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Same-sex marriage in Denmark

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Part of the LGBT rights series
Marriage

Recognized

Civil unions or registered partnerships but not marriage
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. ^ a b Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the Caribbean Netherlands), as well as in Aruba and Curaçao. May be registered in Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  2. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  3. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.
  4. ^ a b Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
  5. ^ Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
  6. ^ a b c d e The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
  7. ^ A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
  8. ^ Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
  9. ^ Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
  10. ^ Courts have recognised guru–shishya, nata pratha or maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
  11. ^ Some cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, but they are not legally binding.
  12. ^ Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
  13. ^ Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
  1. ^ a b Not yet in effect.
LGBTQ portal

Same-sex marriage became legal in Denmark on 15 June 2012.[1] The bill for legalization, introduced by the government of Helle Thorning-Schmidt, was approved by the Folketing on 7 June 2012 and received Royal Assent on 12 June 2012.[2] Same-sex couples were previously recognized through registered partnerships. Denmark was the eleventh country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.

The status of marriage is different in Denmark's two constituent countries:

  • In Greenland, legislation to allow same-sex marriage passed the Parliament of Greenland on 26 May 2015. The Danish Parliament (known as the Folketing) ratified the legislation on 19 January 2016 and the law took effect on 1 April 2016.[3][4][5]
  • In the Faroe Islands, same-sex marriage legislation passed the legislature (Løgting) on 29 April 2016.[6] The legislation must now be passed in the Danish Parliament and receive Royal Assent before going into effect.[7]

History

Denmark proper

Registered partnership

Registered partnerships (Template:Lang-da) in Denmark were created by a law enacted on 7 June 1989, the world's first such law, and came into force on 1 October 1989.[8][9] Three attempts to expand the law in May 2003,[10][11][12] another in June 2003,[13] and another in June 2006[14] failed in Parliament. The law was successfully expanded in June 2009[15] and May 2010.[16]

Registered partnerships had almost all the same qualities as marriage. All legal and fiscal rights and obligations were like those of opposite-sex marriage, with the following two exceptions:

  • laws making explicit reference to the sexes of a married couple did not apply to registered partnerships
  • regulations by international treaties did not apply unless all signatories agree.

Divorce for registered partners followed the same rules as opposite-sex divorces. Registered partners had to meet one of the following residency requirements to form a union: (1) one partner had to be a Danish citizen and be resident in Denmark, or (2) both parties must have been resident in Denmark for two years. Citizens of Finland, Iceland, and Norway were treated as Danish citizens for purposes of the residency requirements. Additionally, the justice minister could order that a citizen of any other country with a registered partnership law similar to Denmark's be treated as a citizen of Denmark.[17]

In 2006, lesbian individuals and couples were given the right to have access to artificial insemination treatment.

On 17 March 2009, the Folketing introduced a bill that gave same-sex couples in registered partnerships the right to adopt jointly.[18] This bill was approved on 4 May 2010 and took effect on 1 July 2010.[19]

Registered partnership was by civil ceremony only, but the Church of Denmark allowed priests to perform blessings of gay couples.[20]

On 15 June 2012, the registered partnership act was repealed and replaced by the new gender-neutral marriage law.

Same-sex marriage

Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe¹
  Marriage
  Civil union
  Limited domestic recognition (cohabitation)
  Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
¹ May include recent laws or court decisions that have not yet entered into effect.

In 2006, five Social Liberal MPs introduced a resolution that asked the Government to draft a gender-neutral marriage law. The resolution was debated in Parliament and opposed by members of the conservative governing coalition.[21] The Minister for the Family, Carina Christensen, argued that registered partners already had the same rights as married partners except the ability to marry in church, and thus that gender-neutral marriage was unnecessary.

