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Germany national rugby union team

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This article is about the men's team. For the women's team, see Germany women's national rugby union team.

Germany
Shirt badge/Association crest
NicknameSchwarze Adler (Black Eagles)
EmblemBundesadler (Federal Eagle)
UnionDeutscher Rugby-Verband
Head coachMark Kuhlmann
CaptainJörn Schröder
Most capsAlexander Widiker (59)
Top scorerRaynor Parkinson (323)
Top try scorerJaco Otto (23)
First colours
Second colours
World Rugby ranking
Current32 (as of 20 March 2023)
Highest22 (2017)
Lowest37 (2011)
First international
 France 30−5 Germany
(17 April 1927)
Biggest win
Germany 108−0 Serbia and Montenegro
(12 November 2005)
Biggest defeat
 Russia 89−6 Germany
(16 April 2000)
World Cup
Appearances0
Websitewww.rugby-verband.de
Germany playing Belgium in qualifiers for the 2007 Rugby World Cup

The Germany national rugby union team (German: Deutsche Rugby-Union-Nationalmannschaft) represents Germany in men's international competitions. It currently plays at the second level of European rugby but is yet to qualify for the Rugby World Cup. The national team first played in 1927, with rugby union in Germany being administered by the German Rugby Federation (Deutscher Rugby-Verband).

Germany competes in the Trophy Division, the second tier of the Rugby Europe International Championships, the senior men's rugby tournament for European nations below the Six Nations.[1]

Germany's greatest achievement in men's rugby is arguably the silver medal won at the 1900 Olympic Games.

Germany's declared aim was originally to qualify for the 2015 Rugby World Cup in England,[2] but then lowered this ambition to the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan,[3] for which it also failed to qualify. The national side is ranked 30th in the world (as of 26 April 2021).

History

[edit]

Beginnings

[edit]
German rugby crest

The German rugby union team's history began on 17 April 1927, when they played France in Paris, losing 5–30. The team established itself in their early years as number two in continental Europe, behind the French. They played 14 tests against their neighbour before the Second World War, winning two of them. As an indication of the team's strength, they did not lose to any team but France until 1937, when Italy beat them 9–7. Because Germany never played any of the Home nations, it is difficult to judge the true strength of the team from that era.

With the outbreak of the war in 1939, rugby came to a halt and Germany only played one more game, against Italy, in 1940. Germany lost almost a complete first XV in the war, and thus came out of it as a much weaker side, never able to repeat its pre-war successes.[4]

Post-Second World War

[edit]

After an absence of 12 years, Germany, now considerably reduced in size and under the name of Federal Republic of Germany, played its first post-war international in 1952, beating Belgium 16–9. At the same time, in the Eastern part of the country, the German Democratic Republic, the German Democratic Republic national rugby union team was formed. The DRV continued to offer the East German DTSB to play a rugby friendly, but this was always declined by the East.[5]

Until 1965, Germany played friendlies only as there was no European rugby competition it could take part in.

The team also made an appearance at England's home ground, Twickenham Stadium, in 1956, losing 8–26 to Harlequin F.C. on 8 September of that year.[6]

From 1965, it became part of the second tier of FIRA rugby, effectively the third tier of European rugby, the Five nations tournament being outside the FIRA structure. In 1975, it played its first international against a non-European nation, beating Morocco in Hannover.

The team's greatest success in the second half of the 20th century was promotion to the A group of FIRA rugby in 1981. From 1981 to 1983, Germany played ten games at this level, but won just one and were relegated back to the B level. After this, the team dropped briefly to the C level in 1985 but promptly returned to the second tier.

German reunification

[edit]

With the German reunification, in 1991, the German Democratic Republic national rugby union team was dissolved and became part of the Federal Republic's team. In 1994, Horst Kemmling, Germany's long-standing captain, ended his international career, having played a record number of 50 games for Germany from 1976 onwards.[7]

With the reorganisation of the European Nations Cup (ENC) in 2000, Germany became part of the second division.

Centenary and Barbarians tour

[edit]

In 2000 the German Rugby Federation celebrated its centenary. Centenary celebrations included a banquet in the Heidelberg Castle and the hosting of the European leg of the Rugby World Cup Sevens in Heidelberg, in which the German team came close to upsetting Ireland, who had Gordon D'Arcy in their line-up. The tournament was won by the Welsh team, which featured Andy Marinos and Arwel Thomas.

