User:Kuya kyon/sandbox
This is a timeline of Philippine history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the Philippines and their predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the Philippines. See also the list of Presidents of the Philippines.
10th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 900 | End of prehistory. Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the earliest known Philippine document, is written in the Manila area in Kawi script. | |
| Rise of Indianized Kingdom of Tondo around Manila Bay. |
Kingdom of Tondo - Tondo, (also referred to as Tundo, Tundun, Tundok, Lusung) was a fortified kingdom which was located in the Manila Bay area, specifically north of the Pasig River, on Luzon island. It is one of the settlements mentioned by the Philippines' earliest historical record, the Laguna Copperplate Inscription. Originally an Indianized kingdom in the 10th century, Tondo built upon and capitalized on being central to the long-existing ancient regional trading routes throughout the archipelago to include among others, initiating diplomatic and commercial ties with China during the Ming Dynasty. Thus it became an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia. (See Luções). Tondo's regional prominence further culminated during the period of its associated trade and alliance with Brunei's Sultan Bolkiah, when around 1500 its peak age as a thalassocratic force in the northern archipelago was realized. When the Spanish first arrived in Tondo in 1570 and defeated the local rulers in the Manila Bay area in 1591, Tondo came under the administration of Manila (a Spanish fort built on the remains of Kota Seludong), ending its existence as an independent state. This subjugated Tondo continues to exist today as a district of the city of Manila.
11th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1000 | People from Central Vietnam called Orang Dampuan establish trade zones in Sulu | |
| 1001 | Song Shih document records tributary delegation from the Buddhist Kingdom of Butuan on March 17. |
Kingdom of Butuan - The Kingdom of Butuan(Tagalog: Kahariang Butuan) (蒲端國 in Chinese records) was an ancient Indianized kingdom in pre-colonial southern Philippines centered on the present Mindanao island city of Butuan. It was known for its mining of gold, its gold products and its extensive trade network across the Nusantara area. The kingdom had trading relationships with the ancient civilizations of Japan, China, India, Indonesia, Persia, Cambodia and areas now comprised in Thailand The balangay (large outrigger boats) that have been found along the east and west banks of the Libertad river(old Agusan River) have revealed much about Butuan's history. As a result Butuan is considered to have been a major trading port in the Caraga region during the pre-colonial era.
12th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1175 | Kingdom of Namayan reaches its peak. |
Kingdom of Namayan - The ancient Kingdom of Namayan (also called the Kingdom of Sapa, Maysapan or Nasapan,[1] and sometimes Lamayan - both references to its capital) was one of three major kingdoms that dominated the banks of the Pasig River and the coast of Laguna de Bay in the Philippines prior to the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Namayan is said to be the oldest of the three kingdoms, predating the kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila. Formed by a confederation of barangays, it is said to have achieved its peak in 1175.
13th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1240 | Tuan Masha'ika, an Arab, travels and introduces Islam to Sulu. |
Arab people - Arab people, also known as Arabs (Arabic: عرب, ʿarab), are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing an important part of Arab identity. The word "Arab" has had several different, but overlapping, meanings over the centuries (and sometimes even today). In addition to including all Arabized people of the world (with language tending to be the acid test), it has also at times been used exclusively for bedouin (Arab nomads [although a related word, "`a-RAB," with the Arabic letter "alif" in the second syllable, once was sometimes used when this specific meaning was intended] and their now almost entirely settled descendants). It is sometimes used that way colloquially even today in some places. Townspeople once were sometimes called "sons of the Arabs." As in the case of other ethnicities or nations, people identify themselves (or are identified by others) as "Arabs" to varying degrees. This may not be one's primary identity (it tends to compete with country, religion, sect, etc.), and whether it is emphasized may depend upon one's audience. If the diverse Arab pan-ethnicity is regarded as a single ethnic group, then it constitutes one of the world's largest after Han Chinese. Islam - Islam (/ˈɪslɑːm/; Arabic: الإسلام, al-ʾIslām IPA: [ælʔɪsˈlæːm] ( listen)) is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Arabic: الله Allāh) and by the teachings and normative example (called the Sunnah and composed of Hadith) of Muhammad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God. An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim. Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable and the purpose of existence is to love and serve God. Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including through Abraham, Moses and Jesus, whom they consider prophets. They maintain that the previous messages and revelations have been partially misinterpreted or altered over time, but consider the Arabic Qur'an to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of God. Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law, which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, providing guidance on multifarious topics from banking and welfare, to warfare and the environment. Most Muslims are of two denominations, Sunni (75–90%),or Shia (10–20%).About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country, 25% in South Asia,20% in the Middle East,[10] and 15% in Sub-saharan Africa.[11] Sizable minorities are also found in Europe,China, Russia, and the Americas. Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world (see Islam by country). With about 1.57 billion followers or 23% of earth's population,Islam is the second-largest religion and one of the fastest-growing religions in the world. Sulu - Sulu (Tausūg: سوگ, Sūg), (Chavacano:Provincia de Sūlū), (Filipino: Lalawigan ng Sulu) is an autonomous island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Its capital is Jolo and occupies the middle group of islands of the Sulu Archipelago, between Basilan and Tawi-Tawi.
14th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1380 | Karim Al-Makhdum arrives in Jolo and builds a Mosque. | |
| 1400 | Birth of the Baybayin, Hanunoo, Tagbanwa, and Buhid scripts from Brahmi. |
Makhdum Karim - Makhdum Karim was a 14th-century Arab trader who brought Islam to the Philippines, in 1380. He established a mosque in Sulu, known as Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque which is the oldest mosque in the country.
This biographical article about a person notable in connection with Islam is a stub.
This biographical article about a Filipino religious figure is a stub.
15th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1457 | Sultanate of Sulu founded by Sharif Al-Hashim.[1] |
Sultanate of Sulu - The Sultanate of Sulu Dar al-Islam[note 1] (Jawi: سلطنة سولو دار الإسلام) was an Islamic Tausūg[note 2] state that ruled over many of the islands of the Sulu Sea, in the southern Philippines and certain portions of present-day Sabah (then North Borneo) specifically "north-west coast and extending along the whole east coast as far as the Sibuco River in the south and comprising amongst others the States of Paitan, Sugut, Bangaya, Labuk, Sandakan, Kina Batangan, Mumiang, and all the other territories and states to the southward thereof bordering on Darvel Bay and as far as the Sibuco river with all the islands within three marine leagues of the coast."[2] The sultanate was founded in 1457[note 3] by a Johore-born Arab explorer and religious scholar Sayyid Abu Bakr Abirin[note 4] after he settled in Banua Buansa Ummah (ummah is an Arabic term for "community"), Sulu. After the marriage of Abu Bakr and local dayang-dayang (princess) Paramisuli, he founded the sultanate and assumed the title Paduka Mahasari Maulana al Sultan Sharif ul-Hāshim. The Sultanate's temporal power was relinquished in March 1915 after American commanders negotiated with Sultan Jamalul Kiram on behalf of then-Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison. An agreement was subsequently signed and was called as the "Carpenter Agreement". By this agreement, the Sultan relinquished all temporal power over territory within the Philippines (except for certain specific land granted to Sultan Jamalul Kiram and his heirs), but retained his rights of sovereignty over the territory of North Borneo and his religious authority as titular head of the Islamic Church in Sulu.
