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December 2022 North American winter storm

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Late December 2022 North American winter storm
The storm near peak intensity while over Canada on December 23
TypeWinter storm
Bomb cyclone
Extratropical cyclone
Cold wave
Blizzard
FormedDecember 21, 2022
DissipatedDecember 26, 2022
Lowest pressure963[1] mb (28.44 inHg)
Maximum snowfall
or ice accretion		51.5 in (131 cm) in Buffalo, New York[2]
Fatalities89[note 1]
Power outages2,670,000[3][4]

From December 21 to 26, 2022, a historic Extratropical cyclone brought blizzard conditions and winter storm to much of the United States and Canada, killing at least 89 people, causing vehicle pileups and road closures as well as cancelling or delaying more than 10,000 flights during the busy Christmas travel season. The storm was unofficially named Winter Storm Elliott by The Weather Channel.[5] The National Weather Service in Buffalo, New York described it as a "once-in-a-generation storm"[6][7][8] in forecasts and the Weather Prediction Center later remarked that it was a "historic arctic outbreak".[9]

Meteorological history

December 22, 2022, warnings, watches, and advisories issued by the National Weather Service

The storm began to form on December 21, 2022, strengthening over the Northern Plains.[10] It began to intensify over the next day, with The Weather Channel predicting that it would turn into a Bomb cyclone.[11] Blizzard conditions (visibility less than 0.25 miles (400 m) and wind gusts greater than 40 miles per hour (64 km/h)) were met in rural areas of southern Minnesota, northern Iowa and southwestern Wisconsin.[12] As the storm swept from Indiana into Ontario between the afternoons of December 23 and 24, the storm's pressure plummeted 35 millibars (35 hPa) – well over the threshold for a bomb cyclone, which is a 25 millibars (25 hPa) drop – creating a massive wind field with bitterly frigid air.[13]

Detroit experienced three brief periods of Whiteout on December 23 with visibility reduced to 1.5 miles (2.4 km) or less from 8 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.[14] Grand Rapids, Michigan had blizzard conditions/zero visibility from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. on December 23 and reduced visibility of 1.5 miles (2.4 km) or less until 5 p.m. on December 24[15] and received 24.8 in (63 cm) of snow between December 22 and 26.[16] Baraga, in northwestern Michigan, received the most snowfall from the blizzard in that state with 42.8 in (109 cm).[17] Blizzard conditions occurred in Cincinnati, Ohio on December 23, despite no blizzard warning being issued for that area.[18] Cleveland had zero visibility conditions from 5:30 a.m. until 5 p.m. on December 23[19] and received a total of 3.6 inches of snow that day.[20]

The blizzard's intense wind gusts blowing over the warm waters of Lake Erie[13] triggered record lake effect snow in Buffalo, New York, which at first fell as 2.0 in (51 mm) of rain but later converted to snow and accumulated to 49.2 in (125 cm) over 5 days ending on December 27.[21][13] Buffalo experienced zero visibility/complete whiteout conditions from 9 a.m. on December 23 until 1 a.m. on December 25 and again from 5 a.m. until 7:30 a.m. on December 26.[22] Buffalo's 37.5 hours of blizzard conditions was the longest blizzard in the city's history.[17][23] The nearly two full days of severe blizzard conditions forced snow into massive drifts shuttering the city and leaving hundreds stranded.[24] Winds in Buffalo gusted over 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) for more than 24 consecutive hours and between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. on December 23, winds exceeded 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) every hour.[13] The highest reported winds in Buffalo were 79 mph (127 km/h).[25] The blizzard also deposited high snow fall amounts on northern New York; Henderson Harbor, near Water town, recorded 40.8 in (104 cm).[17]

As the storm began to exit the United States, it brought the 4th highest high tide on record to Portland, Maine.[26] Shortly after, a severe thunderstorm warning was put in place for New York City and for Long Island.[27] The cold air left in the wake of the storm brought ocean-effect snow to Cape Cod.[28]