The highlight of the Centenary season was the Centenary Match against the famous Barbarians. The Barbarians included a host of internationals including Scott Hastings, Peter Stringer, Shaun Longstaff, Jeff Probyn, Frankie Sheahan, Russell Earnshaw, Shaun Connor, John Langford and Derwyn Jones and won 47-19 against a determined German team.

Main article: Germany at the 2006–08 European Nations Cup

Germany remained in the second division of the European Nations Cup until 2008, when it achieved promotion to the top level, facing Europe's number 7 to 11 teams in 2009 and 2010. Its declared aim at this level was to avoid relegation; qualification for the 2011 Rugby World Cup was not really expected from the team.[8]

With over 8,000 spectators, Germany's home game against the Netherlands in Hanover, at the Rudolf-Kalweit-Stadion in April 2007, achieved the best crowd figures for a rugby match in Germany since the pre-Second World War days.[9]

Germany was unbeaten at home from 12 November 2000, when it lost to Ukraine, until 8 November 2008, when it lost to a Welsh selection.[10]

ENC 2008–10

[edit]
Main article: Germany at the 2008–10 European Nations Cup

In March 2009, coach Mark Kuhlmann stepped down after three and a half years in office, while the other two coaches Rudolf Finsterer and Bruno Stolorz, remained in the job. Stolorz was seconded to the German team by the Fédération française de rugby to improve Germany's performance in the sport.[11]

After five losses in the European Nations Cup in 2009, Germany achieved a win in a friendly against Hong Kong late in the year. Germany also managed a 15–12 victory over Switzerland but, as the German team had only one regular player in its side, captain Kehoma Brenner, the team was referred to as Germany A.[12] Mustafa Güngör became Germany's new captain on 8 December 2009, after the retirement of the previous captain Jens Schmidt, and played his first game in this role four days later, against Hong Kong.[13] Germany fielded eight uncapped players in this game.[14] A planned game against the British Forces in Germany in January 2010 had to be called off twice because of bad weather.

Despite disappointing results on the field and the distinct possibility of Germany being relegated, the sport made some progress in the country in 2009–10. With the admittance of sevens rugby to the Olympic Games, rugby in Germany is now eligible for federal grants. Additionally, the Bundeswehr, the German army, has agreed to admit eight to ten players per year to its sports program, making those players effectively professionals.[15]

In October 2009, the DRV decided to set its aim at playing two friendlies every year in November at home and two in January abroad. It also plans to organise a 10-day tour in Europe every year from 2013.[16]

After disappointing results against Georgia, Portugal and Romania in spring 2010, the team's performance improved against Russia. In its final ENC game against Spain, where a victory by eleven points was needed, Germany played their best game in the campaign yet but nevertheless lost and was relegated. As a consequence, coach Rudolf Finsterer resigned after ten years of service.[1] He was replaced by Torsten Schippe in July 2010,[17] with South African Jakobus Potgieter as Schippes assistant.[18]

ENC 2010–12

[edit]
Main article: Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup

Germany suffered a defeat in its opening game of the 2010–2012 European Nations Cup First Division B, losing to Poland 17–22 after leading 17–9 at half time. The defeat was seen as unnecessary by the President of the German Rugby Federation, Claus-Peter Bach, but he also considered Poland's victory as deserved. Germany went into the match with a new coach and assistant, a new captain, Alexander Widiker and five uncapped players.[19]

Germany finally achieved its first win in the ENC since 26 April 2008, when it beat the Netherlands in Amsterdam on 27 November 2010. Its last victory in the European competition had come at the same place against the same opposition, just over 31-month earlier.[20]

After a disappointing first half of the campaign, where Germany only won one of its five games, the team improved and won three in the second half, consequently finishing fourth overall out of six teams. With the final game against Moldova, Germany's captain Alexander Widiker played his 50th game for his country, thereby equaling Horst Kemmling's record.[21]

ENC 2012–14

[edit]

Germany again competed in the European Nations Cup First Division B in 2012–2014, once more facing Poland, Moldova and the Czech Republic. Additionally, it also competed against Ukraine, relegated from the A group, and Sweden, promoted from the Second Division. Germany's first match was on 27 October when it played Ukraine at home.[22] Before that the team played an unofficial warm up match against the New Zealand Ambassador's XV on 13 October 2012, a team that featured former All Black Keith Lowen in its ranks,[23] and ended in a 22–20 victory for Germany.[24]

