University Circle: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, United States}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2017}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|name = |
|name = |
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|official_name = University Circle |
|official_name = University Circle |
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|settlement_type = Neighborhoods of Cleveland |
|settlement_type = [[Neighborhoods in Cleveland|Neighborhood of Cleveland]] |
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|image_skyline = Cleveland |
|image_skyline = Cleveland U Circle.png |
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|imagesize = |
|imagesize = 200px |
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|image_caption = |
|image_caption = |
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|image_map = |
|image_map = Cleveland City Neighborhoods - University.png |
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|mapsize = |
|mapsize = |
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|map_caption = |
|map_caption = |
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|subdivision_name3 = [[Cleveland]] |
|subdivision_name3 = [[Cleveland]] |
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<!-- Population --> |
<!-- Population --> |
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|population_as_of = [[United States Census, |
|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2020|2020]] |
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|population_footnotes = <ref name="demographics">{{cite web |title=Cleveland Neighborhoods and Wards: University Neighborhood Factsheet (2021)|url=https://www.communitysolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/University-1.pdf|publisher=The Center for Community Solutions (Cleveland)|access-date=June 3, 2022}}</ref> |
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|population_footnotes = |
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|population_total = 7,661 |
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|population_note = 12.1% increase from 1990 Census |
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|population_total = 9,469 |
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|population_density_km2 = auto |
|population_density_km2 = auto |
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|demographics_type1 =[[Demographics]] |
|demographics_type1 =[[Demographics of Cleveland|Demographics]]<ref name="demographics"/> |
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|demographics1_footnotes = |
|demographics1_footnotes = |
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|demographics1_title1 =[[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|White]] |
|demographics1_title1 =[[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|White]] |
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|demographics1_info1 = |
|demographics1_info1 =56.4% |
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|demographics1_title2 =Black |
|demographics1_title2 =Black |
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|demographics1_info2 = |
|demographics1_info2 =21.6% |
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|demographics1_title3 =Hispanic |
|demographics1_title3 =Hispanic (of any race) |
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|demographics1_info3 = |
|demographics1_info3 =3% |
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|demographics1_title4 =Asian |
|demographics1_title4 =Asian and Pacific Islander |
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|demographics1_info4 = |
|demographics1_info4 =17.7% |
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|demographics1_title5 =Other |
|demographics1_title5 =Mixed and Other |
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|demographics1_info5 = |
|demographics1_info5 =4.3% |
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<!-- General information --> |
<!-- General information --> |
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|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|EST]] |
|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|EST]] |
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|postal_code = 44106 |
|postal_code = 44106 |
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|area_code =216 |
|area_code =216 |
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|blank_name = [[Household income in the United States|Median income]] |
|blank_name = [[Household income in the United States|Median income]]<ref name="demographics"/> |
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|blank_info = [[United States dollar|$]] |
|blank_info = [[United States dollar|$]]17,194 |
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|website = |
|website = |
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|footnotes = Source: |
|footnotes = Source: 2020 U.S. Census, City Planning Commission of Cleveland <ref>{{cite web |title = University Neighborhood Fact Sheet |url = http://planning.city.cleveland.oh.us/census/factsheets/spa30.pdf |publisher = Cleveland City Planning Commission |access-date = January 5, 2011 |archive-date = May 5, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120505055155/http://planning.city.cleveland.oh.us/census/factsheets/spa30.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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|coordinates = {{coord|41|30|31|N|81|36|19|W|type:city|display=inline,title}} |
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}} |
}} |
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'''University Circle''' |
'''University Circle''' is a district in the [[Neighborhoods in Cleveland|neighborhood]] of '''University''' on the East Side of [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]]. It is home to the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]], [[Severance Hall]] (home to the [[Cleveland Orchestra]]), the [[Cleveland Institute of Art]], the [[Cleveland Cinematheque]], [[Case Western Reserve University]], the [[Cleveland Institute of Music]], the [[Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland]], the [[Cleveland Botanical Garden]], historic [[Lake View Cemetery]], the [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]], and [[University Hospitals of Cleveland|University Hospitals/Case Medical Center]]. |
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Encompassing approximately {{convert|550|acre|ha}} the University neighborhood is bordered to the north by the [[Glenville, Cleveland|Glenville]] neighborhood, to the south by the [[Shaker Square|Buckeye-Shaker]] neighborhood, to the west and southwest by the neighborhoods of [[Hough, Cleveland|Hough]] and [[Fairfax, Cleveland|Fairfax]] (also known as Midtown) and to the east by the cities of [[East Cleveland, Ohio|East Cleveland]] and [[Cleveland Heights, Ohio|Cleveland Heights]]. University Circle is member of the [[Global Cultural Districts Network]]. |
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While the population of University Circle ranks on the lower end of Cleveland's 36 defined Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs), it ranks near the top in importance to the city's economic sector. Neighborhood businesses and institutions provide the city with more than 30,000 jobs in a variety of fields, including averaging 1,000 new jobs per year since 2005.<ref>http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2011/11/university_circle_forges_ahead.html</ref> Nearby attractions draw approximately 2.5 million visitors annually.<ref>http://www.universitycircle.org/uci/advocacy/marketing-and-communications</ref> As the neighborhood's name implies, higher learning is a major part of the culture of University Circle, with over 13,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attending the areas various institutions. University Circle Inc., a [[not-for-profit]] corporation established in 1957, serves as the neighborhood [[chamber of commerce]], providing many administrative and quasi-governmental functions for the area, including security, transportation administration, and marketing.<ref name="universitycircle1"/> |
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While the population of University Circle ranks on the lower end of Cleveland's 36 defined Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs), it ranks near the top in importance to the city's economic sector. Neighborhood businesses and institutions provide the city with more than 30,000 jobs in a variety of fields, including averaging 1,000 new jobs per year since 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cleveland.com/opinion/2011/11/university_circle_forges_ahead.html|title=University Circle forges ahead: editorial|first=The|last=Plain|date=November 26, 2011|website=cleveland.com}}</ref> Nearby attractions draw approximately 2.5 million visitors annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universitycircle.org/uci/advocacy/marketing-and-communications |title=Advocacy - Marketing & Communications | University Circle |website=www.universitycircle.org |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202022932/http://www.universitycircle.org/uci/advocacy/marketing-and-communications |archive-date=2 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> As the neighborhood's name implies, higher learning is a major part of the culture of University Circle, with over 13,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attending the area's various institutions. University Circle Inc., a [[not-for-profit]] corporation established in 1957, serves as the neighborhood [[chamber of commerce]], providing many administrative and quasi-governmental functions for the area, including security, transportation administration, and marketing.<ref name="universitycircle1">{{cite web |url = http://www.universitycircle.org/ |title = Find Yourself in the Circle |publisher = University Circle |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> University Circle has its own full-service police department to provide security and patrol the area.<ref name="ucpd">{{cite web|url=https://www.universitycircle.org/about-us/services/university-circle-police-department|title=University Circle Police Department|publisher=universitycircle.org|access-date=September 4, 2019}}</ref> |
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==Little Italy== |
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[[Image:Cleveland's Little Italy.jpg|thumb|left|One of Little Italy's best known culinary landmarks, Presti's Bakery, sits at the corner of Mayfield and Coltman]] |
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'''Little Italy''' (known locally as "Murray Hill" or "The Hill")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clevelandlittleitaly.com/about/ |title=About |publisher=Cleveland Little Italy |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> is an [[ethnic neighborhood|ethnic enclave]] that serves as the historic center of Cleveland's [[Italian American]] community. It is located from E. 119th to E. 125th streets on Murray Hill and Mayfield roads, situated at the city limits' eastern edge, along a long, moderately sloping grade that ascends in elevation approximately 300 feet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:1205774897574425::NO::P3_FID:1066654 |title=GNIS Detail - Cleveland |publisher=Geonames.usgs.gov |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> It is bounded to the east and south by suburban [[Cleveland Heights, Ohio|Cleveland Heights]], to the northeast by [[Lakeview Cemetery]], and to the west by [[CSX Railroad]] tracks, which separates it from the rest of University Circle. |
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==Media coverage== |
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===Points and events of interest=== |
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Little Italy is known for its several culinary, historic, and cultural sites. Its biggest attractions are the restaurants, bakeries, and pizzerias. It also home to a thriving [[art gallery]] scene and many boutique shops. The best known historic structure is [[Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Holy Rosary Church]] built in 1908. Culturally, the Alta House is the community center for the neighborhood founded in 1895. The private elementary and middle school is Montessori Elementary at [[Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Holy Rosary Church]]. Tony Brush Park<ref>http://www.universitycircle.org/locations/tony-brush-park</ref> provides the neighborhoods green space and playgrounds. |
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In 2021, [[USA Today]] ranked University Circle #1 as the "Best Arts District" in America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2021/05/university-circle-named-best-arts-district-in-the-country-in-usa-today-contest.html|title = University Circle named best arts district in the country in USA Today contest|date = May 7, 2021}}</ref> [[Forbes]] ranked University as one of America's Prettiest Neighborhoods; with high praise for its symphony orchestra, museums, botanical garden, planetarium, high-end foods, world class culture, and [[walkability]].<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.forbes.com/pictures/efel45lkj/university-circle-cleveland-ohio/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110925072737/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/efel45lkj/university-circle-cleveland-ohio |url-status = dead |archive-date = September 25, 2011 |work = Forbes |first = John |last = Giuffo |title=Photo}}</ref> In a 2007 ''[[USA Today]]'' article entitled "10 great places to discover Italy in America", [[Mario Batali]] was quoted as saying, "Corbo's Bakery has the best [[cassata]] (cake) I have tried in the USA."<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/10great/2007-10-04-little-italy_N.htm |work = USA Today |title = 10 great places to discover Italy in America |date = May 24, 2010 }}</ref> The article listed Cleveland's Little Italy as a top ten Little Italy in America. [[Askmen.com]] ranked Cleveland's Little Italy #3 out of 10 in their list of "Top 10: Little Italies".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.askmen.com/top_10/travel/top-10-little-italies.html|title=Top 10: Little Italies|first=Nate|last=Steere|website=AskMen|access-date=May 21, 2019|archive-date=August 28, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828174926/https://www.askmen.com/top_10/travel/top-10-little-italies.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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[[File:MurrayHillLittleItalyCleveland.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The annual highlight event of Little Italy in Cleveland is the [[Cleveland Feast of the Assumption Festival|Feast of the Assumption]].]] |
