Commander-in-Chief, The Nore
Commander-in-Chief, The Nore | |
---|---|
![]() The flagship HMS Royal Sovereign saluting at the Nore | |
Active | 1695–1961 |
Country | ![]() |
Branch | ![]() |
Type | Fleet |
Garrison/HQ | Chatham, Kent |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | John Tovey |
The Commander-in-Chief, The Nore was an operational commander of the Royal Navy. His subordinate units, establishments, and staff were sometimes informally known as the Nore Station or Nore Command.
History
The Nore is a sandbank at the mouth of the Thames Estuary and River Medway.[1] The origins of this post can be traced to the first naval commander covering the same area that being the Commander-in-Chief, Thames from 1695 to 1696 however this command appointment was initially known by different names until finally becoming known as the Nore Command or Nore Station.[2]
From 1698 to 1699 the appointment was known as Commander-in-Chief, Medway. In 1707 the post holder was known as Commander-in-Chief, Thames and Medway and between 1711 and 1745 the office was known as the Commander-in-Chief, Thames, Medway and Nore
In 1745 the post for the first time was simply called the Commander-in-Chief, Nore established at Chatham[3] and became responsible for sub-commands at Chatham, London (less the Admiralty), Sheerness, Harwich and Humber.[1] Between 1747 and 1797 the post holder was known as the Commander-in-Chief, Medway and at the Nore
From 1827 the Commander-in-Chief was accommodated in Admiralty House, Sheerness, built as part of the renewal of Sheerness Dockyard. From 1834 to 1899 the command was known as the Commander-in-Chief, Sheerness. In 1907 he moved to a new Admiralty House alongside the naval barracks (HMS Pembroke) in Chatham, the Sheerness house being given over to the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet.[4] In 1938 an underground Area Combined Headquarters was built close to Admiralty House to accommodate the Commander-in-Chief together with the local Air Officer Commanding (AOC No. 16 Group RAF, Coastal Command) and their respective staffs;[5] similar headquarters were built close to the other Royal Dockyards. During the Second World War, the Nore station assumed great importance: it was used to guard the east coast convoys supplying the ports of North Eastern England.[1]
During the Second World War, Nore Command at Chatham included eight sub commands called (Naval stations) each of which was usually commanded by a Flag Officer either a Rear Admiral or Vice Admiral, the other seven included; Brightlingsea station, Harwich station, Humber, London (not including the Admiralty), Lowestoft, Sheerness station, Southend and Yarmouth. [6] These sub-commands were then sub-divided into Base areas usually commanded by a Naval Officer in Charge (NOIC) or a Residential Naval Officer (RNO) these included HM Naval Bases at Boston, Burnham-on-Crouch, Felixstowe, Gravesend, Grimsby, Immingham, and Queensborough.
Between 1952 and 1961 the Commander-in-Chief, The Nore double hatted as Nore Sub-Area Channel Command (NORECHAN) commander in NATO's Allied Command Channel. With the onset of the Cold War, the station and command diminished in importance as the navy decreased in size. The Nore Command was finally closed on 31 March 1961.[7] The underground Headquarters went on to serve as a Royal Naval Reserve training and communications centre (HMS Wildfire) from 1964 to 1994.[1]
Commanders-in-Chief
Commanders-in-Chief have included:[8][9][10]
Commander-in-Chief Thames, (1695-1696)
- Commodore Stafford Fairborne 1695
- Commodore James Gother 1696
Commander-in-Chief, Medway, (1698-1699)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Jennings, 1698-1699 [11]
Commander-in-Chief, Thames and Medway, (1707-1711)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Jennings, (1707-1711) (promoted to Admiral 1708) [11][12]
Commander-in-Chief, Thames, Medway and Nore, (1711-1745)
- Rear-Admiral Thomas Hardy, 1711-1715 [13]
- Rear-Admiral William Caldwell, 1717
- Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy, 1732-1737
- Vice Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle 1745 [14]
Commander-in-Chief, Nore, (1745-1747)
Post holders known as:[15]
- Vice-Admiral Edward Durnford King 1745-1747
Commander-in-Chief, Medway and at the Nore, (1747-1797)
- Rear-Admiral Henry Osborne (1747-1748) (V.Adm May 1748)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Francis Geary (1757–1758) [16]
- Commodore William Boys (1760–1761) [17]
