United States District Court for the District of Columbia

United States District Court for the District of Columbia
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Location	Washington, D.C.
Established	1863

The United States District Court for the District of Columbia (in case citations, D.D.C.) is a federal district court. Appeals from the District are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

History

The court was established by Congress in 1863 as the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, replacing the abolished circuit and district courts of the District of Columbia that had been in place since 1801. The court consisted of four justices, including a chief justice, and was granted the same powers and jurisdiction as the earlier circuit court. Any of the justices could convene a United States circuit court or a local criminal court. In 1936, Congress renamed the court the District Court for the District of Columbia. Its current name was adopted in 1948, and from then on justices were known as judges.

Originally housed in the former District of Columbia City Hall, the court now sits in the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse located at 333 Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C. The District has no local district attorney or equivalent, and so local prosecutorial matters also fall into the jurisdiction of the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia. Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSAs) are tasked with prosecution of not only federal crimes but also crimes that would normally be left to the state prosecutor's discretion. Because of this the District has the largest U.S. Attorney's Office in the nation, with around 250 AUSAs.

Current judges

#	Title	Judge	Duty station	Born	Term of service			Appointed by
#	Title	Judge	Duty station	Born	Active	Chief	Senior	Appointed by
96	Chief Judge	Beryl A. Howell	Washington, D.C.	1956	2010–present	2016–present	—	Obama
85	District Judge	Emmet G. Sullivan	Washington, D.C.	1947	1994–present	—	—	Clinton
88	District Judge	Colleen Kollar-Kotelly	Washington, D.C.	1943	1997–present	—	—	Clinton
98	District Judge	James E. Boasberg	Washington, D.C.	1963	2011–present	—	—	Obama
99	District Judge	Amy Berman Jackson	Washington, D.C.	1954	2011–present	—	—	Obama
100	District Judge	Rudolph Contreras	Washington, D.C.	1962	2012–present	—	—	Obama
101	District Judge	Ketanji Brown Jackson	Washington, D.C.	1970	2013–present	—	—	Obama
102	District Judge	Christopher R. Cooper	Washington, D.C.	1966	2014–present	—	—	Obama
103	District Judge	Tanya S. Chutkan	Washington, D.C.	1962	2014–present	—	—	Obama
104	District Judge	Randolph Moss	Washington, D.C.	1961	2014–present	—	—	Obama
105	District Judge	Amit P. Mehta	Washington, D.C.	1971	2014–present	—	—	Obama
106	District Judge	vacant	Washington, D.C.	—	—	—	—	—
107	District Judge	vacant	Washington, D.C.	—	—	—	—	—
108	District Judge	vacant	Washington, D.C.	—	—	—	—	—
109	District Judge	vacant	Washington, D.C.	—	—	—	—	—
74	Senior Judge	Joyce Hens Green	inactive	1928	1979–1995	—	1995–present	Carter
77	Senior Judge	Thomas F. Hogan	Washington, D.C.	1938	1982–2008	2001–2008	2008–present	Reagan
81	Senior Judge	Royce C. Lamberth	Washington, D.C.	1943	1987–2013	2008–2013	2013–present	Reagan
83	Senior Judge	Paul L. Friedman	Washington, D.C.	1944	1994–2009	—	2009–present	Clinton
84	Senior Judge	Gladys Kessler	Washington, D.C.	1938	1994–2007	—	2007–present	Clinton
89	Senior Judge	Henry H. Kennedy Jr.	inactive	1948	1997–2011	—	2011–present	Clinton
91	Senior Judge	Ellen Segal Huvelle	Washington, D.C.	1948	1999–2014	—	2014–present	Clinton
92	Senior Judge	Reggie Walton	Washington, D.C.	1949	2001–2015	—	2015–present	G.W. Bush
93	Senior Judge	John D. Bates^[1]	Washington, D.C.	1946	2001–2014	—	2014–present	G.W. Bush
94	Senior Judge	Richard J. Leon	Washington, D.C.	1949	2002–2016	—	2016–present	G.W. Bush
95	Senior Judge	Rosemary M. Collyer	Washington, D.C.	1945	2002–2016	—	2016–present	G.W. Bush

Vacancies and pending nominations

Seat	Seat last held by	Vacancy reason	Date of vacancy	Nominee	Date of nomination
15	Reggie Walton	Senior Status	December 31, 2015	Dabney Friedrich	June 7, 2017
3	Richard W. Roberts	Retirement	March 16, 2016	–	–
2	Rosemary M. Collyer	Senior Status	May 18, 2016	Timothy J. Kelly	June 7, 2017
14	Richard J. Leon	Senior Status	December 31, 2016	Trevor McFadden	June 7, 2017

Former judges

#	Judge	State	Born–died	Active service	Chief Judge	Senior status	Appointed by	Reason for termination
1	David Kellogg Cartter	DC	1812–1887	1863–1887	1863–1887	—	Lincoln	death
2	George P. Fisher	DC	1817–1899	1863–1870	—	—	Lincoln	resignation
3	Abram B. Olin	DC	1808–1879	1863–1879	—	—	Lincoln	retirement
4	Andrew Wylie	DC	1814–1905	1863^[2]–1885	—	—	Lincoln	retirement
5	David Campbell Humphreys	DC	1817–1879	1870–1879	—	—	Grant	death
6	Arthur MacArthur, Sr.	DC	1815–1896	1870–1887	—	—	Grant	retirement
7	Alexander Burton Hagner	DC	1826–1915	1879–1903	—	—	Hayes	retirement
8	Walter Smith Cox	DC	1826–1902	1879–1899	—	—	Hayes	retirement
9	Charles Pinckney James	DC	1818–1899	1879^[3]–1892	—	—	Hayes	retirement
10	William Matthews Merrick	DC	1818–1889	1885^[4]–1889	—	—	Cleveland	death
11	Martin V. Montgomery	DC	1840–1898	1887^[5]–1892	—	—	Cleveland	resignation
12	Edward Franklin Bingham	DC	1828–1907	1887^[6]–1903	1887–1903	—	Cleveland	retirement
13	Andrew Coyle Bradley	DC	1844–1902	1889–1902	—	—	B. Harrison	death
14	Louis E. McComas	DC	1846–1907	1892^[7]–1899	—	—	B. Harrison	resignation
15	Charles Cleaves Cole	DC	1841–1905	1893–1901	—	—	B. Harrison	resignation
16	Harry M. Clabaugh	DC	1856–1914	1899–1903	—	—	McKinley	appointment as Chief Justice
16.1	Harry M. Clabaugh	DC	1856–1914	1903^[8]–1914	1903–1914	—	T. Roosevelt	death
17	Job Barnard	DC	1844–1923	1899^[9]–1914	—	—	McKinley	retirement
18	Thomas H. Anderson	DC	1848–1916	1901^[10]–1916	—	—	McKinley	death
19	Ashley Mulgrave Gould	DC	1859–1921	1902–1921	—	—	T. Roosevelt	death
20	Jeter Connelly Pritchard	DC	1857–1921	1903–1904	—	—	T. Roosevelt	appointment to 4th Cir.
21	Daniel Thew Wright	DC	1864–1943	1903–1914	—	—	T. Roosevelt	resignation
22	Wendell Phillips Stafford	DC	1861–1953	1904^[11]–1931	—	—	T. Roosevelt	retirement
23	James Harry Covington	DC	1870–1942	1914–1918	1914–1918	—	Wilson	resignation
24	Walter I. McCoy	DC	1859–1933	1914–1918	—	—	Wilson	appointment as Chief Justice
24.1	Walter I. McCoy	DC	1859–1933	1918–1929	1918–1929	—	Wilson	retirement