In Ontario, among airport weather stations reporting wind speeds and visibility (Sarnia, London, Kitchener, Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catharines, Wiarton, Peterborough, Kingston, Ottawa), Kingston had blizzard conditions (visibility reduced to 400 metres (0.25 mi) or less due to blowing snow) from 2 p.m. on December 23 until 7 p.m. on December 24 along with a peak wind gust of 98 kilometres per hour (61 mph).[29] Nearby Prince Edward County had some snow drifts as high as traffic signs and some even as high as telephone poles.[30] Wiarton had blizzard conditions from noon until 9 p.m. on December 23,[31] and Chatham had visibility of 200 metres (0.12 mi) from 8 a.m. until 7 p.m. on December 23, with peak wind gusts of 89 kilometres per hour (55 mph).[32] In addition, St. Catharines had seven hours of visibility of 400 metres (0.25 mi) or less on December 23, with peak wind gusts of 96 km/h on both that day and December 24,[33] and Hamilton had six hours of 400 metres (0.25 mi) or less visibility, including one hour of zero meters visibility, on December 23.[34] The southern half of the Niagara Region, including Fort Erie, had blizzard conditions for most of December 23 and 24, leading the Niagara Region to declare a state of emergency.[35] An average of 76 centimetres (30 in) fell in Fort Erie with drifts as high as 3 metres (9.8 ft) while peak wind gusts of 125 km/h were recorded in nearby Port Colborne.[36]

In Quebec, Montreal experienced four hours of 600-meter visibility and winds exceeding 50 km/h overnight from December 23 to December 24,[37] while Quebec City experienced the same for four hours early the morning of December 24.[38] A gust of 121 kilometres per hour (75 mph) was recorded in Quebec City, while Baie-Comeau experienced a gust measured at 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph); both are new all-time December records.[39]

The storm's winds created a seiche on Lake Erie, resulting in record low water levels in the lake's western basin.[40][41]

Preparations

On December 22, 2022, President Joe Biden asked Americans to "please take this storm extremely seriously".[42]

On December 21, Georgia governor Brian Kemp declared a state of emergency and warned the public.[43] On December 22, South Dakota governor Kristi Noem declared a winter storm emergency for the state and activated the National Guard.[44] By December 22, states of emergency were also declared in Colorado, Connecticut, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, New York, Oklahoma, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.[45] Ahead of the winter storm, many people decided to cancel Christmas celebrations.[46]

Environment Canada issued a blizzard warning for a large swath of southwestern and midwestern Ontario (notably not including Toronto and the Greater Golden Horseshoe), as well as southern Niagara Region, areas east of Georgian Bay and the eastern end of Lake Ontario, including Kingston, while winter storm warnings were issued for the remainder of Southern Ontario.[47]

Impact

Fatalities
Country Regions Deaths
Canada British Columbia 4[48]
United States Colorado 6[49][50]
Georgia 1[51]
Kansas 3[52]
Kentucky 3[53]
Maryland 1[54]
Michigan 1[55]
Mississippi 1[56]
Missouri 1[57]
Nebraska 1[58]
New York 38[59]
Ohio 16[60][61][62][63]
Oklahoma 3[64]
Oregon 1[65]
Pennsylvania 1[66]
South Carolina 3[67][68]
South Dakota 1[69]
Tennessee 1[70]
Vermont 1[61]
Wisconsin 2[71][72]
Total:0 89

Deaths

Storm-related deaths occurred from diverse causes, including cold exposure, car accidents, falling branches, electrocutions, and carbon monoxide poisonings.[8]

In Oklahoma, dangerous road conditions caused by the storm caused multiple accidents, killing one person.[73] In Kentucky, three people died; two died as a result of car accidents, while the other was homeless.[53] In northern Frederick County, Maryland, a man died after a tree fell on his car while he was driving west on MD 77.[54] In Ohio, an accident involving more than 50 vehicles on the eastbound lanes of the Ohio Turnpike in Sandusky County closed the highway for multiple hours and caused four fatalities.[74] In Colorado six people, four in Colorado Springs[50] and two in Denver,[49] are reported to have died from exposure to the cold.

The intense blizzard in the Buffalo region of New York caused 38 deaths, many of them pedestrians who had become disoriented and were found in snowbanks, as well as drivers stranded in their cars for over two days, residents who died in their homes without heat, those who died from cardiac arrest while shovelling snow, and residents who died when emergency crews could not respond in time of medical crisis.[59][75] On December 28, the National Guard went door to door in parts of Buffalo to check on people who had been without electricity due to the blizzard.[76] The 2022 storm was even deadlier than the Blizzard of 1977 for the region.[77]

In Ontario's hard hit Niagara Region, the Emergency Medical Services acting Chief stated December 27, "at this time EMS is not able to confirm any deaths or injuries directly or solely attributable to the storm" and "emergency medical responses are complex, with many factors often contributing to a medical event, and it would be impossible to accurately quantify the effect of the storm on patient outcomes."[36] He added that his paramedics "focused our limited resources on the highest priority calls, ensuring those who were in the greatest need were attended to as quickly as possible" and acknowledged that paramedics responded to calls regarding chest pain and cardiac events brought on by snow removal, as well as incidents with people using gas-fuelled devices indoors.[36] The Port Colborne Fire and Emergency Services Chief said his team responded to multiple incidents regarding carbon monoxide, including one with "very serious" injuries but would not detail exact outcomes.[36]

Infrastructure

Travel disruptions

Widespread travel disruptions of all modes occurred across the affected area.