- Commodore William Gordon (1762–1765) [18]
- Commodore Christopher Hill (1770–1771)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Peter Denis (1771–1775)
- Vice-Admiral Edward Vernon (1775–1776)
- Vice-Admiral Robert Roddam (1778–1783) [19]
- Vice-Admiral Sir Walter Stirling (1783–1785)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Andrew Hammond (1785–1788) [20]
- Vice-Admiral Richard Edwards (1788–1792) [21]
- Vice-Admiral William Locker (1792–1794)
- Rear-Admiral John Dalrymple (1794–1795)
- Vice-Admiral Sir George Collier (January 1795 – April 1795)
- Vice-Admiral Charles Buckner (1795–1797) [22]
Commander-in-Chief, Nore, (1797-1834)
Post holders known as:[23]
- Vice-Admiral Skeffington Lutwidge (1797–1798)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley (1798–1799)
- Vice-Admiral Alexander Graeme (1799–1803)
- Vice-Admiral Lord Keith (1803–1807) (formed part of North Sea Command)
- Vice-Admiral Thomas Wells (1807–1810)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Stanhope (1810–1811)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Williams (1811–1814)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Rowley (1815–1818)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Gore (1818–1821)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Benjamin Hallowell (1821–1824)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Moorsom (1824)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood (1827–1830)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Beresford (1830–1833)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Richard King (1833–1834)
Commander-in-Chief, Sheerness, (1834-1899)
Post holders known as:[24]
- Vice-Admiral Charles Elphinstone Fleeming (1834–1837)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Otway (1837–1840)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Digby (1840–1841)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Brace (1841–1844)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John White (1844–1845)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Durnford King (1845–1848)
- Vice-Admiral Sir George Elliot (1848–1851)
- Vice-Admiral Josceline Percy (1851–1854)
- Vice-Admiral William Gordon (1854–1857)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Harvey (1857–1860)
- Vice-Admiral Sir William Hope-Johnstone (1860–1863)
- Vice-Admiral Sir George Lambert (1863–1864)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Talbot (1864–1866)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Baldwin Walker (1866–1869)
- Vice-Admiral Richard Warren (1869–1870)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Elliot (1870–1873)
- Vice-Admiral George Hastings (1873–1876)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Chads (1876–1877)
- Vice-Admiral Sir William King-Hall (1877–1879)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Reginald Macdonald (1879–1882)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Rice (1882–1884)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Corbett (1884–1885)
- Vice-Admiral The Prince of Leiningen (1885–1887)
- Vice-Admiral Charles Waddilove (1887–1888)
- Vice-Admiral Thomas Lethbridge (1888–1890)
- Vice-Admiral Charles Curme (1890–1892)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Algernon Heneage (1892–1894)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Wells (1894–1896)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Nicholson (1896–1897)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Hotham (1897–1899)
Commander-in-Chief, Nore, (1899-1961)
Post holders known as:[25]
- Vice-Admiral Sir Nathaniel Bowden-Smith (1899–1900)
- Vice-Admiral Sir William Kennedy (1900–1901)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Albert Markham (1901–1903)
- Admiral Sir Hugo Pearson (1903–1907)
- Admiral Sir Gerard Noel (1907–1908)
- Admiral Sir Charles Drury (1908–1911)
- Admiral Sir Richard Poore (1911–1915)
- Admiral Sir George Callaghan (1915–1918)
- Admiral Sir Doveton Sturdee (1918–1921)
- Admiral Sir Hugh Evan-Thomas (1921–1924)
- Vice Admiral Sir William Goodenough (1924–1927)
- Admiral Sir Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair (1927–1930)
- Admiral Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt (1930–1933)
- Vice Admiral Sir Hugh Tweedie (1933–1935)
- Vice Admiral Sir Edward Evans (1935–1939)
- Admiral Sir Studholme Brownrigg (January 1939 – December 1939)
- Admiral Sir Reginald Plunkett (1939–1941)
- Admiral Sir George Lyon (1941–1943)
