September 2017. The fastest circumnavigation by bicycle by a male is 78 days, 14 hr, 40 min.
  97. ^ "Artemis World Cycle: Around the World in 80 Days". artemisworldcycle.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018. Miles Covered 18,039
  98. ^ "Scot smashes world cycle record". bbc.co.uk. BBC News Online. 15 February 2008. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  99. ^ "Scottish cyclist smashes round-the world record". TheGuardian.com. 18 October 2018. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  100. ^ "Austin Cyclist Becomes First Openly Gay Man to Bike Around the World". www.austinchronicle.com.
  101. ^ Teasdale, Charlie (21 July 2024). "'It's just insane. It's so far…': Lael Wilcox on her record-breaking attempt to be the fastest woman to cycle round the world". The Observer.
  102. ^ "American Lael Wilcox becomes fastest woman to cycle the globe". www.bbc.com.
  103. ^ Dimery, Rob (18 August 2015). "1982: First Surface Circumnavigation via both Geographical Poles". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  104. ^ "Hitchhiking Canada- Sowerby's Road –The hitchhiker's guide to Canada – Canada – digihitch.com". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
  105. ^ "Green gimmick leads to striking narratives; Car becomes historian for green projects – Motoring – The Western Star". Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
  106. ^ "In Search of Nova Scotia's 25 Funkiest Things – novascotia.ca". gov.ns.ca. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  107. ^ "Union of Russian Around-the-World Travellers site" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  108. ^ "Round-the-World Tour Along the Equator by Vladimir Lysenko" (in Russian). Extreme portal VVV.RU. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  109. ^ "Youngest person to circumnavigate the globe by motorcycle (male)". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  110. ^ "BonnieTour". BonnieTour. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  111. ^ "We Raced To Circumnavigate The Globe In 100 Hours". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  112. ^ "CCGS Hudson". Archived from the original on 21 December 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  113. ^ Clark, Miles. Russian Voyage. National Geographic Magazine, June 1994. p. 114 a 138.
  114. ^ Purves, Libby (30 April 1993). "Obituary: Miles Clark". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  115. ^ "Sailors with disABILITES Yacht Racing History - Making Waves Foundation". makingwavesfoundation.com.au. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  116. ^ "Ousland : nearly back to Oslo". International Polar Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  117. ^ "First circumnavigation of Arctic completed". The Voice of Russia. 17 November 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  118. ^ "Peter 1 arctic circumnavigation 2010". Youtube. Archived from the original on 24 October 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  119. ^ Sheinin, Dave (21 April 2012). "Sailor Matt Rutherford welcomed home in Annapolis after sailing solo around the Americas". The Washington Post. Annapolis. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  120. ^ Schell, Andy (18 September 2012). "Matt Rutherford: Mission Accomplished". Cruz Bay Publishing Inc., an Active Interest Media company. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  121. ^ Long Standing Ambition, a book by Jonathan Dunnett. ASIN 0995778205.
  122. ^ After completing the maritime part (limited by the land separation), Dunnett rode a tour bicycle with a trailer, back to the starting point of the journey. He has reached Grense Jakobselv on 30 September 2019, 863 days after he started the journey.