Gun laws in the United States by state

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Gun laws in the United States regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition. State laws vary, and are independent of existing federal firearms laws, although they are sometimes broader or more limited in scope than the federal laws. For instance, some US states have created assault weapon bans that are similar to the expired federal assault weapons ban.

State level laws vary significantly in their form, content, and level of restriction. Forty-four states have a provision in their state constitutions similar to the the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The exceptions are California, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, and New York. In New York, however, the statutory civil rights laws contain a provision virtually identical to the Second Amendment. As well, the Supreme Court of the United States has held that the protections of the Second Amendment apply against state governments and their political subdivisions (such as in McDonald v. Chicago).

Firearm owners are subject to the firearm laws of the state they are in, and not exclusively their state of residence. Reciprocity between states exists in certain situations, such as with regard to concealed carry permits. These are recognized on a state-by-state basis. For example, Idaho recognizes an Oregon permit, but Oregon does not recognize an Idaho permit. Florida issues a license to carry both concealed weapons and firearms, but others license only the concealed carry of firearms. Some states do not recognize out-of-state permits to carry a firearm at all, so it is important to understand the laws of each state when traveling with a handgun.

In many cases, state firearms laws can be considerably less restrictive than federal firearms laws. This does not confer any de jure immunity against prosecution for violations of the federal laws. However, state and local police departments are not legally obligated to enforce federal gun law as per the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Printz v. United States.

Common subjects of state laws

Firearm related matters that are often regulated by state or local laws include the following:

• Some states and localities require that a person must obtain a license or permit in order to purchase or possess firearms.
• Some states and localities require that individual firearms be registered with the police or with another law enforcement agency.
• Most states allow some form of concealed carry, the carrying of a concealed firearm in public.
• Many states allow some form of open carry, the carrying of an unconcealed firearm in public on one's person or in a vehicle.
• Some states have state preemption for many or all gun laws, which means that only the state can legally regulate firearms. In other states, local governments can pass their own gun laws more restrictive than those of the state.
• Some states and localities place additional restrictions on certain semi-automatic firearms that they have defined as "assault weapons" or on magazines that can hold more than a certain number of rounds of ammunition.
• NFA weapons are weapons that are heavily restricted at a federal level by the National Firearms Act of 1934 and the Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986. These include automatic firearms (such as machine guns), short-barreled shotguns, and short-barreled rifles. Some states and localities place additional restrictions on such weapons.
• Some states have enacted castle doctrine or "stand your ground" laws, which provide a legal basis for individuals to use deadly force in self-defense in certain situations, without a duty to flee or retreat if possible.
• In some states, peaceable journey laws give additional leeway for the possession of firearms by travelers who are passing through to another destination.

Alabama

Main article: Gun laws in Alabama

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Alabama is a "may issue" state for concealed carry. Permits are generally issued to qualified applicants.
Open carry permitted?	No	Yes*		Open carry is generally permitted. However, open carry in a vehicle without a concealed carry license is prohibited. Open carry of a pistol is illegal in Alabama. AL code 13A-11-52 states that, "Except as otherwise provided in this article, no person shall carry a pistol about his person on premises not his own or under his control; but this section shall not apply to any sheriff or his deputy or police officer of an incorporated town or city in the lawful discharge of the duties of his office, or to United States marshal or his deputies, rural free delivery mail carriers in the discharge of their duties as such, bonded constables in the discharge of their duties as such, conductors, railway mail clerks and express messengers in the discharge of their duties." However, this article is currently being debated in the Alabama legislature.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		"The entire matter of handguns is reserved to the state legislature."
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No

Alaska

Main article: Gun laws in Alaska

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	None	No
Firearm registration?	No	No	None	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None	No
Owner license required?	No	No	None	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	AS 18.65.700 through 18.65.778	May carry concealed without permit, though permits can be issued for those who wish to have them.
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes		May carry openly without permit/license.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	AS 29.35.145	Municipalities may enact and enforce local regulations only if they are identical to, and provide the same penalty as, State law.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No	None	No
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	None	Federal rules observed.

Arizona

Main article: Gun laws in Arizona

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State permit required to purchase?	No	No	None	No
Firearm registration required?	No	No	ARS 13-3101	State law duplicates some of the registration requirements of weapons regulated by the federal National Firearms Act (NFA).
"Assault weapon" prohibition or restrictions?	No	No	None	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No	None	No
Concealed Carry Weapon (CCW) permits issued?	Yes	Yes	ARS 13-3112 ARS 13-3102	In Arizona, a person over age 21 may legally carry a concealed firearm or deadly weapon without a permit within the state, except for certain prohibited locations, and must disclose the fact to a law enforcement officer if questioned. Although no longer required, a CCW permit may still be obtained and has certain advantages, including reciprocity with many other states having CCW laws.
Open carry allowed?	Yes	Yes		May carry openly without permit/license.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	ARS 13-3108
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No	ARS 13-3101	Automatic weapons, short barreled rifles/ shotguns, and sound suppressors are legal as long as they are registered with the NFA and are in compliance with federal law.
Peaceable journey laws?	No	No	None	Federal rules observed.

Arkansas

Main article: Gun laws in Arkansas

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	None	No
Firearm registration?	No	No	None	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No	None	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	5-73-301 - 5-73-320	Concealed carry requires a permit. Handgun open carry is not permitted.
Open Carry?	Yes	No
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	5-73-120
NFA weapons restricted?	N/A	N/A	5-73-120
Peaceable Journey laws?	?	Yes	5-73-120 (c)(4)	[Weapons are allowed if] The person is carrying a weapon when upon a journey, unless the journey is through a commercial airport when presenting at the security checkpoint in the airport or is in the person's checked baggage and is not a lawfully declared weapon;

