New Mexico Legislature: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Legislative branch of the state government of New Mexico}} |
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{{use mdy dates|date=March 2021}} |
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{{Infobox legislature |
{{Infobox legislature |
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| name = The State Legislature of New Mexico |
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| native_name = La Legislatura de Nuevo México |
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| native_name_lang = Spanish |
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| transcription_name = |
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| session_room = NewMexicoCapitol SantaFe.jpg |
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| legislature = |
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| coa_pic = Seal of the State Legislature of New Mexico.svg |
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| houses = [[New Mexico Senate|Senate]] <br>[[New Mexico House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] |
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| coa_res = 200px |
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| leader1_type = [[President of the Senate]] |
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| coa_alt = |
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| coa_caption = |
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| party1 = ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) |
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| logo_pic = |
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| logo_res = |
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| leader2_type = [[President Pro Tempore of the Senate|President Pro Tem of the Senate]] |
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| logo_alt = |
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| logo_caption = |
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| house_type = [[Bicameralism|Bicameral]] |
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| election2 = |
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| body = |
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| leader3_type = [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker of the House]] |
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| jurisdiction = |
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| houses = [[New Mexico Senate|Senate]]<br />[[New Mexico House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] |
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| party3 = ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |
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| term_limits = None |
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| foundation = |
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| last_election1 = November 2012 |
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| disbanded = <!--{{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}}--> |
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| preceded_by = |
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| political_groups1 = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]<br>[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]<br>[[Independent Party]] |
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| succeeded_by = |
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| meeting_place = [[New Mexico State Capitol|State Capitol]], [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] |
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| new_session = {{Start date|2023|01|17}} |
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| leader1_type = [[Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico|President of the Senate<br /><small>(Lt. Governor)</small>]] |
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| leader1 = [[Howie Morales]] |
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| party1 = ([[Democratic Party of New Mexico|D]]) |
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| election1 = {{Start date|2019|01|01}} |
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| leader2_type = [[President Pro Tempore|President pro tempore of the Senate]] |
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| leader2 = [[Mimi Stewart]] |
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| party2 = ([[Democratic Party of New Mexico|D]]) |
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| election2 = {{start date|2021|01|19}} |
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| leader3_type = [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker of the House]] |
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| leader3 = [[Javier Martínez (politician)|Javier Martínez]] |
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| party3 = ([[Democratic Party of New Mexico|D]]) |
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| election3 = {{start date|2023|01|17}} |
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| leader4_type = |
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| leader4 = |
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| party4 = |
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| election4 = |
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| leader5_type = |
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| leader5 = |
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| party5 = |
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| election5 = |
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| leader6_type = |
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| leader6 = |
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| party6 = |
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| election6 = |
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| leader7_type = |
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| leader7 = |
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| party7 = |
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| election7 = |
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| seats = 112 |
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| house1 = [[New Mexico Senate|Senate]] |
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| house2 = [[New Mexico House of Representatives|House]] |
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| structure1 = New Mexico Senate.svg |
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| structure1_res = 250px |
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| structure1_alt = |
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| structure2 = New Mexico House of Representatives 2022.svg |
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| structure2_res = 250px |
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| structure2_alt = |
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| political_groups1 ={{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap |
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| {{Color box|#0000FF|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Party of New Mexico|Democratic]] (27) |
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| {{Color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party of New Mexico|Republican]] (15) |
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}} |
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|political_groups2 ={{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap |
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| {{Color box|#0000FF|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Party of New Mexico|Democratic]] (45) |
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| {{Color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party of New Mexico|Republican]] (25) |
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}} |
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| committees1 = |
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| committees2 = |
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| joint_committees = |
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| term_length = [[New Mexico Senate|Senate]]: 4 years<br />[[New Mexico House of Representatives|House]]: 2 years |
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| authority = |
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| salary = $0/year + per diem |
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| seats1_title = State Senators |
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| seats1 = 42 |
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| seats2_title = State Representatives |
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| seats2 = 70 |
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| seats3_title = |
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| seats3 = |
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| seats4_title = |
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| seats4 = |
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| seats5_title = |
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| seats5 = |
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| seats6_title = |
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| seats6 = |
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| seats7_title = |
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| seats7 = |
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| seats8_title = |
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| seats8 = |
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| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]] |
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| voting_system2 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]] |
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| first_election1 = |
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| first_election2 = |
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| first_election3 = |
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| last_election1 = [[2020 New Mexico State Senate election|{{End date|2020|11|03}}]] |
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| last_election2 = [[2022 New Mexico House of Representatives election|{{End date|2022|11|08}}]] |
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| last_election3 = |
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| next_election1 = {{End date|2024|11|05}} |
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| next_election2 = {{End date|2024|11|05}} |
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| next_election3 = |
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| redistricting = Legislative control |
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| motto = ''Crescit eundo'' |
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| session_room = NewMexicoCapitol SantaFe.jpg |
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| session_res = 275px |
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| session_alt = |
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| meeting_place = [[New Mexico State Capitol]]<br />[[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] |
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| session_room2 = |
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| session_res2 = |
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| session_alt2 = |
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| meeting_place2 = |
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| website = {{URL|http://nmlegis.gov/}} |
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| constitution = [[Constitution of New Mexico]] |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''New Mexico Legislature''' is the [[legislative branch]] of the [[state government]] of [[New Mexico]]. It is a bicameral body made up of the [[New Mexico House of Representatives]] and the [[New Mexico Senate]]. |
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The '''New Mexico Legislature''' ({{lang-es|Legislatura de Nuevo México}}) is the [[legislative branch]] of the [[state government]] of [[New Mexico]]. It is a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[State legislature (United States)|body]] made up of the [[New Mexico House of Representatives]] and the [[New Mexico Senate]]. |
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==History== |
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{{Expand section|date=November 2016}} |
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The New Mexico Legislature was established when New Mexico officially became a state and was [[Admission to the Union|admitted to the union]] in 1912. |
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In 1922, [[Bertha M. Paxton]] became the first woman elected to the New Mexico Legislature, serving one term in the House of Representatives.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eisenstadt | first1 = Pauline | last2 = Belshaw | first2 = Jim | title = A Woman in Both Houses: My Career in New Mexico Politics | publisher = University of New Mexico Press | date = 2012 | isbn = 9780826350244 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mnuHrGKSqQgC&pg=PP1}}</ref> |
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==Session structure and operations== |
==Session structure and operations== |
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The Legislature meets every year, in regular session on the third Tuesday in January. The New Mexico Constitution limits the regular session to 60 calendar days, every other year it is 30 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/lcsdocs/sessionsdates.pdf |title=SESSION DATES |website=New Mexico Legislature |access-date=February 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615112954/https://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/lcsdocs/sessionsdates.pdf |archive-date=June 15, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico|lieutenant governor]] presides over the Senate, while the Speaker of the House is elected from that body in a closed-door majority-member caucus. Both have wide latitude in choosing committee membership in their respective houses and have a large impact on lawmaking in the state. |
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While only the Governor can call the Legislature into special sessions, the Legislature can call itself into an extraordinary session. There is no limit on the number of special sessions a governor can call. The New Mexico Constitution does not limit the duration of each special session; lawmakers may consider only those issues designated by the governor in the "call," or proclamation convening the special session (though other issues may be added by the Governor during a session).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/statutes.aspx |access-date=June 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505000622/http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/statutes.aspx |archive-date=May 5, 2012|title=New Mexico Statutes }}</ref> |
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The Legislature meets in regular session on the second Tuesday in January of each odd-numbered year. The New Mexico Constitution limits the regular session to 60 calendar days, every other year it is 30 days.<ref>http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/lcsdocs/sessionsdates.pdf</ref> The [[Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico|lieutenant governor]], elected statewide separately from the [[Governor of New Mexico|governor]], presides over the Senate, while the Speaker of the House is elected from that body in a closed door majority member caucus. Both have wide latitude in choosing committee membership in their respective houses and have a large impact on lawmaking in the state. |
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Any bill passed by the Legislature and signed by the governor takes effect 90 days after its passage unless two-thirds of each house votes to give the bill immediate effect, earlier effect (before 90 day period), or later effect (after 90 day period). |
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Only the Governor may call the Legislature into special sessions, unlike other states where the legislature may call itself into session. The Governor may call as many sessions as she wishes. The New Mexico Constitution does not limit the duration of each special session; lawmakers may consider only those issues designated by the Governor in her "call," or proclamation convening the special session (though other issues may be added by the Governor during a session).<ref>http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/statutes.aspx</ref> |
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==Compensation== |
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Any bill passed by the Legislature takes effect 90 days after its passage unless two-thirds of each house votes to give the bill either immediate effect or earlier effect. The Legislature, of course, may provide for an effective date that is after the 90th day. |
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New Mexico does not pay its legislators a base salary. Legislators receive per diem of $165 for work at the capitol or committee hearings during January and February, going up to $194 during March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/about-state-legislatures/2022-legislator-compensation.aspx|title=2022 Legislator Compensation|website=ncsl.org}}</ref> |
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== |
==Qualifications== |
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The state constitution requires representatives to be at least twenty-one years old and senators to be at least twenty-five, and members of both houses must live in the districts they represent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.realfile.rtsclients.com/PublicFiles/ee3072ab0d43456cb15a51f7d82c77a2/e9efe992-dc26-4e1c-9560-53e5d77ded4d/NM%20Constitution%202021%20SOS.pdf|format=PDF|title=Constitution (AS ADOPTED JANUARY 21, 1911, AND AS SUBSEQUENTLY AMENDED BY THE PEOPLE IN GENERAL AND SPECIAL ELECTIONS 1911 THROUGH 2021|website=Api.realfile.rtsclients.com|access-date=July 24, 2022}}</ref> |
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==Districting== |