Germany won its opening match against Ukraine 46–28, a game in which captain Alexander Widiker became the country's record international rugby union player with 51 games.[25] After a loss to Poland, Germany finished 2012 with a win over Moldova. The German team lost a warm up match to a Welsh student selection in February 2013 before winning its first competitive match in 2013, against Czech Republic, 27-8. Germany finished the first phase of the campaign with a 73-17 victory over Sweden.[26]

Germany's coach Torsten Schippe resigned from his post in April 2013, citing work commitments as the reason, despite achieving good results with his team.[27]

Schippe was replaced by his assistant Kobus Potgieter as coach of the German team.[28] Germany started the autumn of 2013 with two wins in friendlies against the B team of the Czech Republic and the New Zealand Ambassador's XV, the later with former All Black captain Taine Randell in its ranks.[29] It then won its away match against Ukraine before winning at home against Poland, thereby taking back the lead in its division.[30][31] Germany lost its last game of 2013, 15–30 to Moldova, but won comfortably 76–12 against the Czech Republic in April 2014. This game was to be the 58th and last for German captain and record international Alexander Widiker as he retired from international rugby after that.[32]

Germany's last game of the 2012–14 campaign was against Sweden on 26 April where a bonus point win would guarantee the side the championship, promotion and an advancement in the Rugby World Cup qualifying.[33] Germany won the game 45–20 to advance to a play-off game against the Netherlands in the 2015 Rugby World Cup – Europe qualification,[34] which they won 17-7. They played Russia for a chance to qualify for the Repechage and lead 20–17 up to the 77th minute but eventually lost 20–31 and were knocked out of the qualifying.[35]

ENC 2014–16

[edit]

Germany played two warm up matches in 2014. Germany played a match against the New Zealand Ambassadors XV which it won 21–19.[36] Germany then lost to Namibia 58–20.[37][38]

Germany is competing in the European Nations Cup First Division 1A in 2014–16. It is facing Georgia, Portugal, Romania, Russia and Spain in this competition, the same opponents it faced at its last stint at this level when it lost all ten games and was relegated. Germany began its ENC campaign in February 2015 with an 8–64 loss against Georgia. It also lost the following four games against Russia, Portugal, Romania and Spain. Germany thereby ended the first half of the 2014–16 campaign in sixth and last place with just one point out of five games, a bonus point earned against Rumania.[39]

Germany played two friendlies against Brazil, on 28 November in Blumenau, and 4 December in São Paulo as warm-up matches for the upcoming European Nations Cup games.[40] In the first-ever game against a South American opponent Germany won 29–12 and thereby climbed to 27th spot in the world ranking.[41] After losing the first two games of the 2016 campaign Germany defeated Portugal 50–27 in Hanover in front of over 8,000 spectators.[42] After losing to Romania Germany drew their final game of the campaign, against Spain, thereby finishing in fifth place, above Portugal, and avoiding relegation.[43]

Europe International Championships 2016–17

[edit]

Germany played in the 2016–17 Championship Division of the Europe International Championships.

Competitions

[edit]

The performance of the German team since introduction of the European Nations Cup in 2000.

European Nations Cup / Europe International Championships

[edit]
Years Division W–L (Pts Diff) Position Promotion /
Relegation
2000 Second Division 5th —
2001 Second Division 3rd —
2002–2004 Second Division 5–2 (+102) 2nd —
2006–2008 Second Division 6–2 (+67) 1st Promoted
2008–2010 First Division 0–10 (−409) 6th Relegated
2010–2012 Division 1B 4–6 (+17) 4th —
2012–2014 Division 1B 8–2 (+218) 1st Promoted
2014–2016 Division 1A 1–8 (−234) 5th —
2017 Championship Division 2–3 (−80) 5th —
2018 Championship Division 0–5 (−325) 3rd (Romania, Belgium and Spain deducted points) —
2019 Championship Division 0–5 (−115) 6th Relegated
2020 Trophy Division 1–2–2 (−23) 4th —

Rugby World Cup qualifying

[edit]
Years Division Position
2001–2002 2003 Rugby World Cup — Europe qualification – Round 2 – Pool A 2nd
2004–2006 2007 Rugby World Cup — Europe qualification – Round 3 – Play-off Lost to Spain 28–42 on aggregate.
2008–2010 2011 Rugby World Cup — Europe qualification — ENC Division 1 6th/6th in ENC.
2012–2014 2015 Rugby World Cup — Europe qualification — Round 6 Lost to Russia 20–31.
2017–2018 2019 Rugby World Cup – play-off qualifications Finished 2nd at repechage tournament

Match results

[edit]
Main article: List of Germany national rugby union team results

Notable wins

[edit]

The following table shows all German wins during the Rugby World Cup era (1987–present) against teams that have played in a Rugby World Cup.