California

Main article: Gun laws in California

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	Partial*	§26500, §12071, §12082	All firearm sales (except long guns more than 50 years old) must be completed through a dealer. *Handgun purchases require a Handgun Safety Certificate and proof of residency.
Firearm registration?	No	Yes	§12025 and §12031	All handgun serial numbers and sales are recorded by the state (registered) in the Department of Justice’s Automated Firearms System. Long arm serial numbers are not recorded, only the sale. While there is no requirement for California residents to register previously owned handguns or firearms with law enforcement, §12025 and §12031 enhance several misdemeanor offenses to felonies if the handgun is not on file in the Department of Justice’s Automated Firearms System. California §12025 states that handguns must be transported unloaded and in a locked box other than the glove compartment or utility box in a motor vehicle. New residents must register handguns (purchased outside of California) with DOJ within 60 days.
Owner license required?	No	No	None
"Assault weapon" law?	Yes	Yes	§12280, §12285	Illegal to possess, import, or purchase assault weapons and .50 BMG rifles, unless such weapons were acquired by the owner prior to June 1, 1989. Legally defined assault weapons and .50 BMG rifles listed by make and model by the DOJ must be registered. Their sale and transfer is prohibited. Military look-alike rifles that are not chambered for .50 BMG and are not on the DOJ roster are legal to purchase or possess, with some restrictions in configuration—known as "banned features." Active-duty military members residing out of state and assigned to duty in California may bring personally-owned assault weapons into the state. The military member's residence must be in a state that permits private citizens to own and possess assault weapons, and the firearms must be registered with the California Department of Justice prior to the servicemember's arrival in California by submitting the registration form with a copy of the member's Permanent Change of Station (PCS) orders.
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	Yes	Yes	§12020	It is unlawful for any person to manufacture, cause to be manufactured, import into the state, keep for sale, or offer or expose for sale, or give or lend, any large-capacity magazine. A large capacity magazine means any ammunition feeding device with the capacity to accept more than 10 rounds, but shall not be construed to include a feeding device that has been permanently altered so that it cannot accommodate more than 10 rounds, a tubular magazine that is contained in a lever-action firearm, or a .22 caliber tube ammunition feeding device.
Carry permits issued?	Yes	Yes	§12050	May issue, depending on jurisdiction. County sheriff's or local Police Chief's discretion, many counties are de facto "no-issue," while others are "shall-issue" in practice. CCW permits valid statewide. Out-of-state permits not valid in California.
Open Carry?	No*	No	§26350	Open carry of handguns was banned on August 2012. *Long guns may be carried in unincorporated rural areas where open carry is permitted by local ordinance.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	§53701 GC	Most but not all local restrictions preempted.
Castle Doctrine Law?	Yes	Yes		California never requires a duty to retreat whether in your own home or not. Legal presumption that an intruder poses a deadly threat if in your own home or property that is owned and controlled by yourself.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes	§12220, §12020, §12020	Possession of automatic weapons or short-barreled shotguns or rifles prohibited without DOJ "Dangerous Weapons Permit"; permission rarely granted outside of film industry. Suppressors (aka silencers) prohibited. The only AOW's that are permitted are smoothbore pistols and firearms with a combination of a smoothbore and rifle barrel.
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	None

Colorado

Main article: Gun laws in Colorado

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No		No except in the City and County of Denver
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	Yes	Yes		After July 1, 2013, magazines holding more than 15 rounds may not be sold or transferred within the state.
Owner license required?	No	No
Concealed Carry permits issued?	Yes	Yes	CRS 18-12	Colorado is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry?	Yes	Yes	CRS 18-12	Legal without permit requirements except in the City and County of Denver.
Concealed within a vehicle?	Yes	Yes	CRS 18-12, 33-6-125	Without a round chambered (applies to rifles/shotguns, not pistols).
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	CRS 18-12	Open carry and open car carry of a loaded firearm is prohibited in city and county of Denver, otherwise, local ordinances are preempted by state law.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No
Peaceable Journey laws?	Yes	Yes	CRS 18-12-105.6	Denver's restrictions on transport/possession of firearms in vehicles do not apply to persons traveling to or from other jurisdictions; see Trinen v. City & County of Denver, 53 P.3d 754
Castle Doctrine?	Yes	Yes		A legal resident of a property has the right to use deadly force to defend themselves, other occupants, and property from armed or unarmed intruders.
Stand Your Ground Law?	Yes	Yes		A person does not have to attempt to retreat from any place where they have a legal right to be before they may defend themselves or others with deadly force.

Connecticut

Main article: Gun laws in Connecticut

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	Yes	Yes	CGS 29–36(f), CGS 29–36(g)	Certificate of Eligibility for Pistol and Revolvers or Long Guns or Ammunition required to purchase handguns, long guns or ammunition. Applicants must complete an approved safety course, and pass a NICS background check prior to issuance of certificate. Certificate of Eligibility valid for five years. There is a 14-day waiting period for the purchase of long guns, with exceptions for peace officers, Active-Duty military members, and holders of carry permits and hunting licenses.
Firearm registration?	No	No	CGS 53–202	Registration required for assault weapons purchased before October 1, 1993 and for machine guns. There is a de facto registry of handguns and long guns maintained by the Department of Public Safety as any transfer, be it from a dealer or private party, must be accompanied by an authorization number issued by the DPS and a form containing personal and weapon identification (DPS-3-C) must be submitted to DPS and local police. This form is collected and maintained on all guns purchased from FFL dealers as well.
"Assault weapon" law?	Yes	Yes	CGS 53–202	Selective fire weapons, some .50 BMG variants, a list of specific restricted features and certain brands of semi-automatic assault weapons and weapon "types". List of banned weapons expanded on April 4, 2013 to include firearms with one defined feature; banned weapons lawfully possessed prior to this date must be registered with DESPP.
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	Yes	Yes		As of April 4, 2013, magazines holding more than 10 rounds are considered Large Capacity Magazines (LCM), and such magazines manufactured after that date may not be sold or transferred within the state. Existing owners of LCMs may possess such magazines if they register them with the Dept. of Emergency Services and Public Protection, within one year. Owners of registered LCMs may not loaded such magazines with more than 10 rounds except when inside the owner's home or on the premises of a licensed shooting range. Even if an individual has a permit to carry a pistol or revolver, they can never carry, other than at a shooting range, a pistol that has an LCM loaded with more than 10 bullets.
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	CGS 29–28	May-Issue by statute, but Shall-Issue in practice. Permit needed to carry open or concealed. Exceptions for peace officers and Active-Duty military members. Out of state permits not valid in Connecticut, but nonresidents may apply for a Connecticut Nonresident carry permit through the mail.
Open Carry?	No	Yes		A concealed carry permit allows open carry of pistols as well. Despite this however, local law enforcement have been known to confiscate openly carried weapons in ignorance of law. Courts however, revoke police confiscation once a valid carry permit has been verified and applicable court fees have been paid.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Partial	Partial	CGS 29–28	State pre-emption of local ordinances not explicitly specified in state law, but established by court precedence.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes	CGS 53–202(c)	SBR, SBS, DD, suppressors are legal, provided they also comply with the assault weapons provisions, unless purchased before October 1, 1993. Machine guns must not be select-fire, unless purchased before October 1, 1993.
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	CGS 29–38	Federal rules observed.