16th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1500 | Rise of Kingdom of Maynila under the Bolkiah dynasty | |
| 1521 | March 16 | Ferdinand Magellan lands on Homonhon with three small ships, named the Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria. Magellan calls the place the Arcigelago de San Lazaro since March 16 is the feast day of Saint Lazarus |
| March 28 | Magellan reaches the Philippines | |
| March 29 | Blood Compact between Magellan and Rajah Kulambo of Limasawa | |
| March 31 | The first mass on Philippine soil is celebrated. | |
| April 7 | Magellan meets Rajah Humabon of Cebu and enters into another Blood Compact. Humabon and his wife are baptized into the Catholic Church. | |
| April 27 | Magellan is killed by Lapu-Lapu in the battle of Mactan. | |
| 1525 | Spain sends an expedition under Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaysa to the Philippines. The Loaysa Expedition failed | |
| 1526 | Spain sends another expedition under Juan Cabot to the Philippines. The Cabot Expedition also failed | |
| 1527 | Spain sends a fourth expedition under Alvaro de Saavedra to the Philippines. | |
| 1529 | Saavedra's expedition returns to Spain without Saavedra who died on the way home. | |
| 1536 | The Loaysa expedition returns to Spain. One of its survivors is Andres de Urdaneta, its chronicler. | |
| 1543 | Spain sends a fifth expedition under Ruy López de Villalobos to the Philippines. The Expedition succeeds | |
| February 2 | Villalobos arrives in the Philippines and names the islands of Samar and Leyte as Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the crown prince of Spain, Philip of Asturias | |
| 1565 | February 13 | Miguel López de Legazpi arrives in the Philippines with four ships and 380 men |
| 8 May | Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in the country | |
| Philippines was governed as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. | ||
| 1567 | Dagami Revolt (1567)[2][3][4][5][6] | |
| 1568 | The Portuguese, under the command of General Gonzalo de Pereira, attack Cebu and blockade its port. | |
| 1570 | The Portuguese again attack the colony and are repulsed. | |
| May | Legaspi sends an expedition under the leadership of Martin de Goiti to Manila. | |
| 1571 | 19 May | The ruler of Manila, Rajah Suliman, wages war against the Spaniards |
| June 24 | Legaspi establishes the Spanish Colonial Government in Manila and proclaims it the capital of the colony | |
| 1572 | August 20 | Legazpi dies and Guido de Lavezaris succeeds him as Governor-General (1572–1575) |
| 1574 | November 23 | The Chinese pirate captain Limahong attacks Manila but fails |
| December 2 | Limahong again attacks Manila with 1500 soldiers but again fails to defeat the Spaniards | |
| December | Lakandula leads a short revolt against the Spanish.[2][3][4][5][6] | |
| 1575 | Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres(later renamed as Naga City) established by Captain Pedro de Sanchez | |
| August 25 | Francisco de Sande appointed Governor-General (1575–1580) | |
| 1579 | Diocese of Manila established | |
| 1580 | April | Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñaloza appointed Governor-General (1580–1583) |
| King Philip II of Spain becomes King of Portugal, ending the Portuguese harassment of the Philippines | ||
| The Spaniards institute forced labor on all male natives aged 16 to 60. | ||
| 1582 | Battles take place between Spanish forces and Japanese Ronin | |
| 1583 | March 10 | Diego Ronquillo appointed Governor-General (1583–1584) |
| August | A great fire destroys Manila | |
| 1584 | 16 May | Santiago de Vera appointed Governor-General (1584–1590) |
| 1585 | Pampangos Revolt (1585)[2][3][4][5][6] | |
| 1587 | Conspiracy of the Maharlikas (1587–1588)[2][3][4][5][6] | |
| 1589 | Revolts Against the Tribute (1589)[2][3][4][5][6] | |
| 1590 | Missionaries from the Society of Jesus established the Colegio de Manila in Intramuros.[7][8][9] | |
| June 1 | Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1590–1593) | |
| 1592 | Miguel de Benavides's Doctrina Christiana in Chinese published | |
| 1593 | Doctrina Christiana in Spanish and Tagalog published | |
| October | Pedro de Rojas appointed Governor-General (1593) | |
| December 3 | Luis Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1593–1596) | |
| 1595 | Diocese of Manila raised to an Archbishopric | |
| Diocese of Nueva Segovia established. | ||
| Diocese of Caceres established. | ||
| Diocese of Cebu established. | ||
| Colegio de San Ildefonso founded in Cebu | ||
| 1596 | Magalat Revolt (1596)[2][3][4][5][6] | |
| July 14 | Francisco de Tello de Guzmán appointed Governor-General (1596–1602) | |
| 1598 | Colegio de Santa Potenciana, the first school for girls in the Philippines, established[7][10][11][12] | |
| 1600 | Pedro Bucaneg inscribes the oral epic Biag ni Lam-ang |
17th century
[edit]18th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1701 | December 8 | Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri appointed Governor-General (1701–1709). |
| 1709 | August 25 | Martín de Urzua y Arismendi appointed Governor-General (1709–1715). |
| 1715 | February 4 | Jose Torralba appointed Governor-General (1715–1717) by the Audiencia Real. |
| 1717 | August 9 | Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda appointed Governor-General (1717–1719). |
| 1718 | Rivera Revolt (1718)[2][3][4][5][6] | |
| 1719 | October 11 | Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta of Manila becomes acting Governor-General (1719–1721). |
| Caragay Revolt (1719)[2][3][4][5][6] | ||
| 1721 | August 6 | Toribio José Cosio y Campo appointed Governor-General (1721–1729). |
| 1722 | Colegio de San Jose conferred with the title Royal. | |
| 1729 | August 14 | Fernándo Valdés y Tamon appointed Governor-General (1729–1739). |
| 1739 | July | Gaspar de la Torre appointed Governor-General (1739–1745). |
| 1744 | Dagohoy Rebellion (1744–1829) | |
| 1745 | September 21 | Archbishop Juan Arrechederra of Manila becomes acting Governor-General (1745–1750). |
| Agrarian Revolt (1745–1746)[2][3][4][5][6] | ||
| 1750 | July 20 | Jose Francisco de Obando y Solis appointed Governor-General (1750–1754). |
| 1754 | 15 May | Mt Taal emits magma and destroys the towns of Lipa, Sala, Tanauan and Talisay. |
| July 26 | Pedro Manuel de Arandia Santisteban appointed Governor-General (1754–1759). | |
| 1759 | June | Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta appointed Governor-General (1759–1761). |
| 1761 | July | Archbishop Manuel Rojo del Rio y Vieyra of Manila Manilaappointed Governor-General (1761–1762). |
| 1762 | Silang Revolt (1762–63) | |
| Palaris Revolt (1762–1765) | ||
| Camarines Revolt (1762–1764) | ||
| Cebu Revolt (1762–1764) | ||
| British forces looted and plundered many of Manila establishments through the so-called Rape of Manila. | ||
| September 22 | British fleet entered seizes Manila Bay as part of the Seven Years' War | |
| October 5 | Manila fell under the British rule; start of the British occupation. | |
| October 6 | Simón de Anda y Salazar appointed Governor-General (1762-17614) by the Real Audiencia. Provisional Government established in Bacolor, Pampanga with de Anda as dictator. | |
| November 2 | The British East India Company commissioned The Rt Hon. Dawsonne Drake became the first British governor-general of the Philippines until 1764. | |
| 1763 | Dabo and Marayac Revolt (1763) | |
| Isabela Revolt (1763). | ||
| February 10 | Treaty of Paris implicitly returns Manila to Spain. | |
| 28 May | Deaths of Gabriela Silang, the only Filipina to have led a revolt, and her husband Diego. | |
| 1764 | March 17 | de Anda hands over the control of the colonial government to Francisco Javier de la Torre, newly appointed Governor-General (1764–1765) |
