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Following the eruption of the [[Israel–Hamas war]], the United States began to send warships and military aircraft into the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] and supplying Israel with ammunition and military equipment.
Following the eruption of the [[Israel–Hamas war]], the United States began to send warships and military aircraft into the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] and supplying Israel with ammunition and military equipment.


The US stated that Israel would receive "whatever it needs" to support a counteroffensive against the [[Governance of the Gaza Strip|Hamas-ruled]] [[Gaza Strip]].<ref name="TimeCOPP">{{cite news |last1=COPP |first1=TARA |title=Ships, Planes, Weapons, Troops: Here's All the Military Support the U.S. Is Readying for Israel |url=https://time.com/6325247/us-military-assistance-israel/ |agency=Time |date=2023}}</ref>
The US stated that Israel would receive "whatever it needs" to support a counteroffensive against the [[Governance of the Gaza Strip|Hamas-ruled]] [[Gaza Strip]].<ref name="TimeCOPP">{{cite news |last1=COPP |first1=TARA |title=Ships, Planes, Weapons, Troops: Here's All the Military Support the U.S. Is Readying for Israel |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110173047/https://time.com/6325247/us-military-assistance-israel/ |agency=Time |date=2023}}</ref>
It also promised more military aid to Israel. On 20 October, [[Joe Biden|President Biden]] announced that he had asked Congress for $14 billion in additional aid.<ref name="BBC"/>
It also promised more military aid to Israel. On 20 October, [[Joe Biden|President Biden]] announced that he had asked Congress for $14 billion in additional aid.<ref name="BBC"/>


Revision as of 05:50, 19 March 2024

U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant in the city of Tel Aviv, Israel, 13 October 2023

Following the eruption of the Israel–Hamas war, the United States began to send warships and military aircraft into the Eastern Mediterranean and supplying Israel with ammunition and military equipment.

The US stated that Israel would receive "whatever it needs" to support a counteroffensive against the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip.[1] It also promised more military aid to Israel. On 20 October, President Biden announced that he had asked Congress for $14 billion in additional aid.[2]

Israel and the United States were becoming increasingly isolated amid growing global calls for a ceasefire,[3][4][5] with the latter vetoing multiple United Nation Security Council resolutions calling for a ceasefire and increased humanitarian aid to be allowed into Gaza.[6] International rights groups have condemned the U.S. for providing military and diplomatic support that risks complicity in war crimes.[7][8][9][10] Biden has faced increasing opposition to US support for Israel, including from within his own administration.[11]

Background

Further information: 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, Israel–Hamas war, and Israel–United States military relations § Military aid and procurement
Graph showing recipients of U.S. foreign aid, 1946–2022[12]

After Hamas gunmen attacked Israel on October 7, resulting in death of 1,139 Israelis, Israel began a campaign against Gaza.[13][14] Since the start of the Israeli operation, more than 30,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed,[15] including over 12,300 children and 8,400 women.[16] Several thousand more are missing and presumed trapped under rubble.[17][18] And Israel has placed a complete blockade on Gaza to prevent fuel and water from entering the Gaza Strip.[19][20][21][22][23] The United States described Hamas' preemptive attack as "unprovoked,"[24] and started sending warships and warplanes into the region, prepared to give Israel whatever it needs.[1] The United States Commission on Civil Rights called on the government to address the underlying issues that have led to the recent violence, such Israel's 56-year illegal possession of the Palestinian lands and its 16-year blockade of Gaza, "and the apartheid regime throughout historic Palestine."[25]

Since Israel's founding in 1948, it has received $158 billion in military aid from the United States, making it the greatest recipient in history.[25][26] Following Israel's victory over surrounding Arab forces in 1967 and its subsequent occupation of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Gaza, military assistance to the country surged significantly. Iron Dome, which became operational in 2011, was created with the help of the United States, which is responsible for providing components for the system, including allocating more than $1.5 billion for missile defense for Israel in 2022.[27] As part of a record $38 billion agreement over ten years negotiated under former US President Barack Obama in 2016, US military aid to Israel exceeded $3.8 billion in 2023. Of the $3.8 billion in military aid given to Israel this year, half a billion was for Israel's missile defense. Washington has announced that it will replenish Israel's ammunition used in the recent war against Hamas.[27]