25	Frederick Lincoln Siddons	DC	1864–1931	1915–1931	—	—	Wilson	death
26	William Hitz	DC	1872–1935	1916^[12]–1931	—	—	Wilson	appointment to D.C. Cir.
27	Thomas Jennings Bailey	DC	1867–1963	1918–1950	—	1950–1963	Wilson	death
28	Adolph A. Hoehling, Jr.	DC	1868–1941	1921–1927	—	—	Harding	resignation
29	Peyton Gordon	DC	1870–1946	1928–1941	—	1941–1946	Coolidge	death
30	Alfred Adams Wheat	DC	1867–1943	1929–1930	—	—	Hoover	appointment as Chief Justice
30.1	Alfred Adams Wheat	DC	1867–1943	1930–1941	1930–1941	1941–1943	Hoover	death
31	Jesse Corcoran Adkins	DC	1879–1955	1930–1946	—	1946–1955	Hoover	death
32	Oscar Raymond Luhring	DC	1879–1944	1930–1944	—	—	Hoover	death
33	Joseph Winston Cox	DC	1875–1939	1930–1939	—	—	Hoover	death
34	James McPherson Proctor	DC	1882–1953	1931–1948	—	—	Hoover	appointment to D.C. Cir.
35	F. Dickinson Letts	DC	1875–1965	1931^[13]–1961	1958–1959	1961–1965	Hoover	death
36	Daniel William O'Donoghue	DC	1876–1948	1931^[14]–1946	—	1946–1948	Hoover	death
37	Bolitha James Laws	DC	1891–1958	1938–1945	—	—	F. Roosevelt	appointment as Chief Justice
37.1	Bolitha James Laws	DC	1891–1958	1945–1948	1945–1948	—	F. Roosevelt	appointment as District Judge
37.2	Bolitha James Laws	DC	1891–1958	1948–1958	1948–1958	—	operation of law	death
38	Thomas Alan Goldsborough	DC	1877–1951	1939–1951	—	—	F. Roosevelt	death
39	James Ward Morris	DC	1890–1960	1939–1960	—	—	F. Roosevelt	death
40	David Andrew Pine	DC	1891–1970	1940–1965	1959–1961	1965–1970	F. Roosevelt	death
41	Matthew Francis McGuire	DC	1898–1986	1941–1966	1961–1966	1966–1986	F. Roosevelt	death
42	Edward C. Eicher	DC	1878–1944	1942–1944	1942–1944	—	F. Roosevelt	death
43	Henry Albert Schweinhaut	DC	1902–1970	1944–1956	—	1956–1970	F. Roosevelt	death
44	Alexander Holtzoff	DC	1886–1969	1945–1967	—	1967–1969	Truman	death
45	Richmond Bowling Keech	DC	1896–1986	1946^[15]–1966	1966–1966	1966–1986	Truman	death
46	Edward Matthew Curran	DC	1903–1988	1946^[16]–1971	1966–1971	1971–1988	Truman	death
47	Edward Allen Tamm	DC	1906–1985	1948^[17]–1965	—	—	Truman	appointment to D.C. Cir.
48	James Robert Kirkland	DC	1903–1958	1949^[18]–1958	—	—	Truman	death
49	Burnita Shelton Matthews	DC	1894–1988	1949^[19]–1968	—	1968–1988	Truman	death
50	Charles F. McLaughlin	DC	1887–1976	1949^[20]–1964	—	1964–1976	Truman	death
51	Walter Maximillian Bastian	DC	1891–1975	1950^[21]–1954	—	—	Truman	appointment to D.C. Cir.
52	Luther Youngdahl	DC	1896–1978	1951–1966	—	1966–1978	Truman	death