| June 11 | The last of the British ships that sailed to Manila leaves the Philippines for India, ending the British occupation. | |
| 1765 | February 10 | Royal Fiscal of Manila Don Francisco Léandro de Viana writes the famous letter to King Charles III of Spain, later called as "Viana Memorial of 1765". The document advised the king to abandon the colony due to the economic and social devastation created by the Seven Years' War. The suggestion was not heeded. |
| July 6 | José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez appointed Governor-General (1765–1770) | |
| Governor Raon orders the minting of parallelogramic-shaped coins called barrillas, the first coined minted in the Philippines. | ||
| 1769 | July 23 | The Society of Jesus in the Philippines is expelled by Raón after receiving a dated later from Charles III's chief minister Don Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea on March 1, 1767. The Jesuit's Properties are confiscated by the Spanish Colonial Government |
| 1770 | July | Simón de Anda y Salazar appointed Governor-General (1770–1776) |
| 1771 | Moro pirates traveled all over the country and raids many fishing villages in Manila Bay, Mariveles, Parañaque, Pasay and Malate. | |
| 1774 | November 9 | Parishes secularized by order of King Charles III of Spain. |
| 1776 | October 30 | Pedro de Sarrio appointed Governor-General (1776–1778) |
| 1778 | July | José Basco y Vargas appointed Governor-General (1778–1787) |
| 1780 | Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos del Pais de Filipinas (Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines) introduced in the Philippines to offer local and foreign scholarships and professorships to Filipinos, and financed trips of scientists from Spain to the Philippines | |
| 1783 | Bishop Mateo Joaquin de Arevalo of Cebu establishes the Colegio-Seminario de San Carlos(later renamed as the University of San Carlos) from the old building of the defunct Colegio de San Ildefonso, which was closed down in 1769 after the suppression of the Jesuits. | |
| 1785 | Lagutao Revolt (1785). | |
| 20 May | University of Santo Tomas granted Royal Title by King Charles III of Spain.[16][17] | |
| 1787 | September 22 | Pedro de Sarrio appointed Governor-General (1787–1788) |
| 1788 | Ilocos Norte Revolt (1788). | |
| April 2 | Birth of the greatest Tagalog poet from Bulacan Francisco "Balagtas" Baltazar. | |
| July 1 | Félix Berenguer de Marquina appointed Governor-General (1788–1793) | |
| 1793 | September 1 | Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León appointed Governor-General (1793–1806) |
19th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1805 | Nueva Vizcaya Revolt (1805) | |
| 1806 | August 7 | Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General (1806–1810) |
| 1807 | Ambaristo Revolt (1807) | |
| 1808 | May | French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte installs his brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain. |
| 1809 | January 22 | King Joseph Bonaparte gives Filipinos Spanish Citizenship and grants the colony representation in the Spanish Cortes |
| 1810 | March 4 | Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar appointed Governor-General (1806–1813) |
| 1812 | March 19 | The Spanish Cortes promulgates the Cadiz Constitution |
| September 24 | The first Philippine delegates to the Spanish Cortes, Pedro Perez de Tagle and Jose Manuel Coretto take their oath of office in Madrid, Spain. | |
| 1813 | September 4 | José Gardoqui Jaraveitia appointed Governor-General (1806–1816) |
| March 17 | The Cadiz Constitution implemented in Manila | |
| October 16 | Napoleon is defeated in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig | |
| October | British General Duke of Wellington drives the Napoleonic forces out of Spain | |
| 1814 | Ferdinand VII proclaimed as King of Spain; Conservatives return to the Spanish Cortes | |
| 1815 | June 18 | Napoleon is defeated in Waterloo |
| October 15 | Napoleon is exiled in St. Helena's Island | |
| 1816 | Cadiz Constitution is rejected by the conservative government and Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes is abolished | |
| December 10 | Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General (1816–1822) | |
| 1822 | October 30 | Juan Antonio Martínez appointed Governor-General (1822–1825) |
| 1825 | October 14 | Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca appointed Governor-General (1825–1830) |
| 1828 | Earthquake strikes Manila destroying many of its buildings | |
| 1830 | December 23 | Pascual Enrile y Alcedo appointed Governor-General (1830–1835) |
| Manila is opened to the world market | ||
| 1835 | March 1 | Gabriel de Torres appointed Governor-General (1835) |
| April 23 | Joaquín de Crámer appointed Governor-General (1835) | |
| September 9 | Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona appointed Governor-General (1835) | |
| Chamber of Commerce is formed | ||
| 1837 | August 27 | Andrés García Camba appointed Governor-General (1837–1838) |
| Manila is made an open port. | ||
| 1838 | December 29 | Luis Lardizábal appointed Governor-General (1838–1841) |
| Florante at Laura is published. | ||
| 1841 | February 14 | Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri appointed Governor-General (1841–1843) |
| 1843 | June 17 | Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre appointed Governor-General (1843–1844) |
| 1844 | July 16 | Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa appointed Governor-General (1844–1849) |
| 1849 | December 26 | Antonio María Blanco appointed Governor-General (1849–1850) |
| 1850 | July 29 | Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía appointed Governor-General (1850–1853) |
| 1852 | December 4 | Glowing avalanche from Mt Hibok-Hibok. |
| 1853 | December 20 | Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1853–1854) |
| 1854 | February 2 | Manuel Pavía y Lacy appointed Governor-General (1854) |
| October 28 | Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1854) | |
| November 20 | Manuel Crespo y Cebrían appointed Governor-General (1854) | |
| 1856 | December 5 | Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1856–1857) |
| 1857 | January 12 | Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero appointed Governor-General (1857–1860) |
| 1859 | Jesuits return to the Philippines | |
| Jesuits takes over the Escuela Municipal and establishes the Ateneo Municipal | ||
| 1860 | January 12 | Ramón María Solano y Llanderal appointed Governor-General (1860) |
| August 29 | Juan Herrera Dávila appointed Governor-General (1860–1861) | |
| 1861 | February 2 | José Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González appointed Governor-General (1861–1862) |
| June 19 | Jose Rizal, Philippines' National Hero is born. | |
| Escuela de Artes Y Oficios de Bacolor established as Asia's oldest vocational school. | ||
| 1862 | July 7 | Salvador Valdés appointed Governor-General (1862) |
| July 9 | Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham appointed Governor-General (1862–1865) | |
| 1863 | June 3 | An earthquake leaves Manila in ruins |
| 1865 | University of Santo Tomas made the center for public instruction throughout the Philippines by royal decree of Queen Isabella II of Spain.[16][17] | |
| Observatorio Meteorológico del Ateneo Municipal de Manila (Manila Observatory) established by the Jesuits | ||
| March 24 | Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1862–1865) | |
| April 25 | Juan de Lara e Irigoyen appointed Governor-General (1862–1865) | |
| 1866 | July 13 | José Laureano de Sanz y Posse appointed Governor-General (1866) |
| September 21 | Juan Antonio Osorio appointed Governor-General (1866) | |
| September 27 | Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866) | |