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==Notable institutions and landmarks== |
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Each August, the [[Roman Catholic]] congregation of the historic [[Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Holy Rosary Church]] celebrates the 4-day festival for the [[Assumption of Mary|Feast of the Assumption]], in which Little Italy stages Greater Cleveland's [[Cleveland Feast of the Assumption Festival|largest Italian-American street festival]]. Every October, Little Italy hosts the city's [[Columbus Day]] Parade. The neighborhood enjoys artwalks a few times a year, usually in June, October, and December. |
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=== History === |
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Little Italy began in 1895 when immigrant Joseph Carabelli saw the need for monument work in Cleveland's [[Lakeview Cemetery]] and established what soon became the city's leading marble and granite works. Local Cleveland industrial billionaire [[John D. Rockefeller]] took a special liking to the Italian immigrants of the neighborhood and commissioned the building of the community center Alta House, named after his daughter [[Alta Rockefeller Prentice]], in 1900. Little Italy is also home to the first Italian restaurant to open in the [[State of Ohio]], Guarino's. The first hand-crank pasta machine was invented in Little Italy by Angelo Vitantonio, an Italian immigrant to Cleveland. He received a [[patent]] for the product in 1906, and went on to found the Italian kitchenware manufacturer VillaWare, which continues to operate today.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peasandcornco.com/villawares.asp |title=Villawares home kitchen appliances from the Peas and Corn Company |publisher=Peasandcornco.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> In 1911 it was estimated that 96% of the inhabitants were Italian-born, and another 2% were of Italian parents. [[Ettore Boiardi]] (Chef Boyardee) opened his first restaurant, Il Giardino d'Italia, in the 1920s. In 1993, the community dedicated Tony Brush Park, named for champion boxer and Little Italy resident Anthony Brescia, at Mayfield and Random roads. Major residential project expansions occurred in 2003 with the 20-unit Villa Carabelli,<ref>http://www.bxmagazine.com/article.asp?ID=225</ref> in 2005 with the 15-unit Random Road Lofts townhomes,<ref>http://www.clevelandheights.com/upload/newsletter/TopoftheHill.pdf</ref> and in 2011 the 27-unit 27 Coltman townhouses.<ref>http://27coltman.com/</ref> The neighborhood [[bocci]] courts are located at the Alta House, and in 2011 underwent a complete remodeling in a $110,000 project, being named in honor of Nick and Dorothy Lucarelli. |
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For a large part of its history, Cleveland was home to the largest [[Cleveland crime family|Mafia organization]] between New York and Chicago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandmob.com/ |title=Cleveland Mafia |publisher=Clevelandmob.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> The Mayfield Road Mob was the name of gang which began around 1920 in Little Italy. This Mafia faction was even mentioned by its old name in the movie "[[The Godfather (movie)|The Godfather]]" as the Lakeview Road Gang, as [[Lakeview Cemetery]] borders Mayfield Road Hill. |
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===Notoriety=== |
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In a 2007 [[USA Today]] article entitled ''10 great places to discover Italy in America'', [[Mario Batali]] was quoted as saying, "Corbo's Bakery has the best cassata (cake) I have tried in the USA."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/10great/2007-10-04-little-italy_N.htm | work=USA Today | title=10 great places to discover Italy in America | date=2010-05-24}}</ref> The article listed Cleveland's Little Italy as a top ten Little Italy in America. |
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[[Askmen.com]] ranked Cleveland's Little Italy #3 out of 10 in their list of ''Top 10: Little Italies''.<ref>http://www.askmen.com/top_10/travel/top-10-little-italies_3.html</ref> |
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== Notable University Circle institutions and landmarks == |
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Points of interest in the University Circle neighborhood include: |
Points of interest in the University Circle neighborhood include: |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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*[[Case Western Reserve University]] |
*[[Case Western Reserve University]] |
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**[[Adelbert Hall]] |
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**[[Allen Memorial Medical Library]] |
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**[[DiSanto Field]] |
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**[[Michelson-Morley Memorial Fountain]] |
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**[[The Temple (Cleveland, Ohio)|Milton and Tamar Maltz Performing Arts Center]] |
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*[[Severance Hall]] (Home to the [[Cleveland Orchestra]]) |
*[[Severance Hall]] (Home to the [[Cleveland Orchestra]]) |
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*The [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] |
*The [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] |
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*The [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]] |
*The [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]] |
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*The [[Cleveland Botanical Garden]] |
*The [[Cleveland Botanical Garden]] |
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*The [[Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland]] (MOCA) |
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*The [[Cleveland Institute of Art]] |
*The [[Cleveland Institute of Art]] |
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*The [[Cleveland Institute of Music]] and the Cleveland Music School Settlement |
*The [[Cleveland Institute of Music]] and the Cleveland Music School Settlement |
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*[[Cleveland Cinematheque]] |
*[[Cleveland Cinematheque]] |
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*[[University Hospitals of Cleveland|University Hospitals Case Medical Center]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uhhospitals.org/LocateaUHFacility/UHMedicalCentersHospitals.aspx |title=UH Medical Centers (Hospitals) Locations |
*[[University Hospitals of Cleveland|University Hospitals Case Medical Center]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.uhhospitals.org/LocateaUHFacility/UHMedicalCentersHospitals.aspx |title = UH Medical Centers (Hospitals) Locations |publisher = University Hospitals |date = May 4, 2010 |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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**[[Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uhhospitals.org/locateauhfacility/tabid/848/fid/37/Default.aspx |title=Locate a UH Facility |
**[[Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.uhhospitals.org/locateauhfacility/tabid/848/fid/37/Default.aspx |title = Locate a UH Facility |publisher = University Hospitals |date = May 4, 2010 |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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**Seidman Cancer Center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uhhospitals.org/irelandcancer/AboutUs.aspx |title=About University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center |
**Seidman Cancer Center<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.uhhospitals.org/irelandcancer/AboutUs.aspx |title = About University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center |publisher = University Hospitals |date = May 4, 2010 |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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**MacDonald Women's Hospital<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uhhospitals.org/macwomen/tabid/783/uhmacdonaldwomenshospital.aspx |title=University Hospitals MacDonald Women's Hospital |
**MacDonald Women's Hospital<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.uhhospitals.org/macwomen/tabid/783/uhmacdonaldwomenshospital.aspx |title = University Hospitals MacDonald Women's Hospital |publisher = University Hospitals |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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*The [[Western Reserve Historical Society]] |
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*The Louis Stokes Veteran's Administration Medical Center |
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* |
**[[Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum]] |
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**[[Western Reserve Historical Society#Cleveland History Center|Cleveland History Center]] |
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*The [[Children's Museum of Cleveland]] |
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*The [[Dittrick Museum of Medical History]] |
*The [[Dittrick Museum of Medical History]] |
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*[[Lake View Cemetery]] |
*[[Lake View Cemetery]] |
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**[[James A. Garfield Memorial]] |
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**[[Wade Memorial Chapel]] |
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*[[Rockefeller Park]] |
*[[Rockefeller Park]] |
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*[[Cozad–Bates House|Cozad–Bates House Interpretive Center]] |
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*[[James A. Garfield Memorial]] |
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*[[The Temple (Cleveland, Ohio)|The Temple]] |
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*[[Cozad-Bates House]] |
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*[[John Hay High School]] |
*[[John Hay High School]] |
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**Cleveland School of Science and Medicine |
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**Cleveland School of Architecture and Design |
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**Cleveland Early College High School |
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*[[Cleveland School of the Arts]] |
*[[Cleveland School of the Arts]] |
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*[[First Church of Christ, Scientist (Cleveland, Ohio)|Nottingham-Spirk Innovation Center]] |
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*[[Montessori High School at University Circle|Montessori High School]] |
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*[[Tara Seibel]] Art Gallery |
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*[[Hawken School|Hawken School University Circle campus]] |
*[[Hawken School|Hawken School University Circle campus]] |
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*Montessori Elementary at [[Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Holy Rosary]]< |
*Montessori Elementary at [[Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Holy Rosary]]<ref> |
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{{cite web|url=http://www.montessori-holyrosary.org/about/ |title=Info |website=www.montessori-holyrosary.org |access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref> |
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{{Div col end}} |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===19th Century=== |
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University Circle was known during the early 19th Century as Doan’s Corners, after Nathanial Doan, a member of the [[Connecticut Land Company]], who settled his family and started a community here. |
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===19th century=== |