Delaware

Main article: Gun laws in Delaware

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	Yes	Yes	11 Del.C. § 1441	Delaware is a "may issue" state for concealed carry. Permits are generally issued to qualified applicants.
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted. Local prohibitions in effect before July 4, 1985 are not preempted.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes*	Yes*		Complete preemption, except any local ordinances that were in effect before July 4, 1985 are still in effect and are not preempted.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		Civilian ownership for research purposes only.
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No		Federal rules observed.

District of Columbia

Main article: Gun laws in the District of Columbia

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase?	Yes	Yes		The firearm registration process also serves as a permitting process.
Firearm registration?	Yes	Yes		All firearms must be registered with the Metropolitan Police Department. A background check, training, and testing of the gun owner are required.
"Assault weapon" law?	Yes	Yes		"Assault weapons" and .50 BMG rifles prohibited.
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	Yes	Yes		Illegal to possess or acquire magazines of more than 10 round capacity.
Owner license required?	Yes	Yes		The firearm registration process also serves as a licensing process.
Carry permits issued?	No	No		Concealed carry prohibited.
Open Carry?	No	No		Open carry prohibited.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		Automatic firearms prohibited.
Peaceable journey laws?	No	No		Possession of unregistered firearms prohibited for both residents and non-residents.

Florida

Main article: Gun laws in Florida

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State license to Purchase?	No	No	None
Firearm registration?	No	No	None
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No	None
Carry licenses issued?	No	Yes	Chapter 790.06	Allows concealed possession of handguns, electronic weapons or devices, tear gas guns, knives, or billies, but not long guns or machine guns per Chapter 790.06(1). Concealed carry only; no open carry of firearms allowed, even with license, except when hunting, fishing, camping, or while practice shooting and while traveling to and from those activities.
Open Carry?	No*	No*	Chapter 790.053	*Florida allows the open carrying of firearms for certain purposes. They include fishing, hunting, sport shooting, or while camping.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	Chapter 790.33
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No	None
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	None	Federal rules observed.
Duty to inform?	No	No	None	Florida law does not require one to disclose their possession of a firearm on contact with Law Enforcement.

Georgia

Main article: Gun laws in Georgia

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	None
Firearm registration?	No	No	None
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No	None
Carry permits issued?	Yes	Yes	OCGA §16-11-129	Concealed or open carry allowed with permit. See also OCGA §43–38–10 which is a special permit for armed security guards.
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes	OCGA §16-11-129
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	OCGA §16-11-173	Despite state preemption, several localities continue to have local gun restrictions. Recent court rulings have resulted in many of these ordinances being withdrawn.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No	None
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	None	Federal rules observed.
Unlicensed open carry?	Yes	No	OCGA 16-11-128	A Georgia Weapons License (GWL), or a recognized out-of-state permit, is required for open carry of any handgun outside of one's home, property, motor vehicle, or place of business.

Hawaii

Main article: Gun laws in Hawaii

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	Yes	Yes
Firearm registration?	Yes	Yes		Must be registered with county Police Chief within 5 days of purchase.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	Yes		Law bans "assault pistols" with two or more banned features. Does not apply to rifles or shotguns with a barrel length greater than 16 inches
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	Yes		Handgun magazines with a capacity of more than 10 rounds are prohibited
Owner license required?	Yes	Yes
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Hawaii is a "may issue" state for concealed carry. The chief of police may grant a permit "in an exceptional case, when an applicant shows reason to fear injury to the applicant's person or property".
Open Carry?	No	Yes		Open carry is technically permitted with a concealed carry license, but is not generally practiced.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Municipalities may enact and enforce local regulations only if they are identical to, and provide the same penalty as, State law.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		Machine guns, short barreled rifles, and short barreled shotguns are prohibited from the average citizen. Destructive devices, AOW's, and silencers/suppressors are allowed with proper tax stamp and NFA paperwork from the ATF
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	None	Federal laws observed.

Idaho

Main article: Gun laws in Idaho

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Concealed Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Permit needed to carry concealed, may carry openly in a vehicle or on foot. May carry concealed when outside the confines of a city or city limits, and not inside a vehicle while engaged in a lawful outdoor activity.[2]
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes		May carry openly without permit/license.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No		Permitted as long such possession is in compliance with all federal regulations
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No		Federal rules observed.

Illinois

Main article: Gun laws in Illinois

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State permit to purchase?	Yes	Yes	430 ILCS 65	FOID required.
Firearm registration?	No	No	Chi. Mun. Code §8-20-110	The city of Chicago requires registration of firearms. Residents must complete a firearm safety course, pass a background check including fingerprinting, and pay a $100 permit fee which is renewed every three years. Registration of any handgun assumes an additional one time fee of $15.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	Cook Co. Code of Ord. §54-211 Chi. Mun. Code §8-20-170	Cook County and the city of Chicago have separately banned the possession of "assault weapons".
Magazine capacity restriction?	No	No		Some local governments have magazine capacity limits for both pistols and long guns, including Chicago (12 rounds), Oak Park (10 rounds), Aurora (15 rounds), and Cook County (10 rounds).
Owner license required?	Yes	Yes	430 ILCS 65	FOID required.
Carry permits issued?	No	No
Open carry?	No	No
State preemption of local restrictions?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes	720 ILCS 5/24 720 ILCS 5/24-2	Automatic firearms, short-barreled shotguns, and silencers prohibited. Short-barreled rifles allowed only for Curios and Relics license holders or members of a bona fide military reenactment group. AOW (Any Other Weapon) and large-bore DD (Destructive Device) allowed with proper approval and tax stamp from ATF.
Peaceable journey laws?	No	No		Non-Illinois residents who are permitted to possess a firearm in their home state are not required to have a FOID card.

Indiana

Main article: Gun laws in Indiana

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	None
Firearm registration?	No	No	None
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No	None
Concealed Carry license issued?	No	Yes	IC 35-47-2-3	Shall-Issue. Officially "License to Carry Handgun"
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes	IC 35-47-2-3	May carry openly with license.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	IC 35-47-11.1-2	Enacted in 2011
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	No	IC 35-47-5-10	Federal laws observed, with the exception that short barreled shotguns are not permitted.
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	None	Federal rules observed.

Iowa

Main article: Gun laws in Iowa

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	Yes	724.15	Concealed Carry permit may be used in lieu of purchase permit
Concealed carry permits issued?	No	Shall-Issue	724.4	Accepts permits from all states, Iowa residents must have Iowa permit
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes	724.7	Iowa issues a "Permit to Carry Weapons" that is necessary to carry a firearm. Iowa law does not generally require that firearms be concealed.
Castle Doctrine	No (see Notes)		704 707.6	Civil immunity for use of "reasonable force" in self defense
Firearm registration?	No	No	–
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	–
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes		724.1	Complete prohibition

Kansas

Main article: Gun laws in Kansas

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State permit to purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes		May carry openly without permit/license.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No
Peaceable journey laws?	No	No		Federal rules observed.