| October 26 | José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1866–1869) | |
| 1867 | Colegio de Santa Isabel established in Naga by Bishop Francisco Gainza, OP of Nueva Caceres, through the royal decree of Queen Isabella II of Spain. | |
| 1869 | November 17 | Suez Canal opened |
| Colegio de Santa Isabel inaugurated as the first Normal School in Southeast Asia | ||
| June 7 | Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866) | |
| June 23 | José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1869–1871) | |
| 1871 | The Gabinete de Fisica of the University of Santo Tomas established as the first Museum in the Philippines.[16][17] | |
| The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Santo Tomas is established as the first schools of Medicine and Pharmacy in the Philippines.[16][17] | ||
| April 4 | Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez appointed Governor-General (1871–1873) | |
| 1872 | 200 Filipino soldiers stage a mutiny in Cavite. | |
| February 17 | Priests Mariano Gomez, José Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (together known as Gomburza) are implicated in the Cavite Mutiny and executed. | |
| 1873 | January 8 | Manuel MacCrohon appointed Governor-General (1873) |
| January 24 | Juan Alaminos y Vivar appointed Governor-General (1873–1874) | |
| 1874 | March 17 | Manuel Blanco Valderrama acting appointed Governor-General (1874) |
| June 18 | José Malcampo y Monje appointed Governor-General (1874–1877) | |
| 1875 | The Colegio de San Jose incorporated into the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Santo Tomas.[16][17][24][25] | |
| 1877 | February 28 | Domingo Moriones y Murillo appointed Governor-General (1877–1880) |
| 1880 | March 20 | Rafael Rodríguez Arias appointed Governor-General (1880) |
| April 15 | Fernando Primo de Riverae appointed Governor-General (1880–1883)(1st Term) | |
| Manila is connected through telegraphic cable Europe by Eastern Telecom. | ||
| July 18 | Two shocks of an earthquake create destruction from Manila to Santa Cruz, Luguna. Tremors continue until Aug 6 | |
| 1882 | March 3 | Jose Rizal leaves for Spain to continue his medical studies |
| June 2 | Jose Rizal begins writing the Noli Me Tangere(novel) | |
| 1883 | March 10 | Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1883). (First Term) |
| April 7 | Joaquín Jovellar appointed Governor-General (1883–1885) | |
| 1884 | Required forced labor of 40 days a year is reduced to 15 days by the Spanish Colonial Government. | |
| June 21 | Rizal finishes his medical studies in Spain | |
| 1885 | April 1 | Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1885). (First Term) |
| April 4 | Emilio Terrero y Perinat appointed Governor-General (1885–1888) | |
| 1887 | 29 May | Noli Me Tangere published. |
| October | Rizal starts writing the El Filibusterismo | |
| The Manila School of Agriculture is established. | ||
| 1888 | March 10 | Antonio Molto becomes acting Governor-General (1888) |
| Federico Lobaton became acting Governor-General (1888) | ||
| Valeriano Wéyler appointed Governor-General (1888–1891) | ||
| December 10 | La Solidaridad established | |
| 1891 | March 28 | Rizal finishes writing El Filibusterismo in Biarritz, France |
| El Filibusterismo published in Ghent, Belgium | ||
| Eulogio Despujol appointed Governor-General (1891–1893) | ||
| 1892 | June 26 | Rizal arrives in the Philippines from Europe via Hong Kong |
| July 3 | Rizal forms the La Liga Filipina | |
| July 7 | Rizal is arrested for establishing the La Liga Filipina | |
| July 17 | Rizal is exiled to Dapitan | |
| 1893 | March 10 | Federico Ochando becomes acting Governor-General (1893) |
| Ramón Blanco appointed Governor-General (1893–1896) | ||
| 1894 | July 8 | Bonifacio forms the Katipunan |
| 1896 | July 1 | Rizal is recruited as a physician for the Spanish Army in Cuba by Governor Ramon Blanco |
| August 6 | Rizal returns to Manila from Cuba | |
| August 19 | The Katipunan discovered by the Spanish Colonial Government. Katipuneros flee to Balintawak | |
| August 23 | Revolution is proclaimed by Bonifacio at the Cry of Balintawak. Katipuneros tear up their cedulas | |
| August 26 | Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other Katipuneros board Rizal's ship to Barcelona. They offer his rescue but Rizal refused | |
| August 30 | Revolutionary Battle at San Juan del Monte. Governor Ramon Blanco proclaims a state of war in Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija. | |
| September 2 | Rizal Boards the ship Isla de Panay for Barcelona | |
| October 3 | Rizal arrives at Barcelona | |
| October 4 | Rizal is imprisoned in Montjuich by order of Capt. Gen. Despujo | |
| October 6 | Rizal returns to Manila as a prisoner | |
| October 31 | A new group of the Katipunan is formed in Cavite headed by Emilio Aguinaldo | |
| November 13 | Rizal arrives in Manila and incarcerated in Fort Santiago | |
| November 20 | Rizal is interrogated for charges against the Spanish Colonial Government | |
| December 13 | Camilo Polavieja becomes acting Governor-General (1896–1897) | |
| December 30 | Rizal is executed at Bagumbayan | |
| 1897 | March 22 | The Katipunan holds its election. Emilio Aguinaldo is elected as president |
| April 15 | José de Lachambre becomes acting Governor-General (1897) | |
| April 23 | Fernando Primo de Rivera appointed Governor-General (1897–1898) | |
| April 29 | Katipuneros arrest Andres Bonifacio and his brothers Procopio and Ciriaco on orders of Aguinaldo with sedition and treason before a military court of the Katipunan. | |
| 8 May | The Katipunan convicts and sentences Bonifacio brothers to death | |
| 10 May | Andres Bonifacio and his brothers are executed at Mt. Buntis, Maragondon, Cavite. | |
| 31 May | Aguinaldo establishes a Philippine republican government in Biak-na-Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan. | |
| August 10 | Aguinaldo begins negotiating with the Spaniards colonial government in Manila with Pedro Paterno as representative. | |
| August 15 | A 7.9 intensity estimated earthquake hits Luzon's northwest coast | |
| November 1 | Constitution of Biak-na-Bato ratified | |
| December 14 | Pact of Biak-na-Bato between Aguinaldo and Governor Primo de Rivera signed | |
| December 27 | Aguinaldo is self-exiled to Hong Kong following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato | |
| 1898 | February 8 | The Katipunan is revived by Emilio Jacinto and Feliciano Jocson |
| April 11 | Basilio Augustín appointed Governor-General (1898) | |
| April 24 | The US government promises support in exchange for his cooperation. Aguinaldo agrees | |
| April 26 | The US declares war on Spain. | |
| 1 May | Commodore George Dewey attacks Manila | |
| 19 May | Aguinaldo and his companions return to the Philippines from exile | |
| 24 May | Aguinaldo proclaims a dictatorial government and issues two decrees which show his trust and reliance in US protection | |
| June 12 | Aguinaldo proclaims Philippine Independence | |
| June 23 | Aguinaldo changes the dictatorial government to revolutionary government. | |
| July 15 | Aguinaldo creates a cabinet | |
| July 15 | The Malolos Congress in established | |
| July 17 | US reinforcements and troops arrive in the Philippines. | |
| July 24 | Fermín Jáudenes becomes acting Governor-General (1898) | |
| August 13 | Francisco Rizzo becomes acting Governor-General (1898) | |
| August 13 | Wesley Merritt appointed Military Governor (1898) | |
| August 14 | The Spanish surrenders to the US after at mock battle of Manila | |
| August 29 | Elwell S. Otis appointed Military Governor (1898–1900) | |
| September | Diego de los Ríos becomes acting Governor-General (1898) | |
| September 15 | The Malolos Congress meets and elects its officers. | |