Match date Opponent Result Match
13 May 2006 Spain 18–6 2007 Rugby World Cup — Europe qualification – Round 3 – Play-off
27 February 2016 Portugal 50–27 European Nations Cup
12 November 2016 Uruguay 24–21 Autumn International
11 February 2017 Romania 41–38 Rugby Europe Championship
16 June 2018 Portugal 16-13 2019 Rugby World Cup – Europe qualification

Source:[44]

Record

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Overall

[edit]

Results listed includes games that was played as West Germany. See East Germany for results recorded by East Germany.

Until the separation of Germany to East and West, Germany had a winning record of 51.35%, winning 19 matches in 37 games between 1900 and 1940. As West Germany, they recorded a 40% win rate, winning 62 matches in 155 games from 1952 and 1990. As a united Germany, from 1900 until present day, Germany has won 151 of their 333 representative matches.

Below is table of the representative rugby matches played by a Germany national team at test level up until 2 March 2023.[45][46]

Opponent Played Won Lost Drawn Win % For Aga Diff
 Andorra 1 1 0 0 100.00% 56 11 +45
 Austria 1 1 0 0 100.00% 69 9 +60
 Belgium 32 21 10 1 65.63% 758 485 +273
 Bulgaria 1 1 0 0 100.00% 40 12 +28
 Brazil 5 5 0 0 100.00% 157 51 +106
British Army 1 1 0 0 100.00% 26 9 +17
 Canada 1 0 1 0 0.00% 10 29 -19
 Chile 1 0 1 0 0.00% 10 32 −22
 Croatia 3 1 1 1 33.33% 50 67 −17
 Czech Republic 9 7 2 0 77.78% 254 138 +116
 Czechoslovakia 15 5 9 1 33.33% 176 223 −47
 Denmark 9 8 1 0 88.89% 215 99 +116
 France 15 2 13 0 13.33% 89 298 −209
 France XV 29 0 28 1 0.00% 177 822 −645
 Georgia 10 0 10 0 0.00% 64 521 −457
 Hong Kong 3 2 1 0 66.67% 50 23 +27
 Italy 20 4 15 1 20% 123 253 −130
 Kenya 2 2 0 0 100.00% 73 35 +28
 Latvia 2 2 0 0 100.00% 71 5 +66
 Lithuania 2 2 0 0 100.00% 77 21 +56
 Luxembourg 2 2 0 0 100.00% 150 7 +143
 Malta 1 1 0 0 100.00% 43 0 +43
 Moldova 7 4 3 0 57.14% 187 128 +59
 Morocco 10 3 7 0 30% 97 163 -66
 Namibia 3 0 3 0 0.00% 40 191 -151
 Netherlands 45 27 17 1 60% 805 580 +225
 Poland 20 10 10 0 50% 329 317 +12
 Portugal 12 5 7 0 41.67% 208 313 −105
 Romania 21 6 15 0 28.57% 237 604 −367
 Russia 11 0 11 0 0.00% 145 533 −388
 Samoa 3 0 3 0 0.00% 52 162 −110
Serbia & Montenegro 7 6 0 1 85.71% 232 26 +206
 Soviet Union 5 1 4 0 20% 53 161 −108
 Spain 26 8 16 2 30.77% 304 588 −284
 Sweden 10 7 3 0 70% 276 135 +141
  Switzerland 9 7 1 1 77.78% 263 161 +102
 Tunisia 4 2 2 0 50% 58 53 +5
 Ukraine 8 5 2 1 62.5% 170 131 +39
 United States 1 0 1 0 0.00% 17 46 −29
 Uruguay 1 1 0 0 100.00% 24 21 +3
Wales Wales Dev. XV 1 0 1 0 0.00% 14 27 −13
Total 363 157 196 10 43.25% 6009 7160 −1151

Squad

[edit]

The following players have been called-up to the squad for the 2021–22 Rugby Europe Trophy match against Poland Poland.[47]

