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Foreign relations of Guinea

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Foreign relations

The foreign relations of Guinea, including those with its West African neighbors, have improved steadily since 1985.[1]

Diplomatic history

Guinea re-established relations with France and West Germany in 1975, and with neighboring Ivory Coast and Senegal in 1978.[2] Guinea has been active in efforts toward regional integration and cooperation, especially regarding the Organisation of African Unity and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).[citation needed]

Guinea has participated in both diplomatic and military efforts to resolve conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau, and contributed contingents of troops to peacekeeping operations in all three countries as part of ECOMOG, the Military Observer Group of ECOWAS.[3] In the 1990s, Guinea hosted almost a million refugees fleeing the civil wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia.[4] As of 2004, Guinea maintained a policy of unrestricted admission to refugees.[4]

Guinea is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military (as covered under Article 98).[5]

2009 ambassador recall

On 5 May 2009, President Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a bloodless coup which followed the 22 December 2008 death of President Lansana Conté, announced the recall of 30 of Guinea's ambassadors to other countries.[6] The order was made by a presidential decree on state television and was the first major diplomatic move made by the new leader.[6]

The decision affected ambassadors to the United States, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Cuba, Switzerland, Serbia, Malaysia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Senegal, Nigeria, Libya, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, Gabon, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau, comprising almost all of Guinea's foreign embassies.[6][7][8] The Guinean representatives to the European Union, the United Nations and the African Union were also affected.[6][7]

No reason was stated for the recall.[7] The Tocqueville Connection states: "Most of the ambassadors were appointed by former prime minister Lansana Kouyaté, in office from February 2007 until May 2008,"[7] raising the possibility that the recall was an attempt on the part of Camara to distance himself from the previous government.

In late March 2009, the Guinean ambassador to Serbia faced expulsion for personal involvement in cigarette smuggling (1,000 packs of cigarettes were found in his BMW) but avoided arrest due to diplomatic immunity (although he was declared as persona non grata).[9]

2021 coup d'etat

The September 5, 2021 coup d'etat brought swift condemnation and threats of sanctions from the United Nations, the African Union, the West African regional bloc ECOWAS (which suspended Guinea), and close allies of Guinea—as well as the United States—among others.[10][11][12] China, uncharacteristically, also openly opposed the coup.[13]

Further information: 2021 Guinean coup d'état

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia
  • Australia and Guinea share close interests in the mining sector. They are the two largest bauxite producers in the world (see List of countries by bauxite production) and were founding signatories in the 1970s of the (now defunct) International Bauxite Agreement. Australian companies are involved in developing the Guinean mining sector.
  • Guinea is accredited to Australia, through its embassy in Tokyo.[14]
  • Australia is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Accra, Ghana.[15]
 Azerbaijan 11 March 1992[16]
  • The Republic of Guinea was one of the first states to recognize the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on January 9, 1992.[16]
  • The Republic of Guinea was also the first African state to establish diplomatic relations with Azerbaijan, creating bilateral diplomatic ties on March 11, 1992.[16]
 Canada March 1962
 China 14 October 1959 See China–Guinea relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1959, making Guinea the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to establish formal relations with China.[19] China has become heavily dependent upon Guinea for bauxite (aluminum ore) -- Guinea's principal export—consuming half of it.[13]

 France 1958
  • France has an embassy in Conakry.[20]
  • Guinea has an embassy in Paris.[21]
 Malaysia
 Indonesia 1963
  • Indonesia's embassy in Dakar, Senegal is accredited to Guinea.
  • Guinea's embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is accredited to Indonesia.[23]
 Israel 2016 See Guinea–Israel relations

Diplomatic relations between Guinea and Israel were discontinued in 1967. They resumed in June 2016.[24]

 Mexico 25 January 1962
 North Korea 8 October 1958
  • North Korea has an embassy in Conakry.
 South Korea 28 August 2006
  • Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Guinea were established on 28 August 2006. The number of South Koreans living in Guinea in 2011 was 70.[27]
  • Guinea is accredited to South Korea, through its embassy in Tokyo.[14]
  • South Korea is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
 Serbia 1958
  • Serbia is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Belgrade.[28]
 Turkey 1960[29]
 United States See Guinea – United States relations

Guinea became the first French African colony to gain independence, on 2 October 1958, at the cost of the immediate cessation of all French assistance.