In the Seattle area, all buses operated by King County Metro and Sound Transit were cancelled due to icy road conditions. The Seattle Center Monorail was also suspended.[78]

A fifty vehicle pileup occurred Friday afternoon on eastbound Ohio Turnpike in Sandusky County, Ohio, with the eventual pileup extending across the county border into Erie County.[79][80][81] The pileup involved at least fifteen commercial vehicles including semi-trailer trucks.[79][80] Four fatalities, including passengers in at least three different vehicles, were reported as a result of this pileup.[79][81] Both directions of the turnpike were closed for the stretch between SR 53 and SR 4 until mid afternoon Saturday while crews cleared the road.[82]

In Michigan, the Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan cancelled all buses between Detroit and Ann Arbor on Friday due to the storm.[83][non-primary source needed] In Metro Detroit, SMART suspended service on their three park & ride bus routes on Friday.[84][non-primary source needed]

In Ontario, GO Transit (servicing the Greater Golden Horseshoe around Toronto) announced the implementation of its snow plan, which reduced peak train service and suspended express trains, and cancelled some buses in the Niagara Region, where winds of 100 km/h were anticipated. In Toronto, the Transit Commission suspended service at 41 bus stops at hilly locations and suspended service on the Scarborough light rapid transit line.[85]

In New York City, the Staten Island Ferry was suspended for around an hour.[86]

Flight delays and cancellations

The storm forced the cancellation at least 1,000 flights by December 21, according to flight tracking company FlightAware,[10] with Denver International Airport cancelling 500 flights.[87] By December 22, Flight-aware reported that more than 10,000 flights had been delayed or cancelled.[88]

Buffalo International Airport was completely closed from the morning of December 23 until the morning of December 28.[76] In Massachusetts, Boston Logan International Airport was forced to cancel all flights on December 23. This led to significant issues for many who were travelling for the holidays.[89]

The storm closed two of the three operational runways at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.[78] Alaska Airlines temporarily halted flights from Seattle–Tacoma International Airport and Portland International Airport on December 23.[90] WestJet cancelled 126 flights in British Columbia and 140 flights in Ontario and Quebec.[91] Red Cross Canada set up comfort and care areas at Vancouver International Airport with cots and food for stranded passengers during the storm.[92]

On Christmas Day, Southwest Airlines cancelled 48 percent of its scheduled flights. The following day, December 26, 2022, Southwest cancelled another 2,886 flights, which represented approximately 70 percent of the scheduled flights for that day. The United States Department of Transportation called the cancellations "unacceptable" and said it would "closely examine" Southwest's actions.[93] On December 28, it was announced Southwest Airlines had cancelled more flights for an extended period as a result of damage to operational systems which occurred from the storm as well.[94]

Road closures and crashes

Road closures were also prevalent during the storm. In North Dakota, portions of I-94, US 281, US 52 and ND 46 were closed.[95] Portions of I-435 closed in Kansas City, Missouri, as well.[96] In New Jersey, several interstate highways, as well as Route 440, were shut down to commercial travel until further notice starting at 9 a.m. on December 23.[97] I-94 had multiple major crashes in western Michigan.[98] Part of the Henry Hudson Parkway closed in the Bronx.[86] The Ohio Turnpike was closed in both directions due to multiple crashes, one of which involved over 50 vehicles and resulted in 4 fatalities.[99] In Gallatin County, Kentucky, I-71 closed due to multiple crashes.[100]

All major highways in western New York were closed due to the blizzard.[101] The Erie County Sherrif indicated that over 420 EMS calls had gone unanswered because emergency vehicles were unable to travel through the deep snow.[17] During the height of the blizzard, two-thirds of emergency vehicles sent out to rescue people had ended up needing to be rescued themselves.[25] City officials say this marked the first time in Buffalo's history that the fire department could not respond to calls.[102] Buffalo announced a two-day effort for December 27 and 28 to clear at least one lane on every street in the city to accommodate emergency vehicles.[17] Front-loader tractors were being used to shovel the snow into dump trucks as the snow was too deep to plow to the side of streets or in other cases, there was nowhere to plow it.[103] Hundreds of vehicles, including tractor-trailer rigs and buses, were snowed in and abandoned all over the city; hundreds of people were rescued from snowed in cars, some having been trapped for up to two days.[102]