Head Coaches: Germany Mark Kuhlmann

  • Caps updated: 14th November 2021, after game with Poland
Player Position Date of birth (age) Caps Club/province
Jörn Schröder(c) Prop (1992-11-08) 8 November 1992 (age 31) 31 Germany Heidelberger RK
Alexander Biskupek Hooker (1987-11-05) 5 November 1987 (age 36) 2 Germany SC Neuenheim
Paul Schüle Prop (1997-01-19) 19 January 1997 (age 27) 7 Germany TSV Handschuhsheim
Hassan Rayan Lock (1994-08-24) 24 August 1994 (age 30) 6 Germany SC Frankfurt 1880
Jens Listmann Lock (1993-10-30) 30 October 1993 (age 31) 5 Germany SC Frankfurt 1880
Robert Lehmann Back row (1988-09-22) 22 September 1988 (age 36) 9 Germany SC Neuenheim
Justin Renc Back row (2000-08-26) 26 August 2000 (age 24) 3 Germany TSV Handschuhsheim
Timo Vollenkemper Back row (1991-10-01) 1 October 1991 (age 33) 30 Germany SC Neuenheim
Oliver Paine Scrum-half (1991-09-25) 25 September 1991 (age 33) 12 Germany SC Neuenheim
Maximilian Kopp Fly-half (1994-09-27) 27 September 1994 (age 30) 4 Germany DSV 78 Hannover
Felix Lammers Wing (1996-11-29) 29 November 1996 (age 27) 11 Germany SC Neuenheim
Leo Wolf Centre (2001-05-16) 16 May 2001 (age 23) 4 Germany SC Frankfurt 1880
Anton Gleitze Centre (2000-04-10) 10 April 2000 (age 24) 4 Germany Berliner RC
Tobias Apelt Wing (1990-06-24) 24 June 1990 (age 34) 2 Germany RK Heusenstamm
Edoardo Stella Fullback (1996-06-14) 14 June 1996 (age 28) 1 Germany SC Frankfurt 1880
Mathis Blume Hooker (1997-05-19) 19 May 1997 (age 27) 2 Germany Berliner RC
Giuseppe Piano Prop (2001-11-28) 28 November 2001 (age 22) 0 Germany RK Heusenstamm
Matthew Flynn Back row (1989-01-05) 5 January 1989 (age 35) 1 Germany SC Neuenheim
Nico Windemuth Back row (1996-04-15) 15 April 1996 (age 28) 2 Germany SC Germania List
Philip Gleitze Wing (2000-04-10) 10 April 2000 (age 24) 0 Germany Berliner RC
Emil Schäfer Scrum-half (1999-07-06) 6 July 1999 (age 25) 2 Germany TSV Handschuhsheim
Leonard Becker Fullback (1994-07-06) 6 July 1994 (age 30) 2 Germany SC Neuenheim
Felix Martel Prop (1996-01-17) 17 January 1996 (age 28) 11 Germany TSV Handschuhsheim

Recent call-ups

[edit]

The following players have also been called up to the squad within the last 12 months.

Player Pos Date of birth (age) Caps Club Latest call-up
Samy Füchsel Prop 28 July 1992 (age 29) 49 Germany SC Neuenheim v. Lithuania Lithuania, 30 October 2021
Mick Burisch Lock 28 November 1999 (age 22) 2 Germany SC Neuenheim v. Lithuania Lithuania, 30 October 2021
Zani Dembele Wing 1 June 1998 (age 23) 2 France Beauvais RC v. Lithuania Lithuania, 30 October 2021
Tim Schiffers Back row 5 August 1997 (age 24) 1 Germany Heidelberger RK v. Lithuania Lithuania, 30 October 2021
Oliver Stein Back row 28 November 2000 (age 20) 1 Germany München RFC v. Lithuania Lithuania, 30 October 2021
Daniel Lukas Wolf Prop (2000-04-06) 6 April 2000 (age 24) 1 Germany SC Frankfurt 1880 v. Switzerland Switzerland, 19 March 2022