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The legislature consists of 70 representatives and 42 senators. Each member of the House represents roughly 25,980 residents of [[New Mexico]]. Each member of the Senate represents roughly 43,300 residents. The [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] holds a majority in both the House and Senate. The [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] holds the Governor's office. |
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The legislature consists of 70 representatives and 42 senators. Each member of the House represents roughly 25,980 residents of [[New Mexico]]. Each member of the Senate represents roughly 43,300 residents. Currently the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] holds a majority in both of the chambers of New Mexico Legislature, and holds the Governor's office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nmlegis.gov/Members/Political_Composition|title=Political Composition|publisher=Nmlegia.gov}}</ref> |
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===Redistricting=== |
===Redistricting=== |
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In 2021, Senate Bill 304 established the Citizen Redistricting Committee. The committee is to develop three redistricting plans to recommend to the Legislature for each of the following: U.S. House of Representatives, New Mexico House of Representatives, New Mexico Senate, and any other state offices requiring redistricting. As of the summer of 2021, the latter consisted of only the New Mexico Public Education Commission. The Legislature is still free to make its own redistricting plans.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/21%20Regular/final/SB0304.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=August 8, 2021 |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725072941/https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/21%20Regular/final/SB0304.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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A legislative committee is assigned by the governor to meet every 10 years based on the outcome of the [[US Census]] to redistrict the boundaries of districts for the state legislature, and [[congressional districts]].<ref>http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/redcensus/</ref> |
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===Term limits=== |
===Term limits=== |
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Currently, there are no term limits for legislators. The longest current member of the legislature has served since 1972.{{cn|date=February 2023}} House members are elected every two years, while Senate members are elected every four years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crcmich.org/PUBLICAT/2000s/2007/note200703.pdf |access-date=June 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225194736/https://crcmich.org/PUBLICAT/2000s/2007/note200703.pdf |archive-date=December 25, 2010|title=LEGISLATIVE TERM LIMITS AND FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME LEGISLATURES }}</ref> |
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Currently, there are no term limits for legislators. The longest current member of the legislature has served since the 1970s. House members are elected every 2 years, while Senate members are elected every 4 years.<ref>http://crcmich.org/PUBLICAT/2000s/2007/note200703.pdf</ref> |
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==Party summary== |
==Party summary== |
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===State Senate=== |
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===[[New Mexico State Senate|State Senate]]=== |
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[[Image:Senatenm.svg|thumb|'''Senate Party standings''' |
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{{legend|#0000FF|27 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s}} |
{{legend|#0000FF|27 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s}} |
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{{legend|#E42217|15 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]s}} |
{{legend|#E42217|15 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]s}} |
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{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |
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|- |
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
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!rowspan=3|Affiliation |
!rowspan=3|Affiliation |
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!colspan=2|Party <div style="font-size:80%">(Shading indicates majority caucus)</div> |
!colspan=2|Party <div style="font-size:80%">(Shading indicates majority caucus)</div> |
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!rowspan=3|Total |
!rowspan=3|Total |
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! |
! |
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|-style="height:5px" |
|- style="height:5px" |
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|{{ |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | |
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|{{ |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" | |
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| style="background: |
| style="background-color:black"| |
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|- |
|- |
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![[New Mexico Democratic Party|Democratic]] |
![[New Mexico Democratic Party|Democratic]] |
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Line 70: | Line 168: | ||
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!nowrap style="font-size:80%"|End of previous legislature |
!nowrap style="font-size:80%"|End of previous legislature |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}}| |
|{{party shading/Democratic}}| 27 |
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| |
| 15 |
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! 42 |
! 42 |
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|0 |
|0 |
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Line 77: | Line 175: | ||
| colspan=5| |
| colspan=5| |
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|- |
|- |
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!nowrap style="font-size:80%"| |
!nowrap style="font-size:80%"|Jan 1, 2015 - Mar 14, 2015 |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} |
|{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''25''' |
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| |
| 17 |
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! 42 |
! 42 |
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|0 |
|0 |
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|- |
|- |
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!nowrap style="font-size:80%"| |
!nowrap style="font-size:80%"|Mar 14, 2015 - Apr 5, 2015 |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''24''' |
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| 14 |
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| 17 |
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! 41 |
! 41 |
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|1 |
|1 |
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|- |
|- |
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!nowrap style="font-size:80%"| |
!nowrap style="font-size:80%"|Apr 5, 2015 – Jan 17, 2017 |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''24''' |
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| 15 |
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| 18 |
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! 42 |
! 42 |
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|0 |
|0 |
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|- |
|- |
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!nowrap style="font-size:80%"|Jan 17, 2017 – Jan 19, 2021 |
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!Latest voting share |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''26''' |
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| 16 |
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!35.7%<!--15/42--> |
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! 42 |
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!colspan=2| |
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|0 |
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|- |
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!nowrap style="font-size:80%"|Jan 19, 2021 – present |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''27''' |
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| 15 |
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! 42 |
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|0 |
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|} |
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=== |
===House of Representatives=== |
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{{legend|#0000FF|44 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s}} |
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{{legend|#E42217|24 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]s}} |
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{{legend|#DDDDBB|2 [[Independent politician|Independent]]s}} |