In southwestern Ontario, Highway 401 was closed December 23 between London and Tilbury, west of Chatham, due to about 100 vehicles, including numerous tractor trailers, being involved in multiple collisions, while Highway 402 was closed between London and Sarnia because of a 50-vehicle pileup and deteriorating conditions.[104][105] Early in the afternoon, the Ontario Provincial Police (O.P.P.) announced that all highways and roads in Perth and Huron counties were closed due to blizzard conditions[104] while later in the afternoon the OPP closed all highways and roads in Bruce and Dufferin counties, some in Grey County and Highway 21 between Sarnia and Grand Bend within Lambton County.[106][107] While Highway 401 was reopened in the early evening of December 24, Highway 402 and all roads in Perth, Huron, Bruce and Grey counties remained closed the evening of December 24.[108]

All bridges between the Niagara Region of Canada and the Niagara Falls/Buffalo area of New York State were closed at 4:30 p.m. on December 23 due to county-wide travel bans in New York State.[109] The QEW in southern Niagara Region was closed from December 23 to 25 due to heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions.[110] In southern Niagara, snow drifts were so deep that most police vehicles and plows became stuck themselves and had to be abandoned until the snowfall subsided on December 25.[110] The 3 metre snow drifts across 4 metre roads were too much for most snow plows to penetrate so front-end loaders were being used and bigger snow plows and additional front-end loaders were being brought in from other municipalities, thus making the snow-clearing process slower than desirable.[36]

In eastern Ontario, the OPP closed all roads in Prince Edward County, west of Kingston, from December 24 until the morning of December 26 because of zero visibility, snow buildup and many cars abandoned on roadways.[111] Highway 417 between Ottawa and the Ontario-Quebec border was closed from 11 a.m. December 24 until 9 a.m. December 25 while Highway 401 between Quinte West and the Ontario-Quebec border was closed from the morning of December 24 until 10 a.m. December 25.[112] In central Ontario, Highway 11 was closed from Orillia to Huntsville beginning on December 24.[113]

On Christmas Eve in British Columbia, a bus crashed on Highway 97C between Kelowna and Merritt due to icy roads following the storm, killing four people and injuring 36.[48]

Train delays and cancellations

Several Amtrak trains were delayed, ran on modified schedules, or were cancelled entirely due to the storm.[114][115]

Canada's VIA Rail experienced weather-related issues with nine trains in the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor being delayed on December 23 and 24 due to trees and branches falling on the tracks or on the trains themselves; passengers on some trains were stranded near Cobourg for more than 18 hours.[116] In the afternoon of December 24, a freight train derailed forcing VIA to cancel all trains between Toronto and Ottawa or Montreal for that day, December 25 and 26.[117]

In the New York Metropolitan Area, trains experienced delays due to flooding. The Long Island Rail Road was shut down in both directions between Penn Station and Long Beach due to flash flooding, and the Metro North Hudson line was temporarily suspended between Poughkeepsie and Peekskill because of flooding as well. The New Jersey Transit experienced up to 30-minute delays.[118]

Snow Falling in Detroit on December 24

Travel bans

The city of Niagara Falls, New York, issued a travel ban with exceptions for essential travel.[119] Erie County, NY, which includes the city of Buffalo, followed suit shortly afterwards.[120] As of the morning of December 27, the travel ban remained in effect only for Buffalo.[121] On December 27, state and military police were sent to Buffalo to enforce the driving ban to enable snow-clearing efforts to progress.[122]

Energy emergencies

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration declared an emergency covering 44 US states and Washington, D.C., on December 22, suspending statutory driving time limits and other regulatory restrictions.[123] Colorado, Iowa, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Wisconsin all made similar declarations on a state level.[124][125][126]

Power outages

On December 23, poweroutages.us reported that nearly 1,500,000 customers were without power.[3] Of those power outages, Maine recorded over 250,000 customers without power, North Carolina over 180,000, and more than 100,000 in Virginia, Tennessee, and New York each.[127][128] High load caused the Tennessee Valley Authority in the southeastern US to announce several hours of rolling blackouts throughout much of their service area.[129][130][131] Duke Energy followed suit because of cold temperatures on December 24.[132]

About 670,000 households in Quebec were without power at different times during the storm.[4] In Ontario, 430,000 households were without power at different points in time during the storm.[4] About 70,000 in New Brunswick lost power.[4]

Sports

The National Hockey League postponed two games that were originally scheduled to be played on December 23: the Detroit Red Wings–Ottawa Senators game was moved to February 27, and the Tampa Bay Lightning–Buffalo Sabres game was rescheduled to March 4.[133] The Buffalo Sabres' road game against the Columbus Blue Jackets on December 27 was also postponed as the Buffalo area's travel ban remained in effect and the Buffalo airport remained closed.[134]

The National Football League postponed kickoff for a game between the Tennessee Titans and Houston Texans for an hour because of the rolling blackouts in the area.[135]