Rankings

[edit]
Men's World Rugby Rankings
Top 30 as of 28 October 2024[48]
Rank Change[i] Team Points
1 Steady  Ireland 092.12
2 Steady  South Africa 091.77
3 Steady  New Zealand 088.70
4 Steady  France 086.96
5 Steady  England 085.40
6 Steady  Argentina 084.30
7 Steady  Scotland 082.82
8 Steady  Italy 079.98
9 Steady  Fiji 079.64
10 Steady  Australia 079.32
11 Steady  Wales 076.04
12 Steady  Georgia 074.10
13 Steady  Samoa 072.68
14 Steady  Japan 072.31
15 Steady  Portugal 070.61
16 Steady  Tonga 068.12
17 Steady  Uruguay 067.39
18 Steady  Spain 066.29
19 Steady  United States 065.70
20 Steady  Romania 062.62
21 Steady  Chile 061.39
22 Steady  Canada 060.81
23 Steady  Hong Kong 060.40
24 Steady  Russia 058.06
25 Steady  Namibia 057.87
26 Steady   Switzerland 057.44
27 Steady  Netherlands 057.29
28 Steady  Zimbabwe 056.03
29 Steady  Brazil 055.83
30 Steady  Belgium 055.11
  1. ^ Change from the previous week
Source: World Rugby[48]
Graph updated to 28 October 2024

Captains

[edit]

The following players have captained Germany in the recent past:

Captain Years
Horst Kemmling –1994
Dirk Kuhnen 1995–1998
Mark Schulze 1998–1999
Mark Kuhlmann 1999–2003
Colin Grzanna 2007–2008
Jens Schmidt 2006–2009
Mustafa Güngör 2009–2010
Alexander Widiker 2011–2014
Sean Armstrong 2014–
Clemens von Grumbkow 2015
Michael Poppmeier 2016–2018
Sebastian Ferreira 2019
Jörn Schröder 2019-2020

Coaches

[edit]

The following coaches have led Germany in the recent past:

Coach Years
Germany Helmut Flügge 1959–1969
Germany Klaus Wesch 1969–1981
Germany Fritz Raupers 1981–1988
France Robert Antonin 1988–1990
France Jean-Claude Rutault 1990–1992
Romania Petre Ianusevici 1992–2000
Germany Torsten Schippe 2000–2001
Germany Rudolf Finsterer 2001–2010
France Bruno Stolorz 2008-2010
Germany Torsten Schippe 2010–2013
South Africa Kobus Potgieter 2013–2017
Uruguay Pablo Lemoine 2018
England Mike Ford 2018–2019
Germany Mark Kuhlmann (interim) 2019
South Africa Byron Schmidt and Melvine Smith 2020
Germany Mark Kuhlmann 2020 -

Silver medal team 1900

[edit]
Germany, represented by SC 1880 Frankfurt, at the 1900 Summer Olympics

The following players were part of the team that won the silver medal at the 1900 Summer Olympics:[49]

References

[edit]
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  5. ^ Post SV Berlin Rugby – Archiv Archived 20 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in German) Chronik 30 Jahre – History of Post SV Berlin Rugby. Retrieved: 11 April 2010
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  37. ^ Deutsche Rugby-Nationalmannschaft testet gegen WM-Teilnehmer Namibia (in German) totalrugby.de, published: 15 October 2014, accessed: 20 October 2014
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  39. ^ Spain versus Germany game report (in German) totalrugby.de, accessed: 24 March 2015
  40. ^ DRV XV: Ohne Vollenkemper auf Länderspiel-Reise nach Brasilien (in German) totalrugby.de, published: 5 November 2015, accessed: 6 November 2015
  41. ^ Germany record historic win worldrugby.org, accessed: 1 December 2015
  42. ^ ENC 2016: DRV XV macht großen Schritt in Richtung Klassenerhalt (in German) totalrugby.de, published: 27 February 2016, accessed: 28 February 2016
  43. ^ ENC 2016: DRV XV schafft nach Unentschieden gegen Spanien den EM-Klassenerhalt (in German) totalrugby.de, published: 20 March 2016, accessed: 21 March 2016
  44. ^ "Germany wins". ESPN. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  45. ^ "Rugby Union - ESPN Scrum - Statsguru - Test matches - Team records". ESPN scrum. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  46. ^ "Rugby Union - ESPN Scrum - Statsguru - Test matches - Team records". ESPN scrum. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  47. ^ "Schwarze Adler wollen in Polen nachlegen - Deutscher Rugby-Verband".
  48. ^ a b "Men's World Rankings". World Rugby. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  49. ^ Die Gründerjahre des deutschen Rugbysports Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine (in German) DRV website – Foundation years. Retrieved: 27 December 2008
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