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The name "University Circle" began to take shape in the 1880s. Western Reserve University moved its campus from [[Hudson, Ohio]], to [[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland, Ohio)|Euclid Avenue]] in 1883. [[Case School of Applied Science]] moved from [[Downtown Cleveland]] to a site next to WRU in 1885. Their relocation led to the birth of an educational center and the creation of a new community called University Circle, named in part after these new institutions - but also the circular street intersection and trolley turnaround located [[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland, Ohio)|Euclid Avenue]] and Doan Brook Boulevard ([[Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard]] today).<ref name="universitycircle15">{{cite web|url=http://www.universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=15 |title=History |publisher=Universitycircle.org |date=1957-10-15 |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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University Circle was known during the early 19th century as Doan’s Corners, after Nathanial Doan, a member of the [[Connecticut Land Company]], who settled his family and started a community there.<ref name="enc">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Roy|first=Christopher|title=University Circle|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]]|url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/u/university-circle|access-date=August 2, 2022|date=March 12, 2022}}</ref> |
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By the 1890s, the Western Reserve School of Design for Women ([[Cleveland Institute of Art]]) moved to University Circle, and the concept of developing a world-class arts and cultural center came to life. The concept became more concrete when [[Jeptha Wade]], a trustee of Western Reserve University, set aside land for the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] to be built in the Circle. The Historical Society ([[Western Reserve Historical Society]]) joined these institutions before the turn of the 19th to 20th century. |
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<ref name="autogenerated1997">{{cite web|url=http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=UC |title=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:UNIVERSITY CIRCLE |publisher=Ech.case.edu |date=1997-07-23 |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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The name "University Circle" began to take shape in the 1880s. Western Reserve University moved its campus from [[Hudson, Ohio]], to [[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland, Ohio)|Euclid Avenue]] in 1883. [[Case School of Applied Science]] moved from [[Downtown Cleveland]] to a site next to WRU in 1885. Their relocation led to the birth of an educational center and the creation of a new community called University Circle, named in part after these new institutions—but also the circular street intersection and trolley turnaround located at [[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland, Ohio)|Euclid Avenue]] and Doan Brook Boulevard ([[Martin Luther King Jr. Drive (Cleveland)|Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard]] today).<ref name="universitycircle15">{{cite web |url = http://www.universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=15 |title = History |publisher = University Circle |date = October 15, 1957 |access-date = October 29, 2011 |archive-date = December 25, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081225054159/http://www.universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=15 |url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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===20th Century=== |
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The Circle began to grow rapidly in the early 20th century. The [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] opened its doors in 1916. By the 1920s and 1930s, nineteen educational and cultural institutions were located in the area, from the [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]] to the [[Cleveland Hearing & Speech Center|Cleveland Hearing and Speech Center]] to the [[Cleveland Botanical Garden]] and others. |
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The arrival of [[University Hospitals]] in 1931 (founded in 1866) led to health care becoming another center of innovation in University Circle. Less than one mile away from University Hospitals, the [[Cleveland Clinic]] had been serving its patients since 1921. Also in 1931 [[Severance Hall]], home of the [[Cleveland Orchestra]], was constructed at the corner of Euclid and East Blvd.<ref name="autogenerated1997"/> By 1950, 34 institutions had chosen University Circle as their home.<ref name="universitycircle15"/> In 1967, Case School of Applied Science and Western Reserve University confederated to become [[Case Western Reserve University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=CWRU |title=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY |publisher=Ech.case.edu |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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By the 1890s, the Western Reserve School of Design for Women ([[Cleveland Institute of Art]]) moved to University Circle, and the concept of developing a world-class arts and cultural center came to life. The concept became more concrete when [[Jeptha Wade]], a trustee of Western Reserve University, set aside land for the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] to be built in the Circle, which required the Cleveland Zoological Park, now known as the [[Cleveland Metroparks Zoo]], to be relocated to its present-day location of [[Old Brooklyn]]. The Historical Society ([[Western Reserve Historical Society]]) joined these institutions before the start of the 20th century.<ref name="enc"/> |
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===21st Century=== |
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University Circle remains [[Cleveland]]'s center for cultural, educational, religious, and social-service institutions. The area is currently undergoing a large number of construction projects with many institutions expanding, and private development of residential and commercial dwellings. |
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===20th century=== |
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<gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="5">File:Adelbert Hall.jpg|Adelbert Hall at [[Case Western Reserve University]] |
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The Circle began to grow rapidly in the early 20th century. The [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] opened its doors in 1916. By the 1920s and 1930s, 19 educational and cultural institutions were located in the area, from the [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]] to the [[Cleveland Hearing & Speech Center|Cleveland Hearing and Speech Center]] to the [[Cleveland Botanical Garden]] and others. |
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File:WWSeverance-Hall-1.jpg|[[Severance Hall]], home to the [[Cleveland Orchestra]]. |
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File:Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church Cleveland Ohio.jpg|[[Church of the Covenant (Cleveland)|Church of the Covenant]] |
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File:Cozad-Bates House Cleveland Ohio.jpg|[[Cozad-Bates House]] built 1853. |
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File:Cleveland Museum Natural History.jpg|Main entrance to the [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]] |
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File:Peter-B-Lewis-Building.jpg|The [[Frank Gehry]]-designed Peter B. Lewis building is home to [[Case Western Reserve University]]'s [[Weatherhead School of Management]]. |
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File:HersheyChildrensGarden6.jpg|Hershey Children's Garden at the [[Cleveland Botanical Garden]] |
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File:Cleveland Institute of Art - front entry.jpg|The [[Cleveland Institute of Art]] |
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File:Cleveland Institute of Music.JPG|The [[Cleveland Institute of Music]] |
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File:University-Hospital-Cleveland.JPG|A view of [[University Hospitals of Cleveland|Case Medical Center]]'s Lerner Tower. |
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File:GarfieldMonument.jpg|The [[James A. Garfield Memorial]] in [[Lakeview Cemetery]] is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. |
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File:The Temple Tifereth Israel.jpg| [[The Temple (Cleveland, Ohio)|The Temple]], an historic synagogue on E.105th Street. |
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File:Tudor Arms ballroom.jpg|Ballroom of the Tudor Arms Doubletree Hotel renovated in 2011. |
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File:Seidman Cancer Center.jpg|[[University Hospitals of Cleveland|University Hospitals]] Seidman Cancer Center completed in 2011 behind a mixed-use apartment building. |
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File:Allen Memorial Medical Library Exterior.jpg|[[Allen Memorial Medical Library]], home to the [[Dittrick Museum of Medical History]] |
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File:Francis K Glidden House Cleveland Ohio.jpg|Glidden House boutique hotel located at the Juniper Rd and Ford Rd intersection |
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</gallery> |
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Cleveland's [[college football]] scene began in University Circle through both [[Case Western Reserve Spartans football|Case and Western Reserve football]] teams. Van Horn Field hosted games against [[Ohio State Buckeyes football|Ohio State]], [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football|Notre Dame]], and [[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama]]. Famed Notre Dame coach [[Knute Rockne]] made his coaching debut against Case in University Circle in [[1918 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team|1918]]. In [[1920 Alabama Crimson Tide football team|1920]], The [[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama Crimson Tide]] played their first ever game in the [[Northern United States|north]] at Van Horn Field against Case. |
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==Public Transportation== |
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The arrival of [[University Hospitals]] in 1931 (founded in 1866) led to health care becoming another center of innovation in University Circle. Less than {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} away from University Hospitals, the [[Cleveland Clinic]] had been serving its patients since 1921. Also in 1931 [[Severance Hall]], home of the [[Cleveland Orchestra]], was constructed at the corner of Euclid and East Boulevard.<ref name="enc"/> By 1950, 34 institutions had chosen University Circle as their home.<ref name="universitycircle15"/> In 1967, Case School of Applied Science and Western Reserve University confederated to become [[Case Western Reserve University]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Gerda|first=Janice|title=Case Western Reserve University|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]]|url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/case-western-reserve-university|access-date=August 2, 2022|date=November 18, 2019}}</ref> |
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[[File:HealthLine 1.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A [[HealthLine]] [[Bus rapid transit|BRT]] vehicle drives through University Circle passing the [[Allen Memorial Medical Library]].]] |
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===21st century=== |
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University Circle is served by multiple forms of transportation, including rapid train, bus, [[Bus rapid transit|BRT]], and circulators. Unique from other [[Cleveland]] neighborhoods, it contains two train stops on the [[Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority|RTA]]'s [[Red Line (Cleveland)|Red Line]], the [[Euclid – East 120th (RTA Rapid Transit station)|Euclid Ave - E.120 Rapid Station]] and the [[University Circle (RTA Rapid Transit station)|University Circle-Cedar Rapid Station]]. The [[Greenie Bus|CircleLink shuttle service]] (colloquially known as the "Greenie") provides free public transportation within University Circle. The new [[BRTBus rapid transit|BRT]] [[HealthLine]], which opened on October 24, 2008, is the newest option to the neighborhood, being a major destination on the line along [[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland, Ohio)|Euclid Avenue]] that connects [[Public Square]] to [[Louis Stokes Station at Windermere]] in [[East Cleveland, Ohio|East Cleveland]]. In a $197 million project,<ref>{{cite web|author=Michelle Jarboe, The Plain Dealer |url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2009/11/clevelands_euclid_corridor_pro.html |title=Cleveland's Euclid corridor project has paved the way to economic development |publisher=cleveland.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> Euclid Avenue was rebuilt during construction, with the installation of public art, new lighting, and sidewalks along the entire length of the HealthLine, along with dedicated bus lanes. There are seven [[HealthLine]] stops in University Circle and runs 24 hours. Additionally, many bus routes have stops in University Circle, including bus numbers 7, 8, 9, 10, 32, 38, and 48/48A. |
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University Circle remains [[Cleveland]]'s center for cultural, educational, religious, and social-service institutions. The area is currently undergoing many construction projects with many institutions expanding, and private development of residential and commercial dwellings. New housing developments in the area have increased the number of year-round residents in the area to an estimated 15,000 as of 2013.<ref name="plainduc1">{{cite web |url = http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2013/03/can_university_circle_bring_th.html |title = Can University Circle lure the rich back to Cleveland, acquire a skyline and share the wealth? |location = Cleveland |work = The Plain Dealer |date = March 23, 2013 |access-date = September 28, 2014 }}</ref> |
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In 2012, the [[Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland|Museum of Contemporary Art]] (MoCA) opened its new permanent location in University Circle at the corner of [[U.S. Route 322|Mayfield Road]] and [[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland)|Euclid Avenue]].<ref name="plaindmoca1">{{cite web |url = http://www.cleveland.com/arts/index.ssf/2012/10/museum_of_contemporary_art_cle_9.html |title = Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland to open permanent home after 44 years on the move |location = Cleveland |work = The Plain Dealer |date = March 23, 2013 |access-date = October 7, 2012 }}</ref> |
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The neighborhood is the best connected area to [[Public Transportation]] outside of [[Downtown Cleveland]].<ref>http://www.riderta.com/pdf/maps/System_Map_Main.pdf</ref> |
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==Public transportation== |
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[[File:HealthLine 1.jpg|thumb|A [[HealthLine]] [[Bus rapid transit|BRT]] vehicle drives through University Circle passing the [[Allen Memorial Medical Library]].]] |
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University Circle is served by multiple forms of transportation, including rapid train, bus, [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT), and circulators. Unique from other [[Cleveland]] neighborhoods, it contains two train stops on the [[Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority|RTA]]'s [[Red Line (Cleveland)|Red Line]], the [[Little Italy–University Circle (RTA Rapid Transit station)|Little Italy-University Circle Station]] and the [[University Circle (RTA Rapid Transit station)|University Circle-Cedar Rapid Station]]. The CircleLink shuttle service (colloquially known as the "Greenie") provides free public transportation within University Circle. It provides service between the north and south sides of the CWRU campus, from University Circle to Coventry Village, around the CWRU campus and the [[University Hospitals of Cleveland]], and between the [[Urban Child Research Center]] and the main Case campus.<ref name="greenie.case.edu">{{cite web |url=http://greenie.case.edu/ |title=Case Busing and Shuttle Information |website=greenie.case.edu |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603203135/http://greenie.case.edu/ |archive-date=3 June 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The new BRT [[HealthLine]], which opened on October 24, 2008, is the newest option to the neighborhood, being a major destination on the line along [[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland, Ohio)|Euclid Avenue]] that connects [[Public Square, Cleveland|Public Square]] to [[Louis Stokes Station at Windermere]] in [[East Cleveland, Ohio|East Cleveland]]. In a $197 million project,<ref>{{cite web |first = Michelle |last = Jarboe |url = http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2009/11/clevelands_euclid_corridor_pro.html |title = Cleveland's Euclid corridor project has paved the way to economic development |work = The Plain Dealer |location = Cleveland |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> Euclid Avenue was rebuilt during construction, with the installation of public art, new lighting, and sidewalks along the entire length of the HealthLine, along with dedicated bus lanes. There are seven [[HealthLine]] stops in University Circle and runs 24 hours. Additionally, many bus routes have stops in University Circle, including bus numbers 7, 8, 9, 10, 32, 38, and 48/48A. |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
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University Circle is known for its year-round cultural events: |
University Circle is known for its year-round cultural events: |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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*[[Hessler Street Fair]] (May) |
*[[Hessler Street Fair]] (May) |
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*Parade the Circle (Jun)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=122 |title=23rd Parade the Circle and Circle Village |publisher= |
*Parade the Circle (Jun)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=122 |title = 23rd Parade the Circle and Circle Village |publisher = University Circle |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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*Summer Solstice Party ([[Cleveland Museum of Art]]) (Jun)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/special%20events.aspx |title= |
*Summer Solstice Party ([[Cleveland Museum of Art]]) (Jun)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.clevelandart.org/events/special%20events.aspx |title = Special Events |publisher = Cleveland Museum of Art |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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*International Folk Festival (Jun) |
*International Folk Festival (Jun) |
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*WOW! Wade Oval Wednesdays (Jun-Aug)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=84 |title=WOW! Wade Oval Wednesdays 2012 |publisher= |
*WOW! Wade Oval Wednesdays (Jun-Aug)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=84 |title = WOW! Wade Oval Wednesdays 2012 |publisher = University Circle |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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*[[Cleveland Feast of the Assumption Festival|Feast of the Assumption]] (August 15 weekend) |
*[[Cleveland Feast of the Assumption Festival|Feast of the Assumption]] (August 15 weekend) |
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*Showcase in the Circle and Home Tour (Sep)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pluggedincleveland.com/events/51183/2011-showcase-in-the-circle-amp-circle.html |title=2011 Showcase in the Circle & Circle Home Tour |
*Showcase in the Circle and Home Tour (Sep)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.pluggedincleveland.com/events/51183/2011-showcase-in-the-circle-amp-circle.html |title = 2011 Showcase in the Circle & Circle Home Tour: Judson Manor, Cleveland, Ohio |work = Pluggedincleveland.com |date = September 15, 2011 |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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*Cleveland's RIPE! Fest ([[Cleveland Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]) (Sep)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clevelandlocavores.com/ |title=Cleveland's RIPE! Fest No 02 |publisher=Cleveland Locavores |date |
*Cleveland's RIPE! Fest ([[Cleveland Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]) (Sep)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://clevelandlocavores.com/ |title = Cleveland's RIPE! Fest No 02 |publisher = Cleveland Locavores |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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*Little Italy [[Columbus Day]] Parade (Oct)<ref>{{cite web| |
*Little Italy [[Columbus Day]] Parade (Oct)<ref>{{cite web |first = Joshua | last = Gunter |url = http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2010/10/big_crowds_expected_for_columb.html |title = Big crowds expected for Columbus Day parade Monday in Little Italy |work = The Plain Dealer |location = Cleveland |date = October 11, 2010 |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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*Holiday CircleFest (Dec)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=107 |title=Holiday CircleFest 2011 |publisher= |
*Holiday CircleFest (Dec)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://universitycircle.org/uci.aspx?page=107 |title = Holiday CircleFest 2011 |publisher = University Circle |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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{{Div col end}} |
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==Construction and |
==Construction and expansion projects== |
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University Circle is undergoing $2 billion in construction and renovation projects.<ref>{{cite web |
University Circle is undergoing $2 billion in construction and renovation projects.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.city-data.com/forum/21052288-post15.html |work = City-Data Forum |title = What is the best urban neighborhood in the Midwest? |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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===Uptown project=== |
===Uptown project=== |
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[[File:Cleveland Uptown Apartments University Circle.jpg|thumb|Apartments and Retail in the Uptown construction project]] |
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The Uptown project is a multi-phase, $150 million-plus retail, entertainment, restaurant and cultural project under development by MRN Ltd. of Cleveland, and sponsored by [[Case Western Reserve University]] and University Circle Inc. Its location will create a true center to University Circle. |
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The Uptown project is a multi-phase, $150 million-plus retail, entertainment, restaurant and cultural project under development by MRN Ltd. of Cleveland, and sponsored by [[Case Western Reserve University]] and University Circle Inc. Its location creates a true center to University Circle. |
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On August 2, 2010, a mixed-used "Phase I" broke ground, which will have 102 apartments above first floor retail and cost $44.5 million.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michelle Jarboe, The Plain Dealer |url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/07/developer_mrn_ltd_to_break_gro.html |title=Developer MRN Ltd. to break ground Monday on Uptown project in University Circle |publisher=cleveland.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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A $44.5 million "Phase I" broke ground on August 2, 2010, creating two mixed-use buildings of 102 apartments above first floor retail.<ref>{{cite web |first = Michelle |last = Jarboe |url = http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/07/developer_mrn_ltd_to_break_gro.html |title = Developer MRN Ltd. to break ground Monday on Uptown project in University Circle |work = The Plain Dealer |location = Cleveland |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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[[File:MOCA Cleveland (2).jpg|thumb|New Home of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Cleveland (Under Construction)]] |
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Additional anchors of the project currently under construction include the $66 million expansion of the [[Cleveland Institute of Art]]<ref> |
Additional anchors of the project currently under construction include the $66 million expansion of the [[Cleveland Institute of Art]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cleveland.com/arts/2011/11/gund_foundation_and_family_mem.html|title=Gund Foundation and family members give $5 million boost to Cleveland Institute of Art expansion in University Circle|first=Steven|last=Litt|date=November 4, 2011|website=cleveland.com}}</ref> and the $32 million new home for the [[Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland|Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA)]].<ref>{{cite web |author = Foreign Office Architects |url = http://www.cleveland.com/arts/index.ssf/2010/11/moca_cleveland_board_approves.html |title = MOCA Cleveland board approves building new home in University Circle's Uptown development |work = The Plain Dealer |location = Cleveland |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> The new MOCA is designed by the London architect [[Farshid Moussavi]]. The surrounding pedestrian plaza is designed by [[James Corner|James Corner Field Operations]], the same landscape architecture firm who designed the [[High Line]] in New York City.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/30/realestate/commercial/cleveland-ignites-job-growth-with-rebuilding-project.html?_r=1 |work = The New York Times |first = Keith |last = Schneider |title = Cleveland Ignites Job Growth With Rebuilding Project |date = November 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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The $21 million "Phase II" consists of 43 apartments, dormitories for the [[Cleveland Institute of Art]], and retail. The anchor tenant is a two-story bowling alley, known as Corner Alley. Completion date was in fall 2014.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cleveland.com/business/2013/05/uptown_project_picks_up_corner.html|title=Uptown project picks up Corner Alley, Potbelly as tenants, Cleveland International Fund as lender|first=Michelle|last=Jarboe|date=May 30, 2013|website=cleveland.com}}</ref> [[Euclid–East 120th (RTA Rapid Transit station)]] has been relocated to Mayfield Road at East 119th Street. With a total cost of $17.5 million, it was renamed the Little Italy-University Circle Rapid Station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riderta.com/majorprojects/littleitalyuc|title=Little Italy - University Circle Rapid Station|first=Greater Cleveland|last=RTA|date=April 14, 2013|website=Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority}}</ref> |
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On November 30, 2011, the [[NY Times]] showcased the project with an article entitled ''Cleveland Turns Uptown Into New Downtown''.<ref name="nytimes.com"/> |
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On November 30, 2011, the ''[[New York Times]]'' showcased the project with an article entitled "Cleveland Turns Uptown Into New Downtown".<ref name="nytimes.com"/> |
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===Cleveland Museum of Art expansion=== |
===Cleveland Museum of Art expansion=== |
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On March 7, 2005 the Cleveland Museum of Art embarked on a multi-year project to renovate and expand into the next century. The project is designed by architect [[Rafael Viñoly]], combining old and new styles. At a total cost of $350 million, it is the largest cultural project in the history of the state of Ohio and one of the most comprehensive renovation and expansion projects in the museum field in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/about/the%20building%20project.aspx |title= |
On March 7, 2005 the Cleveland Museum of Art embarked on a multi-year project to renovate and expand into the next century. The project is designed by architect [[Rafael Viñoly]], combining old and new styles. At a total cost of $350 million, it is the largest cultural project in the history of the state of Ohio and one of the most comprehensive renovation and expansion projects in the museum field in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.clevelandart.org/about/the%20building%20project.aspx |title = The Building Project |publisher = The Cleveland Museum of Art |access-date = October 29, 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111103102849/http://www.clevelandart.org/about/the%20building%20project.aspx |archive-date = November 3, 2011 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> |
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===University Hospitals/Case Medical Center |
===University Hospitals/Case Medical Center expansion=== |
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Three new facilities and structures opened in summer of 2011. They include the $250 million [[commons:File:Seidman Cancer Center.jpg|Seidman Cancer Center]], $41 million Center for Emergency Medicine, and a $30 million new parking structure.<ref>http://media.cleveland.com/pdgraphics_impact/photo/14fguhnetworkjpg-9522855e3d84a04c.jpg</ref> |
Three new facilities and structures opened in summer of 2011. They include the $250 million [[commons:File:Seidman Cancer Center.jpg|Seidman Cancer Center]], $41 million Center for Emergency Medicine, and a $30 million new parking structure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.cleveland.com/pdgraphics_impact/photo/14fguhnetworkjpg-9522855e3d84a04c.jpg |title=Photo |format=JPG |access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref> |
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=== |
===Train stations=== |
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Both current University Circle train stations were rehabbed and reconstructed by August 2015. |
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There are five main residential construction projects as of Spring 2012: |
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The [[University Circle (RTA Rapid Transit station)|University Circle-Cedar Rd rapid station]] underwent a complete rehab, using an [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|ADA]]-compliant design to include a new rail entry plaza, waiting area, and train loading platform. A new bus terminal was also constructed on the north side of Cedar Road with a pedestrian connection between the bus terminal and the rail station. Secured funding included a $10.5 million grant from the [[U.S. Department of Transportation]] and a $2 million grant from the [[Federal Transit Administration]]—totaling $12.5 million in federal funds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/sunpress/2011/05/university_circle_rapid_statio_1.html|title=University Circle rapid station reconstruction project receives an additional $2 million in federal funding|first=Lindsay|last=Betz|website=cleveland.com}}</ref> |
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*Uptown Phase I Apartments (102 units)<ref>http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2012/03/high_rental_prices_at_uptown_apartments_in_university_circle_may_test_rates_at_other_buildings_slideshow.html</ref> |
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*WXZ Circle 118 Townhomes (17 townhomes)<ref>{{cite web|author=Steven Litt, The Plain Dealer |url=http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2010/03/circle_118_townhouses_by_wxz_d.html |title=Circle 118 townhouses by WXZ Development add life to University Circle in Cleveland | cleveland.com |publisher=Blog.cleveland.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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*27 Coltman Little Italy Townhomes (27 townhomes)<ref>{{cite web|author=Michelle Jarboe, The Plain Dealer |url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/02/luxury_townhouses_in_cleveland.html |title=Luxury townhouses in Cleveland's Little Italy are selling, but court fight looms |publisher=cleveland.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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*WXZ Hazel 8 Apartments (59 units)<ref>{{cite web|author=Michelle Jarboe, The Plain Dealer |url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2011/03/councilman_clears_path_for_uni.html |title=Councilman clears path for University Circle apartment project |publisher=cleveland.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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*CircleEast Townhomes (20 units)<ref>http://www.thefinchgroup.com/currentproj.htm</ref> |
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The [[Euclid–East 120th (RTA Rapid Transit station)|Euclid–East 120th rapid station]] was relocated in conjunction with the Uptown Project to E.119 St and Mayfield Rd. Funding was received through a $12.5 million grant from the [[U.S. Department of Transportation]], via the [[Federal Transit Administration]]. The final cost of the new station was around $17.5 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2011/12/post_545.html|title=RTA wins $12.5 million grant for new rapid station at Mayfield and East 119th|first=Tom|last=Breckenridge|website=cleveland.com}}</ref> |
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Breaking within the next year includes: |
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*WXZ E.118th Street Apartments (20 units) <ref>http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2012/03/wxz_development_plans_30_apart.html</ref> |
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*WXZ Circle 118 Phase II Apartments (10 units) <ref>http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2012/03/wxz_development_plans_30_apart.html</ref> |
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*Lot 45 "Intesa" Apartments (95 units) <ref>http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2012/03/university_circle_could_see_pa.html</ref> |
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===Louis Stokes VA Medical Center expansion=== |
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===Hotels=== |
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Totaling a $526 million expansion, this project includes a seven-story administrative office tower, living space for 122 homeless veterans, a 2,000-car parking garage, and a seven-story tower with 222 patient beds. Among the other parts of the project are the renovation of the hematology/oncology unit, expansion of the radiation area, building two floors on top of the atrium to accommodate various services, and an expanded operating room.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.urbanohio.com/forum2/index.php?topic=13900.0 |title = Cleveland: VA Hospital Expansion |work = Urbanohio.com |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> |
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Two new hotels are being added to the area: |
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*Tudor Arms Hilton Doubletree Hotel—11-story, 157-room hotel (completed Fall 2011)<ref>{{cite web|author=Steven Litt, The Plain Dealer |url=http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2011/09/tudor_arms_hotel_gleams_after.html |title=Tudor Arms Hotel gleams after a $22 million renovation as a Hilton Doubletree by MRN Ltd. of Cleveland | cleveland.com |publisher=Blog.cleveland.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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*University Circle Courtyard Mariott Hotel—8-story, 150-room hotel (to be completed late 2012)<ref>{{cite web|author=Braun & Steidl Architects |url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/10/developers_lined_up_to_build_1.html |title=Developers lined up to build 150-room hotel in University Circle |publisher=cleveland.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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===Case Western Reserve University expansion=== |
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===Train Stations=== |
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Two major new construction projects have recently broken ground: |
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Both current University Circle train stations well be rehabbed and reconstructed beginning in 2012. |
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*Tinkham Veale Student Center |
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*Wyant Field House |
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In Spring 2012, [[Case Western Reserve University]] campus underwent the construction of $50 million student center in the center of campus. It is known as the Tinkham Veale Student Center designed by [[Ralph Johnson (architect)|Ralph Johnson]] of [[Perkins and Will|Perkins + Will]]. It encompasses 82,000-square-feet, has 24/7 student access, and is environmentally friendly—with a green roof to absorb rainwater and windows designed to prevent excessive heat from sunlight.<ref>{{cite web |first = Steven |last = Litt |url = http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2011/10/architect_ralph_johnsons_new_t.html |title = Architect Ralph Johnson's new Tinkham Veale University Center at CWRU brings 21st-century flair to University Circle |work = The Plain Dealer |location = Cleveland |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> The second project is known as the Wyant Field House, enclosing the last open portion of [[DiSanto Field]]. The Wyant Field House is approximately 24,000 square feet and serves as a facility for varsity athletes and the 2,500 students who reside at The Village. The facility includes weight training and cardiovascular areas, a Varsity Club lounge, and multipurpose space.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://blog.case.edu/case-news/2010/06/07/wyantfieldhouse |title = Case Western Reserve University | News Center |publisher = Blog.case.edu |date = June 7, 2010 |access-date = October 29, 2011 |archive-date = August 7, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110807232917/http://blog.case.edu/case-news/2010/06/07/wyantfieldhouse |url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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The [[University Circle (RTA Rapid Transit station)|University Circle-Cedar Rd rapid station]] will undergo a complete rehab, using an [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|ADA]]-compliant design to include a new rail entry plaza, waiting area, and train loading platform. A new bus terminal will also be constructed on the north side of Cedar Road with a pedestrian connection between the bus terminal and the rail station. Final costs for the new station has not been announced, but secured funding includes a $10.5 million grant from the [[U.S. Department of Transportation]] and a $2 million grant from the [[Federal Transit Administration]]--totaling $12.5 million in federal funds raised.<ref>http://blog.cleveland.com/sunpress/2011/05/university_circle_rapid_statio_1.html</ref> |
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==Little Italy== |
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The [[Euclid – East 120th (RTA Rapid Transit station)|Euclid – East 120th rapid station]] will be relocated in conjunction to the Uptown Project to E.119 St and Mayfield Rd. Funding has been received through a $12.5 million grant from the [[U.S. Department of Transportation]], via the [[Federal Transit Administration]]. The final cost of the design is estimated to be at $17.5 million.<ref>http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2011/12/post_545.html</ref> |
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[[Image:Cleveland's Little Italy.jpg|thumb|right|One of Little Italy's best known culinary landmarks, Presti's Bakery, sits at the corner of Mayfield and Coltman.]] |