Timeline

October

  • Hours after the Israel–Hamas war on October 7, the United States started sending warships and warplanes into the region, prepared to give Israel whatever it needs.[1]
    • US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin ordered the deployment of United States Navy's Carrier Strike Group 12, led by the USS Gerald R. Ford.[28][29][1]
    • Israel asked the United States for Iron Dome interceptors, and President Joe Biden said Washington would quickly provide additional equipment and resources, including ammunition, which are going to reach Israel within days.
    • US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Washington would provide its "full support" to Israel, with guided missile launchers and F-35 fighter jets among the equipment being sent.[1]
U.S. President Joe Biden, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Israeli President Isaac Herzog in Tel Aviv, Israel, 18 October 2023
  • By October 10, more ships and troops were on their way to Israel, and additional troops in the United States were being prepared to deploy if requested. One US aircraft carrier and its strike group were already in the eastern Mediterranean, and a second US carrier had left and was underway.
    • In addition, three naval warships were sent to the area. A large number of aircraft were sent to US military bases throughout the Middle East, and US special operations forces cooperated with the Israeli military in planning and intelligence.[1]
    • As Israel prepares for a possible ground attack on Gaza, the Biden administration and prominent members of Congress are preparing an aid package from the United States with about $2 billion in additional funding to support Israel, Time reported.[30]
  • On October 12, Secretary of State Antony Blinken reiterated America's commitment to Israel's security during a news conference with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.[19]
  • On October 14, Defence Secretary Lloyd J. Austin III announced that he had dispatched a second aircraft carrier to the eastern Mediterranean “to deter hostile actions against Israel or any efforts towards widening this war”. In addition, the Air Force was sending twice as many F-16, A-10, and F-15E squadrons as before to the Persian Gulf region in order to intensify its land-based assault aircraft presence there. According to officials, the United States would have an aerial armada of more than 100 attack planes when combined with the four squadrons of F/A-18 jets that were stationed onboard each carrier. Additionally, to help with intelligence gathering and preparation for any operations aimed at locating and rescuing the 150 hostages—among them, some Americans—that Hamas is allegedly keeping, the Pentagon had dispatched a small team of Special Operations personnel to Israel.[31]
  • On October 15, the White House declared that it would attempt this week to get congressional approval of a fresh $2 billion weaponry aid package for Israel and Ukraine.[32]
    • Also US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin ordered about 2,000 troops to be prepared for possible deployment to Israel, several defense officials said.[33][1]
    • According to three American officials and one Israeli official, the Biden administration was discussing about the possibility of using military force if Hezbollah joins the Gaza war.[34]
    • The United States was prepared to send more forces as a deterrent to the Middle East if necessary.[35]
  • By October 17, five shipments of American weapons and equipment had arrived in Israel.[1] The United States has put 2,000 troops on high alert and extended the deployment of an aircraft carrier in the Middle East.[36]
  • On October 19, one day after travelling to Israel, US President urged Congress to increase military aid to Israel and Ukraine.[37]
    • Biden claimed that Hamas aimed to "annihilate" democracy in Israel.[13]
  • On October 20, Biden announced that the additional fund he asked Congress to authorize would come to a total of $14 billion, as part of a $105 billion military aid package.[2][13]
  • On October 21 the Pentagon declared that two of its most potent missile defence systems—a THAAD battery and extra Patriot batteries—would be deployed to the Middle East.[2][38]

November

The USS Dwight D. Eisenhower and the USS Gerald R. Ford carrier strike groups in November 2023
  • A Republican plan, approved by the United States House of Representatives, allocates $14.5 billion in military aid for Israel. Also, Israel has received the highest amount of military assistance from the US compared to any other nation since World War II, with aid exceeding $124 billion.[39]

December

US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, US Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Charles Q. Brown Jr. and Israeli Chief of General Staff Herzi Halevi in Tel Aviv, Israel, 18 December 2023
  • A Wall Street Journal report says that the United States has given Israel a range of munitions, including so-called "bunker buster" bombs, for its war in Gaza. The WSJ report stated that US arms shipments to Israel since the start of the war included 15,000 bombs and 57,000 155mm artillery shells, mostly carried on C-17 military cargo planes. U.S. has also sent more than 5,000 unguided Mk82 bombs, more than 5,400 Mk84 bombs, about 1,000 small diameter GBU-39 bombs, and almost 3,000 JDAMs. The Wall Street Journal says that some of the bloodiest Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip have involved the use of big US-made bombs, such as the one that destroyed an apartment complex in the Jabalia refugee camp and killed over a hundred people.[40]
  • The United States vetoed another UN Security Council resolution calling for a humanitarian ceasefire on December 8.[9]
  • On December 9, the Pentagon said that on the prior day, Biden used emergency authority to skip congressional review to sell ~14,000 tank shells worth $106.5 million for immediate delivery to Israel.[41]
  • On December 29, the United States government again hastily sold to Israel artillery shells and related weapons worth 147.5 million dollars to replenish Israel's dwindling weapons stockpile.[42]

