Politics of Veneto
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The Politics of Veneto, Italy takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democracy, whereby the President is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Regional Government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Regional Council.
The Statute of Veneto was promulgated in 1971 and largely rewritten in 2011. Article 2 sets forth the principle of the "self-government of the Venetian people" and that Region has to "promote the historical identity of the Venetian people and civilisation".[1]
The current president of Veneto is Luca Zaia of Liga Veneta–Lega Nord, which is the largest party in the Regional Council too.
Political history
Prior to the rise of Fascism, most of the deputies elected in Veneto were part of the liberal establishment (see Historical Right, Historical Left and Liberals), which governed Italy for decades, but also the main opposition parties, namely the Radical Party and the Italian Socialist Party, had a good sway among Venetian voters. In the 1919 general election, the first held with proportional representation, the Catholic-inspired Italian People's Party came first with 42.6% (gaining at least 10% more than in any other region) and the Socialists were in second place with 36.2%. In the 1924 general election, which led Italy to dictatorship, Veneto was one of the few regions, along with Lombardy and Piedmont, which did not return an absolute majority to the National Fascist Party.[2]
From World War II to 1994 Veneto was the heartland of Christian Democracy, which polled 60.5% in the 1953 general election and steadily above 50% until the late 1970s, and led the Regional Government from its establishment in 1970 to 1993. In the 1990s Veneto became a stronghold of the centre-right Pole/House of Freedoms coalition, which governed the region from 1995 to 2010 under Giancarlo Galan of Forza Italia. In 2010 Galan was replaced by Luca Zaia of Liga Veneta–Lega Nord, who obtained a hefty and record-breaking 60.2% of the vote and whose coalition included The People of Freedom/Forza Italia and, since 2013, the New Centre-right;[3] Liga Veneta was the largest party with 35.2% of the vote. Zaia and Liga Veneta were confirmed in 2015, with a reduced but more coehsive majority, due to the split of Tosi List for Veneto and the diminishment of Forza Italia: Zaia won 50.1% of the vote, while Liga Veneta a thumping 40.9%, largely ahead of the opposition Democratic Party's 20.5%.
Veneto is home to Venetian nationalism (or Venetism), a political movement that appeared in the 1970s, demanding political and fiscal autonomy for the region (which is felt by Venetists to be a nation in its own right) and promoting Venetian culture, language and history. This was the background from which Liga Veneta emerged in 1980. In the 1990s and 2000s other Venetist parties (the Union of the Venetian People, the Veneto Autonomous Region Movement, Lega Autonomia Veneta, Liga Veneta Repubblica, North-East Project, etc.) emerged, but they never touched the popularity of Liga Veneta, which was a founding member of Lega Nord in 1991. Some Venetists have campaigned for federal reform, others (notably including Veneto State, Venetian Independence, Plebiscito.eu and We Independent Veneto) for outright independence.
Executive branch
The Regional Government is led by the President of Veneto and composed of the President and ten Ministers (Assessori), including a Vice President.
Current composition
The current regional government has been in office from 29 June 2015, under the leadership of President Luca Zaia of Liga Veneta–Lega Nord.
| Office | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| President | Luca Zaia | Liga Veneta | |
| Vice President | Gianluca Forcolin (until August 2020) | Liga Veneta | |
| Minister of Budget and Local Government | Gianluca Forcolin (until August 2020) | Liga Veneta | |
| Minister of Health and Social Programs | Luca Coletto (until December 2018) | Liga Veneta | |
| Manuela Lanzarin (since January 2019) | Liga Veneta | ||
| Minister of Economic Development and Energy | Roberto Marcato | Liga Veneta | |
| Minister of Public Works, Infrastructures and Transports | Elisa De Berti | Liga Veneta | |
| Minister of Agriculture, Hunting and Fishing | Giuseppe Pan | Liga Veneta | |
| Minister of Education and Labour | Elena Donazzan | Forza Italia (until 2018) Brothers of Italy (since 2019) | |
| Minister of Social Affairs | Manuela Lanzarin | Liga Veneta | |
| Minister of EU Programs, Tourism and International Trade | Federico Caner | Liga Veneta | |
| Minister of Environment and Civil Protection | Gianpaolo Bottacin | Liga Veneta | |
| Minister of Culture, City Planning and Security | Cristiano Corazzari | Liga Veneta | |
Source: Veneto Region – Regional Government
List of previous Governments
Source: Region of Veneto
- ^ The PSDI joined the government in 1981.
- ^ The PDS succeeded to the PCI in 1991.
- ^ The PPI succeeded to the DC in 1994.