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{{legend|#FFFFFF|1 vacancy}} |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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[[Image:Arched.svg|thumb|'''House Party standings''' |
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|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
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{{legend|#0000FF|38 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s}} |
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! rowspan="3" |Affiliation |
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{{legend|#E42217|32 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]s}}]] |
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! colspan="3" |Party <div style="font-size:80%">(Shading indicates majority caucus)</div> |
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! rowspan="3" |Total |
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{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |
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|-valign=bottom |
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!rowspan=3|Affiliation |
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!colspan=3|Party <div style="font-size:80%">(Shading indicates majority caucus)</div> |
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!rowspan=3|Total |
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! |
! |
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|-style="height:5px" |
|- style="height:5px" |
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|{{ |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | |
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|{{ |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent (United States)}}" | |
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|{{ |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" | |
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| |
| style="background-color:black;" | |
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|- |
|- |
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![[New Mexico Democratic Party|Democratic]] |
![[New Mexico Democratic Party|Democratic]] |
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Line 122: | Line 229: | ||
!Vacant |
!Vacant |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! style="font-size:80%" |51st legislature |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} |'''38''' |
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|0 |
|0 |
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| |
| 32 |
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! 70 |
! 70 |
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| 0 |
| 0 |
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|- |
|- |
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|colspan=5| |
| colspan="5" | |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! style="font-size:80%" |52nd legislature |
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| 33 |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}}| 37 |
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| 0 |
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| {{party shading/Republican}} |'''37''' |
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! 70 |
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| 0 |
| 0 |
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| rowspan=2|33 |
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! rowspan=2|70 |
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| rowspan=2|0 |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="5" | |
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!nowrap style="font-size:80%"|January 26, 2011<ref>Democrat Andrew Nunez (District 36) [[Party switching in the United States|switches parties]] to Independent.</ref> |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}}| 36 |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}}| 1 |
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|- |
|- |
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! style="font-size:80%" |53rd legislature |
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!Latest voting share |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} |'''38''' |
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| 0 |
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!47.1%<!--33/70--> |
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| 32 |
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!colspan=3| |
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! 70 |
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| 0 |
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|- |
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| colspan="5" | |
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| |
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|- |
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! style="font-size:80%" |54th legislature |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} |'''46''' |
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|1 |
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|23 |
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!70 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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! style="font-size:80%" |55th legislature |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} |'''43''' |
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|2 |
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|24 |
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!69 |
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|1 |
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|- |
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! style="font-size:80%" |56th legislature |
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|{{party shading/Democratic}} |'''45''' |
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|0 |
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|25 |
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!70 |
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|0 |
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|} |
|} |
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===History=== |
===History=== |
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{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |
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|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
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|- valign=bottom |
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! rowspan=2 | Session |
! rowspan=2 | Session |
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! rowspan=2 | Years |
! rowspan=2 | Years |
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! rowspan= |
! rowspan="1000" | |
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! colspan=4 | House |
! colspan=4 | House |
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! rowspan= |
! rowspan="1000" | |
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! colspan=4 | Senate |
! colspan=4 | Senate |
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! rowspan= |
! rowspan="1000" | |
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! rowspan=2 | Governor |
! rowspan=2 | Governor |
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|- |
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
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! Total |
! Total |
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! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats |
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats |
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Line 419: | Line 549: | ||
| - |
| - |
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|- |
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
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! rowspan=2 | Session |
! rowspan=2 | Session |
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! rowspan=2 | Years |
! rowspan=2 | Years |
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Line 426: | Line 556: | ||
! rowspan=2 | Governor |
! rowspan=2 | Governor |
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|- |
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
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! Total |
! Total |
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! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats |
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats |
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Line 631: | Line 761: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | 70 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | 70 |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | 41 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | 41 |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | '''29''' |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | '''29'''{{efn|Coalition of 11 Democrats and 29 Republicans controlled the House Majority}} |
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| rowspan=2 | - |
| rowspan=2 | - |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | 42 |