January

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Israeli President Isaac Herzog in Tel Aviv, Israel, 9 January 2024
  • On January 4, John Kirby stated the United States had "not seen anything" that Israel had done that would make the US change its approach.[43]
  • On January 18, US Department of State spokesman Matthew Miller stated, "Our support for Israel remains ironclad."[44]
  • PM Netanyahu stated that he would not support a Palestinian state and that he was proud to have thus far prevented a state, leading Biden to comment that he believed a two-state solution was still possible with Netanyahu in power.[45]
  • On January 19, John Kirby stated, "We don’t have any indications that there’s deliberate efforts to commit war crimes" by Israel.[46]
  • Brett McGurk, the White House leader of post-war Gaza planning, was reportedly pushing a plan that would exchange minimal Israeli interference in the Palestinian Territories for Saudi normalization with Israel.[47]
  • The CIA established a new taskforce to provide intelligence to Israel regarding Hamas leaders.[48]

February

  • Biden called Israel's actions in Gaza "over the top" and issued a memorandum requiring military aid be provided only to country's following international law.[49][50]
  • In a call with Benjamin Netanyahu, Biden stated Israel could invade Rafah with U.S. support when they had a "credible and executable plan" in place.[51]
  • The State Department stated it was reviewing reports of Israel harming Palestinian civilians in Gaza.[52]
  • The Senate passed a $14 billion USD aid package for Israel.[53]
  • Three U.S. officials stated that Israeli forces could invade Rafah and kill civilians with no consequences from the United States.[54]
  • The U.S. began preparing to send Israel more weapons ahead of its planned Rafah offensive,[55] stating, "Israel takes effective action to prevent gross violations of human rights."[56]
  • US Ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield stated she would continue vetoing UN Security Council resolutions seeking an "immediate humanitarian ceasefire’."[57]
    • Two days later, Thomas-Greenfield vetoed a resolution seeking an immediate ceasefire.[58]
  • A draft UN Security Council resolution by the US called for a temporary ceasefire and stated a Rafah offensive would have "serious implications" for the region.[59]
  • U.S. Congressman Andy Ogles responded that "we should kill 'em all" when asked about the deaths of Palestinian children in Gaza.[60]
  • A 25-year-old Air Force serviceman immolated himself in front of the Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C. in protest of the war.[61]
  • The United States requested written confirmation from Israel that it was using U.S. weapons in accordance with international law or face a pause in weapons transfers.[62]

March

  • Following the Flour massacre, the Biden administration began airdrops of aid.[63] Officials stated, "Biden remains unwilling to make any major shifts in his policy toward Israel, including placing conditions on military aid to Israel".[64]
    • Algeria proposed a motion to the UN Security Council to release a statement condemning the massacre, which was blocked by the United States.[65]
  • Biden called on House Republicans to pass his military funding bill for Israel to "defend itself".[66]
  • In a speech in Selma, U.S. vice president Kamala Harris called for a six-week temporary ceasefire, stating, "President Joe Biden and I are unwavering in our commitment to Israel’s security".[67][68]
  • After vetoing a UN ceasefire resolution the month prior, UN Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield stated, "Not nearly enough humanitarian aid is getting into the hands of Palestinians".[69]
  • Kamala Harris was reportedly urging Biden to speak more about the high death toll and plight of survivors in Gaza.[70]
  • U.S. officials told Congress they had approved more than 100 arms sales to Israel since 7 October.[71]
  • Some of Biden's closest allies in the U.S. Senate — including Chris Coons, Jack Reed, Tim Kaine, and Patty Murray — were reportedly pressuring Biden to change his tactics in Gaza.[72]
  • Senator Bernie Sanders, along with seven other U.S. senators, warned Biden that arming Israel was a violation of the Foreign Assistance Act, which bars the U.S. from arming countries that limit humanitarian aid.[73][74]
  • An intelligence report found that Israel was likely to experience armed resistance from Hamas "for years to come" and that Netanyahu's viability as leader "may be in jeopardy".[75]
  • In a speech, the Senate Majority Leader stated that if Netanyahu stayed in power after the war, "the United States will have no choice but to play a more active role in shaping Israeli policy by using our leverage to change the present course"[76]

Analysis

U.S. lawmakers have long viewed Israel as an ally to help protect U.S. strategic interests in the Middle East. Maintaining Israel's regional military hegemony, according to Al-Jazeera, is a central element of U.S. Middle East policy. This has been achieved with U.S. financial aid and an increase in Israel's military arsenal.[27] Josh Paul, who resigned over sending arms to Israel, has described Biden policy in favor of "the status quo of the occupation" and a "shortsighted, destructive, unjust" policy that "will only lead to more and deeper suffering for both the Israeli and the Palestinian people — and is not in the long term American interest."[77]