Corporate and institutional closures

Food processor Tyson Foods suspended operations at some of its plants as a result of the storm.[136] Many delivery services, including Amazon, FedEx, UPS, and USPS, had major delays at hubs or closures of processing sites due to weather conditions.[137][138]

In Southern Ontario, most school boards, including those as far east as Ottawa, closed schools for December 23.[139][106]

Many national parks in the United States closed due to the winter storm. These included the Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site in North Dakota, Badlands National Park in South Dakota, Appomattox Court House National Historical Park in Virginia, and Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site in North Carolina.[140]

In Pigeon Forge, Dollywood was closed on December 23 due to the wind chill being below zero.[141] The park opened on December 26 at 1:00 PM, two hours later than the scheduled opening time, but closed three hours early at 6:00 PM due to snow and ice. The park was closed again on December 27.[142]

Cold wave

Animation of High temperature from December 11 to 28

After the storm struck, a widespread cold wave moved through North America.

  • Denver saw 3.9 in (9.9 cm) of snow, as temperatures fell to −24 °F (−31 °C), the coldest temperature in the city since exactly 32 years ago, and just one degree shy of tying the monthly record low. Parts of the state saw over a foot (30 cm) of snow.[143][144][145] Denver saw their largest hourly temperature drop on December 21 from 4-5 p.m., as temperatures fell from 42 °F (6 °C) to 5 °F (−15 °C),[146] and the total drop from 51 °F (11 °C) to −24 °F (−31 °C) became the second largest two-day temperature swing in Denver.[147] With a high of just −6 °F (−21 °C), the mean temperature in Denver of −15 °F (−26 °C) was their second coldest mean temperature on record.[148]
  • Cheyenne, Wyoming, broke their hourly temperature drop record in just 30 minutes, as temperatures fell from 43 °F (6 °C) to 3 °F (−16 °C) from 1:05 p.m. to 1:35 p.m.[149] In Casper, the low of −42 °F (−41 °C) set an all time record.[150]
  • In Nashville, the low of −1 °F (−18 °C) was the coldest low temperature in the city since 1996.[151]
  • On December 23, Athens, Georgia, saw their coldest temperature since 1989 and set a daily low temperature record of 11 °F (−12 °C).[152]
  • On December 24, new daily record low temperatures were established in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Charleston, South Carolina, at −5 °F (−21 °C) and 20 °F (−7 °C) respectively.[153] Most of the New York Metropolitan Area observed record cold highs on December 24, though Central Park's high of 15 °F (−9 °C) did not break the record.[154] Several cities in the East Coast did see record cold highs on Christmas Eve, however. Washington, D.C. set a record for the coldest high temperature on Christmas Eve at 22 °F (−6 °C),[155] Philadelphia set a record cold high at 18 °F (−8 °C),[156] Baltimore tied its record cold high of 20 °F (−7 °C),[157] and Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania, smashed their record cold high for the date reaching 4 °F (−16 °C).[158] In Baltimore, the Baltimore Ravens experienced their coldest kickoff temperature on record, at 17 °F (−8 °C), with a wind chill of only 2 °F (−17 °C).[159]
  • Tampa froze on consecutive nights for the first time since 2010.[160] Some parts of Central Florida even recorded sleet and snow flurries on Christmas.[161] This caused some of the tallest rides at Universal Studios Orlando to close.[162] Christmas saw the coldest high temperatures on record in Miami at 50 °F (10 °C), Fort Lauderdale at 49 °F (9 °C), Naples at 52 °F (11 °C) and tied the record at Palm Beach at 47 °F (8 °C). In Fort Lauderdale, the high tied for the second coldest high on record.[163]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Across 19 US states and one Canadian province