- ^ Some members of the disbanded DC formed FI in 1994.
- ^ The regional councillors of the CDU were elected from a joint list with FI.
- ^ a b The CDU and the CCD were merged into the UDC in 2002.
- ^ a b FI and AN were merged into the PdL in 2009.
- ^ The PdL was disbanded in 2013; its members joined either FI or the NCD. Vice President Marino Zorzato joined the NCD.
- ^ The party's sole regional minister, Elena Donazzan left in 2018 and joined FdI in 2019.
Legislative branch
The Regional Council of Veneto (Consiglio Regionale del Veneto) is composed of 51 members. 49 councillors are elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists, while the remaining two are the elected President and the candidate for President who comes second. The winning coalition wins a bonus of seats in order to make sure the elected President has a majority in the Council.[4][5][6]
The Council is elected for a five-year term, but, if the President suffers a vote of no confidence, resigns or dies, under the simul stabunt, simul cadent (literally: they will stand together or they will fall together) clause introduced in 1999, also the Council is dissolved and a snap election is called.[7]
Current composition
| Distribution of Seats in the Regional Council | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political Group | Leader | 2015 | 2020 | |
| Liga Veneta–Lega Nord | Nicola Finco | 11 | 12 | |
| Zaia for President[a][b] | Silvia Rizzotto | 13 | 10 | |
| Democratic Party | Alessandra Moretti / Stefano Fracasso | 9 | 7 | |
| Five Star Movement | rotational leadership | 5 | 4 | |
| Brothers of Italy[c] | Sergio Berlato / Andrea Bassi | 1 | 3 | |
| Forza Italia / More Italy!–I Love Veneto[d] | Massimiliano Barison / Massimo Giorgetti | 3 | 2 | |
| Civic Veneto / United Venetians | Pietro Dalla Libera[e] | 1 | 2 | |
| Tosi List for Veneto / Veneto for Autonomy–Forza Italia | Stefano Casali / Maurizio Conte[f] | 3 | 1 | |
| Moretti President / Civic List for Veneto | Franco Ferrari | 2 | 1 | |
| NCD–UdC–Popular Area / Popular Area–Forza Italia | Marino Zorzato[g] | 1 | 1 | |
| Independence We Veneto / We Are Veneto / Party of Venetians | Antonio Guadagnini | 1 | 1 | |
| Veneto of Acting / Veneto Autonomous Heart | Giovanna Negro | 1 | 1 | |
| Venetian Centre-Right[h] | Stefano Casali / Andrea Bassi | 0 | 0 | |
| Mixed Group[i] | Piero Ruzzante | 0 | 6 | |
Sources: Regional Council of Veneto – Groups and Regional Council of Veneto – Members
Local government
Provinces
Veneto is subdivided into seven provinces, including Venice which has functioned as a metropolitan city since 2015.
All the seven provinces, but especially Vicenza, Verona and Padua, were long Christian Democratic heartlands. In the early 1990s, when the Venetian and Italian party systems experienced huge realignments, Treviso, Vicenza and Verona became strongholds of Liga Veneta–Lega Nord, while in Padua, the region's most populated, Forza Italia/The People of Freedom/Forza Italia was the dominant political force; only two provinces, Venice and Rovigo, have traditionally been the powerbases of the centre-left and, more recently, the Democratic Party, while Belluno is a swing province. In the 2015 regional election Liga Veneta came largely first in each and every province.
Since 2014 provinces have lost many powers to the region and the municipalities, and, contextually, provincial presidents have been elected by mayors and municipal councillors, whose votes are weighted according to the population of their municipalities. In some cases, elected Presidents represent bipartisan or trans-party coalitions. For instance, Enoch Soranzo was elected in Padua thanks to the decisive support of the Democratic Party, while the majority of his party, Liga Veneta, had endorsed another candidate,[8] and Achille Variati was endorsed both by the Democrats and Forza Italia in Vicenza.[9] In 2015 the Province of Venice was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Venice and the mayor of Venice, Luigi Brugnaro, was sworn in as metropolitan mayor too. As of 2015, as a result of the aforementioned institutional changes dictated by the national government and the split of the Tosi List for Veneto, no province is governed by Liga Veneta, the region's largest party.