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'''Little Italy''' ({{lang-it|Piccola Italia}})<ref>{{cite web |url = http://clevelandlittleitaly.com/about/ |title = About |publisher = Cleveland Little Italy |access-date = October 29, 2011 |archive-date = July 14, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714004342/http://clevelandlittleitaly.com/about/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> is an [[ethnic neighborhood|ethnic enclave]] that serves as the historic center of Cleveland's [[Italian American]] community.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Roy|first=Christopher|title=Little Italy|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]]|url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/l/little-italy|access-date=August 2, 2022|date=February 1, 2021}}</ref> It is located from E. 119th to E. 125th streets on Murray Hill and [[U.S. Route 322|Mayfield]] roads, situated at the eastern city limits, along a long, moderately sloping grade that ascends in elevation approximately 300 feet.<ref>{{cite map|author=United States Geological Survey|author-link=United States Geological Survey|year=1994|title=East Cleveland, OH|url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/ht-bin/tv_browse.pl?id=5b29b87096ae4003e46f25cb4220fbaf|type=Topographic map|series=7.5 Minute Series|scale=1:24,000|location=Reston, VA|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=February 17, 2019}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=February 2019}} It is bounded to the east and south by suburban [[Cleveland Heights, Ohio|Cleveland Heights]], to the northeast by [[Lakeview Cemetery]], and to the west by [[CSX]], [[Norfolk Southern]], and [[Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority]] [[Red Line (Cleveland)|Red Line]] railroad tracks, which separates it from the rest of University Circle. |
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===Points and events of interest=== |
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===Louis Stokes VA Medical Center Expansion=== |
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Little Italy is known for its several culinary, historic, and cultural sites. Its biggest attractions are the restaurants, bakeries, and pizzerias. It is home to everything from a thriving [[art gallery]], to scene boutique shops—and even a technology startup. The best known historic structure is [[Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Holy Rosary Church]] built in 1908. Culturally, Little Italy is home to the [[Italian American Museum of Cleveland]] and the Alta House, the neighborhood community center founded in 1895. The private elementary and middle school is Montessori Elementary at [[Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Holy Rosary Church]]. Tony Brush Park<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universitycircle.org/destinations/tony-brush-park|title=Tony Brush Park|website=www.universitycircle.org}}</ref> provides the neighborhoods green space and playgrounds. |
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Totaling a $526 million expansion, this project includes a seven-story administrative office tower, living space for 122 homeless veterans, a 2,000-car parking garage, and a seven-story tower with 222 patient beds. Among the other parts of the project are the renovation of the hematology/oncology unit, expansion of the radiation area, building two floors on top of the atrium to accommodate various services, and an expanded operating room.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanohio.com/forum2/index.php?topic=13900.0 |title=Cleveland: VA Hospital Expansion |publisher=Urbanohio.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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[[File:Feast of the Assumption in Little Italy Cleveland (36388057482).jpg|thumb|right|250px|The annual highlight event of Little Italy in Cleveland is the [[Cleveland Feast of the Assumption Festival|Feast of the Assumption]].]] |
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===Case Western Reserve University Expansion=== |
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Two major new construction projects are readying to break ground: |
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*Tinkham Veale Student Center |
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*Wyatt Field House |
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Each August, the [[Roman Catholic]] congregation of the historic [[Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Holy Rosary Church]] celebrates the 4-day festival for the [[Assumption of Mary|Feast of the Assumption]], in which Little Italy stages Greater Cleveland's [[Cleveland Feast of the Assumption Festival|largest Italian-American street festival]]. Every October, Little Italy hosts the city's [[Columbus Day]] Parade. The neighborhood enjoys art walks a few times a year, usually in June, October, and December. |
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In Spring 2012, [[Case Western Reserve University]] campus will undergo the construction of $50 million student center in the center of campus. It will be known as the Tinkham Veale Student Center designed by [[Ralph Johnson (architect)|Ralph Johnson]] of [[Perkins and Will|Perkins + Will]]. It will encompass 82,000-square-feet, have 24/7 student access, and be environmentally friendly—with a green roof to absorb rainwater and windows designed to prevent excessive heat from sunlight.<ref>{{cite web|author=Steven Litt, The Plain Dealer |url=http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2011/10/architect_ralph_johnsons_new_t.html |title=Architect Ralph Johnson's new Tinkham Veale University Center at CWRU will bring 21st-century flair to University Circle | cleveland.com |publisher=Blog.cleveland.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> The second project will be known as the Wyant Field House, enclosing the last open portion of Case Field. The Wyant Field House will be approximately 24,000 square feet and will serve as a facility for varsity athletes and the 2,500 students who reside at The Village. The facility will include weight training and cardiovascular areas, a Varsity Club lounge, and multipurpose space.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.case.edu/case-news/2010/06/07/wyantfieldhouse |title=Case Western Reserve University | News Center |publisher=Blog.case.edu |date=2010-06-07 |accessdate=2011-10-29}}</ref> |
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===History=== |
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Little Italy began in 1895 when immigrant Joseph Carabelli saw the need for monument work in Cleveland's [[Lakeview Cemetery]] and established what soon became the city's leading marble and granite works. Local Cleveland industrial billionaire [[John D. Rockefeller]] took a special liking to the Italian immigrants of the neighborhood and commissioned the building of the community center Alta House, named after his daughter [[Alta Rockefeller Prentice]], in 1900. Little Italy is also home to the first Italian restaurant to open in the [[State of Ohio]], [[Guarino's]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Classic Cleveland Restaurants: Guarino's |url=https://clevelandmagazine.com/food-drink/articles/classic-cleveland-restaurants-guarino%27s |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=clevelandmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref> which is also the oldest restaurant in the city, opening in 1918.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleveland's Oldest – Public History in the Wild |url=http://rebeccawingo.com/courses/phwild/semester/fall-2019/clevelands-oldest/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guarino's Restaurant |url=http://www.universitycircle.org/destinations/guarinos-restaurant |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.universitycircle.org |language=en}}</ref> The first hand-crank pasta machine was invented in Little Italy by Angelo Vitantonio, an Italian immigrant to Cleveland. He received a [[patent]] for the product in 1906, and went on to found the Italian kitchenware manufacturer [[VillaWare]], which continues to operate today.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.peasandcornco.com/villawares.asp |title = Villawares home kitchen appliances from the Peas and Corn Company |publisher = Peasandcornco.com |access-date = October 29, 2011 |archive-date = April 15, 2002 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20020415130348/http://www.peasandcornco.com/villawares.asp |url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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In 1911, it was estimated that 96% of the inhabitants were Italian-born, and another 2% were of Italian parents. [[Ettore Boiardi]] (Chef Boyardee) opened his first restaurant, Il Giardino d'Italia, in the 1920s. As the nearby neighborhoods of [[Glenville, Cleveland|Glenville]] and [[Hough, Cleveland|Hough]] became increasingly African American by the 1950s, Little Italy experienced racial tensions which were especially on display in 1964 when Murray Hill School was integrated, and during the 1966 [[Hough riots]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Michney|first=Todd M.|date=2006|title=Race, Violence, and Urban Territoriality: Cleveland's Little Italy and the 1966 Hough Uprising|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0096144205282573|journal=Journal of Urban History|volume=32|issue=3|pages=404–428|doi=10.1177/0096144205282573|issn=0096-1442}}</ref> In 1993, the community dedicated Tony Brush Park, named for champion boxer and Little Italy resident Anthony Brescia, at Mayfield and Random roads. Major residential project expansions occurred in 2003 with the 20-unit Villa Carabelli,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bxmagazine.com/article.asp?ID=225 |title=BXMagazine.com - VILLA CARABELLI |website=www.bxmagazine.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114021137/http://www.bxmagazine.com/article.asp?ID=225 |archive-date=14 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> in 2005 with the 15-unit Random Road Lofts townhomes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clevelandheights.com/upload/newsletter/TopoftheHill.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.clevelandheights.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704213633/http://www.clevelandheights.com/upload/newsletter/TopoftheHill.pdf |archive-date=4 July 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and in 2011 the 27-unit 27 Coltman townhouses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brickhauspartners.com/communities/27-coltman/|title=27 Coltman - Brickhaus|website=www.brickhauspartners.com}}</ref> The neighborhood [[bocce]] courts are located at the Alta House, and in 2011 underwent a complete remodeling in a $110,000 project, being named in honor of Nick and Dorothy Lucarelli. |
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For a large part of its history, Cleveland was home to the largest [[Cleveland crime family|Mafia organization]] between New York and Chicago.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.clevelandmob.com/ |title = Cleveland Mafia |publisher = Clevelandmob.com |access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref> The Mayfield Road Mob was the name of a gang which began around 1920 in Little Italy. Among the members of the "Mayfield Road Mob" were [[James T. Licavoli]] and [[Jimmy Fratianno]]. This Mafia faction was even mentioned by its old name in the movie "[[The Godfather (film)|The Godfather]]" as the Lakeview Road Gang, as [[Lakeview Cemetery]] borders Mayfield Road Hill. |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="5"> |
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File:Adelbert Hall.jpg|[[Adelbert Hall]] at [[Case Western Reserve University]] |
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File:WWSeverance-Hall-1.jpg|[[Severance Hall]], home to the [[Cleveland Orchestra]] |
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File:Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church Cleveland Ohio.jpg|[[Church of the Covenant (Cleveland)|Church of the Covenant]] |
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File:Cozad-Bates House Cleveland Ohio.jpg|[[Cozad-Bates House]] built 1853 |
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File:Cleveland Museum Natural History.jpg|Main entrance to the [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]] |
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File:HersheyChildrensGarden6.jpg|Hershey Children's Garden at the [[Cleveland Botanical Garden]] |
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File:Cleveland Institute of Art Euclid Ave.jpg|The [[Cleveland Institute of Art]] is centered in a former [[Ford Model T]] factory |
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File:Cleveland Institute of Music.JPG|The [[Cleveland Institute of Music]] |
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File:GarfieldMonument.jpg|The [[James A. Garfield Memorial]] in [[Lakeview Cemetery]] is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. |
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File:The Temple Tifereth Israel.jpg| [[Maltz Performing Arts Center]], converted synagogue operated by [[Case Western Reserve University]] |
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File:Tudor Arms ballroom.jpg|Ballroom of the Tudor Arms Doubletree Hotel renovated in 2011 |
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File:Seidman Cancer Center.jpg|[[University Hospitals of Cleveland|University Hospitals]] Seidman Cancer Center behind a mixed-use apartment building |
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File:Cleveland Museum of Art atrium expansion 2012.jpg |Inside the atrium of the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] |
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File:Allen Memorial Medical Library Exterior.jpg|[[Allen Memorial Medical Library]], home to the [[Dittrick Museum of Medical History]] |
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File:Francis K Glidden House Cleveland Ohio.jpg|Glidden House boutique hotel located at the Juniper Rd and Ford Rd intersection |
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File:Uptown Cleveland Apartments Euclid Ave II.jpg|Streetscape of [[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland)|Euclid Ave]] at E.115 showing Uptown |
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File:Peter B. Lewis Building - oblique 1.jpg|[[Frank Gehry]] designed Peter B Lewis Building serves as the [[Weatherhead School of Management]]. |