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Line 649: | Line 779: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | 70 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | 70 |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | 41 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | 41 |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | '''29''' |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | '''29'''{{efn|Coalition of 10 Democrats and 27 Republicans controlled the House Majority}} |
||
| rowspan=2 | - |
| rowspan=2 | - |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | 42 |
||
Line 684: | Line 814: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=3 | 70 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=3 | 70 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=3 | 43 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=3 | 43 |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=3 | '''27''' |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=3 | '''27'''{{efn|Coalition of 10 Democrats and 26 Republicans controlled the House Majority}} |
||
| rowspan=3 | - |
| rowspan=3 | - |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | 42 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 21 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 21 |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''21''' |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''21'''{{efn|Coalition of 4 Democrats and 21 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority until one of the Democrats switched parties in late 1985, giving the Republicans outright control}} |
||
| - |
| - |
||
Line 698: | Line 828: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''20''' |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''20'''{{efn|Coalition of 4 Republicans and 19 Democrats controlled the Senate Majority in the 37th Session's special legislative session in September 1986.}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 22 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 22 |
||
Line 709: | Line 839: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''21''' |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''21'''{{efn|Coalition of 3 Republicans and 21 Democrats controlled the Senate Majority}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 21 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 21 |
||
| - |
| - |
||
Line 720: | Line 850: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 21 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 21 |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''21''' |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''21'''{{efn|Coalition of 5 Democrats and 18 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority beginning in January 1988}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 739: | Line 869: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
||
! rowspan=2 | Session |
! rowspan=2 | Session |
||
! rowspan=2 | Years |
! rowspan=2 | Years |
||
Line 746: | Line 876: | ||
! rowspan=2 | Governor |
! rowspan=2 | Governor |
||
|- |
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
||
! Total |
! Total |
||
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats |
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats |
||
Line 827: | Line 957: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 24 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 24 |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''18''' |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''18'''{{efn|Coalition of 3 Democrats and 18 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority}} |
||
| - |
| - |
||
Line 876: | Line 1,006: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 27 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 27 |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''15''' |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''15'''{{efn|name=Coalition|Coalition of 8 Democrats and 15 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority}} |
||
| - |
| - |
||
Line 888: | Line 1,018: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42 |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 27 |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 27 |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''15''' |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''15'''{{efn|name=Coalition}} |
||
| - |
| - |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan= |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[Susana Martinez]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 51st |
| 51st |
||
| 2013-2014 |
| 2013-2014 |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 70 |
|||
| 70 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''38''' |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 32 |
||
| |
| - |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42 |
|||
| 42 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''25''' |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 17 |
||
| |
| - |
||
|- |
|||
|- valign=top |
|||
| 52nd |
|||
| 2015-2016 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 70 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 33 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''37''' |
|||
| - |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''24''' |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 18 |
|||
| - |
|||
|- |
|||
| 53rd |
|||
| 2017-2018 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 70 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''38''' |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 32 |
|||
| - |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''26''' |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 16 |
|||
| - |
|||
|- |
|||
|54th |
|||
|2019-2020 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 70 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''46''' |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 24 |
|||
| - |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} |42 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''26''' |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 16 |
|||
| - |
|||
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Michelle Lujan Grisham]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|55th |
|||
|2021-2022 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 70 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''44''' |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 24 |
|||
| 2 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} |42 |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''27''' |
|||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 15 |
|||
| - |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" |
|||
! rowspan=2 | Session |
! rowspan=2 | Session |
||
! rowspan=2 | Years |
! rowspan=2 | Years |
||
Line 916: | Line 1,092: | ||
! Others |
! Others |
||
! rowspan=2 | Governor |
! rowspan=2 | Governor |
||
|- |
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
||
! colspan=4 | House |
! colspan=4 | House |
||
! colspan=4 | Senate |
! colspan=4 | Senate |
||
|} |
|} |
||
== |
==Notes== |
||
{{notelist}} |
|||
{{commons category|Government of New Mexico}} |
|||
* [http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/ New Mexico Legislature] official website |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==External links== |
|||
{{commons category|Government of New Mexico}} |
|||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218002016/http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/ New Mexico Legislature] official website |
|||
{{-}} |
|||
{{New Mexico State Senators}} |
{{New Mexico State Senators}} |
||
{{New Mexico House of Representatives}} |
{{New Mexico House of Representatives}} |
||
{{United States legislatures}} |
{{United States legislatures}} |
||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Government of New Mexico]] |
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[[Category:New Mexico Legislature| ]] |
[[Category:New Mexico Legislature| ]] |
||
[[Category:Government of New Mexico]] |
|||
[[Category:Bicameral legislatures]] |
[[Category:Bicameral legislatures]] |
Revision as of 04:45, 14 April 2024
The State Legislature of New Mexico La Legislatura de Nuevo México | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Type | |
Type | |
Houses | Senate House of Representatives |
Term limits | None |
History | |
New session started | January 17, 2023 |
Leadership | |
Structure | |
Seats | 112 |
![]() | |
Senate political groups |
|
![]() | |
House political groups |
|
Length of term | Senate: 4 years House: 2 years |
Salary | $0/year + per diem |
State Senators | 42 |
State Representatives | 70 |
Elections | |
First-past-the-post | |
First-past-the-post | |
Last Senate election | November 3, 2020 |
Last House election | November 8, 2022 |
Next Senate election | November 5, 2024 |
Next House election | November 5, 2024 |
Redistricting | Legislative control |
Motto | |
Crescit eundo | |
Meeting place | |
![]() | |
New Mexico State Capitol Santa Fe | |
Website | |
nmlegis | |
Constitution | |
Constitution of New Mexico |
The New Mexico Legislature (Spanish: Legislatura de Nuevo México) is the legislative branch of the state government of New Mexico. It is a bicameral body made up of the New Mexico House of Representatives and the New Mexico Senate.
