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The correct title of this article is #MeToo. The substitution of the # is due to technical restrictions.

"Me too" (or "#MeToo", with local alternatives in other languages) spread virally as a two-word hashtag used on social media in October 2017 to denounce sexual assault and harassment, in the wake of sexual misconduct allegations against Harvey Weinstein.[1][2][3] The phrase, long used in this sense by social activist Tarana Burke,[4] was popularized by actress Alyssa Milano, who encouraged women to tweet it to publicize experiences to demonstrate the widespread nature of misogynistic behavior. Since then, millions of people have used the hashtag to come forward with their experiences, including many celebrities.[5][6]

Origin

Alyssa Milano encouraged use of the hashtag after accusations against Harvey Weinstein surfaced in 2017.

Social activist and community organizer Tarana Burke created the phrase "Me Too" on the MySpace social network[7] in 2006 as part of a grassroots campaign to promote "empowerment through empathy" among women of color who have experienced sexual abuse, particularly within underprivileged communities.[4][8][9][10][11] Burke, who is creating a documentary titled Me Too, has said she was inspired to use the phrase after being unable to respond to a 13-year-old girl who confided to her that she had been sexually assaulted. Burke later wished she had simply told the girl, "me too".[7]

After accusations against Weinstein surfaced in 2017, actress Alyssa Milano encouraged spreading the phrase as part of an awareness campaign to show the scale and ubiquity of the problem, tweeting: "If all the women who have been sexually harassed or assaulted wrote 'Me too.' as a status, we might give people a sense of the magnitude of the problem."[12][13][14][5][15] Milano later attributed the phrase to Burke, calling Burke's story "heartwarming and inspiring".[7]

Reach and impact

The phrase had been used more than 200,000 times by October 15,[16] and tweeted more than 500,000 times by October 16.[1] On Facebook, the hashtag had been used by more than 4.7 million people in 12 million posts during the first 24 hours.[6] The platform reported that 45% of users in the United States had a friend who had posted using the term.[17]

Tens of thousands of people replied to Milano's tweet, including:[18]

Some men, such as actors Terry Crews[41] and James Van Der Beek,[42] have responded to the hashtag with their own experiences of harassment and abuse, while others have responded by acknowledging past behaviors against women, spawning the hashtag "HowIWillChange."[12] The hashtag "HimThough" was coined by Elizabeth Plank.[43]

In addition to Hollywood, "Me Too" declarations elicited discussion of sexual harassment and abuse in the music industry,[22] sciences,[44] academia,[45] and politics.[46] In the music industry, the band Veruca Salt used the #MeToo hashtag to air allegations of sexual harassment against James Toback,[47] and Alice Glass used the hashtag to share a history of alleged sexual assault and other abuses by former Crystal Castles bandmate Ethan Kath.[48][49]

Statehouses in California, Illinois, Oregon, and Rhode Island responded to allegations of sexual harassment surfaced by the campaign,[50] and several women in politics spoke out about their experiences of sexual harassment, including United States Senators Heidi Heitkamp, Mazie Hirono, Claire McCaskill and Elizabeth Warren.[46] Congresswoman Jackie Speier has introduced a bill aimed at making sexual harassment complaints easier to report on Capitol Hill.[51]

International response

The hashtag has trended in at least 85 countries,[52] including India, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. Variants of the phrase trended in France,[16] using "BalanceTonPorc" (DenounceYourPig),[53] which encouraged users to share the names of their alleged abusers.[54] In Italy, women posted stories of assault and harassment under the hashtag #QuellaVoltaChe translated literally into "#TheTimeThat."[55][56] The Spanish-language counterpart is "#YoTambién". In French-speaking parts of Canada, the campaign is done under the hashtag "#MoiAussi". In Israel, the Hebrew hashtag "גםאנחנו#" (#UsToo) began trending on October 18, with a front page spread in the newspaper Yediot Aharonot.[53] In Sweden, several women used the hashtag to confront television presenter Martin Timell's alleged abuse towards them.[57] All of his shows on TV4 were cancelled on October 20, 2017.[58][59]

The European Parliament convened a session directly in response to the Me Too campaign, after it gave rise to allegations of abuse in Parliament and in the European Union's offices in Brussels. Cecilia Malmstrom, the European Commissioner for Trade, specifically cited the hashtag as the reason the meeting had been convened.[60] In the UK, the Cabinet Office has launched an investigation in allegations that Parliament member Mark Garnier ordered a secretary to buy sex toys for his wife and mistress.[61]