- Admiral Sir John Tovey (1943–1946)
- Admiral Sir Harold Burrough (1946–1948)
- Admiral Sir Henry Moore (1948–1950)
- Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt (1950–1952)
- Admiral Sir Cyril Douglas-Pennant (1952–1953)
- Admiral Sir Geoffrey Oliver (1953–1955)
- Admiral Sir Frederick Parham (1955–1958)
- Admiral Sir Robin Durnford-Slater (1958–1961)
Administration HQ, the Nore
Flag Captain, the Nore
Post holders supporting the senior naval officer at the Nore included:[26]
- Captain William G. Luard: July 1860-July 1863
- Captain John Fulford: July 1863-April 1866
- Captain Donald McL. Mackenzie: April 1866-June 1869
- Captain Thomas Miller: June 1869-June 1870
- Captain John C. Wilson: June 1870-January 1872
- Captain George W. Watson: January 1872-January 1875
- Captain Charles T. Curme: January 1875-February 1876
- Captain St. George C. D’Arcy-Irvine: February 1876-September 1877
- Captain Thomas B. Lethbridge: September 1877-January 1879
- Captain Thomas B.M. Sulivan: January 1879-July 1881
- Captain John D’Arcy: July 1881-September 1883
- Captain James A. Poland: September 1883-September 1886
- Captain Frederick C.B. Robinson: September 1886-July 1887
- Captain Arthur C. Curtis: July 1887-July 1890
- Captain Leicester C. Keppel: July 1890-August 1892
- Captain Henry H. Boys: August 1892-October 1894
- Captain William H.C. St.Clair: October 1894-February 1896
- Captain James L. Hammet: February 1896-January 1898
- Captain William F.S. Mann: January 1898-July 1899
- Captain Charles Campbell: July-October 1899
- Captain Henry C. Bigge: October 1899-February 1901
- Captain Archibald Y. Pocklington: February 1901-December 1902
- Captain Arthur Y. Moggridge: January 1907–April 1908
- Captain Clement Greatorex: April-December 1908
- Captain Henry J. L. Clarke: December 1908-August 1911
- Captain Philip H. Colomb: August 1911-January 1915
- Captain Ernest A. Taylor: January 1915-May 1916
- Captain William Bowden-Smith: May-July 1916
- Captain Alexander V. Campbell: July 1916-April 1918
- Captain Cecil M. Staveley: April-October 1918
Chief of Staff, the Nore
Post holders supporting the CINC, Nore included:[26]
- Captain Theobald W.B. Kennedy: October 1918-May 1921
- Captain Wilfred Tomkinson: May 1921-June 1923
- Captain Herbert W.W. Hope: June 1923-December 1924
- Captain the Hon. William S. Leveson-Gower: December 1924-May 1927
- Captain the Hon. E. Barry S. Bingham: May 1927-May 1929
- Captain Douglas B. Le Mottee: May 1929-May 1931
- Captain Reginald V. Holt: May 1931-August 1933
- Captain Hector Boyes: August 1933-November 1934
- Captain Robert B. Ramsay: November 1934-December 1935
- Captain Reginald B. Darke: December 1935-August 1937
- Captain Philip Esmonde Phillips: August 1937-July 1938
- Captain the Hon. George Fraser: July 1938-May 1940
- Rear-Admiral Alfred H. Taylor: May 1940-March 1943
- Commodore George H. Creswell: March-October 1943
- Commodore Robert G.H. Linzee: October 1943-April 1946
- Captain Albert L. Poland: April 1946-July 1948
- Captain Lennox A. K. Boswell: July 1948-May 1949
- Captain Arthur M. Knapp: May 1949-June 1951
- Captain Herbert F.H. Layman: June 1951-January 1953
- Captain Ronald E. Portlock: January 1953-December 1954
- Captain John A. W. Tothill: December 1954-July 1956
- Captain William A.F. Hawkins: July 1956-December 1957
- Captain Roger B.N. Hicks: December 1957-April 1960
- Captain Barry J. Anderson: April 1960-March 1961
Offices under the Chief of Staff
Included:[27]
- Deputy Chief of Staff
- Assistant Secretary
- Duty Staff Officer
- Flag Lieutenant-Commander
- Secretary to Chief of Staff
- Staff Officer (Minesweeping)
- Staff Officer A/P & Deputy Staff Officer (Minesweeping)
- Staff Officer (Convoys)
- Staff Officer (Intelligence)
- Staff Officer (LD)
- Staff Officer (Operations)
- Staff Officer (Plans)
- Staff Signal Officer
- Staff Torpedo Officer
- Maintenance Captain
Nore Command
Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham (at its most extensive, in the early 20th century, two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham)
Captain-Superintendent, Chatham Dockyard
Admiral-Superintendent, Chatham Dockyard
Nore Reserve Division
- Note: There was no Home Fleet between 1905 and 1907 remaining ships at a lesser state of readiness were split into 3 reserve divisions: Devonport Division, Nore Division, and Portsmouth Division [28] In 1909 the division is brought out of reserve status and becomes operational as part of the 3rd and 4th Division of the Home Fleet.
