Porto Velho
Porto Velho | |
---|---|
Municipality | |
The Municipality of Porto Velho | |
![]() Top left:Rondonia State Government Office, Top right:Port of Porto Velho, Middle left:Porto Velho Cultural House, Middle right:Sunset in Madeira River, Bottom:Panorama view of downtown from Pedrinhas area | |
![]() Location of Porto Velho in the State of Rondônia | |
Country | ![]() |
Region | North |
State | ![]() |
Government | |
• Mayor | Mauro Nazif (Brazilian Socialist Party) |
Area | |
• Total | 34,082.37 km2 (13,159.28 sq mi) |
Elevation | 83 m (272 ft) |
Population (2010 census)[1] | |
• Total | 426,558 |
Time zone | UTC-4 (UTC-4) |
Postal Code | 76800-000 |
Area code | (+55) 69 |
Website | Porto Velho, Rondônia |
Porto Velho (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpoʁtu ˈvɛʎu], Old Port) is the capital of the Brazilian state of Rondônia, in the upper Amazon River basin. The population is 426,558 people (as of the IBGE 2010 census). Located on the border of Rondônia and the state of Amazonas, the town is an important trading center for cassiterite, the mining of which represents the most important economic activity in the region, as well as a transportation and communication center. It is on the eastern shore of the Madeira River, one of the main tributaries of the Amazon River. It is also Rondônia's largest city, and the largest state capital of Brazil by area.
The municipality occupies most of the border between Amazonas and Rondônia, and is both the westernmost and northernmost city in the state.
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Barbadian_workers.jpg/260px-Barbadian_workers.jpg)
Officially founded on October 2, 1914, Porto Velho was founded by pioneers around 1907, during the construction of the Madeira-Mamoré railroad. After the railroad was completed, the local population was about one thousand inhabitants; its buildings Arthur Oliveira were chiefly the railway's installations and the wooden houses of the Caribbean (mainly Barbadian) workers - hence the name of the town's largest district by then, "Bajan Hill" or "Barbados Town", nowadays called the "Alto do Bode".
During the first sixty years, the city's development was directly connected to the railway's activities. The town prospered during the rubber boom, but then when low-cost Malaysian rubber made rubber from the Amazon uncompetitive, the region's economy ground to a halt. Cities like Santo Antônio do Madeira, which had a tram line and a weekly newspaper by the time of Porto Velho's foundation, are nothing but ruins nowadays.
Porto Velho's survival is associated with the better conditions of the area where it was built, its easy access by the river and its harbor: these were all considerations in the choice of Porto Velho as the capital of the newly formed Federal Territory of Guaporé, in 1943. Only with the beginning of World War II was there another cycle of progress in the region. When the Allied forces lost control over the Malaysian rubber, Amazon's was needed due to the war effort. This produced what is known in Brazil as the "second rubber boom". But when the war ended, the region's economy once again came to a halt.
Porto Velho's modern history begins with the discovery of cassiterite around the city, and of gold on the Madeira River, at the end of the 1950s. In addition, the government's decision to allow large cattle farms in the territory began a trend of migration into the city. Almost one million people moved to Rondônia, and Porto Velho's population increased to three hundred thousand. This intense migration caused much trouble for the city. Among many other problems, the suburban boroughs, for example, are nothing but shanty towns.[vague]
Geography
Climate
Porto Velho features a tropical monsoon climate (climate type Am) under the Köppen climate classification. The temperatures tend to be relatively consistent throughout the course of the year, with average daily temperatures typically between 25 and 26 degrees Celsius.[2] The dry season is short and covers the months of June, July and August. Porto Velho is particularly wet from November through April, averaging roughly 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain per month in each of these months.[3] According to the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), between 1961 and 1990 the lowest temperature recorded in Porto Velho was 7.4 °C (45.3 °F) in July 1975,[4] and the highest reached 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) in August 1969.[5] Template:Porto Velho weatherbox
Vegetation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Por_do_sol_no_rio_Madeira.jpg/220px-Por_do_sol_no_rio_Madeira.jpg)
The Amazon has over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and is the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species-rich than wet forests in Africa and Asia.[6] As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity.
More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest.[7]
The majority of the forest surrounding Porto Velho has been cut down, however.[8]
Economy
The GDP for the city was R$3,656,512,000 (2005).[9]
The per capita income for the city was R$9,779 (2005).[10]
Cityscape
Transportation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Aeroporto_de_Porto_Velho2.jpg/220px-Aeroporto_de_Porto_Velho2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BR-364_Duplicada.jpg/220px-BR-364_Duplicada.jpg)
International Airport
Porto Velho International Airport, 7 km from the city, has its main access at the Av. Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira, with two lanes. Buses from downtown run to the airport every hour, and there is a fleet of taxis serving only the airport. The airport is served by 98 scheduled flights weekly, most going to other large Brazilian cities. The presence of Porto Velho Air Force Base ensures considerable movement of military aircraft. The local people refer to Porto Velho International as Belmont Airport because it is located in this district. It became an international airport in 2002. It was built as a replacement to Caiari Airport, which was closed on April 16, 1969.
Highways
- BR-174;
- BR-317;
- BR-319;
- BR-364;
- BR-421;
- BR-425;
- BR-429;
- RO-010;
- RO-101;
- RO-490.
Education
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/UNIR.jpg/220px-UNIR.jpg)
Portuguese is the official national language and primary language taught in schools, but English is part of the official high school curriculum.
Well-known Colleges
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia (Unir);
- Instituto Luterano de Ensino Superior de Porto Velho (Iles-Ulbra);
- Faculdade Interamericana de Porto Velho (Uniron);
- Faculdade de Ciências Administrativas e de Tecnologia (Fatec-RO);
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Exatas e Letras de Rondônia (Faro);
- Faculdade da Amazônia (Iesa);
- Faculdade de Porto Velho/ Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FIP/FGV);
- Faculdades Integradas Maria Coelho Aguiar (FIMCA);
- Faculdade São Lucas;
Well-known Schools
- Maple Bear Canadian School
- Colégio Objetivo;
- Classe A;
- Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio João Bento da Costa;
- Colégio Tiradentes da Polícia Militar;
- Centro de Ensino Mineiro;
- Proensino;
- Instituto Laura Vicuña;
- Instituto Estadual de Educação Carmela Dutra;
- Colégio Dom Bosco
- Centro Educacional Dr Gilberto Mendes De Azevedo
Culture
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Casa_da_Cultura_de_Porto_Velho.jpg/220px-Casa_da_Cultura_de_Porto_Velho.jpg)
Expovel
The Expovel is an agricultural event in Porto Velho.
Museum
Madeira-Mamoré Railway Museum ()
Theatre
Teatro Estadual Palácio das Artes, in Presidente Dutra Avenue, Teatro Municipal, in Joaquim Nabuco Avenue (Downtown) and Teatro Uirassu Rodrigues, in José Bonifácio street.
References
- ^ [1] - IBGE/2011
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
DailyMeanC_INMET
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Rainfall_INMET
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
RecordLowC_INMET
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
RecordHighC_INMET
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Turner, I.M. 2001. The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-80183-4
- ^ Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Plants, Amazon River Animals
- ^ [2]
- ^ GDP (PDF) (in Portuguese). Porto Velho, Brazil: IBGE. 2005. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
- ^ per capita income (PDF) (in Portuguese). Porto Velho, Brazil: IBGE. 2005. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved 2007-07-18.