In January 2008, the Social Liberal Party's Equality Rapporteur, Lone Dybkjær, once again called for gender-neutral marriage (kønsneutrale ægteskab).[22]

The Copenhagen Mayor for Culture and Recreation, Pia Allerslev, from the liberal then-governing Venstre party, also publicly supported same-sex marriage,[23] as did the Lord Mayor of Copenhagen, Ritt Bjerregaard.[24]

In June 2010, the Parliament once again debated a same-sex marriage bill proposed by the opposition parties. It was rejected on a 52-57 vote.[25] The motion calling for legalization was also voted down.[26]

In October 2011 Manu Sareen, Minister for Equality and Church Affairs in the new Danish government, announced that the government was seeking to legalize same-sex marriage by spring 2012.[27] On 18 January 2012, the government published two draft bills. One bill introduced a gender-neutral definition of marriage and allowed same-sex couples to marry either in civil registry offices or in the Church of Denmark. Existing registered partnerships would have the option of converting to a marriage, while no new registered partnerships will be able to be created. According to the other bill, individual priests would be allowed to refuse to conduct same-sex marriages. Other religious communities would also be allowed to conduct same-sex marriages but would not be compelled to do so. The bills were under consultation process until 22 February 2012.[28][29][30][31]

On 14 March 2012, the government submitted both bills to Parliament.[32][33][34][35] The bills were approved on 7 June 2012 and received royal assent on 12 June 2012. The new laws took effect on 15 June 2012.[1][2][36][37] The new legislation was opposed by the Danish People's Party and the Christian Democrats, a religious conservative party, although the latter were not represented in the Danish Parliament at that time. Under the law, ministers can refuse to carry out a same-sex ceremony, but the local bishop must arrange a replacement for their church building.[38]

7 June 2012 vote in the Parliament of Denmark[39]
Party Votes for Votes against Abstained Absent (Did Not Vote)
  Venstre - Liberal Party
18
9
2
18
 G  Social Democrats
27
 - -
17
  Danish People's Party -
13
 -
9
 G  Social Liberal Party
11
 - -
6
 G  Socialist People's Party
11
 - -
5
  Red-Green Alliance
9
 - -
3
  Liberal Alliance
5
 - -
4
  Conservative People's Party
4
2
 -
2
  Community of the People* - - -
1
  Forward* - - -
1
  Union Party** - - -
1
  Social Democratic Party** - - -
1
Total 85 24 2 68

Greenland

Main article: Same-sex marriage in Greenland

Denmark's registered partnership law was extended to Greenland on 26 April 1996.[40] Denmark's marriage law, as supported by the government of Greenland, was to be considered by parliament in the spring of 2014, but was postponed beyond the year due to early parliamentary elections.[41] The legislation to grant same-sex couples marriage and adoption rights had its first reading on 25 March 2015.[42] It was approved unanimously on second reading held on 26 May 2015.[43] Ratification of the legislation was required by the Danish Parliament, which granted approval of the law on 19 January 2016.[44] The law came into effect on 1 April 2016.[3][4][45]

Greenland's Registered Partnership Law was repealed on the same day that the same-sex marriage law came into effect.

Faroe Islands

Main article: Same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands

Denmark's registered partnerships was never extended to the Faroe Islands and it remains the only Nordic region that does not recognize any same-sex unions. A set of bills to extend Danish gender-neutral marriage law to the Faroe Islands was submitted to the Løgting on 20 November 2013[46][47][48] though were rejected at second reading on 13 March 2014.[49][50][51][52]

Following the Faroese general election in September 2015, two same-sex marriage bills (one permitting same-sex marriage and the other permitting same-sex divorce) were submitted to the parliament. The bills received a first reading on 24 November 2015.[53][54] On 26 April 2016, following a significant amount of parliamentary manoeuvring, the same-sex marriage bill passed its second reading by a vote of 19-14.[55][56] The bill passed its final reading on 29 April 2016 and now awaits approval in the Danish Parliament before receiving Royal Assent and going into effect.[6]