Kentucky

Main article: Gun laws in Kentucky

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State permit to purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Concealed Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	KRS § 237.110
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes		May carry openly without permit/license.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	KRS § 65.870	Exception: KRS § 237.115 allows the following entities to restrict concealed carry: Postsecondary educational institutions Any unit of government within the state in buildings that it owns, leases, or occupies – however, concealed carry is allowed in highway rest areas, public housing, and private dwellings
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No
Peaceable journey laws?	No	No		Federal rules observed.

Louisiana

Main article: Gun laws in Louisiana

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Louisiana is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted without a license, but may be restricted by local governments with laws in place before July 15, 1985.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Local restrictions in place before July 15, 1985 are grandfathered in. Parishes may regulate hunting and the shooting of firearms.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		Automatic firearms, short-barreled shotguns, short-barreled rifles, or silencers may not be possessed or transferred without permission of the Department of Public Safety, and must be registered with the Department.

Maine

Main article: Gun laws in Maine

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Maine is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted. Open carry in a vehicle is permitted only with a concealed carry license.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Local governments may restrict the discharge of firearms.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No

Maryland

Main article: Gun laws in Maryland

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	Partial*		*Handgun purchases must be approved by the state police. Buyers of handguns must complete a training course or hold a concealed carry permit. Private sales of handguns are prohibited.
Firearm registration?	No	Yes		The state police maintain a permanent record of all handgun transfers.
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Maryland is a "may issue" state for concealed carry. Applicants must demonstrate a "good and substantial reason" to carry a handgun. Permits are normally very hard to obtain.
Open carry permitted?	No	Yes		Open carry is technically permitted with a concealed carry license, but is not generally practiced.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Maryland has state preemption for most but not all firearm laws.
"Assault weapon" law?	No*	Yes		*.50 BMG caliber rifles and certain other models are are considered "regulated firearms". There is also a ban on "assault pistols".
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	Yes	Yes		Illegal to sell or manufacture magazines with a capacity of greater than 10 rounds within Maryland. However, POSSESSION of magazines greater than 10 rounds is legal
NFA weapons restricted?	No*	No*		*Automatic firearms must be registered with the state police and short barreled rifles and shotguns must be owned in compliance with federal law.

Massachusetts

Main article: Gun laws in Massachusetts

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	Yes	Yes		Firearm Identification (FID) or license to carry required.
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	Yes	Yes		Firearm Identification (FID) or license to carry required.
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Massachusetts is a "may issue" state for concealed carry. There are several different types of concealed carry licenses. CCW issuance varies within the state. Counties closer to large cities (like Boston) are de facto no-issue, whereas more rural (and some suburban) counties have shall/reasonable issuance policies. Restrictions can be put on any type of permit however, such as carrying concealed only while hunting or sport shooting. Permits are valid state wide as long as you are carrying in the manner you are allowed to.
Open carry permitted?	No	Yes		Open carry is permitted in some rural areas, but only with a concealed carry license and is not generally practiced. Open carry in a vehicle is not permitted even with a license.
State preemption of local restrictions?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	Yes	Yes		A list of of specific list of weapons from specific models and manufacturers and a two point "banned features" system is what defines an "assault weapon". These "assault weapons" are prohibited unless lawfully owned on or prior to September 13, 1994. Firearms not on the list and do not have two or more "banned features" are legal to purchase with an LTC-A, LTC-B or in some cases a standard FID.
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	Yes	Yes		Illegal to possess magazines of over 10 rounds capacity unless manufactured prior to 09/13/1994, and one has a LTC-A. Does not apply to tubular and .22 rimfire magazines.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		The possession of automatic firearms is only allowed with a permit, which is rarely granted. Silencers are restricted only for law enforcement. Some destructive devices are banned at the state level, while others are banned at a local level. DD's can be completely illegal or legal depending on what county you live in. SBR's, SBS's, and AOW's are allowed with proper approval from the ATF, provided they comply with the current assault weapon law.

Michigan

Main article: Gun laws in Michigan

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	Yes		A license to purchase or a concealed carry permit is required for the purchase of a handgun.
Firearm registration?	No	Yes		Handguns must be registered with the city chief of police or county sheriff.
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Michigan is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted. Open carry in a vehicle is permitted only with a concealed carry license.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Local governments may restrict the discharge of firearms.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	No		Short barreled shotguns and short barreled rifles are prohibited. Automatic weapons, AOW's, and silencers/suppressors are allowed if in compliance with federal law

Minnesota

Main article: Gun laws in Minnesota

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	Yes	§624.7131	Permit to purchase required to transfer/purchase "military-style assault weapons" and handguns through FFL dealers. A permit to carry also acts as a permit to purchase for Minnesota residents. Traditional rifles and shotguns may be purchased without a permit. A permit is required for private transfers between individuals for the sale of a pistol or "semiautomatic military-style assault weapon".
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	§624.7131	Persons under the age of 21 prohibited from purchasing handguns. Persons 18 and older may purchase "assault weapons" with a permit to purchase (or permit to carry for persons 21 and older).
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	§624.714	Shall Issue. Minnesota Permit to Carry a Pistol required to carry handguns. Concealment is permitted but not required, but only handguns may be carried concealed.
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes	§624.7181	May carry openly with permit to carry. A carry permit also allows for open carry of long guns.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	§471.633	Municipalities may regulate the discharge of firearms within their borders.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes	§609.67	Machine guns and short-barreled shotguns, unless designated Curios & Relics, are prohibited in most cases. Sound suppressors and some destructive devices are prohibited in most cases.
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No		Federal rules observed.

Mississippi

Main article: Gun laws in Mississippi

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		The Mississippi Department of Public Safety shall issue a license to carry a concealed pistol or revolver to a qualified applicant within 45 days. The license is valid for five years. Concealed carry is not allowed in a school, courthouse, police station, detention facility, government meeting place, polling place, establishment primarily devoted to dispensing alcoholic beverages, athletic event, parade or demonstration for which a permit is required, passenger terminal of an airport, "place of nuisance" as defined in Mississippi Code section 95–3–1, or a location where a sign is posted and clearly visible from at least ten feet away saying that the "carrying of a pistol or revolver is prohibited". A license to carry a pistol or revolver is NOT required for open carry. A license is not required for transporting a concealed or visible firearm in a vehicle.
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes	House Bill 2 of The 2013 Mississippi Legislature	Law goes into effect July 1, 2013
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		No county or municipality may adopt any ordinance that restricts or requires the possession, transportation, sale, transfer or ownership of firearms or ammunition or their components. However, local governments may regulate the discharge of firearms, the carrying of firearms at a public park or public meeting, or the use of firearms in cases of insurrection, riots and natural disasters.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No		Permitted as long such possession is in compliance with all federal regulations
Peaceable Journey laws?

Missouri

Main article: Gun laws in Missouri

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Missouri is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	No	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted, but may be restricted by local governments.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Local governments may regulate open carry and the discharge of firearms.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No
Peaceable journey law?	Yes	Yes

Montana

Main article: Gun laws in Montana

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Concealed Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Montana is a "shall issue" state. Concealed carry without a permit is generally allowed outside city, town, or logging camp limits.
Open Carry?	Yes	Yes		May carry openly without permit/license.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	M.C.A 45-8-351	Complete state preemption of firearms laws except localities may regulate the carrying of concealed or openly carried firearms to a public assembly, a publicly owned building, a park under its jurisdiction or a school. Localities may also regulate the possession of firearms by felons, minors, illegal aliens, or the mentally incompetent.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No		Permitted as long such possession is in compliance with all federal regulations.
Peaceable Journey laws?	Yes	Yes

Nebraska

Main article: Gun laws in Nebraska

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	Yes		A handgun certificate or a concealed carry permit is required for the purchase of a handgun.
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Nebraska is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	No	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted, but may be restricted by local governments. For open carry in a vehicle, the firearm must be clearly visible.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Nebraska has state preemption for most but not all firearm laws.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No

Nevada

Main article: Gun laws in Nevada

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No		Clark County requires the registration of handguns.
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Nevada is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted. For open carry in a vehicle, the firearm must be clearly visible if upon the person.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Local authorities may regulate the discharge of firearms. Handgun registration in Clark County is grandfathered in.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No

New Hampshire

Main article: Gun laws in New Hampshire

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	NHRS XII §159:14	A concealed carry permit or that the buyer is "personally known" to the seller is required for purchase of a firearm from a non-licensed dealer.
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	NHRS XII §159:6	License is shall-issue.
Open carry?	Yes	Yes	NHRS XII §159:6 NHRS XVIII §207:7	Handgun open carry without license except in a motor vehicle. Loaded long guns prohibited from motor vehicles.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	NHRS XII §159:26	Includes knives.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No

New Jersey

Main article: Gun laws in New Jersey

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State permit to Purchase?	Yes	Yes		A lifetime purchaser identification card is required for any firearm purchase. An additional permit is required for each handgun purchase. Only one handgun can be purchased within a 30 day period.
Firearm registration?	No	Yes		The NJ State police maintains a record of all handgun transfers, except for inherited firearms willed to the transferee. Firearm registration is voluntary, but since handgun purchase permits are also a form of register, there is de-facto mandatory handgun registration for handguns purchased in-state.
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	N.J. Admin. Code § 13:54	New Jersey is a "may-issue" state for concealed carry. Permit applicants must "specify in detail the urgent necessity for self-protection, as evidenced by specific threats or previous attacks which demonstrate a special danger to the applicant's life that cannot be avoided by means other than by issuance of a permit to carry a handgun." As a result of this tough standard, New Jersey is effectively a "no issue" state unless one is a retired law enforcement officer.
Open carry?	No	Yes		Open carry is allowed only with a concealed carry permit, and is generally not practiced.
State preemption of local restrictions?	No	No		There is limited state preemption for some firearm laws.
"Assault weapon" law?	Yes	Yes	NJCC Title 2C:39-1	New Jersey prohibits the possession of certain named firearms or "substantially identical" firearms deemed to be "assault firearms", including possession of parts from which an assault firearm may be readily assembled. Firearms classed as assault firearms but acquired before May 1, 1990 and registered with the state are legal to possess.
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	Yes	Yes		Magazines limited to 15 rounds
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		Possession of automatic firearms is prohibited without a state license, which is generally not granted.

New Mexico

Main article: Gun laws in New Mexico

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State permit to purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	NMSA 29–19–4	Shall-issue, with completion of 15-hour handgun safety course that includes live-fire instruction. Permit required to carry concealed loaded firearm on foot. No permit needed for open carry, concealed carry of an unloaded firearm, or transport of a loaded firearm either concealed or openly in a vehicle. Unlawfully carrying a concealed firearm is a petty misdemeanor that is punishable by up to 6 months in a county jail and/or a fine of up to $500.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No
State pre-emption of local ordinances?	Yes*	Yes*		As stated in Article 2, Section 6 of the New Mexico Constitution. *Tribal laws on Native American reservations not pre-empted.
Castle Doctrine law?	No	No		No statutory protection from lawsuits arising from the use of lethal force in self-defense.
"Opt-Out" statute?	Yes	Yes	NMSA 29–19–12; NMSA 30–14–6	Property owners may prohibit the carrying of firearms onto property they lawfully possess by posting signage or verbally notifying persons upon entering the property. Violating these "gun-free" establishments is a 4th-degree felony punishable by up to 18 months imprisonment and/or a fine of up to $5,000.
Peaceable journey laws?	No	No		Federal rules observed.