53	Joseph Charles McGarraghy	DC	1897–1975	1954–1967	—	1967–1975	Eisenhower	death
54	John Sirica	DC	1904–1992	1957–1977	1971–1974	1977–1992	Eisenhower	death
55	George Luzerne Hart, Jr.	DC	1905–1984	1958^[22]–1979	1974–1975	1979–1984	Eisenhower	death
56	Leonard Patrick Walsh	DC	1904–1980	1959–1971	—	1971–1980	Eisenhower	death
57	William Blakely Jones	DC	1907–1979	1962–1977	1975–1977	1977–1979	Kennedy	death
58	Spottswood William Robinson III	DC	1916–1998	1964^[23]–1966	—	—	L. Johnson	appointment to D.C. Cir.
59	Howard Francis Corcoran	DC	1906–1989	1965–1977	—	1977–1989	L. Johnson	death
60	William B. Bryant	DC	1911–2005	1965–1982	1977–1981	1982–2005	L. Johnson	death
61	Oliver Gasch	DC	1906–1999	1965–1981	—	1981–1999	L. Johnson	death
62	Aubrey Eugene Robinson, Jr.	DC	1922–2000	1966–1992	1982–1992	1992–2000	L. Johnson	death
63	John Lewis Smith Jr.	DC	1912–1992	1966–1983	1981–1982	1983–1992	L. Johnson	death
64	Joseph Cornelius Waddy	DC	1911–1978	1967–1978	—	—	L. Johnson	death
65	Gerhard Gesell	DC	1910–1993	1967–1993	—	1993–1993	L. Johnson	death
66	June Lazenby Green	DC	1914–2001	1968–1984	—	1984–2001	L. Johnson	death
67	John H. Pratt	DC	1910–1995	1968–1989	—	1989–1995	L. Johnson	death
68	Barrington D. Parker	DC	1915–1993	1969–1985	—	1985–1993	Nixon	death
69	Charles Robert Richey	DC	1923–1997	1971–1997	—	1997–1997	Nixon	death
70	Thomas Aquinas Flannery	DC	1918–2007	1971–1985	—	1985–2007	Nixon	death
71	Louis F. Oberdorfer	DC	1919–2013	1977–1992	—	1992–2013	Carter	death
72	Harold H. Greene	DC	1923–2000	1978–1995	—	1995–2000	Carter	death
73	John Garrett Penn	DC	1932–2007	1979–1998	1992–1997	1998–2007	Carter	death
75	Norma Holloway Johnson	DC	1932–2011	1980–2001	1997–2001	2001–2003	Carter	retirement
76	Thomas Penfield Jackson	DC	1937–2013	1982–2002	—	2002–2004	Reagan	retirement
78	Stanley S. Harris	DC	1927–present	1983–1996	—	1996–2001	Reagan	retirement
79	George Hughes Revercomb	DC	1929–1993	1985–1993	—	—	Reagan	death
80	Stanley Sporkin	DC	1932–present	1985–1999	—	1999–2000	Reagan	retirement
82	Michael Boudin	DC	1939–present	1990–1992	—	—	G.H.W. Bush	resignation
86	Ricardo M. Urbina	DC	1946–present	1994–2011	—	2011–2012	Clinton	retirement
87	James Robertson	DC	1938–present	1994–2008	—	2008–2010	Clinton	retirement
90	Richard W. Roberts	DC	1953–present	1998–2016	2013–2016	—	Clinton	retirement
97	Robert L. Wilkins	DC	1963–present	2010–2014	—	—	Obama	appointment to D.C. Cir.