Public opinion

YouGov poll, conducted between 27 December 2012 and 6 January 2013, found that 79% of supported same-sex marriage and 16% were opposed. The rest of the 6% had no opinion on this issue. The same poll also showed that 59% supported same-sex couples to adopt, 31% were opposed and 11% had no opinion.[57]

A May 2013 Gallup survey from Faroe Islands found that 68% favoured civil marriage for same-sex couples, with 27% against and 5% undecided. All the regions showed a majority support and no age groups had more opponents than the supporters.[58][59]

Another poll from the Faroe Islands showed that 62% of respondents supported same-sex marriage. The regional divide was significant. Support was greater on Streymoy (71% in Norðurstreymoy; 78% in Suðurstreymoy) which includes the capital Tórshavn, than in the Northern Isles (42%) and on Eysturoy (48%).[60]

In August 2014, a poll from the Faroe Islands was conducted, asking 600 respondents on their views towards civil marriage for same-sex couples. Out of the 600 respondents, 61% supported the idea, while 32% opposed and 7% had no opinion.[61]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Template:Da icon Lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger og retsplejeloven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab
  2. ^ a b Gay marriage legalised
  3. ^ a b "Parliament in Greenland unanimously approves same-sex marriage". Pink News. 27 May 2015.
  4. ^ a b Template:Da icon L 35 Forslag til lov om ændring af myndighedsloven for Grønland, lov om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger, retsplejelov for Grønland og kriminallov for Grønland.
  5. ^ "Første homoseksuelle par viet i kirken". Greenlandic Broadcasting Corporation. 1 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016.
  6. ^ a b 19/2015 Uppskot til rikislógartilmæli um at seta í gildi fyri Føroyar partar av broytingum í hjúnabandslógini og rættarvirknaðarlógini
  7. ^ "Faroe Island Approves Same-Sex Marriage and Adoption". The Perchy Bird Blog. 29 April 2016.
  8. ^ The Registered Partnership Act
  9. ^ Sheila Rule: Rights for Gay Couples in Denmark - New York Times. Published: 2 October 1989. Accessed: 7 June 2012
  10. ^ Template:Da icon 2002-03 - L 91 (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af adoptionsloven og lov om registreret partnerskab. (Ligestilling mellem registreret partnerskab og ægteskab ved adoption)
  11. ^ Template:Da icon 2002-03 - L 93 (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab. (Ligestilling mellem registreret partnerskab og heteroseksuelle ægtefæller med hensyn til fremmedadoption af danske og udenlandske børn)
  12. ^ Template:Da icon 2002-03 - L 129 (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab. (Ophævelse af kravet om statsborgerskab eller bopæl her i landet ved registrering af partnerskab)
  13. ^ Template:Da icon 2002-03 - L 119 (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af adoptionsloven. (Adgang til stedbarnsadoption for registreret partner fra barnets fødsel)
  14. ^ Template:Da icon L 228 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab
  15. ^ Template:Da icon L 105 Forslag til lov om ændring af adoptionsloven og forskellige andre love
  16. ^ Template:Da icon L 146 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab, lov om en børnefamilieydelse og lov om børnetilskud og forskudsvis udbetaling af børnebidrag
  17. ^ "Act on Registered Partnerships, as amended".
  18. ^ Denmark parliament approves equal adoption rights
  19. ^ Gay adoption on the lawbooks
  20. ^ The Evangelical Lutheran Church In Denmark & Homosexuality
  21. ^ Template:Da icon B 76 Forslag til folketingsbeslutning om at indføre en ægteskabslovgivning, som ligestiller homoseksuelle med heteroseksuelle.
  22. ^ Template:Da icon R vil indføre kønsneutrale ægteskab
  23. ^ Template:Da icon Ægtefolk af samme køn, Politiken, 19 April 2009