New York

Main article: Gun laws in New York

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	Yes	S 265.20, S 265.01	No NYS permit is required for long guns. NYC residents though must apply for and receive a rifle/shotgun permit from the NYC police department and must register every long gun purchased with said permit with the NYC police department. Purchases are limited to one long gun per ninety day period. Handguns require a permit. Permits are issued by Superior Courts outside of New York City, with a background check on a "may issue" basis. There is an application fee for each Permit, as well as an amendment fee for each handgun added to the permit.
Firearm registration?	No*	Yes	S 700.00, S 265.01	No registration for long guns. All handguns must be registered under a license. There is a $3 registration fee. Handguns are registered with purchase permit. The serial number and sale is noted down. It is illegal to possess any un-registered firearm. Antique weapons are exempted from this. All handguns must travel in the manner one's license is issued. No record is needed of previously owned handguns with laws enforcement. *All rifles classified as "assault weapons" must be registered with the state by January 15, 2014.
Owner license required?	No	Yes	S 265.20, S 265.01	No license is required for long guns. New York State has a handgun ban in place. Exceptions are to those who own a license. They are normally restricted to two types Target & Hunting and Unrestricted Carry. Target and hunting allows carry in that manner. Unrestricted allows carry at anytime. All permits not issued in New York City are not valid in there. Some places in the New York City area will often issue business carry license. These are issued to security guards, armed guards, and people who need to carry for a specific reason. Also some places will issue retired police officer permits. The minimum age to be issued a handgun license is 21 unless you are a former or current member of the armed forces or law enforcement.
Carry permits issued?	Yes	Yes	S 265.20, S 265.01	New York issues CCWs on a "may issue" basis. CCW Issuance is different by county. Generally it is harder to obtain a permit in counties closer to large New York cities. Most Counties that aren't apart of downstate New York have shall/reasonable issuance policies, but are may restrict where you can carry your weapon (such as only for target shooting or hunting). It is only a minor misdemeanor to carry out of the manner your license was issued in, but could cause it to be revoked. Concealed carry without any kind of permit can, and has been known, to be charged as a felony.
"Assault weapon" law?	Yes	Yes	S 265.00, S 265.02	Possession of assault weapons is prohibited, except for those legally possessed on January 15, 2013 and registered with the state by January 15, 2014. New York City, Buffalo, Albany, and Rochester have enacted their own assault weapon bans.
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	Yes	Yes		Magazine size limited to 10 rounds however, it is illegal to load more than 7 rounds into a magazine except when at shooting range, hunting, or in one's dwelling. Even if you have a concealed carry license you are only allowed to have only 7 rounds in a magazine. .22 caliber tubular magazines are exempt from the law.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes	S 265.02, S 265.02	Machine guns, silencers, SBR, SBS, and DD are prohibited from the average citizen. Technically AOW's are permitted, but in practice virtually all CLEO's reject all applications for them.
Open Carry?	No*	No*	S 265.35, S 265.01	Open carry is effectively banned under state law. *However some counties (such as Delaware County) will issue permits to open carry, but not concealed carry. Licensed handgun owners have been known to open carry in that county
Castle Doctrine Law?	Yes*	Yes*	§ 35.20	*New York has a castle doctrine law. It allows self defense against home invasion.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	No	No	None	New York lacks state preemption. Places such as Buffalo, Rochester, Albany, and most notably New York City have put in more restrictive gun laws, such as licensing of long guns and 5 round magazine limits.
Peaceable Journey laws?	Yes	Yes	S 265.10	With certain restrictions (see below), most notably magazines are not exempt.

North Carolina

Main article: Gun laws in North Carolina

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	Yes		For handguns, a permit to purchase or a concealed handgun permit is required.
Firearm registration?	No	No*		*Durham county requires registration of handguns. The county sheriff must keep a record of handgun purchase permits.
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		North Carolina is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	No	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted, but may be limited by local governments.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		North Carolina has state preemption for most but not all firearm laws. Durham county's registration requirement is grandfathered in.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		A permit to possess an automatic firearm may be issued at the discretion of the county sheriff. All other NFA weapons and silencers/suppressors are allowed, as long as federal rules are followed

North Dakota

Main article: Gun laws in North Dakota

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		North Dakota is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes		Open carry of long guns is generally permitted. Open carry of handguns is permitted only with a concealed carry permit.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No		NFA-compliant automatic firearms must be registered with the county sheriff and the state Bureau of Criminal Investigation.

Ohio

Main article: Gun laws in Ohio

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	None
Firearm registration?	No	No	None	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None	Magazines holding over 31 rounds makes the weapon an "automatic firearm" subject to law accordingly
Owner license required?	No	No	None	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	O.R.C. 2923.16	Shall Issue – 12 hour training required
Open carry?	Yes	Yes	O.R.C. 2923.16	Traditional open carry state. Restrictions in motor vehicle.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	O.R.C. 9.68	Full Preemption – Affirmed by City of Cleveland vs. State of Ohio
NFA weapons restricted?	Partial	Partial	O.R.C. 2923	It is a violation of state law to possess NFA weapons except as permitted by federal law.
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	None	Federal rules observed.

Oklahoma

Main article: Gun laws in Oklahoma

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	-	Private sales legal, no waiting period.
Firearm registration?	No	No	–	None
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	–	None
Owner license required?	No	No	§21-1273, §21-1276, §21-1283,	None
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	§21-1277, §21-1272, §21-1278, §21-1289, §21-1290	Concealed carry of loaded handguns permitted; open carry became lawful with permit as of November 1st, 2012. Unlicensed public carry of unloaded handguns and long arms by persons eligible to possess firearms is allowed under some circumstances.
Open carry permitted?	No	Yes	§21-1290	Open carry is permitted with a handgun carry license.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	§21-1289.24	–
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No	§21-1289.18	Short barreled rifles and shotguns are illegal to possess under state law unless registered under the NFA, ownership and possession of automatic firearms is legal under state law.

Oregon

Main article: Gun laws in Oregon

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State permit to purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		Oregon is a "shall-issue" state.
Open carry?	Yes	Yes		Open carry is generally allowed. Localities that prohibit open carry include: Astoria, Beaverton, Independence, Newport, Oregon City, Portland, Salem, Tigard, and Multnomah County.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Does not apply to unlicensed open carry.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No		Allowed as long as such items including machine gun lower receivers/ automatics sears, short barreled rifles, short barreled shotguns, and suppressors are in compliance with federal law and registered to the NFA.
Peaceable journey laws?	Yes	Yes

Pennsylvania

Main article: Gun laws in Pennsylvania

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State permit to purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	Yes	Yes		License to Carry Firearms issued on a "shall-issue" basis.
Open carry?	Yes	Yes		Unlicensed open-carry everywhere except Philadelphia or in/on a vehicle.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	18 Pa.C.S. § 6120
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No
Peaceable Journey laws?	Yes	Yes

Rhode Island

Main article: Gun laws in Rhode Island

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	Yes	RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–35	All purchasers of handguns must complete and pass a safety exam managed by the RI Department of Environmental Management, at which time they will receive a DEM issued "blue card" allowing purchase. Exempt are active duty military members, law enforcement officers, and retired law enforcement officers.
Firearm registration?	No	No	RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–41
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None
Owner license required?	No	No	None
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–11 RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–18	Rhode Island is a hybrid "shall issue" and "may issue" state for carry. Licenses may be granted either by local authorities or by the state's attorney general's office. Licenses granted by local authorities are "shall issue" while those issued by the attorney general's officer are "may issue" under state law.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes	RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–18	Open carry of handguns is permitted for only those with a carry permit issued by the attorney general. Open carry not permitted for those who's handgun carry permits were issued by local authorities. Long gun open carry is not prohibited by law.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–58
Castle Doctrine Law?	Yes	Yes	[1]	No duty to retreat if you are in your home
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes	RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–8 RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–20	It is a violation of state law to possess any NFA weapon or silencers with the exception of Class III FFLs.
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	Yes	RI Gen. Stat. 11–47–8	State law mirrors Federal law to a limited degree but does not make any provision for transport of rifles and explicitly states that an individual transporting a weapon must have a valid permit in another state. The State may also adhere to federal law but this is unclear and there does not appear to be any statewide policy. The Firearms owners protection act preempts this however, and the only known weapons that are illegal are NFA weapons.

South Carolina

Main article: Gun laws in South Carolina

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		South Carolina is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	No	No
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		Possession of automatic firearms, short-barreled shotguns, or short-barreled rifles is generally prohibited.

South Dakota

Main article: Gun laws in South Dakota

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		South Dakota is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted. For open carry in a vehicle, the firearm must be clearly visible.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No

Tennessee

Main article: Gun laws in Tennessee

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	None	No
Firearm registration?	No	No	None	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No	None	No
Carry permits issued?	No*	Yes	39-17-1351	Permits are "shall-issue". Concealed or open carry of a handgun is allowed with permit. *Loaded long gun carry is generally illegal. Those with a Handgun Carry Permit(HCP) holders may have loaded longs in a private vehicle so long as there is not a round in the chamber 39-17-1307(e) There are also other exceptions (like for hunting) listed in 39-17-1307
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes	§ 39-17-1307, 39-17-1308	Open carry of loaded handguns is permitted for those who have been issued a license to carry. Long guns may only be carried unloaded.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	39-17-1314	Tennessee is an anomalous State. The Legislature made a loop hole for cities and municipalities with laws in effect prior to April 8, 1986. The local ordinances in effect before April 8, 1986 pre-empt State law see TCA 39-17-1314(a). Local governments may post signs per 39-17-1359 to prohibit carry on government property, just like private property owners.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No	None	On July 1, 2003 public chapter 275 is in effect. It requires the CLEO, chief law enforcement officer, to sign NFA paperwork in 15 days if the applicant is not prohibited from possessing firearms. see TCA 39-17-1361 .
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	None	Federal rules observed.
Self-Defense Law	Yes	Yes	39-11-611	There is not duty to retreat before using deadly force, as long as you are acting lawfully and are in a place you have a right to be in. It is presumed you had a reasonable fear of imminent death or serious bodily injury if someone unlawfully and forcibly enters a residence, business, dwelling or vehicle.

Texas

Main article: Gun laws in Texas

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	None	Must be 18+ to purchase a long gun from a dealer or private seller, 21+ to purchase a handgun from a dealer, 18 to generally own and possess a firearm.
Concealed Carry on College Campus?		Yes
Firearm registration?	No	No	None	Federal law only; BATFE Form 4473 and NICS background check required to be completed when purchasing from a FFL dealer, which does not legally constitute "registration".
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	None	Federal law only; with the expiration of the AWB, there are currently no such laws.
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No	None	Proof of age/identity is required, and a concealed carry permit exempts the buyer from the NICS background check, but no specialized "firearm owner ID" is required to purchase.
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	GC Ch. 411 Subch H, PC 46.15	Concealed carry of a handgun requires a "shall-issue" permit, and is subject to specific laws governing trespass while armed. Open carry of a handgun is prohibited with some exceptions (hunting, on one's own property). Open carry of a long gun is not specifically prohibited as PC 46.02 (unlawful carry of weapons) only mentions handguns, however it may be construed as "Disorderly Conduct".
Open Carry?	Yes	No	PC 46.02
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	LGC §229.001.	FIREARMS; EXPLOSIVES. (a) A municipality may not adopt regulations relating to the transfer, private ownership, keeping, transportation, licensing, or registration of firearms, ammunition, or firearm supplies. Municipal governments can enact regulations on the discharge of firearms (such as noise, nuisance or public safety ordinances); however, those laws are subject to and cannot preempt State law concerning justified use of a firearm.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No	PC 46.01(9), PC 46.05	State law prohibits ownership outside of NFA compliance, calling possession while in compliance "a defense to prosecution."
Peaceable Journey laws?	Yes	Yes	PC 46.02, PC 46.15	A person may carry a loaded handgun without a permit while in or heading directly to a motor vehicle or watercraft they own or control. The statute does not specifically state the handgun must be concealed while heading to the vehicle or watercraft, and 46.02, which requires concealment of a handgun while in a motor vehicle or watercraft, is not applicable to a person while the person is traveling, pursuant to 46.15(b)(2).
Castle Doctrine?	Yes	Yes	PC 9.32	A person is presumed justified in using deadly force to protect themselves against an unlawful, forceful intrusion into their dwelling, or to prevent an unlawful, forceful attempt to remove a lawful occupant from the dwelling, or to prevent certain serious felonies such as burglary or arson. There is no duty to retreat from any place where the shooter has a legal right to be.
Stand Your Ground Law?	Yes	Yes	TPC 9.32	A person is allowed to use force to protect themselves from attackers.

Utah

Main article: Gun laws in Utah

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	-	Private sales legal, no waiting period.
Firearm registration?	No	No	–	None
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	–	None
Owner license required?	No	No	-	None
Carry permits issued?	Yes	Yes	-	Open carry allowed without permit and concealed carry of loaded firearm allowed with permit.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes		Open carry of loaded handguns and long guns is generally permitted without a license.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	-	Local authorities may regulate the discharge of firearms.
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No	-	Possession of NFA firearms in violation of federal law is a third degree felony under state law. However, possession and ownership of NFA firearms and items is legal under state law if federal requirements and laws are followed.
Peaceable Journey laws?	Yes	Yes	76-10-523	Persons exempt from weapons laws. (g) a nonresident traveling in or through the state, provided that any firearm is: unloaded; and securely encased as defined in Section 76-10-501. Handguns may be loaded in any vehicle under the person's control.
Castle Doctrine?	Yes	Yes	76-2-402	Force in defense of person—Forcible felony defined. A person is justified in threatening or using force against another when and to the extent that he or she reasonably believes that force is necessary to defend himself or a third person against such other's imminent use of unlawful force. However, that person is justified in using force intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily injury only if he or she reasonably believes that force is necessary to prevent death or serious bodily injury to himself or a third person as a result of the other's imminent use of unlawful force, or to prevent the commission of a forcible felony.
Stand Your Ground Law?	Yes	Yes	76-2-405	Force in defense of habitation. Non-lethal force is justified to prevent unlawful entry or attack upon the owner's habitation. Lethal force is justified only when the person defending the habitation reasonably believes it is necessary to prevent violence or prevent the commission of a felony; it may be employed against an intruder when the intruder poses a threat of violence "against any person, dwelling, or being in the habitation", or the person defending the habitation reasonably believes the purpose of entry is to commit a felony.

