1806–07 United States Senate elections

United States Senate elections, 1806 and 1807
11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections); 18 seats needed for a majority
Majority party before election; Democratic-Republican;	Elected Majority party ; Democratic-Republican;

The United States Senate election of 1806 and 1807 were elections that had the Democratic-Republican Party increase its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional Senator. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Senate Party Division, 10th Congress (1807–1809)

Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (28)
Minority Party: Federalist (6)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 34

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

DR₂₇	DR₂₆	DR₂₅	DR₂₄	DR₂₃	DR₂₂	DR₂₁	DR₂₀	DR₁₉	DR₁₈
DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₂₇ Hold	DR₂₆ Hold	DR₂₅ Hold	DR₂₄ Re-elected	DR₂₃ Re-elected	DR₂₂ Re-elected	DR₂₁ Re-elected	DR₂₀ Re-elected	DR₁₉ Re-elected	DR₁₈
DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
DR₂₈ Gain	F₆ Re-elected	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Georgia (Class 3)	James Jackson	Democratic-Republican	1793 (Class 2) Resigned in 1795 1801	Incumbent died March 19, 1806. Winner elected June 19, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Kentucky (Class 3)	John Adair	Democratic-Republican	1805 (Special)	Incumbent resigned November 18, 1806 after losing the election to the next term. Winner elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional age minimum. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Henry Clay (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Maryland (Class 3)	Robert Wright	Democratic-Republican	1801 (Special)	Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 (as well as to the next term, see below). Winner elected November 25, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Philip Reed (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

Races leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.

All the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Uriah Tracy	Federalist	1796 (Special) 1801	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Uriah Tracy (Federalist) [data missing]
Georgia	John Milledge	Democratic- Republican	1806 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Kentucky	Henry Clay	Democratic- Republican	1806 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Pope (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Maryland	Philip Reed	Democratic- Republican	1797 (Special)	Incumbent elected November 25, 1806, as well as being elected to finish the preceding term.	√ Philip Reed (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
New Hampshire	William Plumer	Federalist	1802 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1807. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Nahum Parker (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
New York	John Smith	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Smith (Democratic-Republican), Unopposed
North Carolina	David Stone	Democratic- Republican	1800	Incumbent retired to return to the State Superior Court, and then resigned early (February 17, 1807) Winner elected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Ohio	Thomas Worthington	Democratic- Republican	1803	Incumbent retired.[data missing] Winner elected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Edward Tiffin (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Pennsylvania	George Logan	Democratic- Republican	1801 (Appointed) 1801 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican) 49.11% Nathaniel Boileau (Democratic-Republican) 35.71% John Steele (Democratic-Republican) 12.5% Not voting 2.68%
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Vermont	Stephen R. Bradley	Democratic- Republican	1791 Lost in 1795 1801 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Stephen R. Bradley (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

Special elections during the next Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Vermont (Class 1)	Israel Smith	Democratic-Republican	1803	Incumbent resigned October 1, 1807. Winner elected October 10, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Connecticut (Class 3)	Uriah Tracy	Federalist	1796 (Special) 1801 1807	Incumbent died July 19, 1807. Winner elected October 25, 1807. Federalist hold.	√ Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) [data missing]
Rhode Island (Class 2)	James Fenner	Democratic-Republican	1805	Incumbent resigned September 1807. Winner elected October 26, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Elisha Mathewson (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Georgia (Class 2)	George Jones	Democratic-Republican	1807 (Appointed)	Predecessor Abraham Baldwin (DR) had died March 4, 1807. Incumbent appointee did not seek election. Winner elected November 7, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William H. Crawford (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov