Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1992

Democratic Presidential Primaries, 1992

1988 ← 1992 → 1996

Nominee Bill Clinton Jerry Brown Paul Tsongas Party Democratic Democratic Democratic Home state Arkansas California Massachusetts States carried 35 6 7 Popular vote 10,482,411 4,071,232 3,656,010 Percentage 51.99% 20.19% 18.13%   Nominee Bob Kerrey Tom Harkin Party Democratic Democratic Home state Nebraska Iowa States carried 1 1 Popular vote 318,457 280,304 Percentage 1.58% 1.39%

Democratic Primary Results: Blue denotes a Clinton win, yellow a Brown win, green a Tsongas win, orange a Kerrey win, and purple a Harkin win

Democratic presidential candidate before election Michael Dukakis Democratic presidential candidate-elect Bill Clinton

The 1992 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1992 U.S. presidential election. Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1992 Democratic National Convention held from July 13 to July 16, 1992 in New York City.

Candidates

During the aftermath of the Gulf War, President Bush's approval ratings were extremely high. During one point after the successful performance by U.S forces in Kuwait, President Bush's approval ratings were 89%. As a result, several high profile candidates such as Mario Cuomo refused to seek the Democratic Nomination for President. Senator (later Vice-President) Al Gore refused to seek the nomination due to the fact his son was struck by a car and was undergoing extensive surgery as well as physical therapy.

The Democrats lacked a high-profile viable candidate to face an incumbent Republican president. Still, several candidates such as Bill Clinton, Paul Tsongas and Jerry Brown chose to run.

Candidates:

• Former Mayor Larry Agran of Irvine, California
• Governor Jerry Brown of California
• Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas
• Senator Bob Kerrey of Nebraska
• Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa
• Former Senator Paul Tsongas of Massachusetts
• Governor Douglas Wilder of Virginia
• Filmmaker and activist Tom Laughlin
• Former Senator Eugene McCarthy

Nominee

• 

  Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas

Withdrew during primaries

• 

  Former Governor Jerry Brown of California

• 

  Senator Bob Kerrey of Nebraska

• 

  Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa

• 

  Former Senator Paul Tsongas of Massachusetts

• 

  Governor Douglas Wilder of Virginia

• 

  Former Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota

Declined to run

• 

  Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas

• 

  Senator Bill Bradley of New Jersey

• 

  Governor Mario Cuomo of New York

• 

  Speaker of the House Tom Foley of Washington

• 

  Senator Al Gore of Tennessee

• 

  Representative Dick Gephardt of Missouri

• 

  Reverend Jesse Jackson of South Carolina

• 

  Representative Dave McCurdy of Oklahoma

• 

  Former Senator George McGovern of South Dakota

• 

  Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell of Maine

• 

  Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia

• 

  Governor Ann Richards of Texas

• 

  Senator Chuck Robb of Virginia

• 

  Senator Jay Rockefeller of West Virginia

• 

  Representative Pat Schroeder of Colorado

• 

  Representative Stephen J. Solarz of New York

Primary race

Clinton, a Southerner with experience governing a more conservative state, positioned himself as a centrist New Democrat. He prepared for a run in 1992 amidst a crowded field seeking to beat the incumbent President George H. W. Bush. In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, Bush seemed unbeatable but a small economic recession spurred the Democrats on. Tom Harkin won his native Iowa without much surprise. Clinton, meanwhile, was still a relatively unknown national candidate before the primary season when a woman named Gennifer Flowers appeared in the press to reveal allegations of an affair. Clinton sought damage control by appearing on 60 Minutes with his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, for an interview with Steve Kroft. Paul Tsongas of Massachusetts won the primary in neighboring New Hampshire but Clinton's second place finish - strengthened by Clinton's speech labeling himself "The Comeback Kid" - re-energized his campaign. Clinton swept nearly all of the Super Tuesday primaries, making him the solid front runner. Jerry Brown, however, began to run a surprising insurgent campaign, particularly through use of a 1-800 number to receive grassroots funding. Brown "seemed to be the most left-wing and right-wing man in the field. [He] called for term limits, a flat tax, and the abolition of the Department of Education." Brown scored surprising wins in Connecticut and Colorado and seemed poised to overtake Clinton.