Rear Admiral, Commanding Chatham Sheerness Reserve Division
- Post holders included:[29]
# | Rank | Flag | Name | Term |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rear Admiral, Commanding Chatham Sheerness Reserve Division | ||||
1 | Rear-Admiral | ![]() |
Walter H. B. Graham, | 3 January, 1905 – 3 January 1906 |
2 | Rear-Admiral | ![]() |
Charles H. Adair | 3 January 1906 - 3 January, 1907 |
3 | Rear-Admiral | ![]() |
Frank Finnis | 3 January, 1907 - 4 January, 1909 |
Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham
The Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham were purpose-built to provide accommodation and training facilities for the men of the reserve fleet who were waiting to be appointed to ships. Designed by Colonel Henry Pilkington, construction of the barracks began in 1897 and completed in December 1902.[30]
Commodore-in-Command, Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham
Sheerness Dockyard
Sheerness Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the Sheerness peninsula, at the mouth of the River Medway in Kent. It was opened in the 1660s and closed in 1960.
Admiral-Superintendent, Sheerness Dockyard
Nore, sub-area commands
Nore command consisted of nine shore sub-commands usually administered by either a retired vice or rear admiral or an active captain sometimes style as Senior Naval Officer or Flag Officer.Cite error: The <ref>
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Stations | Flag Ship or Ships borne in | Flag Officers/Officers commanding | Dates | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brightlingsea Station | HMS Wallaroo | Rear Admiral, Brighlingsea | 1914 - 1915 | |
Brightlingsea Station | HMS City of Perth then HMS Nemo | Senior Naval officer, Brighlingsea | 1914-1945 | [31][32][33] |
Dover Station | HMS Nemo | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Dover & CO HMS Lynx | 1945-1946 | [34] |
Harwich Station | HMS Badger | Flag Officer-in-Charge, Harwich | 1914-1944 | |
Humber Station | HMS Beaver | Flag Officer-in-Charge, Humber | 1939 - 1946 | [32] |
London Station | HMS Yeoman | Flag Officer-in-Charge, London | 1938-1946 | [32] |
Lowestoft Station | HMS Minos | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Lowestoft | 1914-1918, 1942-1946 | [32] |
Southend Station | HMS Leigh | Commander-in-Charge, Southend | 1914-1918, 1942-1946 | [32] |
Yarmouth Station | HMS Watchful | Flag Officer-in-Charge, Yarmouth | 1942-1945 | [32] |
Facilities in this commmand
Various units that served in this command included:
Facility | Based at | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Chatham | Chatham, Kent | 1914-1918 | chain of command was to the Grand Fleet |
HM Naval Base, Immingham | Immingham | 1914-1918 | chain of command was to the SNO/FO, Humber Station |
Sheerness Dockyard | Sheerness, Isle of Sheppey, Kent | 1914-1918 | |
RNTE Shotley | Chatham | 1914-1918 | Shotley Training Establishment |
Naval formations that served under this command
Various units that served in this command included:[35][36][37]
Naval Units | Based at | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Reserve Fleet | Chatham | 1900-1905 | 4 protected cruisers |
Reserve Fleet | Chatham | 1906-1914 | 13 cruisers from the Aeolus, Arrogant, Astraea, Diadem, Eclipse, Edgar classes. |
Reserve Fleet | Chatham | 1939 | inc: 6 cruisers, 15 destroyers, and 5 minesweepers |
3rd Battle Squadron | Chatham | May 1916-April 1918 | ex Grand Fleet |
2nd Cruiser Squadron | Chatham | 1939-1940 | |
5th Cruiser Squadron | Chatham | 1908-1909 | |
7th Cruiser Squadron | Chatham | 1912 | |
HMS Curacoa (D41) | Chatham | 1939 | C-class cruiser (light) |
HMS London (69) | Chatham | 1939 | County-class cruiser |
1st Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | December 1939-June 1940 | |
4th Destroyer Flotilla | Humber | August - December, 1916 | |
5th Destroyer Flotilla | Chatham | 1939-1940 | |
7th Destroyer Flotilla | Humber/Chatham | August 1914 - November 1918, 1939-1940 | WWI part of AOPs |
8th Destroyer Flotilla | Chatham | 1911-1914 | 1 cruiser leader, 2 scout cruisers and 24 torpedo boat destroyers |