History
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2016) |
The New Mexico Legislature was established when New Mexico officially became a state and was admitted to the union in 1912. In 1922, Bertha M. Paxton became the first woman elected to the New Mexico Legislature, serving one term in the House of Representatives.[1]
Session structure and operations
The Legislature meets every year, in regular session on the third Tuesday in January. The New Mexico Constitution limits the regular session to 60 calendar days, every other year it is 30 days.[2] The lieutenant governor presides over the Senate, while the Speaker of the House is elected from that body in a closed-door majority-member caucus. Both have wide latitude in choosing committee membership in their respective houses and have a large impact on lawmaking in the state.
While only the Governor can call the Legislature into special sessions, the Legislature can call itself into an extraordinary session. There is no limit on the number of special sessions a governor can call. The New Mexico Constitution does not limit the duration of each special session; lawmakers may consider only those issues designated by the governor in the "call," or proclamation convening the special session (though other issues may be added by the Governor during a session).[3]
Any bill passed by the Legislature and signed by the governor takes effect 90 days after its passage unless two-thirds of each house votes to give the bill immediate effect, earlier effect (before 90 day period), or later effect (after 90 day period).
Compensation
New Mexico does not pay its legislators a base salary. Legislators receive per diem of $165 for work at the capitol or committee hearings during January and February, going up to $194 during March.[4]
Qualifications
The state constitution requires representatives to be at least twenty-one years old and senators to be at least twenty-five, and members of both houses must live in the districts they represent.[5]
Districting
The legislature consists of 70 representatives and 42 senators. Each member of the House represents roughly 25,980 residents of New Mexico. Each member of the Senate represents roughly 43,300 residents. Currently the Democratic Party holds a majority in both of the chambers of New Mexico Legislature, and holds the Governor's office.[6]
Redistricting
In 2021, Senate Bill 304 established the Citizen Redistricting Committee. The committee is to develop three redistricting plans to recommend to the Legislature for each of the following: U.S. House of Representatives, New Mexico House of Representatives, New Mexico Senate, and any other state offices requiring redistricting. As of the summer of 2021, the latter consisted of only the New Mexico Public Education Commission. The Legislature is still free to make its own redistricting plans.[7]
Term limits
Currently, there are no term limits for legislators. The longest current member of the legislature has served since 1972.[citation needed] House members are elected every two years, while Senate members are elected every four years.[8]
Party summary
State Senate
Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Republican | Vacant | ||
End of previous legislature | 27 | 15 | 42 | 0 |
Jan 1, 2015 - Mar 14, 2015 | 25 | 17 | 42 | 0 |
Mar 14, 2015 - Apr 5, 2015 | 24 | 17 | 41 | 1 |
Apr 5, 2015 – Jan 17, 2017 | 24 | 18 | 42 | 0 |
Jan 17, 2017 – Jan 19, 2021 | 26 | 16 | 42 | 0 |
Jan 19, 2021 – present | 27 | 15 | 42 | 0 |
House of Representatives
Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ind | Republican | Vacant | ||
