Sulfadiazine
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682130 |
| Routes of administration | Topical cream, by mouth |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Protein binding | 38-48%[1] |
| Metabolism | Hepatic (acetylation)[1] |
| Elimination half-life | 7-17 hours [1] |
| Excretion | Urine [1] |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
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| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.623 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H10N4O2S |
| Molar mass | 250.278 g/mol g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 252 to 256 °C (486 to 493 °F) |
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Sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide antibiotic.[3] Used together with pyrimethamine, it is the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis.[4] It is a second line treatment for otitis media, prevention of rheumatic fever, chancroid, chlamydia and infections by Haemophilus influenzae. It is taken by mouth.[3]
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, fever, rash, depression, and pancreatitis.[3] It should not be used in people who have severe liver problems, kidney problems, or porphyria.[4] If used during pregnancy it may increase the risk of kernicterus in the baby.[3] Unlike other sulfonamides, sulfadiazine use is contraindicated in breastfeeding women.[2]
Sulfadiazine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1941.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[5] Sulfadiazine is available as a generic medication.[3] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 2.70 to 7.32 USD a month.[6] In the United States treatment costs more than 200 USD a month.[7]
Medical uses
It eliminates bacteria that cause infections by stopping the production of folate inside the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, and burns.
In combination, sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, can be used to treat toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii.
Mechanism of action
Sulfadiazine works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. In combination with pyrimethamine (a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor), sulfadiazine is used to treat active toxoplasmosis.
Side effects
Side effects reported for sulfadiazine include: nausea, upset stomach, loss of appetite, and dizziness.
Brand names
Lantrisul; Neotrizine; Sulfa-Triple #2; Sulfadiazine; Sulfaloid; Sulfonamides Duplex; Sulfose; Terfonyl; Triple Sulfa; Triple Sulfas; Triple Sulfoid
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "Sulfadiazine Monograph for Professionals | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ a b "Sulfadiazine Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f "Sulfadiazine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ a b WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. pp. 126, 205. ISBN 9789241547659. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "Sulfadiazine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 104. ISBN 9781284057560.