9th Destroyer Flotilla | Nore | 1911-1914 | 1 cruiser leader, 2 scout cruisers and 27 destroyers |
16th Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | June 1940-May 1945 | |
18th Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | June-December, 1940 | disbanded |
19th Destroyer Flotilla | Chatham | September-October, 1939 | transferred to Dover Command |
20th Destroyer Flotilla | Immingham | 1914-1918, 1941 | |
21st Destroyer Flotilla | Sheerness | July 1940-May 1945 | formed the southern force for the escort of east coast convoys |
22nd Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | November-December, 1939 | inc: renamed 1st Destroyer Flotilla |
Nore Flotilla | Harwich | 1895-1909 | 43 torpedo boat destroyers |
Nore Local Flotilla | Harwich | 1912-1914 | was a Destroyer Flotilla |
20th Minelaying Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | 1939-1940 | |
4th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | September 1939-July 1942 | |
5th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | September 1939-April 1941 | absorbed into 4MSF |
6th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | May-September 1940 | |
7th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | March 1944-January 1945 | |
8th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | 1939 | |
10th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | April 1945 | |
11th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | April 1945 | |
15th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | February 1944 | |
18th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | May 1943 | |
40th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | 1945 | |
44nd Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | August 1944 | |
117 Minesweeper Flotilla | Sheerness | 1944 | |
133 Minesweeper Flotilla | Sheerness | 1944 | |
140 Minesweeper Flotilla | Sheerness & Harwich | 1944 | divided between two naval bases |
163 Minesweeper Flotilla | Lowestoft | 1944 | |
202 Minesweeper Flotilla | Lowestoft | 1944 | |
203 Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | 1944 | |
5th Motor Topedo Boat Flotilla | Immingham | 1939 - 1941 | |
11th Motor Topedo Boat Flotilla | Felixstowe | 1944 | |
21st Motor Topedo Boat Flotilla | Felixstowe | 1944 | |
22nd Motor Topedo Boat Flotilla | Felixstowe | 1944 | |
29th Motor Topedo Boat Flotilla | Felixstowe | 1939 | |
2nd Submarine Flotilla | Immingham | August 1916 - February 1917 | coastal defence C Class |
3rd Submarine Flotilla | Immingham/Humber/Harwich | September 1916-1918, October 1939-May 1940 | |
4th Submarine Flotilla | Sherness | August 1916-September 1917 | Disbanded |
5th Submarine Flotilla | Sherness | August 1914-August 1916 | renamed 4th Submarine Flotilla |
6th Submarine Flotilla | Humber | August 1914 - August 1916 |
Naval formations that received shore support from this command
Various units that served in this command included:[38]
Naval Units | Based at | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Admiral of Patrols | Chatham | 1914-1918 | chain of command was to the Grand Fleet |
Dover Patrol | Chatham | 1914-1918 | |
Harwich Force | Chatham | 1914-1918 | |
Humber Force | Grimsby/Hull | 1914-1918, 1939-1940 | |
Southern Force | Chatham | 1914-1918 |
Notes
- ^ a b c d Area Combined Headquarters Chatham & HMS Wildfire
- ^ Rodger, N. A. M. (2006). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649-1815. Penguin Books Limited. p. 88. ISBN 9780141915906.
- ^ Royal Naval events
- ^ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Monday, 17 December 1906. Issue 38205, col D, p. 10
- ^ "Subterranea Britannica: Sites:HMS Wildfire". Subbrit.org.uk. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- ^ Niehorster, Dr. Leo. "Nore Command, Royal Navy, 06.06.1944". www.niehorster.org. L. Niwhorster, 14 June 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- ^ Sea Your History
- ^ Whitaker's Almanacks 1869 - 1961
- ^ William Loney RN
- ^ Royal Navy Flag Officers 1904-1975
- ^ a b Stewart, William (2009). Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present. Jefferson, NC, USA: McFarland. p. 181. ISBN 9780786438099.