51st legislature | 38 | 0 | 32 | 70 | 0 |
52nd legislature | 33 | 0 | 37 | 70 | 0 |
53rd legislature | 38 | 0 | 32 | 70 | 0 |
54th legislature | 46 | 1 | 23 | 70 | 0 |
55th legislature | 43 | 2 | 24 | 69 | 1 |
56th legislature | 45 | 0 | 25 | 70 | 0 |
History
Session | Years | House | Senate | Governor | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Democrats | Republicans | Others | Total | Democrats | Republicans | Others | ||||||
1st | 1912–1914 | 49 | 16 | 30 | 3 | 24 | 7 | 16 | 1 | William W. McDonald | |||
2nd | 1915-1916 | 49 | 14 | 33 | 2 | 24 | 7 | 16 | 1 | ||||
3rd | 1917-1918 | 49 | 19 | 30 | - | 24 | 10 | 14 | - | Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca | |||
Washington E. Lindsey | |||||||||||||
4th | 1919-1920 | 49 | 15 | 34 | - | 24 | 9 | 15 | - | Octaviano Larrazolo | |||
5th | 1921-1922 | 49 | 15 | 34 | - | 24 | 9 | 15 | - | Merritt C. Mechem | |||
6th | 1923-1924 | 49 | 33 | 16 | - | 24 | 9 | 15 | - | James F. Hinkle | |||
7th | 1925-1926 | 49 | 28 | 21 | - | 24 | 11 | 13 | - | Arthur T. Hannett | |||
8th | 1927-1928 | 49 | 18 | 31 | - | 24 | 11 | 13 | - | Richard C. Dillon | |||
9th | 1929-1930 | 49 | 12 | 37 | - | 24 | 6 | 18 | |||||
10th | 1931-1932 | 49 | 28 | 21 | - | 24 | 8 | 16 | - | Arthur Seligman | |||
11th | 1933-1934 | 49 | 41 | 8 | - | 24 | 20 | 4 | - | ||||
42 | 7 | - | Andrew W. Hockenhull | ||||||||||
12th | 1935-1936 | 49 | 38 | 12 | - | 24 | 18 | 6 | - | Clyde Tingley | |||
13th | 1937-1938 | 49 | 47 | 2 | - | 24 | 23 | 1 | - | ||||
14th | 1939-1940 | 49 | 42 | 7 | - | 24 | 23 | 1 | - | John E. Miles | |||
15th | 1941-1942 | 49 | 40 | 9 | - | 24 | 21 | 3 | - | ||||
16th | 1943-1944 | 49 | 33 | 16 | - | 24 | 21 | 3 | - | John J. Dempsey | |||
17th | 1945-1946 | 49 | 30 | 19 | - | 24 | 18 | 6 | - | ||||
18th | 1947-1948 | 49 | 30 | 19 | - | 24 | 18 | 6 | - | Thomas J. Mabry | |||
19th | 1949-1950 | 49 | 36 | 13 | - | 24 | 19 | 5 | - | ||||
Session | Years | House | Senate | Governor | |||||||||
Total | Democrats | Republicans | Others | Total | Democrats | Republicans | Others | ||||||
20th | 1951-1952 | 55 | 46 | 9 | - | 24 | 18 | 6 | - | Edwin L. Mechem | |||
21st | 1953-1954 | 55 | 27 | 28 | - | 31 | 22 | 9 | - | ||||
22nd | 1955-1956 | 55 | 51 | 4 | - | 32 | 23 | 9 | - | John F. Simms | |||
23rd | 1957-1958 | 66 | 43 | 23 | - | 32 | 24 | 8 | - | Edwin L. Mechem | |||
24th | 1959-1960 | 66 | 60 | 6 | - | 32 | 24 | 8 | - | John Burroughs | |||
25th | 1961-1962 | 66 | 59 | 7 | - | 32 | 28 | 4 | - | Edwin L. Mechem | |||
Tom Bolack | |||||||||||||
26th | 1963-1964 | 66 | 55 | 11 | - | 32 | 28 | 4 | - | Jack M. Campbell | |||
27th | 1965-1966 | 77 | 59 | 18 | - | 32 | 28 | 4 | - | ||||
28th | 1967-1968 | 70 | 45 | 25 | - | 42 | 25 | 17 | - | David F. Cargo | |||
29th | 1969-1970 | 70 | 44 | 26 | - | 42 | 25 | 17 | - | ||||
30th | 1971-1972 | 70 | 48 | 22 | - | 42 | 28 | 14 | - | Bruce King | |||
31st | 1973-1974 | 70 | 51 | 19 | - | 42 | 30 | 12 | - | ||||
50 | 20 | - | |||||||||||
32nd | 1975-1976 | 70 | 51 | 19 | - | 42 | 29 | 13 | - | Jerry Apodaca | |||
30 | 12 | - | |||||||||||
33rd | 1977-1978 | 70 | 48 | 22 | - | 42 | 33 | 9 | - | ||||
34th | 1979-1980 | 70 | 41 | 29[a] | - | 42 | 33 | 9 | - | Bruce King | |||
32 | 10 | - | |||||||||||
35th | 1981-1982 | 70 | 41 | 29[b] | - | 42 | 22 | 20 | - | ||||
23 | 19 | - | |||||||||||
36th | 1983-1984 | 70 | 46 | 24 | - | 42 | 23 | 19 | - | Toney Anaya | |||
47 | 23 | - | |||||||||||
37th | 1985-1986 | 70 | 43 | 27[c] | - | 42 | 21 | 21[d] | - | ||||
20 | 22 | - | |||||||||||
42 | 20[e] | 22 | |||||||||||