Succession of seats

Associate Justices Clabaugh, McCoy, Wheat and Laws were elevated to Chief Justice.
Chief Justice Laws was assigned to the new Seat 13 by operation of law upon the abolition of the Chief Justice Seat 1.

Seat 1
Seat established on March 3, 1863 by 12 Stat. 762
Chief Justice
Cartter	1863–1887
Bingham	1887–1903
Clabaugh (Chief)	1903–1914
Covington	1914–1918
McCoy (Chief)	1918–1929
Wheat (Chief)	1930–1941
Eicher	1942–1944
Laws (Chief)	1945–1948
Chief Justice abolished on September 1, 1948 by 62 Stat. 869, 985

Seat 2
Seat established on March 3, 1863 by 12 Stat. 762
Fisher	1863–1870
Humphreys	1870–1879
James	1879–1892
Cole	1893–1901
Anderson	1902–1916
Hitz	1917–1931
Proctor	1931–1948
Tamm	1949–1965
Gasch	1965–1981
T. Jackson	1982–2002
Collyer	2002–2016
vacant	2016–present

Seat 3
Seat established on March 3, 1863 by 12 Stat. 762
Olin	1863–1879
Hagner	1879–1903
Wright	1903–1914
Siddons	1915–1931
O'Donoghue	1932–1946
Curran	1947–1971
Richey	1971–1997
Roberts	1998–2016
vacant	2016–present

Seat 4
Seat established on March 3, 1863 by 12 Stat. 762
Wylie	1863–1885
Merrick	1885–1889
Bradley	1889–1902
Gould	1902–1921
Hoehling, Jr.	1921–1927
Gordon	1928–1941
McGuire	1941–1966
A. Robinson, Jr.	1966–1992
Urbina	1994–2011
Contreras	2012–present

Seat 5
Seat established on June 21, 1870 by 16 Stat. 160
MacArthur	1870–1887
Montgomery	1888–1892
McComas	1893–1899
Clabaugh (Associate)	1899–1903
Pritchard	1903–1904
Stafford	1904–1931
Letts	1932–1961
Jones	1962–1977
Oberdorfer	1977–1992
Sullivan	1994–present

Seat 6
Seat established on February 25, 1879 by 20 Stat. 320
W. Cox	1879–1899
Barnard	1899–1914
McCoy (Associate)	1914–1918
Bailey	1918–1950
Bastian	1950–1954
McGarraghy	1954–1967
Parker, Sr.	1969–1985
Lamberth	1987–2013
Cooper	2014–present

Seat 7
Seat established on December 20, 1928 by 45 Stat. 1056
Wheat (Associate)	1929–1930
Adkins	1930–1946
Keech	1947–1966
Waddy	1967–1978
Penn	1979–1998
Huvelle	1999–2014
Mehta	2014–present

Seat 8
Seat established on June 19, 1930 by 46 Stat. 785
Luhring	1930–1944
Schweinhaut	1944–1956
Sirica	1957–1977
Greene	1978–1995
Kollar-Kotelly	1997–present

Seat 9
Seat established on June 19, 1930 by 46 Stat. 785
J. Cox	1930–1939
Pine	1940–1965
Bryant	1965–1982
Hogan	1982–2008
Boasberg	2011–present

Seat 10
Seat established on May 31, 1938 by 52 Stat. 584
Laws (Associate)	1938–1945
Holtzoff	1945–1967
Pratt	1968–1989
Boudin	1990–1992
Kessler	1994–2007
A. Jackson	2011–present

Seat 11
Seat established on May 31, 1938 by 52 Stat. 584
Goldsborough	1939–1951
Youngdahl	1951–1966
Smith, Jr.	1966–1983
Harris	1983–1996
Bates	2001–2014
Seat 11 abolished on October 12, 2014 (Temporary judgeship expired)

Seat 12
Seat established on May 31, 1938 by 52 Stat. 584
Morris	1939–1960
S. Robinson III	1964–1966
Gesell	1967–1993
Friedman	1994–2009
Howell	2010–present

Seat 13
Seat established on September 1, 1948 by 62 Stat. 869, 985
Laws (Judge)	1948–1958
Walsh	1959–1971
Flannery	1971–1985
Revercomb	1985–1993
Robertson	1994–2008
Wilkins	2010–2014
Moss	2014–present

Seat 14
Seat established on August 3, 1949 by 63 Stat. 493
Kirkland	1950–1958
Hart, Jr.	1959–1979
Johnson	1980–2001
Leon	2002–2016
vacant	2016–present

Seat 15
Seat established on August 3, 1949 by 63 Stat. 493
Matthews	1950–1968
J.L. Green	1968–1984
Sporkin	1985–1999
Walton	2001–2015
vacant	2015–present