- ^ The Georgian Era: Military and naval commanders. Judges and barristers. Physicians and surgeons. London, England: Vizetelly, Branston and Company. 1833.
- ^ Laughton, John Knox. "Hardy Thomas (1666-1732)". Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900. Smith, Elder & Co, 1885-1900. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^ Elder.), Charles FEARNE (the (1746). Minutes of the proceedings of a court-martial, assembled on the 23d of September, 1745 ... to enquire into the conduct of Admiral Mathews, Vice-Admiral Lestock, and several other officers ... Containing the proceedings upon the opening of the court, and the trials at large of the lieutenants of the Dorsetshire, and of Captain Burrish. London, England: HM Government. pp. 3–4.
- ^ Donnithorne, Christopher. "Naval Biographical Database: Commander-in-Chief, Nore, 1742-1745". www.navylist.org. The National Museum of the Royal Navy (Portsmouth) Library. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ Charnock, John (1797). Biographia Navalis: Or, Impartial Memoirs of the Lives and Characters of Officers of the Navy of Great Britain, from the Year 1660 to the Present Time; Drawn from the Most Authentic Sources, and Disposed in a Chronological Arrangement. London, England: R. Faulder. p. 301.
- ^ Woodard, David (1804). The narrative of captain David Woodard and four seamen, who ... surrendered themselves up to the Malays, in the island of Celebes [&c. Ed. by W. Vaughan]. Oxford, England: Johnson. p. 176.
- ^ Schomberg, Isaac (1802). Naval Chronology, Or an Historical Summary of Naval and Maritime Events from the Time of the Romans, to the Treaty of Peace 1802: With an Appendix. London, England: C, Roworth. p. 235.
- ^ The Literary Panorama: Biographical Memoirs Roddam. London, England: Cox Son and Baylis. 1808. p. 1330.
- ^ The Gentleman's Magazine (London, England). London, England: F. Jefferies. 1828. p. 569.
- ^ (hon.), Thomas Keppel; (visct.), Augustus Keppel (1842). "XI". The life of Augustus, viscount Keppel. London, England: Henry Colburn. p. 289.
- ^ The Annual Register: World Events .... 1797. London, England: R. Gilbert and Sons. 1797. p. 394.
- ^ Donnithorne, Christopher. "Naval Biographical Database: Commander-in-Chief, Nore, 1797-1834". www.navylist.org. The National Museum of the Royal Navy (Portsmouth) Library. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ Donnithorne, Christopher. "Naval Biographical Database: Commander-in-Chief, Sheerness, 1834-1899". www.navylist.org. The National Museum of the Royal Navy (Portsmouth) Library. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ Donnithorne, Christopher. "Naval Biographical Database: Commander-in-Chief, Nore, 1899-1955". www.navylist.org. The National Museum of the Royal Navy (Portsmouth) Library. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ a b Mackie, Gordon. "Royal Navy Senior Appointments from 1865" (PDF). gulabin.com. G. Mackie, pp.77-78, June 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Houterman, J.N. "Royal Navy Nore Command 1939-1945". www.unithistories.com. Houterman and Koppes, 2010-2014. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployments 1900-1914: January 1905-February 1907". www.naval-history.net. Graham Smith, 8 August 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ Mackie. 2017
- ^ "History of Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham" (PDF). campus.medway.ac.uk. University of Medway, p,2, 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Houterman, J.N. "Royal Navy Nore Command 1939-1945: Brighlingsea". unithistories.com. Houterman and Koppes. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f The Navy List. London, England: H. M. Stationary Office. January 1919. p. 2255.
- ^ The Navy List. London, England: H. M. Stationary Office. January 1920. p. 693.
- ^ Houterman, J.N. "Royal Navy Nore Command 1939-1945: Dover". www.unithistories.com. Houterman and Kloppes. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ^ Niehorster, Dr. Leo. "Nore Command, Royal Navy, 06.06.1944". www.niehorster.org. L. Niehorster, 14 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Niehorster, Dr. Leo. "Nore Command, Royal Navy, 3.09.39". www.niehorster.org. L. Niehorster, 1 May 2001. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Orgnisation in World War 2, 1939-1945: Nore Command". naval-history.net. G. Smith, 19 September 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, Inter-War Years 1914-1918". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 27 October 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2018.