After a temporary suspension due to nationwide political unrest in early 2007, the Peace Corps program in Guinea resumed operations at the end of July. Prior to the suspension, Peace Corps had more than 100 volunteers throughout the country, and the program is gradually increasing its numbers again. Volunteers work in four project areas: secondary education, environment/agro-forestry, public health and HIV/AIDS prevention, and small enterprise development. Guinea has also had a strong Crisis Corps program through the last few years.

The U.S. "condemned" Guinea's "2008 military coup d’etat,"—but had "close relations" with Guinea before the coup, and after "Guinea’s presidential elections in 2010"—in support of "democratic reform."[31] However, the U.S. State Department immediately condemned the September 5, 2021 coup d'etat, warning against "violence and any extra-constitutional measures, [which] could limit the ability of the United States and Guinea’s other international partners to support the country..."[10][11]

 Vietnam 9 October 1958
  • Guinea is the first country in Africa to establish formal diplomatic relations with Vietnam.
  • Vietnam's embassy in Rabat, Morocco is accredited to Guinea.
  • Guinea's embassy in Beijing, China is accredited to Vietnam.[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ Background Note: Guinea, US Department of State, February 2009
  2. ^ "Guinea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People's Republic of China (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 31 January 2022. 1978年，几分别与塞内加尔和科特迪瓦重新互派大使并签订友好合作条约。{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ ECOMOG: peacekeeper or participant?, BBC News Online, February 11, 1998
  4. ^ a b Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "UNHCR Global Report 2004 - Guinea". UNHCR. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
  5. ^ Status of US Bilateral Immunity Agreements (BIAs). Coalition of the International Criminal Court
  6. ^ a b c d Sillah, Alhassan (6 May 2009). "Guinea recalls 30 ambassadors, from US to China". Seattle Times. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
  7. ^ a b c d "Guinea junta recalls 30 ambassadors". The Tocqueville Connection. 2009-05-06. Archived from the original on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
  8. ^ "World Digest". Hometown Annapolis. 6 May 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
  9. ^ Ambasador Gvineje švercovao cigarete
  10. ^ a b "Guinea coup leader bars foreign travel for government officials," Reuters News Service, retrieved September 6, 2021
  11. ^ a b "On the Military Seizure of Power in Guinea," September 5, 2021, United States Department of State, retrieved September 6, 2021
  12. ^ "West African leaders suspend Guinea from Ecowas following coup," September 9, 2021, BBC News, retrieved September 9, 2021
  13. ^ a b "China Is OK With Interfering in Guinea’s Internal Affairs,", September 8, 2021, Foreign Policy retrieved September 9, 2021
  14. ^ a b "AMBASSADEUR EXTRAORDINAIRE ET PLÉNIPOTENTIAIRE DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DE GUINÉE". Guinean Embassy, Tokyo (in French). Archived from the original on 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2022-02-02. Guinée et à ses relations avec les pays relevant de sa juridiction à savoir le Japon, la Corée du Sud, les Philippines, Singapore, l'Australie, la Nouvelle Zélande, et la République de Fiji
  15. ^ Australian High Commission in Ghana. "home". Australian High Commission in Ghana website. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  16. ^ a b c "Guinea". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
  17. ^ Embassy of Canada in Senegal
  18. ^ "Embassy of Guinea in Canada". Archived from the original on 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  19. ^ "Guinea -- china.org.cn". Archived from the original on 2010-10-26.
  20. ^ Embassy of Franc in Guinea
  21. ^ Embassy of Guinea in France
  22. ^ "几内亚大使馆". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Thailand. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  23. ^ "Guinea" (in Indonesian). Indonesian embassy in Dakar, Senegal. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  24. ^ http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2016/Pages/MFA-Dir-Gen-Gold-visits-the-Republic-of-Guinea-22-August-2016.aspx [bare URL]
  25. ^ Accreditation of Guinea to Mexico
  26. ^ Embassy of Mexico in Nigeria
  27. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa". Archived from the original on 2015-09-04.
  28. ^ "Guinea". MFA Serbia. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  29. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Guinea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  30. ^ a b c d "Relations between Turkey and Guinea".
  31. ^ "U.S. Relations With Guinea," October 30, 2018, United States Department of State, retrieved September 6, 2021
  32. ^ Embassy of Guinea in the United States
  33. ^ Embassy of the United States in Guinea
  34. ^ "Tài liệu cơ bản về nước Cộng hòa Ghi-nê (Ghi-nê Cô-na-cơ-ri) và quan hệ với Việt Nam".
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