On March 17, Brown forced Tsongas from the race when he received a strong third-place showing in the Illinois primary and then defeated the senator for second place in the Michigan primary by a wide margin. Exactly one week later, he cemented his position as a major threat to Clinton when he eked out a narrow win in the bitterly fought Connecticut primary. As the press now focused on the primaries in New York and Wisconsin, which were both to be held on the same day, Brown, who had taken the lead in polls in both states, made a serious gaffe: he announced to an audience of various leaders of New York City's Jewish community that, if nominated, he would consider the Reverend Jesse Jackson as a vice-presidential candidate. Jackson, who had made a pair of anti-Semitic comments about Jews in general and New York City's Jews in particular while running for president in 1984, was still a widely hated figure in that community and Brown's polling numbers suffered. On April 7, he lost narrowly to Bill Clinton in Wisconsin (37-34), and dramatically in New York (41-26). In addition, his "willingness to break with liberal orthodoxy on taxes led to denunciations from the party regulars, but by the end of the race he had been embraced by much of the Left."

Although Brown continued to campaign in a number of states, he won no further primaries. Despite this, he still had a sizable number of delegates, and a big win in his home state of California would deprive Clinton of sufficient support to win the nomination. After nearly a month of intense campaigning and multiple debates between the two candidates, Clinton managed to defeat Brown in this final primary by a margin of 48% to 41%