References

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  66. ^ "At 3:25 pm EST, 1 SSW Collegeville [Montgomery Co, PA] 911 CALL CENTER reports NON-TSTM WND DMG. *** 1 FATAL *** UPDATES PREVIOUS NON-TSTM WND DMG REPORT FROM 1 SSW COLLEGEVILLE. DOWNED TREE ONTO POWERLINES ON PA ROUTE 29 IN UPPER PROVIDENCE TWP. A..." IEMBot. Retrieved December 24, 2022 – via Twitter.
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  74. ^ "OSHP: Four killed in 50-car pileup crash on Ohio Turnpike". 13abc.com. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
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  77. ^ "Buffalo faces more snow after deadliest storm in decades". Politico. December 27, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  78. ^ a b Kroman, David (December 23, 2022). "2 Sea-Tac Airport runways close; Metro, Sound Transit bus service halted". The Seattle Times. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
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  81. ^ a b "Four people dead, 46 vehicles involved in crash on Ohio Turnpike across Sandusky, Erie counties". WTOL. December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
  82. ^ "OSHP: Four killed in 50-vehicle pileup crash on Ohio Turnpike". WTVG. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
  83. ^ "CANCELLATION NOTICE: Due to the upcoming winter storm, all scheduled D2A2 rides on Friday, December 23rd will be cancelled. Please plan accordingly!". RTAmichigan. Retrieved December 26, 2022 – via Twitter.
  84. ^ "On Dec 23, the 805 Grand River, 830 Downriver, and 851 W. Bloomfield P&R will not run. Additional cuts are expected with significant delays. Check a mobility app for service updates before venturing out". smart_movesus. Retrieved December 26, 2022 – via Twitter.
  85. ^ Staff (December 23, 2022). "Toronto winter storm updates: More than a third of flights cancelled at Pearson airport; up to 100 vehicles involved in collisions on 401". Toronto Star. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  86. ^ a b Greene, Leonard; Gartland, Michael; Assuñçao, Muri (December 23, 2022). "NYC deep freeze in 'kitchen sink storm'; neighborhoods slammed by flash floods, high winds, high tides". Daily News. New York. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  87. ^ Sullivan, Becky (December 21, 2022). "A massive winter storm is sweeping across the U.S., making holiday travel dangerous". NPR. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  88. ^ Fox, Lauren; Fortin, Jacey; Paz, Isabella Grullón (December 22, 2022). "With roughly 10,000 flights affected by weather, travelers adjust or abandon their holiday plans". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  89. ^ Kincade, Kathleen (December 26, 2022). "Airlines busy at Logan Airport as travelers head home after the holidays". CBS News. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  90. ^ Sarisohn, Hannah (December 23, 2022). "Alaska Airlines cancels morning departures from Seattle and Portland due to icy runway conditions". CNN. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  91. ^ "WestJet cancels flights out of B.C. and Ontario due to winter storms". CBC. December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  92. ^ Charach, Kevin (December 25, 2022). "Vancouver airport getting back on track after hectic week of holiday travel". CTV News Vancouver. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  93. ^ Shepardson, David (December 26, 2022). "U.S. to examine Southwest Airlines cancellations, calls 'unacceptable'". Reuters. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  94. ^ Koenig, David (December 28, 2022). "Southwest Airlines flight cancellations continue to snowball". Associated Press. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  95. ^ Portions of I-94, US 52, US 281, and ND 46 closed due to winter weather, Valley News Live, December 22, 2022
  96. ^ Low visibility, slick conditions will remain even after snow stops, KMC, December 22, 2022
  97. ^ NJDOT issues commercial vehicle restrictions on multiple Interstate highways beginning at 9 a.m. Friday, December 23, New Jersey Department of Transportation, December 22, 2022
  98. ^ rboldrey@mlive.com, Ryan Boldrey | (December 23, 2022). "See video, photos from I-94 pileup involving nine semi trucks". mlive. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  99. ^ "Fatal crash involving 50 vehicles, multiple injuries closes portion of Ohio Turnpike in Sandusky County; crews on scene". wtol.com. December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  100. ^ "I-71 closes again south of Cincinnati: 'Avoid this area'". Fox19. December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  101. ^ "Portions of several major Western NY highways closed due to weather". spectrumlocalnews.com. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  102. ^ a b Shapiro, Emily; Hutchinson, Bill (December 27, 2022). "'Blizzard of Century": Death toll rises, military to enforce driving ban in Buffalo". ABC News. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  103. ^ DeDario, Lindsay; Mckay, Rich (December 28, 2022). "Buffalo, N.Y., digs out from deadly blizzard; warming could bring rain, slush". Reuters. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  104. ^ a b Sandstrom, Alison (December 23, 2022). "Up to 100 vehicles involved in crashes on Hwy 401 south of London". CTV News Kitchener. CTV Television Network. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  105. ^ Hyshka, Ashley (December 23, 2022). "50+ car pileup forces closure of Highway 402 from London to Sarnia". CTV News London. CTV Television Network. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  106. ^ a b Miller, Scott (December 23, 2022). "Blizzard closes roads across Midwestern Ontario". CTV News London. CTV Television Network. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  107. ^ Phillips, Kim (December 23, 2022). "OPP close roads as winter storm hammers the region". CTV News Barrie. CTV Television Network. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  108. ^ Hyshka, Ashley (December 24, 2022). "'Stay Home': Highway 402 remains closed on Saturday". CTV News London. CTV Television Network. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  109. ^ Staff (December 23, 2022). "All Niagara bridges are closed U.S. bound due to storm-related U.S. travel bans". CTV News Toronto. CTV Television Network. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  110. ^ a b "Fort Erie, Ont. digs out after crippling 2-day blizzard". December 25, 2022.