Seat 16
Seat established on August 3, 1949 by 63 Stat. 493
McLaughlin	1949–1964
Corcoran	1965–1977
J.H. Green	1979–1995
Kennedy, Jr.	1997–2011
K. Jackson	2013–present

Seat 17
Seat established on July 1, 2013 pursuant to 104 Stat. 5089 (temporary)
Seat became permanent upon the abolition of Seat 11 on October 12, 2014
Chutkan	2014–present

Notes

^ Appointed Director of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on June 11, 2013, by Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Roberts. He retains his commission as a United States District Court Judge. The appointment takes effect July 1, 2013. Kathleen Arberg (11 June 2013). "Press Releases - 06/11/13 - Supreme Court of the United States". The Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ Recess appointment; Wylie was formally nominated January 5, 1864 and was confirmed January 20, receiving his commission the same day.
^ Recess appointment; James was formally nominated on December 1, 1879, confirmed by the Senate December 10, 1879 and received his commission the same day.
^ Recess appointment; Merrick was formally nominated on December 14, 1885, confirmed by the Senate March 15, 1856 and received his commission the same day.
^ Recess appointment; Montgomery was formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the Senate January 26, 1888 and received his commission the same day.
^ Recess appointment; Montgomery was formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the Senate January 23, 1888 and received his commission the same day.
^ Recess appointment;McComas was formally nominated on December 6, 1892, confirmed by the Senate January 25, 1893 and received his commission the same day.
^ Recess appointment;Clabaugh was formally nominated on November 10, 1903, confirmed by the Senate November 16, 1903 and received his commission the same day.
^ Recess appointment; Barnard was formally nominated December 11, 1899, confirmed by the Senate December 19 and received his commission the same day
^ Recess appointment; Anderson was formally nominated December 5, 1901, confirmed by the Senate February 4, 1902 and received his commission February 6, 1902
^ Recess appointment; Stafford was formally nominated December 6, 1904, confirmed by the Senate December 13 and received his commission the same day
^ Recess appointment; Hitz was formally nominated December 15, 1916, confirmed by the Senate January 2, 1917 and received his commission the same day.
^ Recess appointment; Letts was formally nominated December 15, 1931, confirmed by the Senate February 17, 1932 and received his commission February 20, 1932.
^ Recess appointment; O'Donoghue was formally nominated December 15, 1931, confirmed by the Senate January 26, 1932 and received his commission February 23, 1932.
^ Recess appointment; Keech was formally nominated January 8, 1947, confirmed by the Senate January 22 and received his commission January 24.
^ Recess appointment; Curran was formally nominated January 8, 1947, confirmed by the Senate February 3 and received his commission February 5.
^ Recess appointment; Tamm was formally nominated January 13, 1949, confirmed by the Senate March 29 and received his commission April 1.
^ Recess appointment; Kirkland was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate March 8 and received his commission March 9.
^ Recess appointment; Matthews was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate April 4, 1950 and received his commission April 7, 1950.
^ Recess appointment; McLaughlin was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate February 27, 1950 and received his commission March 1, 1950.
^ Recess appointment; Bastian was formally nominated November 27, 1950, confirmed by the Senate December 14, 1950 and received his commission December 22, 1950.
^ Recess appointment; Hart was formally nominated January 17, 1959, confirmed by the Senate September 9 and received his commission September 10.
^ Recess appointment; Robinson was formally nominated February 3, 1964 confirmed by the Senate July 1, 1964 and received his commission July 2, 1964.

External links

[1] Appointed Director of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on June 11, 2013, by Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Roberts. He retains his commission as a United States District Court Judge. The appointment takes effect July 1, 2013. Kathleen Arberg (11 June 2013). "Press Releases - 06/11/13 - Supreme Court of the United States". The Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved 11 June 2013.

[2] Recess appointment; Wylie was formally nominated January 5, 1864 and was confirmed January 20, receiving his commission the same day.

[3] Recess appointment; James was formally nominated on December 1, 1879, confirmed by the Senate December 10, 1879 and received his commission the same day.