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File:Amasa Stone Chapel Case Western Reserve University Circle.jpg| [[Amasa Stone]] Chapel |
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File:Kelvin Smith Library.jpg|Kelvin Smith Library |
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File:John D. Rockefeller Case Western Reserve Physics Building 1905.png|[[John D. Rockefeller]] Physics Building |
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File:Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (26875646802).jpg| Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center |
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file:Cleveland Museum of Art - lagoon with statue.jpg|Wade Lagoon stretches in front of the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] |
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</gallery> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[List of Italian-American neighborhoods]] |
*[[List of Italian-American neighborhoods]] |
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== External links == |
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{{commons category}} |
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*[http://www.littleitalyredevelopment.org/ Little Italy Redevelopment Corporation] |
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*[http://www.clevelandlittleitaly.com/ Little Italy Cleveland] |
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*[http://www.cleveland.com/littleitalyguide/ Little Italy Guide at Cleveland.com] |
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* [http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=UC University Circle] from ''The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History'' |
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* [http://www.universitycircle.org/ University Circle Incorporated] |
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* [http://www.cleveland.com/universitycircleguide/ University Circle Guide] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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*[http://www.universitycircle.org/ University Circle Incorporated] |
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{{Cleveland}} |
{{Cleveland}} |
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{{Little Italy}} |
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{{Geographic Location |
{{Geographic Location |
||
| North = [[Glenville, Cleveland|Glenville]] |
| North = [[Glenville, Cleveland|Glenville]] |
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| East = [[Cleveland Heights, Ohio]] |
| East = [[Cleveland Heights, Ohio|Cleveland Heights]] |
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| Center = University Circle |
| Center = University Circle |
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| Northeast = [[East Cleveland, Ohio]] |
| Northeast = [[East Cleveland, Ohio|East Cleveland]] |
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| Northwest = [[Hough, Cleveland|Hough]] |
| Northwest = [[Hough, Cleveland|Hough]] |
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| |
| West = [[Fairfax, Cleveland|Fairfax]] |
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| South = |
| South = [[Buckeye–Woodhill]] |
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| Southeast = [[ |
| Southeast = [[Buckeye–Shaker]] |
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}} |
}} |
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{{ |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{coord missing|Ohio}} |
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[[Category:University Circle| ]] |
[[Category:University Circle| ]] |
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1799]] |
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[[Category:Academic enclaves]] |
[[Category:Academic enclaves]] |
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[[Category:Neighborhoods in Cleveland |
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Cleveland]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Italian-American culture in Cleveland]] |
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[[Category:Little Italys in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Tourist attractions in Cleveland]] |
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[[Category:Art gallery districts]] |
[[Category:Art gallery districts]] |
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[[Category:Medical districts]] |
Revision as of 20:54, 8 May 2024
University Circle | |
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![]() | |
![]() | |
Coordinates: 41°30′31″N 81°36′19″W / 41.50861°N 81.60528°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Ohio |
County | Cuyahoga County |
City | Cleveland |
Population | |
• Total | 7,661 |
Demographics[1] | |
• White | 56.4% |
• Black | 21.6% |
• Hispanic (of any race) | 3% |
• Asian and Pacific Islander | 17.7% |
• Mixed and Other | 4.3% |
Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
ZIP Codes | 44106 |
Area code | 216 |
Median income[1] | $17,194 |
Source: 2020 U.S. Census, City Planning Commission of Cleveland [2] |
University Circle is a district in the neighborhood of University on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. It is home to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance Hall (home to the Cleveland Orchestra), the Cleveland Institute of Art, the Cleveland Cinematheque, Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Institute of Music, the Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland, the Cleveland Botanical Garden, historic Lake View Cemetery, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and University Hospitals/Case Medical Center.
Encompassing approximately 550 acres (220 ha) the University neighborhood is bordered to the north by the Glenville neighborhood, to the south by the Buckeye-Shaker neighborhood, to the west and southwest by the neighborhoods of Hough and Fairfax (also known as Midtown) and to the east by the cities of East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights. University Circle is member of the Global Cultural Districts Network.
While the population of University Circle ranks on the lower end of Cleveland's 36 defined Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs), it ranks near the top in importance to the city's economic sector. Neighborhood businesses and institutions provide the city with more than 30,000 jobs in a variety of fields, including averaging 1,000 new jobs per year since 2005.[3] Nearby attractions draw approximately 2.5 million visitors annually.[4] As the neighborhood's name implies, higher learning is a major part of the culture of University Circle, with over 13,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attending the area's various institutions. University Circle Inc., a not-for-profit corporation established in 1957, serves as the neighborhood chamber of commerce, providing many administrative and quasi-governmental functions for the area, including security, transportation administration, and marketing.[5] University Circle has its own full-service police department to provide security and patrol the area.[6]
Media coverage
In 2021, USA Today ranked University Circle #1 as the "Best Arts District" in America.[7] Forbes ranked University as one of America's Prettiest Neighborhoods; with high praise for its symphony orchestra, museums, botanical garden, planetarium, high-end foods, world class culture, and walkability.[8] In a 2007 USA Today article entitled "10 great places to discover Italy in America", Mario Batali was quoted as saying, "Corbo's Bakery has the best cassata (cake) I have tried in the USA."[9] The article listed Cleveland's Little Italy as a top ten Little Italy in America. Askmen.com ranked Cleveland's Little Italy #3 out of 10 in their list of "Top 10: Little Italies".[10]
Notable institutions and landmarks
Points of interest in the University Circle neighborhood include:
- Case Western Reserve University
- Severance Hall (Home to the Cleveland Orchestra)
- The Cleveland Museum of Art
- The Cleveland Museum of Natural History
- The Cleveland Botanical Garden
- The Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA)
- The Cleveland Institute of Art
- The Cleveland Institute of Music and the Cleveland Music School Settlement
- Cleveland Cinematheque
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center[11]
- Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital[12]
- Seidman Cancer Center[13]
- MacDonald Women's Hospital[14]
- The Western Reserve Historical Society
- The Dittrick Museum of Medical History
- Lake View Cemetery
- Rockefeller Park
- Cozad–Bates House Interpretive Center
- John Hay High School
- Cleveland School of the Arts
- Nottingham-Spirk Innovation Center
- Tara Seibel Art Gallery
- Hawken School University Circle campus
- Montessori Elementary at Holy Rosary[15]
History
19th century
University Circle was known during the early 19th century as Doan’s Corners, after Nathanial Doan, a member of the Connecticut Land Company, who settled his family and started a community there.[16]
The name "University Circle" began to take shape in the 1880s. Western Reserve University moved its campus from Hudson, Ohio, to Euclid Avenue in 1883. Case School of Applied Science moved from Downtown Cleveland to a site next to WRU in 1885. Their relocation led to the birth of an educational center and the creation of a new community called University Circle, named in part after these new institutions—but also the circular street intersection and trolley turnaround located at Euclid Avenue and Doan Brook Boulevard (Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard today).[17]
By the 1890s, the Western Reserve School of Design for Women (Cleveland Institute of Art) moved to University Circle, and the concept of developing a world-class arts and cultural center came to life. The concept became more concrete when Jeptha Wade, a trustee of Western Reserve University, set aside land for the Cleveland Museum of Art to be built in the Circle, which required the Cleveland Zoological Park, now known as the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, to be relocated to its present-day location of Old Brooklyn. The Historical Society (Western Reserve Historical Society) joined these institutions before the start of the 20th century.[16]
20th century
The Circle began to grow rapidly in the early 20th century. The Cleveland Museum of Art opened its doors in 1916. By the 1920s and 1930s, 19 educational and cultural institutions were located in the area, from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History to the Cleveland Hearing and Speech Center to the Cleveland Botanical Garden and others.
Cleveland's college football scene began in University Circle through both Case and Western Reserve football teams. Van Horn Field hosted games against Ohio State, Notre Dame, and Alabama. Famed Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne made his coaching debut against Case in University Circle in 1918. In 1920, The Alabama Crimson Tide played their first ever game in the north at Van Horn Field against Case.
The arrival of University Hospitals in 1931 (founded in 1866) led to health care becoming another center of innovation in University Circle. Less than one mile (1.6 km) away from University Hospitals, the Cleveland Clinic had been serving its patients since 1921. Also in 1931 Severance Hall, home of the Cleveland Orchestra, was constructed at the corner of Euclid and East Boulevard.[16] By 1950, 34 institutions had chosen University Circle as their home.[17] In 1967, Case School of Applied Science and Western Reserve University confederated to become Case Western Reserve University.[18]
21st century
University Circle remains Cleveland's center for cultural, educational, religious, and social-service institutions. The area is currently undergoing many construction projects with many institutions expanding, and private development of residential and commercial dwellings. New housing developments in the area have increased the number of year-round residents in the area to an estimated 15,000 as of 2013.[19]
In 2012, the Museum of Contemporary Art (MoCA) opened its new permanent location in University Circle at the corner of Mayfield Road and Euclid Avenue.[20]
Public transportation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/HealthLine_1.jpg/220px-HealthLine_1.jpg)
University Circle is served by multiple forms of transportation, including rapid train, bus, bus rapid transit (BRT), and circulators. Unique from other Cleveland neighborhoods, it contains two train stops on the RTA's Red Line, the Little Italy-University Circle Station and the University Circle-Cedar Rapid Station. The CircleLink shuttle service (colloquially known as the "Greenie") provides free public transportation within University Circle. It provides service between the north and south sides of the CWRU campus, from University Circle to Coventry Village, around the CWRU campus and the University Hospitals of Cleveland, and between the Urban Child Research Center and the main Case campus.[21] The new BRT HealthLine, which opened on October 24, 2008, is the newest option to the neighborhood, being a major destination on the line along Euclid Avenue that connects Public Square to Louis Stokes Station at Windermere in East Cleveland. In a $197 million project,[22] Euclid Avenue was rebuilt during construction, with the installation of public art, new lighting, and sidewalks along the entire length of the HealthLine, along with dedicated bus lanes. There are seven HealthLine stops in University Circle and runs 24 hours. Additionally, many bus routes have stops in University Circle, including bus numbers 7, 8, 9, 10, 32, 38, and 48/48A.