  111. ^ Raymond, Ted (December 26, 2022). "Roads reopen in Prince Edward County after storm shuts down region". CTV News Ottawa. CTV Television Network.
  112. ^ Staff (December 24, 2022). "What you need to know about the holiday storm that hit eastern Ontario, western Quebec". cbc.ca. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  113. ^ D-Avino, Christian (December 24, 2022). "Weather conditions close Highway 11 from north of Orillia to Huntsville". CTV News Barrie. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  114. ^ "Forecasted Severe Winter Weather Causes Service Changes". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Forecasted Severe Winter Weather Causes Service Changes". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Forecasted Severe Winter Weather Causes Service Changes Update". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."UPDATE: Trains 307, 354, 364, & 383 continued to be delayed in Chicago (CHI)". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Carolinian Train 80, which departed Charlotte (CLT), on 12/23 is currently operating approx. 4hrs late due to earlier freight train interference, signal, and weather-related issues along its route". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."UPDATE: Carolinian Train 80 will terminate in Baltimore (BAL). Customers are to board Train 66. We apologize for the inconvenience". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Due to ongoing delays from winter storm Elliot, Carolinian Train 79 is canceled. For more information, please call or text 1-800-USA-RAIL". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."UPDATE: Train 364 which departed Chicago (CHI) on 12/23 is back on the move and is currently operating approximately 11hrs 45mins late". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Due to the residual effects of winter weather, Lincoln service train 307 which departs Chicago (CHI) on 12/23 is cancelled. For more information, please call or text 1-800-USA-RAIL". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Due to the residual effects of winter weather, Lincoln service train 302 is canceled. For more information, please call or text 1-800-USA-RAIL". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Due to the residual effects of winter weather, Capitol Limited Train 29 which departs Washington (WAS) on 12/24 is cancelled. For more information, please call or text 1-800-USA-RAIL". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Due to the residual effects of winter weather, Capitol Limited Train 30 which departs Chicago (CHI) on 12/24 is cancelled. For more information, please call or text 1-800-USA-RAIL". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter."Due to ongoing delays from winter storm Elliot, Carolinian Train 80 scheduled to for service on 12/25 is cancelled. For more information, please call or text 1-800-USA-RAIL". Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Twitter.
  115. ^ Oshin, Olafimihan (December 22, 2022). "Amtrak suspending some service due to massive winter storm". The Hill. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  116. ^ Freeman, Joshua (December 24, 2022). "'Stressed beyond belief': Via Rail passengers stranded on trains for over 18 hours amid winter storm". CP24. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  117. ^ Farooqui, Salmaan (December 24, 2022). "VIA Rail service between Toronto and Ottawa, Montreal cancelled due to winter storm and CN train derailment". The Globe and Mail. Toronto, Ontario. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  118. ^ Flooding from winter storm overwhelms several NY shore communities, ABC7NY, December 23, 2022
  119. ^ Brown, Nicki (December 23, 2022). "Travel ban issued in the city of Niagara Falls, New York". CNN. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  120. ^ "Travel bans, advisories, road closures in effect for winter storm on Friday". wgrz.com. December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  121. ^ Travel bans, advisories, road closures are in effect for winter storm, WGRZ, December 27, 2022
  122. ^ Thompson, Carolyn; Peltz, Jennifer (December 27, 2022). "Military police enforce driving ban in snow-stricken Buffalo". Associated Press. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  123. ^ "Regional emergency declaration ordered by feds". Land Line. December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  124. ^ Kaska, Jimmie. "Gov. Evers declares energy emergency in Wisconsin". weau.com. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  125. ^ "Gov. Reynolds issues proclamation for transport of fuel used for heat during blizzard". KCCI. December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  126. ^ "South Dakota, Colorado issue HOS waivers over fuel concerns". Land Line. December 21, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  127. ^ Intensifying winter storm's icy cold and wind knocks out power to over a million customers, CNN, December 23, 2022
  128. ^ Storm batters Maine's coastal communities, causes widespread flooding and outages, Press Herald, December 23, 2022
  129. ^ "TVA ends rolling blackouts across East Tennessee". WJHL | Tri-Cities News & Weather. December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  130. ^ "Thousands of Middle Tennesseans impacted by power outages during dangerous cold". News Channel 5 Nashville (WTVF). December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  131. ^ Williams, Javon; Montgomery, Charles. "Many customers throughout North Alabama experiencing power outages, TVA cancels rolling blackouts". waff.com. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  132. ^ Weather updates: With demand peaking, Duke begins 'short, temporary' outages to save grid, The News and Observer, December 24, 2022
  133. ^ "NHL postpones 2 games scheduled for Friday because of weather". National Hockey League. December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  134. ^ "Sabres game against Blue Jackets on Tuesday postponed due to weather". National Hockey League. December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
  135. ^ NFL Delays Titans-Texans Kickoff In Tennessee Because Of Winter Storm, Deadline, December 23, 2022
  136. ^ Kelley, Lora (December 22, 2022). "Tyson Foods suspends operations at some meatpacking plants". The New York Times. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  137. ^ "Christmas alert: Amazon closes some sites, stop deliveries due to winter storm Elliott". Akron Beacon Journal. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  138. ^ "USPS, Amazon and FedEx close facilities across the country due to winter storm conditions". ABC7 New York. December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  139. ^ "Some school closures already announced in Ontario for Friday ahead of winter storm". globalnews.ca. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  140. ^ Parks Close As Bitter Cold, Snow Sweeps Over Them, National Parks Traveler, December 23, 2022
  141. ^ [1], WATE, December 22, 2022
  142. ^ [2], WJHL, December 26, 2022
  143. ^ Denver records coldest temperature since 1990 Denver News, December 22, 2022
  144. ^ Snow totals: Here's how much fell across Colorado, Denver News, December 22, 2022
  145. ^ ⬇DIA briefly dropped to -24F this morning, just shy of meeting the monthly record set in 1990. With temperatures recently trending "warmer", there's a good chance this will be the final low temperature. 🥶#COwx, National Weather Service Boulder, Colorado, Twitter, December 22, 2022
  146. ^ Denver airport sees record-breaking temperature drop, Fox 31, December 21, 2022
  147. ^ Arctic blast triggers 75-degree temperature swing in Denver — second-largest on record, The Denver Post, December 22, 2022
  148. ^ Denver hits 2nd coldest day on record during arctic freeze, KDVR, December 23, 2022
  149. ^ Temperature in Wyoming drops 40 degrees in a half hour as wind chills freeze US, break records, Fox News, December 21, 2022
  150. ^ Record low: Casper temp plunged to minus 42 overnight, Casper Star Tribune, December 22, 2022
  151. ^ Record-breaking cold, life-threatening wind chills plunge 150 million Americans into deep freeze, Fox Weather, December 23, 2022
  152. ^ Athens was yesterday's "lucky" winner in the cold weather lottery. 🥶 A new record low minimum temperature of 11F occurred at 11:59 PM last night (the lowest since 1989!), and temperatures have continued to fall into the single digits this morning. Bundle up! 🧤🧥 #gawx, National Weather Service Atlanta, Georgia, Twitter, December 24, 2022
  153. ^ Winter Storm Elliott: Here's Which Cities Set Record Low Temperatures (So Far), Forbes, December 24, 2022
  154. ^ We observed record cold on this Christmas Eve. JFK, LGA, Islip, & Bridgeport only hit 16°F and Newark only reached 17°F. These are new record low maximum temps for Dec 24. Central Park's high was 15°F, making it the 2nd coldest Dec 24 since 1869. Previous record was 13°F in 1872., National Weather Service New York, New York, Twitter, December 24, 2022
  155. ^ Porter, Greg (December 24, 2022). "PM Update: Washington has coldest Christmas Eve afternoon on record; frigid into Sunday, too". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  156. ^ Holiday weather whipsaw: From record ‘low high’ Christmas Eve to near record warmth New Year’s Day, Philadelphia Inquirer, December 26, 2022
  157. ^ December 26 Still Cold But Warming And Record Buffalo Snow, Just in Weather, December 26, 2022
  158. ^ Christmas Day to be one of the coldest in decades; temperatures modify next week, WMFZ, December 24, 2022
  159. ^ Mink, Ryan (December 24, 2022). "New Record Set for Coldest Home Game in Ravens History". BaltimoreRavens.com. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  160. ^ Cohen, Matt (December 25, 2022). "Christmas Day low temperatures set records among coldest in Tampa Bay's history". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  161. ^ "Some Central Florida residents experience snow, sleet on Christmas morning". WTFV. December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
  162. ^ Friedman, Mark (December 26, 2022). "Universal Studios Shuts Down Attractions on Christmas". Inside the Magic. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  163. ^ Yesterday was cold...and it turns out we broke some records! It was the coldest Christmas on record in terms of high temperatures at our climate sites. The Last time we had high temps this cold was in 2010 in Miami, Naples and Ft. Lauderdale and 1989 in Palm Beach. #flwx, National Weather Service Miami, Florida, via Twitter, December 26, 2022
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