| Province | Inhabitants | President | Party | Election | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province of Padua | 938,296
#add8e6 |
Enoch Soranzo | Tosi List for Veneto | 2014 | |
| Province of Verona | 923,664
#0087DC |
Antonio Pastorello | Forza Italia | 2014 | |
| Province of Treviso | 887,293
#add8e6 |
Leonardo Muraro | Tosi List for Veneto | 2011 | |
| Province of Vicenza | 869,718
#EF1C27 |
Achille Variati | Democratic Party | 2014 | |
| Province of Venice Metropolitan City of Venice |
858,198
#DCDCDC |
Luigi Brugnaro (metropolitan mayor) |
Independent (endorsed by FI, LV, etc.) |
2015 | |
| Province of Rovigo | 242,533
#0087DC |
Marco Trombini | Forza Italia | 2014 | |
| Province of Belluno | 207,894
#DC143C |
Daniela Larese | Italian Socialist Party | 2014 | |
Municipalities
Twenty-six comuni of Veneto have more than 25,000 inhabitants. Eleven are governed by the Democratic Party (including Vicenza and Treviso), six by Liga Veneta (including Padua), four by Forza Italia four, five by independents (including Venice) or minor parties (including Verona).
Political parties and elections
Latest regional election
The latest regional election took place on 31 May 2015.
Luca Zaia of Liga Veneta–Lega Nord was re-elected President by a landslide 50.1% of the vote. Liga Veneta, which ran an official party list and a list named after Zaia, was confirmed the largest in the region with 40.9%. The Democratic Party came second with 20.5% (combined result of official party list and Alessandra Moretti's personal list) and the Five Star Movement third with 10.4%. The total score of Venetist parties was 54.3%, the highest ever.
 | |||||||||
| Candidates | Votes | % | Seats | Parties | Votes | % | Seat | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luca Zaia | 1,108,065 | 50.09 | 1 | ||||||
| Zaia for President | 427,363 | 23.09 | 13 | ||||||
| Northern League – Venetian League | 329,966 | 17.83 | 10 | ||||||
| Forza Italia | 110,573 | 5.97 | 3 | ||||||
| Independence We Veneto | 49,929 | 2.70 | 1 | ||||||
| Brothers of Italy | 48,163 | 2.60 | 1 | ||||||
| Total | 965,994 | 52.19 | 28 | ||||||
| Alessandra Moretti | 503,147 | 22.74 | 1 | ||||||
| Democratic Party | 308,438 | 16.66 | 8 | ||||||
| Moretti for President | 70,764 | 3.82 | 2 | ||||||
| Civic Veneto | 26,903 | 1.45 | 1 | ||||||
| New Veneto (SEL – European Greens – SV) | 20,282 | 1.10 | – | ||||||
| Autonomous Veneto Project | 6,242 | 0.34 | – | ||||||
| Total | 432,629 | 23.37 | 11 | ||||||
| Jacopo Berti | 262,749 | 11.88 | – | Five Star Movement | 192,630 | 10.41 | 5 | ||
| Flavio Tosi | 262,569 | 11.87 | – | ||||||
| Tosi List for Veneto | 105,836 | 5.72 | 3 | ||||||
| Popular Area (NCD – UDC) | 37,937 | 2.05 | 1 | ||||||
| Veneto of Acting | 26,119 | 1.41 | 1 | ||||||
| Pensioners' Family | 14,625 | 0.79 | – | ||||||
| North-East Union | 11,173 | 0.60 | – | ||||||
| Breed Piave – Veneto Confederal State | 3,487 | 0.19 | – | ||||||
| Total | 199,177 | 10.76 | 5 | ||||||
| Alessio Morosin | 55,760 | 2.52 | – | Venetian Independence | 46,578 | 2.52 | – | ||
| Laura Coletti | 19,914 | 0.90 | – | The Other Veneto | 13,997 | 0.76 | – | ||
| Total candidates | 2,212,204 | 100.00 | 2 | Total parties | 1,851,005 | 100.00 | 49 | ||
| Source: Ministry of the Interior | |||||||||
Latest general election in Veneto
Chamber of Deputies
| Coalition leader | votes | votes (%) | seats | Party | votes | votes (%) | seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silvio Berlusconi | 935,404 | 31.8 | 12 | The People of Freedom | 549,692 | 18.7 | 7 |
| Lega Nord | 310,173 | 10.5 | 5 | ||||
| Brothers of Italy | 44,383 | 1.5 | - | ||||
| Pensioners' Party | 14,474 | 0.5 | - | ||||
| Others | 16,682 | 0.5 | - | ||||