Vermont

Main article: Gun laws in Vermont

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	–
Firearm registration?	No	No	–
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	–
Magazine restriction?	No	No	-
Owner license required?	No	No	–
Carry permits issued?	No*	No*	–	*May carry open or concealed without permit as long as you are a citizen of the U.S. or a lawfully admitted alien.
Open carry?	Yes	Yes	-
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	-
NFA weapons restricted?	No*	No*	-	*All NFA weapons are allowed with the exception that silencers may not be sold or possessed

Virginia

Main article: Gun laws in Virginia

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No*	No*		*Automatic firearms are required to be registered with the state police.
Owner license required?	No*	No*		*Proof of age and citizenship required for the purchase of "assault weapons".
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	§ 18.2-308	Virginia is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes	§ 18.2-287.4. & § 18.2-282.	Open carry is permitted with the exception of "assault weapons" and shotguns with a 7+ round magazine in the cities of Alexandria, Chesapeake, Fairfax, Falls Church, Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond, and Virginia Beach and in the Counties of Arlington, Fairfax, Henrico, Loudoun, or Prince William. These restrictions do not apply to valid concealed carry permit holders. For open carry in a vehicle, the firearm must be clearly visible.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	§ 15.2-915	Virginia has state preemption for most but not all firearm laws.
"Assault weapon" law?	No*	No*		*Proof of age (18+ for long arms, 21+ for pistols) and proof of citizenship (or permanent residence license) are required for the purchase of "assault weapons". "Assault weapons" are defined as a semi-automatic, centerfire, firearm equipped with a folding/adjustable stock, equipped at the time with a magazine capable of holding 20+ rounds, or capable of accommodating a silencer/suppressor.
Magazine restriction?	No*	No*		*Magazines capable of holding 20+ rounds are legal but, they make the firearm an "assault weapon", subject to law accordingly.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes		Automatic firearms must be registered with the state police. Plastic firearms and SOME destructive devices (such as the striker 12 shotgun) are prohibited outside law enforcement. SBS, SBR, AOW's, and silencers are legal with NFA paperwork.

Washington

Main article: Gun laws in Washington

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	-
Firearm registration?	No	Partial	RCW 09.41.110(9)(a) and (b)	Retail dealers must record and report all retail pistol sales to local police/sheriff and to state department of licensing.
Owner license required?	No	No	-
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	-
Constitutional Right to Bear Arms?	Yes	Yes	WA Constitution art. 1 sec. 24
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes	RCW 09.41.050 CCW Reciprocity	Washington is a "shall-issue" state and will grant concealed carry permits to all applicants that meet the criteria. There are no training requirements.
Open carry?	Yes	Yes	RCW 09.41.050 (in vehicle)	Open carry is lawful in Washington without any permit. Open carry of a loaded handgun in a vehicle is legal only with a concealed pistol license. Open carry of a loaded long gun in a vehicle is illegal, regardless of CPL possession.
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	RCW 09.41.290 RCW 09.41.300	State Law does not allow more restrictive local laws.
NFA weapons restricted?	Yes	Yes	RCW 09.41.190 RCW 09.41.220 RCW 09.41.225 RCW 09.41.250(1)(c)	Machine guns and short-barreled rifles or shotguns are illegal for non-law-enforcement possession. Silencers are lawful to possess and use if registered properly with ATF.
Peaceable Journey laws?	No	No	RCW 09.41.050 RCW 09.41.060 18 USC § 926A CCW Reciprocity	Federal travel-with-a-firearm laws apply. Some out-of-state CCW licenses valid, otherwise carry must be open or, in a vehicle, unloaded.

West Virginia

Main article: Gun laws in West Virginia

Subject/Law	Long Guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Permit to purchase required?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	No	Yes		West Virginia is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry.
Open carry permitted?	No	Yes		Open carry is generally permitted, but some local restrictions are grandfathered in.
State preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes		Local laws in place before June 1, 1999 are valid.
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No

Wisconsin

Main article: Gun laws in Wisconsin

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
Constitutional Right to Bear Arms	Yes		1:22	"The people have the right to keep and bear arms for security, defense, hunting, recreation or any other lawful purpose."
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes	66.0409
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No	175.35	48 hour waiting period on handguns
Concealed carry license issued?	No	Yes	175.60	Permit is given on a shall-issue basis. May carry openly without a license (except in taxpayer-owned buildings, school zones, and "taverns").
Open carry permitted?	Yes	Yes		Open carry of loaded handguns and long guns is permitted without a license. Open carry is however not permitted in a vehicle.
Castle Doctrine/Self Defense Statutes	Yes		895.62	Immunity from prosecution and civil damages in the home, with conditions and exceptions
			939.48	No duty to retreat in the "dwelling" or owned/operated place of business. "Reasonable belief of grievous harm or death". No deadly force solely to protect property. No provocation. 3rd party protection.
			940.01	"the state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the facts constituting the defense did not exist in order to sustain a finding of guilt"
Firearm registration?	No	No	–
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No	–
Magazine restrictions?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No	941.29
NFA weapons restricted?	Machine Guns restricted, exceptions apply		941.298 941.26	Silencers, SBR, and SBS allowed if NFA rules followed, otherwise felony

Wyoming

Main article: Gun laws in Wyoming

Subject/Law	Long guns	Handguns	Relevant Statutes	Notes
State Permit to Purchase?	No	No
Firearm registration?	No	No
"Assault weapon" law?	No	No
Magazine Capacity Restriction?	No	No
Owner license required?	No	No
Carry permits issued?	Yes	Yes		May carry open or concealed without permit. Permits issued to those who wish to have them.
Open carry?	Yes	Yes
State Preemption of local restrictions?	Yes	Yes
NFA weapons restricted?	No	No

External links

• U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives – State Laws and Published Ordinances – Firearms
• National Rifle Association – State Firearms Laws
• Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence – Gun Laws by State
• USA Carry – Concealed Firearm Information and Resources
• CarryConcealed.net – Concealed carry laws and maps
• US Concealed Carry – Concealed carry laws, maps, and information
• OpenCarry.org – Open carry laws and maps
• Firearms Transport – Laws by state