| December 10 | Spain and the US sign the Treaty of Paris. Article III provides for the cession of the Philippines to the US by Spain and the payment of 20 million dollars to Spain by the US. | |
| December 21 | US President McKinley issues the Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation | |
| 1899 | January 20 | US President McKinley appoints the First Philippine Commission, known as the Schurrman Commission |
| January 21 | The Malolos Constitution is promulgated by Aguinaldo. | |
| January 23 | The Malolos Republic government is inaugurated. Aguinaldo takes his oath of office as President. | |
| February 4 | Hostilities break out between the Filipino and US forces. | |
| February 6 | The US Senate ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Spain | |
| March 4 | The Schurrman Commission arrives in Manila | |
| 6 May | Aguinaldo creates a new cabinet | |
| 20 May | Aguinaldo's moves face opposition from Apolinario Mabini and Antonio Luna | |
| June 5 | Antonio Luna assassinated | |
| 1900 | January 21 | The Schurrman Commission returns to the US. |
| March 16 | US President McKinley appoints the second Philippine Commission, known as the Taft Commission | |
| 5 May | Arthur MacArthur, Jr appointed Military Governor (1900–1901) | |
| June 3 | The Taft Commission arrives in Manila | |
| December 23 | Partido Liberal established |
20th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | March 2 | The Army Appropriation Act, also known as the Spooner Amendment, is passed by the US Senate. |
| March 23 | Aguinaldo is captured by US authorities. | |
| April 1 | Aguinaldo takes an oath of allegiance to the US. | |
| June 17 | El Colegio de San Beda established | |
| July 4 | Adna Chaffee appointed as the last US Military Governor (1901–1902) | |
| July 4 | A civil government is established in the Philippines with William Howard Taft as the first Civil Governor (1901–1904) | |
| July 18 | The US organizes the Philippine Constabulary | |
| August 28 | Silliman Institute, later known as Silliman University, is established as the first American university in the Philippines | |
| September | The first Filipino members of the second Philippine Commission are appointed | |
| September 27 | Guerillas, headed by the Filipino Captain Daza, attack the US military barracks in Balangiga, Samar | |
| September 28 | Balangiga massacre occurs | |
| October 20 | A U.S. Marine battalion arrives on Samar to conduct the March across Samar operation | |
| November 4 | The Philippine Commission enacts the Sedition Law | |
| December 14 | An earthquake estimated of magnitude 7.8 shakes Lucena City. | |
| 1902 | January | The first labor union of The Country, Union de Litografose Impresores de Filipinas, is organized. |
| January 21 | The Philippine Commission calls for the organization of Public Schools in the Philippines. | |
| March 30 | The US Marines leave Balangiga | |
| April 16 | General Miguel Malvar surrenders to the US forces | |
| May | Governor Taft negotiates with Pope Leo XIII the sale of the friar lands in the Philippines | |
| July | Philippine Commission passes the Philippine Organic Act | |
| July 1 | Cooper Act is passed by the US Senate. Philippine Assembly is established | |
| July 4 | Americans proclaim the end of the Philippine-American War, however fighting continues | |
| August 3 | The Foundation of Iglesia Filipina Independiente separated from Roman Catholic Church was proclaimed by The Union Obrera Democratica with Gregorio Aglipay as The 1st Obispo Maximo | |
| September 17 | Pope Leo XIII formally bestows a Pontifical title on the University of Santo Tomas[16][17] | |
| November 12 | Bandolerism Act passed by the Philippine Commission. All armed resistance against US rule are considered banditry | |
| 1903 | Governor Taft enunciates the policy of The Philippines for the Filipinos | |
| 1904 | February 1 | Luke Edward Wright appointed as Civil Governor (1904–1905) |
| October 19 | The Manila Business School was founded and started its operation (later as the Philippine School of Commerce, 1908, then as the Philippine College of Commerce, 1952, and now the Polytechnic University of the Philippines). | |
| 1905 | November 3 | Henry Clay Ide appointed as Civil Governor (1905–1906) |
| 1906 | September 20 | James Francis Smith appointed as Civil Governor (1906–1909) |
| December 3 | St. Scholastica's College established by the Benedictine Missionary Sisters of Tutzing | |
| 1907 | June 3 | Centro Escolar University established as Centro Escolar de Señoritas. |
| June 30 | First Congressional Elections held | |
| 1908 | June 18 | The University of the Philippines is established in Manila. |
| 1911 | January 27 | Mt Taal erupts, and kills 1,334 people |
| June 16 | De La Salle University-Manila is founded as De La Salle College by the Brothers of Christian Schools. | |
| December 28 | Tricentennial of the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas[16][17] | |
| 1913 | September 1 | Newton W. Gilbert appointed as acting Civil Governor (1913) |
| October 6 | Francis Burton Harrison appointed as Civil Governor (1913–1921) | |
| 1914 | July 27 | Iglesia ni Cristo (largest independent church in Asia) is registered to the government. |
| 1916 | October 16 | The Jones Law is passed establishing an all-Filipino legislature |
| October 16 | Manuel Quezon elected Senate President while Sergio Osmenna is elected as House Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of the Philippines | |
| 1917 | January 11 | The first cabinet of Filipinos under the US regime is organized. |
| March 10 | Ambos Camarines Dissolved; Split into Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur. | |
| 1921 | March 5 | Charles Yeater appointed as acting Civil Governor (1921) |
| October 14 | Leonard Wood appointed as Civil Governor (1921–1927) | |
| 1927 | August 7 | Eugene Allen Gilmore appointed as acting Civil Governor (1927) |
| December 27 | Henry L. Stimson appointed as Civil Governor (1927–1929) | |
| 1929 | February 23 | Eugene Allen Gilmore appointed as acting Civil Governor (1929) |
| July 8 | Dwight F. Davis appointed as Civil Governor (1929–1932) | |
| 1930 | November 30 | The Communist Party of the Philippines is formally established |
| 1932 | January 9 | George C. Butte appointed as acting Civil Governor (1932) |
| February 29 | Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. appointed as Civil Governor (1932–1933) | |
| June 20 | Adamson School of Industrial Chemistry (ASIC) later known as Adamson University was founded by George Lucas Adamson | |
| October 26 | The Communist Party of the Philippines is declared illegal by the Supreme Court | |
| 1933 | July 15 | Frank Murphy appointed as the last Civil Governor of the Philippines (1933–1935) |
| 1934 | March 24 | The Tydings-McDuffie Law, known as the Philippine Independence Law, is approved by US President Roosevelt. |
| July 10 | 202 delegates are elected to the Constitutional Convention in accordance with the Tydings-McDuffie Law | |
| July 30 | The Philippine Constitutional Convention is inaugurated | |
| 1935 | February 8 | The Constitutional Convention creates a new constitution |
| February 15 | The Philippine Constitution is signed | |
| 14 May | The Philippine electorate ratifies the Constitution in a referendum | |
| September 17 | Manuel Quezon elected President in the first Philippine Presidential elections | |
| November 15 | The Philippine Commonwealth is inaugurated | |
| November 15 | The Office of Civil Governor is abolished | |
| 1941 | November 11 | Manuel Quezon re-elected as President |
| December 8 | Start of the Japanese Invasion of the Philippines | |
| December 20 | President Quezon, his family and the war cabinet move to Corregidor Island | |