| Beppe Grillo | 775,862 | 26.3 | 10 | Five Star Movement | 775,862 | 26.3 | 10 |
| Pier Luigi Bersani | 686,970 | 23.3 | 24 | Democratic Party | 628,384 | 21.3 | 22 |
| Left Ecology Freedom | 53,043 | 1.8 | 2 | ||||
| Others | 5,543 | 0.2 | - | ||||
| Mario Monti | 349,353 | 11.9 | 5 | Civic Choice | 296,920 | 10.1 | 4 |
| Union of the Centre | 44,622 | 1.5 | 1 | ||||
| Others | 7,811 | 0.3 | - | ||||
| Oscar Giannino | 67,082 | 2.3 | - | Act to Stop the Decline | 67,082 | 2.3 | - |
| Antonio Ingroia | 39,608 | 1.3 | - | Civil Revolution | 39,608 | 1.3 | - |
| Lodovico Pizzati | 33,274 | 1.1 | - | Venetian Independence | 33,274 | 1.1 | - |
| Fabrizio Comencini | 15,838 | 0.5 | - | Liga Veneta Repubblica | 15,838 | 0.5 | - |
| Others | 41,318 | 1.4 | - | Others | 41,318 | 1.4 | - |
| Total coalitions | 2,944,710 | 100.0 | 51 | Total parties | 2,944,710 | 100.0 | 51 |
Source: Regional Council of Veneto
Senate
| Coalition leader | votes | votes (%) | seats | Party | votes | votes (%) | seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silvio Berlusconi | 895,425 | 32.8 | 14 | The People of Freedom | 523,029 | 19.2 | 9 |
| Lega Nord | 298,412 | 11.0 | 5 | ||||
| Brothers of Italy | 38,511 | 1.4 | - | ||||
| Pensioners' Party | 20,631 | 0.8 | - | ||||
| Others | 14,842 | 0.5 | - | ||||
| Pier Luigi Bersani | 681,501 | 25.0 | 4 | Democratic Party | 633,311 | 23.2 | 4 |
| Left Ecology Freedom | 42,635 | 1.6 | - | ||||
| Others | 5,555 | 0.2 | - | ||||
| Beppe Grillo | 670,089 | 24.6 | 4 | Five Star Movement | 670,089 | 24.6 | 4 |
| Mario Monti | 299,906 | 11.0 | 2 | With Monti for Italy | 299,906 | 11.0 | 2 |
| Oscar Giannino | 50,497 | 1.9 | - | Act to Stop the Decline | 50,497 | 1.9 | - |
| Lodovico Pizzati | 29,696 | 1.1 | - | Venetian Independence | 29,696 | 1.1 | - |
| Antonio Ingroia | 27,576 | 1.0 | - | Civil Revolution | 27,576 | 1.0 | - |
| Fabrizio Comencini | 20,381 | 0.7 | - | Liga Veneta Repubblica | 20,381 | 0.7 | - |
| Others | 48,953 | 1.8 | - | Others | 48,953 | 1.8 | - |
| Total coalitions | 2,724,024 | 100.0 | 24 | Total parties | 2,724,024 | 100.0 | 24 |
Source: Regional Council of Veneto
| Regional elections | |
|---|---|
| General elections | |
| European Parliament elections | |
| Referendums | |
References
- ^ http://www.consiglioveneto.it/crvportal/pageContainer.jsp?n=3&c=2&e=9
- ^ Piergiorgio Corbetta; Maria Serena Piretti, Atlante storico-elettorale d'Italia, Zanichelli, Bologna 2009
- ^ In 2009 Forza Italia was merged into The People of Freedom, which was transformed into the new Forza Italia in 2013, causing the split of the New Centre-Right.
- ^ http://elezioni.regione.veneto.it/normativa-regionale
- ^ http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Politica/2015/5/31/Come-si-vota-Video-Elezioni-Regionali-Veneto-2015-fac-simile-scheda-dove-quando-e-i-documenti-oggi-domenica-31-maggio-/610929/
- ^ http://www.repubblica.it/speciali/politica/elezioni-regionali-edizione2015/2015/05/26/news/elezioni_regionali_2015_sette_sistemi_elettorali_per_sette_regioni_come_si_vota-115201042/
- ^ Regional Council of Lombardy – 1999 Constitutional law
- ^ http://mattinopadova.gelocal.it/cronaca/2014/10/13/news/speranza-e-curiosita-in-1-181-per-dar-voce-ai-piccoli-comuni-1.10107955
- ^ http://corrieredelveneto.corriere.it/veneto/notizie/politica/2014/13-ottobre-2014/province-soranzo-pastorello-variati-trombini-nuovi-presidenti-230334788211.shtml
Sources
- Veneto Region – Legislatures
- Regional Council of Veneto – Elections
- Cattaneo Institute – Archive of Election Data
- Ministry of the Interior – Historical Archive of Elections
External links
 Politics of Italian regions | |
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