  24. ^ Template:Da icon S og V vil kalde homo-vielser for ægteskab, Politiken, 24 August 2009
  25. ^ Template:Da icon L 123 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning og forskellige andre love samt ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab
  26. ^ Template:Da icon B 122 Forslag til folketingsbeslutning om at indføre en kønsneutral ægteskabslovgivning, så homoseksuelle par og heteroseksuelle par bliver ligestillede
  27. ^ Denmark moves to legalize same-sex marriage
  28. ^ Template:Da icon Høring om lovforslag om vielse af par af samme køn
  29. ^ Template:Da icon Ministre sender lovforslag om homovielser i høring
  30. ^ Template:Da icon Forslag til Lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, retspleje-loven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab
  31. ^ Template:Da icon Forslag til Lov om ændring af lov om medlemskab af folkekirken, kirkelig betjening og sognebåndsløsning
  32. ^ Denmark submits gay marriage bill
  33. ^ Template:Da icon Homoseksuelle: Vielses-forslag er ikke vidtgående nok
  34. ^ Template:Da icon L 105 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om medlemskab af folkekirken, kirkelig betjening og sognebåndsløsning
  35. ^ Template:Da icon L 106 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger og retsplejeloven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab
  36. ^ Denmark approves gay weddings in church
  37. ^ Template:Da icon Lov om ændring af lov om medlemskab af folkekirken, kirkelig betjening og sognebåndsløsning
  38. ^ Gay Danish couples win right to marry in church
  39. ^ "L 106 bill on amending the law on marriages and dissolution Act, the legal effects of marriage and Justice Act and repealing the Act on registered partnership. (3rd Reading)" (in Danish). 7 June 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  40. ^ Yuval Merin, Equality for same-sex couples. Published in 2002.
  41. ^ Template:Da icon Aleqa: Der er forskelsbehandling på homo og heteroseksuelle par
  42. ^ Template:Da icon [1]
  43. ^ Template:Da icon [2]
  44. ^ VEDTAGET Ja til homovielser og nej til at slå børn
  45. ^ Morgan, Joe (1 April 2016). "Same-sex couples can now get married in Greenland". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  46. ^ Template:Fo icon 51/2013 Uppskot til ríkislógartilmæli um at seta í gildi fyri Føroyar partar av broytingum í hjúnabandslógini og rættarvirknaðarlógini við tilhoyrandi skjølum
  47. ^ Template:Fo icon 52/2013 Uppskot til ríkislógartilmæli um broyting í rættargangslógini fyri Føroyar
  48. ^ Template:Fo icon 53/2013 Uppskot til ríkislógartilmæli um broyting í “Anordning om ikrafttræden for Færøerne af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning”
  49. ^ Faroe Islands: Equal marriage bill voted down
  50. ^ Template:Fo icon Løgtingssetan 2013 Mál: 51 Viðgerð: 2
  51. ^ Template:Fo icon Løgtingssetan 2013 Mál: 52 Viðgerð: 2
  52. ^ Template:Fo icon Løgtingssetan 2013 Mál: 53 Viðgerð: 2
  53. ^ Template:Fo icon 19/2015 Uppskot til rikislógartilmæli um at seta í gildi fyri Føroyar partar av broytingum í hjúnabandslógini og rættarvirknaðarlógini
  54. ^ Template:Fo icon Dagsskráin 2015 - Týsdagur, 24. November 2015, kl. 10:00
  55. ^ Hjúnabandslógin til viðgerðar aftur týsdagin
  56. ^ Gregersen, Árni (2016-04-27). "Uppskot um at samkynd kunnu giftast samtykt" (in Faroese). in.fo. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  57. ^ YouGov / EMEA Survey Results
  58. ^ Poll: 68% approve of equal marriage in the Faroe Islands
  59. ^ Large majority agrees with civil marriage for homosexuals
  60. ^ John William Joensen. "Norðoyingar og eysturoyingar ikki heilt sannførdir um borgarliga vígslu av samkyndum - Norðlýsið". Nordlysid.fo. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  61. ^ Faroe Islands poll: 61% support same-sex marriage
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