Eravikulam National Park
| Eravikulam National Park | |
| — national park — | |
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IUCN Category II (National Park)
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| Coordinates | 10°12′00″N 77°04′59″E / 10.2°N 77.083°ECoordinates: 10°12′00″N 77°04′59″E / 10.2°N 77.083°E |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District(s) | Idukki |
| Established | 31 March 1978 |
| Nearest city | Ernakulam |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
97 square kilometres (37 sq mi) • 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) |
| Climate • Precipitation |
• 3,000 mm (120 in) |
| Visitation # Year | 148,440 2001 |
| Governing body | Department of Forests and Wildlife, Government of Kerala |
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Footnotes
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| Website | www.eravikulam.org/index.htm |
Eravikulam National Park (Malayalam:ഇരവികുളം ദേശീയോദ്യാനം) is a 97 km² national park located along the Western Ghats in the Idukki district of Kerala in India, between 10º05'N - 10º20'N latitude and 77º0'E - 77º10'E longitude. See:map.
The park is administered by the Kerala Department of Forests and Wildlife, Munnar Wildlife Division, together with the nearby Mathikettan Shola National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park, Pambadum Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kurinjimala Sanctuary.[1] The Western Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including all of Eravikulam National Park, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.[2]
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[edit] Geography
The main body of the park consists of a high rolling hill plateau with a base elevation of about 2,000 m. The terrain consists of high altitude grasslands interspersed with sholas. Anamudi (2695 m, the highest peak in India south of the Himalayas is inside this park. Many perennial streams criss-cross the park. They merge together to form tributaries of the Periyar river and Chalakudiyar River on the west and the east flowing Cauvery River in Tamil Nadu. See:.[3] Lakkom Water falls is in this region.
[edit] Fauna
Twenty six species of mammals have been recorded in the park including the largest surviving population of Nilgiri Tahr, estimated at about 750 in number. The other ungulates are Gaur, Indian Muntjac and Sambar Deer. Golden Jackal, Jungle Cat, Wild dog, Dhole, leopard and tiger are the main predators. Some little known animals such as Nilgiri langur, Stripe-necked Mongoose, Indian Porcupine, Nilgiri Marten, small clawed otter, Ruddy Mongoose, and [3] (Funambulus sublineatus) Dusky striped squirrel are also found.[4] Elephants make seasonal visits.
132 species of birds have been recorded which include endemics like Black-and-orange Flycatcher, Nilgiri Pipit, Nilgiri Wood Pigeon, White Bellied Shortwing, Nilgiri Verditer Flycatcher and Kerala Laughingthrush.
Endemic butterflies confined to the shola-grass land ecosystem like the Red Disk Bushbrown and Palni Fourwing are among the 101 species in the park.
19 species of amphibians have been recorded in the park.
[edit] New species of frog found
A new bright reddish-orange-coloured frog with multiple glands and extremely short limbs has been discovered in the Eravikulam National Park. The newly discovered species, is restricted to less than three km2 on the peak of Anamudi and deserves immediate conservation priority, scientists S.D. Biju of Delhi University and Franky Bossuyt of the Free University of Brussels said in the latest edition of Current Science. The frog has been assigned the name Raorchestes resplendens.[5] This frog, as compared to all other members of the genus, has multiple prominent glandular swellings - laterally behind the eyes, on the side of the dorsum, on the anterior side of the vent, on the dorsal side of the forearms and shanks, and on the posterior side of tarsus and metatarsus. Additional distinguishing characteristics include, the colour of the iris which is bright red and extremely short legs.[6]
[edit] Flora
Three major types of plant communities are found in the Park - grasslands, shrublands and forests. The terrain above 2000m is covered primarily by grasslands. However, there are numerous small patches of forests in hollows and gullies in these areas. The deeper valleys are extensively forested. Shrublands predominate along the bases of the cliffs and interspersed in rocky slab areas. The antibacterial Eupatorium glandulosum is found here.
[edit] Visitor Information
Six mini-buses are operated by park staff as part of the visitor-management programme as well as a pollution-control measure. Private vehicles are not allowed within the park. INR 35 is charged per head as an entry fee for Indian nationals. Foreign nationals are charged INR 200 per head. Littering is banned inside the park. A well formed security wing is working to protect the park day and night. The park is accessible from Kochi (Kerala) and Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) airports, which are located at about 148 km and 175 km respectively. Munnar is the nearest town (13 km), well connected by roads from Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The nearest railway station is Aluva in Kerala (120 km from Munnar) and Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu (165 km).[7]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Eravikulam National Park |
- ^ K.S. Sudhi (Nov 03, 2006) The Hindu, retrieved 6/21/2007 New lives bloom in Rajamala
- ^ UNESCO, World Heritage sites, Tentative lists, Western Ghats sub cluster, Niligiris. retrieved 4/20/2007 World Heritage sites, Tentative lists
- ^ Eravikulam National Park - Map (2004) Nilgiri Tahr Trust, retrieved 6/20/2007 Map
- ^ UNEP (05/07/2007) World Commission on Protected Areas, World Database on Protected Areas, Eravikulam National Park, retrieved 7/5/2007 [1]
- ^ The Hindu - New species of frog found in Eravikulam National Park dt. 06 May 2010 [2]
- ^ S.D Biju, Yogesh Shouche, Alain Dubois, S.K. Dutta and Franky Bossuyt (2010). "A ground-dwelling rhacophorid frog from the highest mountain peak of the Western Ghats of India". Current Science 98 (8): 1119–1125.
- ^ Eravikulam National Park - (2004) Nilgiri Tahr Trust, retrieved 6/20/2007 details
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