38th | 1987-1988 | 70 | 47 | 23 | - | 42 | 21[f] | 21 | - | Garrey Carruthers | |||
46 | 24 | - | 42 | 21 | 21[g] | ||||||||
39th | 1989-1990 | 70 | 45 | 25 | - | 42 | 26 | 16 | - | ||||
25 | 17 | - | |||||||||||
Session | Years | House | Senate | Governor | |||||||||
Total | Democrats | Republicans | Others | Total | Democrats | Republicans | Others | ||||||
40th | 1991-1992 | 70 | 49 | 21 | - | 42 | 26 | 16 | - | Bruce King | |||
41st | 1993-1994 | 70 | 53 | 17 | - | 42 | 27 | 15 | - | ||||
42nd | 1995-1996 | 70 | 46 | 24 | - | 42 | 27 | 15 | - | Gary Johnson | |||
43rd | 1997-1998 | 70 | 42 | 28 | - | 42 | 25 | 17 | - | ||||
44th | 1999-2000 | 70 | 40 | 30 | - | 42 | 25 | 17 | - | ||||
45th | 2001-2002 | 70 | 42 | 28 | - | 42 | 24 | 18[h] | - | ||||
46th | 2003-2004 | 70 | 43 | 27 | - | 42 | 24 | 18 | - | Bill Richardson | |||
47th | 2005-2006 | 70 | 42 | 28 | - | 42 | 24 | 18 | - | ||||
48th | 2007-2008 | 70 | 42 | 28 | - | 42 | 24 | 18 | - | ||||
49th | 2009-2010 | 70 | 45 | 25 | - | 42 | 27 | 15[i] | - | ||||
50th | 2011-2012 | 70 | 36 | 33 | 1 | 42 | 27 | 15[i] | - | Susana Martinez | |||
51st | 2013-2014 | 70 | 38 | 32 | - | 42 | 25 | 17 | - | ||||
52nd | 2015-2016 | 70 | 33 | 37 | - | 42 | 24 | 18 | - | ||||
53rd | 2017-2018 | 70 | 38 | 32 | - | 42 | 26 | 16 | - | ||||
54th | 2019-2020 | 70 | 46 | 24 | - | 42 | 26 | 16 | - | Michelle Lujan Grisham | |||
55th | 2021-2022 | 70 | 44 | 24 | 2 | 42 | 27 | 15 | - | ||||
Session | Years | Total | Democrats | Republicans | Others | Total | Democrats | Republicans | Others | Governor | |||
House | Senate |
Notes
- ^ Coalition of 11 Democrats and 29 Republicans controlled the House Majority
- ^ Coalition of 10 Democrats and 27 Republicans controlled the House Majority
- ^ Coalition of 10 Democrats and 26 Republicans controlled the House Majority
- ^ Coalition of 4 Democrats and 21 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority until one of the Democrats switched parties in late 1985, giving the Republicans outright control
- ^ Coalition of 4 Republicans and 19 Democrats controlled the Senate Majority in the 37th Session's special legislative session in September 1986.
- ^ Coalition of 3 Republicans and 21 Democrats controlled the Senate Majority
- ^ Coalition of 5 Democrats and 18 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority beginning in January 1988
- ^ Coalition of 3 Democrats and 18 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority
- ^ a b Coalition of 8 Democrats and 15 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority
References
- ^ Eisenstadt, Pauline; Belshaw, Jim (2012). A Woman in Both Houses: My Career in New Mexico Politics. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826350244.
- ^ "SESSION DATES" (PDF). New Mexico Legislature. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 15, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
- ^ "New Mexico Statutes". Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ "2022 Legislator Compensation". ncsl.org.
- ^ "Constitution (AS ADOPTED JANUARY 21, 1911, AND AS SUBSEQUENTLY AMENDED BY THE PEOPLE IN GENERAL AND SPECIAL ELECTIONS 1911 THROUGH 2021" (PDF). Api.realfile.rtsclients.com. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ "Political Composition". Nmlegia.gov.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "LEGISLATIVE TERM LIMITS AND FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME LEGISLATURES" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 25, 2010. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- New Mexico Legislature official website