Statewide contest by winner

Results by state

		Bill Clinton	Jerry Brown	Paul Tsongas	Bob Kerrey	Tom Harkin	Larry Agran	Uncommitted	Charles Woods	Eugene McCarthy	Lyndon LaRouche
February 10	Iowa Caucus	2.81%	1.60%	4.11%	2.41%	76.55%	-	11.92%	-	-	-
February 18	New Hampshire	24.78%	8.15%	33.20%	11.08%	10.18%	0.20%	-	1.71%	0.13%	0.07%
February 23	Maine Caucus	15.13%	30.77%	29.31%	3.01%	4.99%	-	16.65%	0.14%	-	0.74%
February 25	South Dakota	19.10%	3.86%	9.62%	40.12%	25.23%	1.11%	-	-	-	-
March 3	Colorado	26.90%	28.82%	25.61%	12.34%	2.45%	0.28%	2.24%	0.44%	0.20%	0.14%
March 3	Georgia	57.17%	8.10%	24.01%	4.85%	2.09%	-	3.80%	-	-	-
March 3	Idaho Caucus	11.56%	4.57%	28.76%	-	29.57%	-	17.47%	-	-	-
March 3	Maryland	35.76%	8.75%	43.40%	5.09%	6.20%	-	-	-	-	0.80%
March 3	Minnesota Caucus	-	-	-	-	?%	-	-	-	-	-
March 3	Utah Caucus	18.24%	28.39%	33.77%	10.58%	4.01%	0.18%	2.30%	0.48%	-	-
March 3	Washington Caucus	13.82%	19.32%	32.01%	6.14%	7.52%	0.79%	20.40%	-	-	-
March 7	Arizona Caucus	29.20%	27.50%	34.40%	-	7.60%	-	1.30%	-	-	-
March 7	South Carolina	62.90%	5.98%	18.33%	0.49%	6.58%	-	3.13%	0.73%	-	0.18%
March 7	Wyoming Caucus	28.57%	23.08%	11.72%	-	14.29%	-	22.34%	-	-	-
March 8	Nevada Caucus	26.47%	34.83%	19.69%	0.97%	0.45%	-	17.60%	-	-	-
March 10	Florida	50.79%	12.19%	34.75%	1.06%	1.22%	-	-	-	-	-
March 10	Hawaii Caucus	51.49%	13.60%	14.30%	0.40%	12.71%	-	7.50%	-	-	-
March 10	Louisiana	69.46%	6.63%	11.06%	0.78%	1.05%	0.91%	-	2.34%	3.94%	0.80%
March 10	Massachusetts	10.95%	14.60%	66.38%	0.68%	0.48%	0.28%	1.54%	-	0.39%	0.27%
March 10	Mississippi	73.11%	9.61%	8.12%	0.87%	1.31%	-	6.16%	-	-	0.73%
March 10	Missouri	45.10%	5.70%	10.20%	-	-	-	39.00%	-	-	-
March 10	Oklahoma	70.47%	16.69%	-	3.20%	3.40%	-	-	4.04%	-	1.56%
March 17	Illinois	51.65%	14.65%	25.79%	0.73%	2.04%	0.22%	4.50%	-	-	0.44%
March 17	Michigan	50.73%	16.56%	25.84%	0.55%	1.07%	-	4.75%	-	-	0.35%
March 19	North Dakota Caucus	47.08%	7.68%	10.54%	1.23%	6.96%	-	26.51%	-	-	-
March 24	Connecticut	35.64%	37.24%	19.53%	0.68%	1.11%	1.55%	3.14%	-	0.60%	0.52%
March 31	Vermont Caucus	17.20%	47.40%	9.68%	-	-	-	25.72%	-	-	-
April 2	Alaska Caucus	30.91%	33.09%	1.27%	-	-	-	34.73%	-	-	-
April 5	Puerto Rico	95.86%	1.42%	0.09%	1.43%	0.05%	0.03%	0.38%	0.12%	-	0.04%
April 7	Kansas	51.26%	12.99%	15.23%	1.38%	0.59%	0.09%	13.83%	0.70%	-	0.39%
April 7	Minnesota	31.14%	30.60%	21.35%	0.58%	2.00%	0.51%	5.57%	0.49%	1.81%	0.26%
April 7	New York	40.92%	26.23%	28.61%	1.11%	1.15%	1.07%	-	-	0.93%	-
April 7	Wisconsin	37.19%	34.46%	21.83%	0.39%	0.70%	0.41%	2.01%	-	0.85%	0.40%
April 11	Virginia Caucus	52.00%	12.00%	-	-	-	-	36.00%	-	-	-
April 28	Pennsylvania	56.48%	25.72%	12.76%	1.64%	1.66%	-	-	-	-	1.70%
May 5	Delaware Caucus	20.78%	19.50%	30.16%	-	-	-	29.57%	-	-	-
May 5	Indiana	63.31%	21.47%	12.21%	3.01%	-	-	-	-	-	-
May 5	North Carolina	54.10%	10.40%	8.32%	0.90%	0.85%	-	15.42%	-	-	-
May 5	Washington D.C.	73.87%	7.21%	10.41%	-	-	-	8.51%	-	-	-
May 12	Nebraska	45.53%	21.03%	7.11%	-	2.82%	0.19%	16.41%	0.32%	1.01%	0.76%
May 12	West Virginia	74.24%	11.90%	6.93%	1.03%	0.90%	-	-	0.49%	-	1.02%
May 19	Oregon	45.10%	31.18%	10.48%	-	-	0.47%	-	0.54%	1.90%	0.87%
May 19	Washington	42.01%	23.05%	12.83%	1.01%	1.26%	-	-	-	-	0.72%
May 26	Idaho	48.99%	16.71%	-	-	-	1.58%	29.08%	-	-	3.65%
May 26	Kentucky	56.08%	8.29%	4.88%	0.88%	1.93%	-	27.95%	-	-	-
May 27	Arkansas	68.05%	11.02%	-	-	-	-	18.03%	-	-	2.90%
June 2	Alabama	68.22%	6.72%	-	-	-	-	20.15%	3.38%	-	1.45%
June 2	California	47.47%	40.18%	7.42%	1.19%	-	0.87%	-	-	2.12%	0.77%
June 2	Montana	46.81%	18.48%	10.74%	-	-	-	23.98%	-	-	-
June 2	New Jersey	63.26%	19.76%	11.15%	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.93%
June 2	New Mexico	52.87%	16.92%	6.24%	-	1.78%	1.42%	19.44%	-	-	1.33%
June 2	Ohio	61.24%	18.94%	10.63%	2.20%	2.44%	-	-	-	-	1.67%
June 9	North Dakota	14.52%	-	-	-	-	-	-	20.26%	-	21.36%

Legend:		1st place (popular vote)		2nd place (popular vote)		3rd place (popular vote)

The convention

Main article: 1992 Democratic National Convention

The convention met in New York City, and the official tally was:

• Bill Clinton 3,372
• Jerry Brown 596
• Paul Tsongas 209
• Penn. Gov. Robert P. Casey 10
• Rep. Pat Schroeder 8
• Larry Agran 3
• Ron Daniels 1
• Al Gore 1
• Joe Simonetta 1

Clinton chose U.S. Senator Albert A. Gore Jr. (D-Tennessee) to be his running mate on July 9, 1992. Choosing Gore, who is from Clinton's neighboring state of Tennessee, went against the popular strategy of balancing a Southern candidate with a Northern partner. Gore did serve to balance the ticket in other ways, as he was perceived as strong on family values and environmental issues, while Clinton was not. Also, Gore's similarities to Clinton allowed him to really push some of his key campaign themes, such as centrism and generational change.