Events
University Circle is known for its year-round cultural events:
- Hessler Street Fair (May)
- Parade the Circle (Jun)[23]
- Summer Solstice Party (Cleveland Museum of Art) (Jun)[24]
- International Folk Festival (Jun)
- WOW! Wade Oval Wednesdays (Jun-Aug)[25]
- Feast of the Assumption (August 15 weekend)
- Showcase in the Circle and Home Tour (Sep)[26]
- Cleveland's RIPE! Fest (Botanical Garden) (Sep)[27]
- Little Italy Columbus Day Parade (Oct)[28]
- Holiday CircleFest (Dec)[29]
Construction and expansion projects
University Circle is undergoing $2 billion in construction and renovation projects.[30]
Uptown project
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cleveland_Uptown_Apartments_University_Circle.jpg/220px-Cleveland_Uptown_Apartments_University_Circle.jpg)
The Uptown project is a multi-phase, $150 million-plus retail, entertainment, restaurant and cultural project under development by MRN Ltd. of Cleveland, and sponsored by Case Western Reserve University and University Circle Inc. Its location creates a true center to University Circle.
A $44.5 million "Phase I" broke ground on August 2, 2010, creating two mixed-use buildings of 102 apartments above first floor retail.[31]
Additional anchors of the project currently under construction include the $66 million expansion of the Cleveland Institute of Art[32] and the $32 million new home for the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA).[33] The new MOCA is designed by the London architect Farshid Moussavi. The surrounding pedestrian plaza is designed by James Corner Field Operations, the same landscape architecture firm who designed the High Line in New York City.[34]
The $21 million "Phase II" consists of 43 apartments, dormitories for the Cleveland Institute of Art, and retail. The anchor tenant is a two-story bowling alley, known as Corner Alley. Completion date was in fall 2014.[35] Euclid–East 120th (RTA Rapid Transit station) has been relocated to Mayfield Road at East 119th Street. With a total cost of $17.5 million, it was renamed the Little Italy-University Circle Rapid Station.[36]
On November 30, 2011, the New York Times showcased the project with an article entitled "Cleveland Turns Uptown Into New Downtown".[34]
Cleveland Museum of Art expansion
On March 7, 2005 the Cleveland Museum of Art embarked on a multi-year project to renovate and expand into the next century. The project is designed by architect Rafael Viñoly, combining old and new styles. At a total cost of $350 million, it is the largest cultural project in the history of the state of Ohio and one of the most comprehensive renovation and expansion projects in the museum field in the nation.[37]
University Hospitals/Case Medical Center expansion
Three new facilities and structures opened in summer of 2011. They include the $250 million Seidman Cancer Center, $41 million Center for Emergency Medicine, and a $30 million new parking structure.[38]
Train stations
Both current University Circle train stations were rehabbed and reconstructed by August 2015.
The University Circle-Cedar Rd rapid station underwent a complete rehab, using an ADA-compliant design to include a new rail entry plaza, waiting area, and train loading platform. A new bus terminal was also constructed on the north side of Cedar Road with a pedestrian connection between the bus terminal and the rail station. Secured funding included a $10.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation and a $2 million grant from the Federal Transit Administration—totaling $12.5 million in federal funds.[39]
The Euclid–East 120th rapid station was relocated in conjunction with the Uptown Project to E.119 St and Mayfield Rd. Funding was received through a $12.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation, via the Federal Transit Administration. The final cost of the new station was around $17.5 million.[40]
Louis Stokes VA Medical Center expansion
Totaling a $526 million expansion, this project includes a seven-story administrative office tower, living space for 122 homeless veterans, a 2,000-car parking garage, and a seven-story tower with 222 patient beds. Among the other parts of the project are the renovation of the hematology/oncology unit, expansion of the radiation area, building two floors on top of the atrium to accommodate various services, and an expanded operating room.[41]
Case Western Reserve University expansion
Two major new construction projects have recently broken ground:
- Tinkham Veale Student Center
- Wyant Field House
In Spring 2012, Case Western Reserve University campus underwent the construction of $50 million student center in the center of campus. It is known as the Tinkham Veale Student Center designed by Ralph Johnson of Perkins + Will. It encompasses 82,000-square-feet, has 24/7 student access, and is environmentally friendly—with a green roof to absorb rainwater and windows designed to prevent excessive heat from sunlight.[42] The second project is known as the Wyant Field House, enclosing the last open portion of DiSanto Field. The Wyant Field House is approximately 24,000 square feet and serves as a facility for varsity athletes and the 2,500 students who reside at The Village. The facility includes weight training and cardiovascular areas, a Varsity Club lounge, and multipurpose space.[43]
Little Italy
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cleveland%27s_Little_Italy.jpg/220px-Cleveland%27s_Little_Italy.jpg)
Little Italy (Italian: Piccola Italia)[44] is an ethnic enclave that serves as the historic center of Cleveland's Italian American community.[45] It is located from E. 119th to E. 125th streets on Murray Hill and Mayfield roads, situated at the eastern city limits, along a long, moderately sloping grade that ascends in elevation approximately 300 feet.[46][better source needed] It is bounded to the east and south by suburban Cleveland Heights, to the northeast by Lakeview Cemetery, and to the west by CSX, Norfolk Southern, and Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority Red Line railroad tracks, which separates it from the rest of University Circle.
Points and events of interest
Little Italy is known for its several culinary, historic, and cultural sites. Its biggest attractions are the restaurants, bakeries, and pizzerias. It is home to everything from a thriving art gallery, to scene boutique shops—and even a technology startup. The best known historic structure is Holy Rosary Church built in 1908. Culturally, Little Italy is home to the Italian American Museum of Cleveland and the Alta House, the neighborhood community center founded in 1895. The private elementary and middle school is Montessori Elementary at Holy Rosary Church. Tony Brush Park[47] provides the neighborhoods green space and playgrounds.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Feast_of_the_Assumption_in_Little_Italy_Cleveland_%2836388057482%29.jpg/250px-Feast_of_the_Assumption_in_Little_Italy_Cleveland_%2836388057482%29.jpg)
Each August, the Roman Catholic congregation of the historic Holy Rosary Church celebrates the 4-day festival for the Feast of the Assumption, in which Little Italy stages Greater Cleveland's largest Italian-American street festival. Every October, Little Italy hosts the city's Columbus Day Parade. The neighborhood enjoys art walks a few times a year, usually in June, October, and December.
History
Little Italy began in 1895 when immigrant Joseph Carabelli saw the need for monument work in Cleveland's Lakeview Cemetery and established what soon became the city's leading marble and granite works. Local Cleveland industrial billionaire John D. Rockefeller took a special liking to the Italian immigrants of the neighborhood and commissioned the building of the community center Alta House, named after his daughter Alta Rockefeller Prentice, in 1900. Little Italy is also home to the first Italian restaurant to open in the State of Ohio, Guarino's,[48] which is also the oldest restaurant in the city, opening in 1918.[49][50] The first hand-crank pasta machine was invented in Little Italy by Angelo Vitantonio, an Italian immigrant to Cleveland. He received a patent for the product in 1906, and went on to found the Italian kitchenware manufacturer VillaWare, which continues to operate today.[51]
In 1911, it was estimated that 96% of the inhabitants were Italian-born, and another 2% were of Italian parents. Ettore Boiardi (Chef Boyardee) opened his first restaurant, Il Giardino d'Italia, in the 1920s. As the nearby neighborhoods of Glenville and Hough became increasingly African American by the 1950s, Little Italy experienced racial tensions which were especially on display in 1964 when Murray Hill School was integrated, and during the 1966 Hough riots.[52] In 1993, the community dedicated Tony Brush Park, named for champion boxer and Little Italy resident Anthony Brescia, at Mayfield and Random roads. Major residential project expansions occurred in 2003 with the 20-unit Villa Carabelli,[53] in 2005 with the 15-unit Random Road Lofts townhomes,[54] and in 2011 the 27-unit 27 Coltman townhouses.[55] The neighborhood bocce courts are located at the Alta House, and in 2011 underwent a complete remodeling in a $110,000 project, being named in honor of Nick and Dorothy Lucarelli.
For a large part of its history, Cleveland was home to the largest Mafia organization between New York and Chicago.[56] The Mayfield Road Mob was the name of a gang which began around 1920 in Little Italy. Among the members of the "Mayfield Road Mob" were James T. Licavoli and Jimmy Fratianno. This Mafia faction was even mentioned by its old name in the movie "The Godfather" as the Lakeview Road Gang, as Lakeview Cemetery borders Mayfield Road Hill.
Gallery
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Severance Hall, home to the Cleveland Orchestra
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Cozad-Bates House built 1853
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Main entrance to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History
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Hershey Children's Garden at the Cleveland Botanical Garden
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The Cleveland Institute of Art is centered in a former Ford Model T factory
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Maltz Performing Arts Center, converted synagogue operated by Case Western Reserve University
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Ballroom of the Tudor Arms Doubletree Hotel renovated in 2011
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University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center behind a mixed-use apartment building
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Inside the atrium of the Cleveland Museum of Art
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Glidden House boutique hotel located at the Juniper Rd and Ford Rd intersection
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Streetscape of Euclid Ave at E.115 showing Uptown
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Frank Gehry designed Peter B Lewis Building serves as the Weatherhead School of Management.
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Amasa Stone Chapel
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Kelvin Smith Library
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John D. Rockefeller Physics Building
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Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center
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Wade Lagoon stretches in front of the Cleveland Museum of Art
See also
References
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "27 Coltman - Brickhaus". www.brickhauspartners.com.
- ^ "Cleveland Mafia". Clevelandmob.com. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
External links
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