| December 26 | General MacArthur declares Manila an open city | |
| December 28 | Filipino and US armies retreat to Bataan | |
| December 30 | Manuel Quezon takes his oath of Office at the Corregidor Island | |
| 1942 | January 2 | Japanese troops enters Manila |
| January 3 | Masaharu Homma appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1942) | |
| January 3 | General Masaharu Homma declares the end of American Rule in the Philippines | |
| January 3 | Martial Law declared | |
| January 13 | All forms of opposition against the Japanese forces declared subject to death penalty | |
| January 23 | An executive committee, composed of Filipinos, is formed by General Homma as a conduit of the military administration's policies and requirements. | |
| February 17 | The Japanese Military Government issues an order adopting the Japanese educational system in The Country | |
| February 20 | President Quezon and the war cabinet leave for the US | |
| March 11 | General MacArthur leaves for Australia to take command of the South Western Pacific Area | |
| March 13 | The Commonwealth government is moved to the US | |
| March 29 | The People's Anti-Japanese Army or Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (Hukbalahap) is organized. | |
| April | A pro-US resistance movement is organized, mainly to provide data to the US on enemy positions | |
| April 9 | Bataan, under US commander General Edward King, is the last province that surrenders to the Japanese armies. | |
| 26 May | Corregidor Island falls to Japanese forces | |
| June 8 | Shizuichi Tanaka appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1942–1943) | |
| June 14 | The Commonwealth of the Philippines becomes a member of the United Nations | |
| December 30 | The Kalibapi is organized by the Japanese | |
| 1943 | 28 May | Shigenori Kuroda appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1943–1942) |
| June 20 | Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo nominates an all Filipino 20 member Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence | |
| September 4 | The Philippine Preparatory Commission for Independence drafts a new Constitution which provides for a unicameral national assembly | |
| September 20 | The 108 delegates to the National Assembly are chosen by the members of the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence. | |
| September | Jose P. Laurel elected President of the Philippines by the National Assembly | |
| October 14 | The puppet government is inaugurated. Laurel takes his oath of office | |
| November | The Philippine economy collapses, the shortage of rice becomes serious. | |
| 1944 | May | The puppet government inaugurates the Green Revolution Movement. |
| August 1 | Sergio Osmena assumes the Office of the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines after the death of Manuel Quezon | |
| September 21 | US forces raids Manila | |
| September 26 | Tomoyuki Yamashita appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1944–1945) | |
| October 20 | General MacArthur lands in Palo, Leyte, accompanied by President Sergio Osmena and US troops | |
| October 23 | The Commonwealth government of the Philippines is re-established in Tacloban, Leyte | |
| December 8 | Pro-Japanese Philippine generals Pio Duran and Benigno Ramos organize the Makapilis | |
| 1945 | February 4 | US troops enter Manila |
| February 22 | Hukbalahap troop leaders arrested by the US forces | |
| February 24 | The Battle of Manila ends. The Japanese surrender to the combined US and Filipino troops | |
| February 27 | MacArthur hands over Malacanang Palace to Osmena. | |
| March 3 | The US and Filipino troops recaptured Manila. | |
| March 22 | The families of pro-Japanese President Laurel and Speaker Aquino leave The Country for Japan to seek refuge | |
| June 5 | The Congress elected in 1941 convenes for the first time | |
| July 5 | General MacArthur announces the liberation of the Philippines | |
| August 6 | The American forces drop an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan. | |
| August 9 | The American forces an atomic bomb over Nagasaki, Japan. | |
| August 15 | The Empire of Japan accepts defeat | |
| September 12 | Jose P. Laurel is arrested by the US army | |
| December | Manuel Roxas separates from the Nacionalista Party of Sergio Osmena Sr and joins the Liberal Party | |
| 1946 | April 23 | Manuel Roxas wins in the last Presidential Election under the Commonwealth |
| July 4 | The United States recognizes the Independence of the Republic of the Philippines | |
| September 30 | The Amended Tenancy Act is promulgated. | |
| 1947 | January 28 | President Roxas issues an amnesty proclamation to collaborators |
| March 6 | HUKBALAHAP declared illegal | |
| April 15 | President Roxas dies from a heart attack at Clark Air Field; Vice President Quirino Assumes the Office of President | |
| April 17 | Elpidio Quirino takes his oath of office as President of the Philippines | |
| September 8 | The Philippine representative to the Far Eastern Commission, Carlos P. Romulo, signs the Japanese Peace Treaty | |
| 1950 | August 31 | President Quirino appoints Ramon Magsaysay as Secretary of the Department of National Defense |
| 1951 | August | The National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) is established |
| 1953 | November 10 | Ramon Magsaysay is elected President of the Republic of the Philippines |
| December 30 | Magsaysay takes his oath of office | |
| 1954 | July 21 | The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty is signed in Manila, creating the South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) |
| December 15 | The Laurel-Langley Agreement is signed | |
| 1957 | March 17 | President Magsaysay dies in a plane crash; Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia assumes the presidency |
| November 14 | Carlos P. Garcia elected President of the Republic of the Philippines | |
| 1958 | August 28 | The Filipino first policy is promulgated |
| 1961 | December 7 | Diosdado Macapagal elected President of the Republic of the Philippines |
| December 30 | Macapagal takes his oath of office | |
| 1965 | November 9 | Ferdinand Marcos elected President of the Republic of the Philippines |
| December 30 | Ferdinand Marcos takes his oath of office | |
| 1968 | December 26 | A new Communist Party of the Philippines established by Jose Sison |
| 1969 | March 29 | Jos Sison formally organizes the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines, The New People's Army |
| November 11 | Ferdinand Marcos re-elected President of the Republic of the Philippines | |
| 1970 | November 17 | Elections for 315 members of a Constitutional Convention held. |
| 1971 | June 1 | The Constitutional Convention assembles to rewrite the 1935 Constitution. The Convention elects former President Carlos Garcia as its head. |
| June 14 | Garcia dies and former President Diosdado Macapagal takes over the top position at the Convention. | |
| August 21 | Plaza Miranda bombed during the election campaign of the Liberal Party | |
| August 22 | President Marcos suspends the Writ of Habeas Corpus | |
| 1972 | Suspicious bombing incidents increase all over The Country . The MNLF launches its campaign for the independence of the Muslim provinces. | |
| September 21 | President Marcos signs the Martial Law Edict (at that time not publicly announced). | |
| September 22 | Marcos places the entire country under martial law | |
| September 23 | Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. is arrested | |
| September 23 | The implementation of martial law is officially announced | |
| September 26 | The whole country is proclaimed a land reform area and an Agrarian Reform Program is decreed. | |
| October 21 | Marcos passes the Tenant's Emancipation Patent | |