[4] Recess appointment; Merrick was formally nominated on December 14, 1885, confirmed by the Senate March 15, 1856 and received his commission the same day.

[5] Recess appointment; Montgomery was formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the Senate January 26, 1888 and received his commission the same day.

[6] Recess appointment; Montgomery was formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the Senate January 23, 1888 and received his commission the same day.

[7] Recess appointment;McComas was formally nominated on December 6, 1892, confirmed by the Senate January 25, 1893 and received his commission the same day.

[8] Recess appointment;Clabaugh was formally nominated on November 10, 1903, confirmed by the Senate November 16, 1903 and received his commission the same day.

[9] Recess appointment; Barnard was formally nominated December 11, 1899, confirmed by the Senate December 19 and received his commission the same day

[10] Recess appointment; Anderson was formally nominated December 5, 1901, confirmed by the Senate February 4, 1902 and received his commission February 6, 1902

[11] Recess appointment; Stafford was formally nominated December 6, 1904, confirmed by the Senate December 13 and received his commission the same day

[12] Recess appointment; Hitz was formally nominated December 15, 1916, confirmed by the Senate January 2, 1917 and received his commission the same day.

[13] Recess appointment; Letts was formally nominated December 15, 1931, confirmed by the Senate February 17, 1932 and received his commission February 20, 1932.

[14] Recess appointment; O'Donoghue was formally nominated December 15, 1931, confirmed by the Senate January 26, 1932 and received his commission February 23, 1932.

[15] Recess appointment; Keech was formally nominated January 8, 1947, confirmed by the Senate January 22 and received his commission January 24.

[16] Recess appointment; Curran was formally nominated January 8, 1947, confirmed by the Senate February 3 and received his commission February 5.

[17] Recess appointment; Tamm was formally nominated January 13, 1949, confirmed by the Senate March 29 and received his commission April 1.

[18] Recess appointment; Kirkland was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate March 8 and received his commission March 9.

[19] Recess appointment; Matthews was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate April 4, 1950 and received his commission April 7, 1950.

[20] Recess appointment; McLaughlin was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate February 27, 1950 and received his commission March 1, 1950.

[21] Recess appointment; Bastian was formally nominated November 27, 1950, confirmed by the Senate December 14, 1950 and received his commission December 22, 1950.

[22] Recess appointment; Hart was formally nominated January 17, 1959, confirmed by the Senate September 9 and received his commission September 10.

[23] Recess appointment; Robinson was formally nominated February 3, 1964 confirmed by the Senate July 1, 1964 and received his commission July 2, 1964.

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v t e United States federal courts
Supreme Court of the United States United States courts of appeals List of United States district and territorial courts

Courts of appeals	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th DC Federal
District courts	Alabama (M, N, S) Alaska Arizona Arkansas (E, W) California (C, E, N, S) Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida (M, N, S) Georgia (M, N, S) Hawaii Idaho Illinois (C, N, S) Indiana (N, S) Iowa (N, S) Kansas Kentucky (E, W) Louisiana (E, M, W) Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan (E, W) Minnesota Mississippi (N, S) Missouri (E, W) Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York (E, N, S, W) North Carolina (E, M, W) North Dakota Ohio (N, S) Oklahoma (E, N, W) Oregon Pennsylvania (E, M, W) Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee (E, M, W) Texas (E, N, S, W) Utah Vermont Virginia (E, W) Washington (E, W) West Virginia (N, S) Wisconsin (E, W) Wyoming
Specialty courts	Court of International Trade Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation Alien Terrorist Removal Court Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
Territorial courts	Guam Northern Mariana Islands Virgin Islands
Extinct courts	Former United States district courts District of Orleans District of Potomac Eastern District of Illinois District of the Canal Zone District of China District of Berlin
Note	American Samoa does not have a district court or federal territorial court; federal matters there go to the District of Columbia, Hawaii, or its own Supreme Court.