Before Gore's selection, other politicians were mentioned as a possible running-mate, e.g. Bob Kerrey, Dick Gephardt, Mario Cuomo, Indiana Representative Lee H. Hamilton, Pennsylvania Senator Harris Wofford, Florida Senator Bob Graham, and Massachusetts Senator John Kerry.

The Democratic Convention in New York City was essentially a solidification of the party around Clinton and Gore, though there was controversy over whether Jerry Brown would be allowed to speak. Brown did indeed speak and ultimately endorsed the Clinton campaign.

Another additional controversy concerned Pennsylvania Governor Bob Casey, who sought a speaking slot at the convention but was not granted one. Casey complained that it was because of his outspoken pro-life views: he had warned the platform committee that Democrats were committing political suicide because of their support for abortion. Clinton supporters have said that Casey was not allowed to speak because he had not endorsed the ticket.

Popular vote results

Total popular vote number in primaries:

• Bill Clinton - 10,482,411 (52.01%)
• Jerry Brown - 4,071,232 (20.20%)
• Paul Tsongas - 3,656,010 (18.14%)
• Unpledged - 750,873 (3.73%)
• Bob Kerrey - 318,457 (1.58%)
• Tom Harkin - 280,304 (1.39%)
• Lyndon LaRouche - 154,599 (0.77%)
• Eugene McCarthy - 108,678 (0.54%)
• Charles Woods - 88,948 (0.44%)
• Larry Agran - 58,611 (0.29%)
• Ross Perot - 54,755 (0.27%)
• Ralph Nader - 35,935 (0.18%)
• Louis Stokes - 29,983 (0.15%)
• Angus Wheeler McDonald - 9,900 (0.05%)
• J. Louis McAlpine - 7,911 (0.04%)
• George W. Benns - 7,887 (0.04%)
• Rufus T. Higginbotham - 7,705 (0.04%)
• Tom Howard Hawks - 7,434 (0.04%)
• Stephen Bruke - 5,261 (0.03%)
• Tom Laughlin - 5,202 (0.03%)
• Tom Shiekman - 4,965 (0.03%)
• Jeffrey F. Marsh - 2,445 (0.01%)
• George Ballard - 2,067 (0.01%)
• Ray Rollinson - 1,206 (0.01%)
• Leonora Fulani - 402 (0.00%)
• Douglas Wilder - 240 (0.00%)

Convention tallies

For President:

• Bill Clinton - 3,372 (80.27%)
• Jerry Brown - 596 (14.19%)
• Paul Tsongas - 209 (4.98%)
• Robert P. Casey - 10 (0.24%)
• Patricia Schroeder - 8 (0.19%)
• Larry Agran - 3 (0.07%)
• Ron Daniels - 1 (0.02%)
• Al Gore - 1 (0.02%)
• Joe Simonetta 1 (0.02%)

Vice Presidential nomination

Clinton selected Tennessee Senator and 1988 candidate Al Gore to be his running-mate. Among others confirmed possible V.P. nominees, who were finalists of Clinton's selection were:

• Jay Rockefeller, U.S. senator from West Virginia
• Bob Graham, U.S. senator from Florida
• Lee H. Hamilton U.S. representative from Indiana.
• Tom Harkin, U.S. senator from Iowa
• Bob Kerrey, U.S. senator from Nebraska
• George Mitchell, U.S. senator from Maine
• Paul Tsongas, former U.S. senator from Massachusetts
• Doug Wilder, Governor of Virginia
• Harris Wofford, U.S. senator from Pennsylvania

Clinton's list of finalists did not include Senator Bill Bradley of New Jersey and Governor of New York Mario Cuomo, who publicly disavowed interest in Vice Presidency.

Convention tally for Vice President

• Al Gore - was nominated by acclamation on a voice vote.

Outside resources

The story of the race was covered in the film The War Room and fictionalized into the novel and film Primary Colors.

See also

• Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1992

References

• Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life. Vintage. ISBN 1-4000-3003-X.