| October 21 | The first major armed defiance of martial law takes place in Lanao del Sur | |
| October 22 | The battle between the MNLF and the government troops ends with the latter regaining control of the city. | |
| November 29 | The Constitutional Convention passes the new Constitution of the Philippines. | |
| 1973 | Misuari leaves The Country for Libya to solicit armed support from Muslim countries for the war in Mindanao. | |
| January 10 | A plebiscite referendum is held among the citizens' assemblies to ratify the new Constitution | |
| April | The National Democratic Front (NDF), the united front organization of the Communist Party of the Philippines, is formally organized. | |
| July 27 | Marcos' term as President extended by virtue of a referendum | |
| 1974 | February 27 | Presidential appointments to local elective positions declared legal by virtue of another referendum |
| December 1 | Jose Sison's essay entitled Specific Characteristics of Our People's War published | |
| 1976 | January 4 | New people's Army Spokesman Satur Ocampo arrested |
| August 26 | Kumander Dante of the New People's Army arrested | |
| October 16 | Martial Law allowed to exted by virtue of a Plebicte | |
| December 23 | Tripoli Agreement signed | |
| August 17 | An earthquake of 7.8 magnitude and a following tsunami (flood wave) kills 8,000 people on and off the coast of Mindanao. | |
| 1977 | January 20 | The Armed Forces of the Philippines enters into a ceasefire agreement with the MNLF. |
| March 4 | President Marcos issues a decree creating the autonomous Bangsa Moro Islamic Government | |
| November 10 | The CPP head Jose Maria Sison arrested | |
| December 16 | A referendum is held, the result of which again empowers the President to continue in office, and to become Prime Minister as well. | |
| 1978 | Rodolfo Salas takes over the leadership of the Communist Party of the Philippines. | |
| April 8 | Members of the Interim Batasang Pambansa are elected. | |
| 1983 | August 21 | Benigno Aquino, Jr. assassinated |
| 1984 | Philippine parliamentary election, 1984 | |
| 1986 | February 6 | Philippine presidential election, 1986 |
| EDSA Revolution ousts President Marcos; Corazon Aquino becomes president | ||
| 1987 | Philippine legislative election, 1987 | |
| 1989 | September 28 | Death of Ferdinand Marcos |
| 1991 | Senate of the Philippines rejects renewal of U.S military bases in the Philippines | |
| 1992 | Philippine general election, 1992 (Fidel V. Ramos is elected) | |
| 1995 | Philippine general election, 1995 | |
| 1997 | Asian financial crisis | |
| 1998 | Philippine general election, 1998 (Joseph Estrada is elected) | |
| Centennial of Philippines Independence | ||
| 2000 | President Estrada declares an "all-out-war" against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). | |
| President Estrada impeached by House of Representatives |
21st century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | EDSA II Revolution ousts Joseph Estrada; vice-president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo becomes president | |
| EDSA III | ||
| Philippine general election, 2001 | ||
| 2003 | Oakwood mutiny | |
| 2004 | Philippine general election, 2004 (Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo elected to a six-year term) | |
| 2005 | Hello Garci scandal (Legitimacy of declared election winners questioned) | |
| 2006 | A state of emergency was declared in February in response to coup rumours. | |
| 2007 | Philippine general election, 2007 | |
| Manila Peninsula mutiny | ||
| 2009 | Three International Committee of the Red Cross volunteers were kidnapped by the rebel group Abu Sayyaf | |
| Death of former president Corazon Aquino. | ||
| Great Flood because of Typhoon Ondoy | ||
| November 23 | Maguindanao massacre | |
| 2010 | 10 May | The 2010 Philippine general elections took place. |
| June 9 | President-elect Benigno Aquino III won the Presidential election, being the 15th President of the Philippines. | |
| June 30 | Inauguration of the President-elect Benigno Aquino III took place, officially declaring him as the 15th President of the Philippines. | |
| August 23 | The hostage crisis in Manila took place, killing eight Hong Kong holidaymakers. | |
| October 16 | Typhoon Juan, officially as Typhoon Megi, hits northeastern Luzon at Sierra Madre, creating widespread damage over Luzon. (to October 18) | |
| December | Vizconde Massacre Case Finished. Result Webb's Freedom | |
| December | Philippine New Banknotes Released | |
| 2012 | October 15 | The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro is signed which seeks for the creation of a new autonomous political entity, Bangsamoro replacing the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. |
| 2013 | July 27 | The United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik (UFSBR) declares it independence from the Philippines |
| September 28 | The UFSBR ceases to exists as it is defeated in the Zamboanga City crisis. | |
| October 15 | In the morning, at 8:12 a.m. (PST), the Bohol province suffered a severe earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 Ms. Its epicenter was located at a depth of 33 kilometres (21 mi), 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of Carmen, Bohol, and 629 kilometres (391 mi) from the Philippines' capital, Manila. The quake was felt as far as Davao City, a city located in the island of Mindanao. 99 were reported dead while 276 people were injured. It was the deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years. The energy of the quake released was equivalent to 32 Hiroshima bombs dropped in Hiroshima, Japan during the World War II. | |
| November 8 | Typhoon Haiyan known in the Philippines as "Yolanda" hits Regions MIMAROPA, Western Visayas, Central Visayas, and Eastern Visayas resulting of 6201 deaths, 27665 injured, 1785 missing and ₱138,552,546.55 (US$3,208,322.78) total damages |
References
[edit]- ^ Adib Majul, Cesar (1999). Muslims in the Philippines. University of the Philippines Press. ISBN 971-542-188-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Central and Eastern Visayas Dagahi and Eugenio S. Daza, msc.edu.ph, retrieved July 4, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Señor Enrique, Wish You Were Here, retrieved July 14, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Philippine History Group of Los Angeles, Alfonso S. Quilala Jr., retrieved July 17, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Electronic Kabalen, J. Reylan Bustos Viray – JOE MARK, retrieved July 17, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Bartleby, The Philippines 1500–1800, retrieved July 4, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ang edukasyon sa panahon ng mga Kastila "The Filipino Corner" Retrieved October 27, 2012
- ^ The First Hundred Years of the Ateneo de Manila Ateneo de Manila University website May 1, 2012
- ^ a b Geographical History Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila website May 1, 2012
- ^ Grant to the seminary of Santa Potenciana, 1617. Retrieved May 30, 2012
- ^ Real Colegio de Santa Potenciana. Retrieved May 30, 2012
- ^ Perez Dasmarinas, Luis. Letters from Luis Perez Dasmarinas to Filipe II. In The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898. Ohio: A.H. Clark Company, 1903-9. Vol. 9
- ^ About USC: University of San Carlos University of San Carlos website Retrieved 2012-04-24
- ^ No contest: UST is oldest university Inquirer.net Retrieved May 30, 2012
- ^ UST is oldest, period Varsitarian website Retrieved May 30, 2012
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Lim-Pe, Josefina (1973). The University of Santo Tomas in the Twentieth Century. University of Santo Tomas Press, Manila. pp. 1–19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l History of the University of Santo Tomas University of Santo Tomas website Retrieved May 30, 2012