In China, the websphere reacted in anger following the media claims that harassment was a foreign problem, claiming Chinese men to be educated as protective.[62]

Aftermath

Shortly after the allegations against Harvey Weinstein broke, the following public figures have also been accused of inappropriate behavior (including but not limited to harassment or assault):

Criticism

The hashtag has been criticized for putting the responsibility of publicizing sexual harassment and abuse on those who experienced it, which could be re-traumatizing.[143][144][145][146] Some found the hashtag to inspire fatigue and outrage, rather than emotionally dense communication.[147][148] Burke had initially criticized the movement for ignoring the work of black women in creating dialogue addressing sexual assault. However, she did salute those who partook in the movement and credited Milano for acknowledging Burke’s own similar movement.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f France, Lisa Respers (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Social media flooded with personal stories of assault". CNN. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Schmidt, Samantha (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Harvey Weinstein case moves thousands to tell their own stories of abuse, break silence". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 2269358. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  3. ^ Chuck, Elizabeth (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Alyssa Milano promotes hashtag that becomes anti-harassment rallying cry". NBC News. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  4. ^ a b Guerra, Cristela (October 17, 2017). "Where'd the #MeToo initiative really come from? Activist Tarana Burke, long before hashtags". The Boston Globe. ISSN 0743-1791. OCLC 66652431. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "#MeToo: Sexual Harassment and Assault Movement Tweeted Over 500,000 Times as Celebs Share Stories". People. October 16, 2017.
  6. ^ a b CNN, Cassandra Santiago and Doug Criss,. "An activist, a little girl and the heartbreaking origin of 'Me too'". CNN. Retrieved October 18, 2017. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c Ohlheiser, Abby (October 19, 2017). "The woman behind 'Me Too' knew the power of the phrase when she created it — 10 years ago". Washington Post. Retrieved October 20, 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. ^ a b Hill, Zahara (October 16, 2017). "Black Woman Tarana Burke Founded the "Me Too" Movement". Ebony. ISSN 0012-9011. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  9. ^ Leah, Rachel (October 17, 2017). "Hollywood's brightest join the 10-year-old #MeToo movement, but will that change anything?". Salon. Salon Media Group Inc. OCLC 43916723. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
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  11. ^ a b Mazza, Ed (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Alyssa Milano's Call for Sexual Abuse Victims to Come Forward Goes Viral". HuffPost. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  12. ^ a b Graham, Ruth (October 17, 2017). "Why the #MeToo Moment Is Liberating, Dispiriting, and Uncomfortable All at Once". Slate. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
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  16. ^ a b Sini, Rozina (October 16, 2017). "'MeToo' and the scale of sexual abuse". BBC.
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  56. ^ See also: @ResistanceItaly (October 17, 2017). "#quellavoltache is the Italian #metoo hashtag" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  58. ^ "Timell bryter tystnaden och erkänner: "Är chockad över att jag gjort så mycket fel"". Retrieved October 20, 2017.
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  61. ^ a b Wootson Jr, Cleve R. (October 29, 2017). "A British minister admits he made his secretary buy sex toys as #MeToo hits Parliament". Washington Post. Washington Post. Washington Post. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
  62. ^ Anger as Chinese media claim harassment is just a western problem https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/17/anger-as-chinese-media-claim-harassment-is-just-a-western-problem
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  133. ^ "Martin Timell polisanmäld för sexofredande på flygplan".
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  141. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (October 17, 2017). "Bob Weinstein Accused of Sexual Harassment by TV Showrunner". Variety. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  142. ^ LaFrance, Adrienne. "The 'Harvey Effect' Takes Down Leon Wieseltier's Magazine". theatlantic.com. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
  143. ^ Schlack, Julie. "#MeToo Flared But Won't Endure". www.wbur.org. National Public Radio. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  144. ^ Maltby, Kate. "Mayim Bialik and the trouble with #MeToo". CNN. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  145. ^ Gerson, Jen (October 17, 2017). "Jen Gerson: I mean no disrespect when I say that I have a problem with #MeToo". National Post. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  146. ^ CNN, Sandee LaMotte,. "#MeToo sexual assault stories trigger trauma for some". CNN. Retrieved October 20, 2017. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  147. ^ Hempel, Jessi. "The Problem with #MeToo and Viral Outrage | Backchannel". WIRED. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  148. ^ Charleston, Libby-Jane (October 17, 2017). "Why I'm Not Joining The #MeToo Hashtag Even Though I Was Sexually Harassed". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 19, 2017.

External links

List of local alternative hashtags

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