- ^ History of Colegio de San Juan de Letran Colegio de San Juan de Letran website Retrieved May 30, 2012
- ^ Colegio de San Juan de Letran jobstreet.com Retrieved May 30, 2012
- ^ A Knight's Tale – The Lance, June 2005
- ^ Santa Isabel College Santa Isabel College website Retrieved May 28, 2012
- ^ Colegio de Santa Isabel Intramuros Wordpress.com Retrieved October 27, 2012
- ^ a b The first university The Philippine Star Retrieved May 28, 2012
- ^ History of Colegio de San Jose / San Jose Seminary San Jose Seminary website Retrieved May 12, 2012
- ^ Fr. Miguel A. Bernad, S.J.: "Colegio de San José (1601–2001): A Quick Survey of the Turbulent 400-year History of an Educational Institution" Monk's Hobbit May 1, 2012
Noel Rosal
Maces of the Rector Magnificus of the University of Santo Tomas
Consciousness Awareness of external and internal stimuli
Levels Awake Drowsy Asleep
Quantitative Measure of Consciousness: Electroencephalogram Waves Beta Alpha Delta
Beta waves Indication of high brain activity 13-25 cycles per second Alpha wave Brain is in a relaxed state 8-12 cycles per second Delta wave 0-3 cycles per second
Why do we sleep? Restorative Theory Circadian Rhythm For survival
Sleep Stages Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 REM Stage
Stage 1 Drifting from the edge of consciousness Easily arousable – minor noise can easily distract you Smaller irregular waves with varying frequencies Stage 2 Sleep spindles No longer easily arousable Stage 3 Large slow delta wave Vital signs starts to slow down Stage 4 Dominance of delta waves Hardest to be awaken REM stage Low Beta waves Rapid active pattern Paradoxical sleep Vital signs increases
Dreams Daily residues Activation synthesis model ESP Problem solving
REM dreams More vivid Less disorganized Non-rem dreams Less vivid More disorganized
Drowsy Slower rhythmic alpha waves
Forms Hypnosis ESP Hypnagogic Meditation
Hypnosis Systematic procedure designed to produce a heightened state of suggestibility
Theories on Hypnosis Role playing Neodissociation
Meditation Process of focused attention that aims to provide a desirable physiological state Relaxes the mind, helps combat stress Can help people cope with pain Some believe that it can lead to a state of inner peace or spiritual enlightenment
Hypnagogic Semi-awake semi-asleep
Extra sensory perception Analysis or interpretation without passing the five senses -Psi phenomena -Sixth sense
Forms: Telepathy Clairvoyance Precognition Psychokinesis
Telepathy Ability to project one’s thoughts into other people’s minds or to read what is in their minds
Clairvoyance Perception of events that are not available to the senses
Precognition Ability to foretell the future
Psychokinesis Ability to move objects without touching them
Drug intoxication Any drug intake resulting to alteration of consciousness
Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens Opiates
Stimulants Increases the activity of the central nervous system Hallucinogens Substances that have no medical use but is abused due to its ability to induce hallucinations Depressants Decrease the activity of the central nervous system Opiates Drugs derived from opium for its potent anti-pain activity but causes addiction for its euphoric side effects
Emotion:
Internal and/or external reaction to person, place or event
Six components of the Emotion Process* Cognitive appraisal Subjective experience Thought and action tendencies Internal bodily changes Facial expression Responses to emotions
Cognitive appraisal -Person’s assessment of the personal meaning of his or her current circumstances -It occurs both consciously and unconsciously -The brain structure that plays a key role within emotion circuits is the amygdala(a small almond-shaped mass located in the lower brain
Classic theories of emotion 1. Two-factor theory Stimulus General physiological arousal Subjective experience of the emotion 2. James-Lange Theory Stimulus Physiological arousal specific to an emotion Subjective experience of the emotion 3. Facial feedback hypothesis Facial expression Subjective experience of the emotion
Subjective experience 1. The affective state or feeling tone that colors private experience 2. Different emotions carry urges to think and act in certain ways, called thought-action tendencies 3. According to broaden-build theory, positive emotions broaden people’s momentary thought-action repertoires, which, in turn, can build lasting resources for survival 4. Subjective experiences also steer memory, learning, and risk assessment
Thought and action tendencies Urges to think and act in particular ways
Emotion and their associated thought action tendencies
Anger-----------attack Fear-------------escape Disgust---------expel Guilt-------------make ammends Shame----------disappear Sadness--------withdraw Joy---------------play Interest--------explore Contentment-savor and integrate Pride-------------dream big Gratitude------be pro-social Elevation-------become a better person
Internal bodily changes Physiological responses, particularly those involving the autonomic nervous system such as changes in the heart rate and sweat gland activity
Facial Expression 1. Muscle contractions that move facial landmarks 2. Facial expressions that accompany a subset of of emotions have a universal meaning 3. The communicative power of facial expressions is evident(mother-infant interactions) 4. Cultures may differ in the factors that elicit certain emotions and in display rules that specify how emotions should be experienced and expressed 5. Emotional expressions may contribute to the subjective experience of an emotion(facial feedback hypothesis) Responses to emotion 1. How people regulate, react to, or cope with their own emotion or the situation that triggered it 2. Gender differences 3. Cultural differences
Gender differences Stereotypes
powerful emotions associated with men: anger and pride
powerless emotions associated with women: sadness and fear
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualism:
- values individuality and personal goals
- views themselves more autonomously
- experiences more socially disengaged emotions(pride,anger)
- driven by their own beliefs and personal values
- emphasizes task achievement
Collectivism:
- values group goals
- define themselves by their group memberships
- experiences more socially based emotions (indebtedness, friendliness)
- guided by social norms
- emphasis on harmonious
relationships
Emotional Intelligence* Ability to monitor your own and others’ emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide your thinking and actions. 1. Self –awareness 2. Self-regulation 3. Self-motivation 4. Empathy 5. Social skill
Self-awareness Recognize and understand their moods, emotions and needs Perceive and anticipate how their actions affect others Comfortable talking about and admitting their limitations, so they know when to ask for help
Self-regulation Ability to control or redirect emotional outburst and other impulse behaviors Ability to suspend judgment-to think through the consequences of their behavior rather than acting on impulse
Self-motivation Stifling impulses Directing emotions toward personal goals Delaying gratification Remain optimistic even when the goals are not achieve Empathy Ability to understand and be sensitive to the feelings, thoughts, and situation of others This does not mean adopting other people’s emotions, just being sensitized to them! Social skill Ability to manage the emotions of other people It requires social competence and skills to guide the way other people act Ability to form networks of relationships To build rapport-finding common interests and understanding with others