Although the U.S. has asked Israel to protect civilians and allow humanitarian aid, State Secretary Antony Blinken acknowledged that there is "a gap" between these appeals and "the actual results that we’re seeing on the ground." The United States has not used its leverage over Israel—its weapons transfers and diplomatic support—to ensure civilian safety, leading the Washington Post to describe American rhetoric as a "good cop-bad cop approach." Aaron David Miller of the CEIP said that the Biden administration deserved credit for the humanitarian pause negotiations, but that it had "tethered" itself to Israeli war aims that cannot be achieved without bringing "grievous harm to the civilian population."[78] American political scientist Ian Bremmer stated the Biden administration's position unconditionally supporting Israel had left Joe Biden as isolated on the world stage as Russia president Vladimir Putin.[79]

By 13 December 2023, Israel and the United States were becoming increasingly isolated amid growing global calls for a ceasefire.[3][4][5][6] Ali Harb described the contradictions between media reports about Biden's "frustration" with Netanyahu, and his continued military support for Israel, stating, "The US keeps calling for minimising civilian casualties, but the Palestinian death toll keeps growing. The Biden administration repeatedly emphasises the two-state solution; Israeli leaders continue to explicitly say they oppose the establishment of a Palestinian state."[80] In March 2024, Al Jazeera English senior analyst Marwan Bishara assessed a perceived shift in Biden's tone toward the war, stating, "Biden is underlining a change of tone, not a change of policy. And that explains a bit why he sounds as if he’s speaking from both sides of his mouth."[81]

Double standards

See also: Political hypocrisy § Case study: United States

The Islamic world and much of the Global South accused United States and its allies of double standard in condemning an illegal occupation in Ukraine while standing firmly behind Israel that has occupied Palestinian lands.[82] Western leaders, pressed for weeks to say whether the loss of thousands mostly civilian lives could be a violation of international law, spoke only tentatively, adding that they could not judge: "We're not going to get dragged into all this judge-and-jury role," US national security adviser Jake Sullivan said.[83] A year earlier, in March 2022, United States Department of State officially announced that, based on available information, the US government assessed that members of Russian forces in Ukraine had committed war crimes."[83] The number of civilians killed in Gaza in two months is more than those killed in Ukraine in more than two years, according to some accounts. The U.S. State Department has said there is no need to launch any formal domestic investigation into whether Israel has committed war crimes, even though the weapons it uses are supplied by the US.[83] In a speech to the European Parliament, the EU's top diplomat, Josep Borrell, said water cuts are a violation of international law, regardless of where it occur, in Ukraine or in Gaza.[84]

Backlash to US support

Human rights organizations and UN officials have heavily criticized the Biden administration for vetoing multiple UN resolutions calling for an immediate ceasefire and for continuing to send arms to Israel. Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas said the US was complicit in war crimes,[85] and Amnesty International's Secretary General said that the veto showed that the US "displays a callous disregard for civilian suffering in the face of a staggering death toll."[86] Doctors Without Borders said that the veto "stands in sharp contrast to the values it professes to uphold," and that the US was providing "diplomatic cover for the ongoing atrocities in Gaza."[86] Human Rights Watch said that the veto and the military support "risks complicity in war crimes."[7] Following the veto, a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a ceasefire garnered overwhelming support, with 153 countries voting for the resolution to 10 opposed.[87] Turkey's president called for reform of the UN Security Council system that allows for the five permanent members to veto resolutions supported by the overwhelming majority of countries.[88]

Polling by the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies showed 94 percent of respondents in sixteen Middle East countries had a negative view of U.S. policy in the war and 76 percent had a diminished view of the country due to its policies.[89] In a social media post, the Palestine UN mission criticized the US secretary of state for not acknowledging the tens of thousands of killed Palestinians in his post marking the 100 days since the start of the war.[90]

On 4 February 2024, Irish MEP Mick Wallace accused the United States of lacking respect for other cultures or international law after it initiated a bombing campaign against Yemen.[91] Following a US veto of a UN Security Council resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire, Zhang Jun, China’s ambassador to the UN, stated it was "nothing different from giving the green light to the continued slaughter".[92] Marc Owen Jones, a professor at Hamad Bin Khalifa University, criticized Biden's 2024 State of the Union Address, stating that it reflected "the Israeli line that everything they are doing, the genocide, the mass killings, is a response to October 7".[93]

Within Congress

U.S. House

On October 29, 2023, the only Palestinian-American in Congress, Rashida Tlaib (D-MI), accused Israel of committing genocide, saying, "President Biden, not all America is with you on this one, and you need to wake up and understand. We are literally watching people commit genocide."[94] House Representative Lloyd Doggett (D-TX) stated on December 27, 2023 that US policy in Israel had failed.[95] Representative Jim McGovern (D-MA) stated on January 3, 2024 that Israeli officials' statements calling for the forced displacement of Palestinians from Gaza were "reprehensible."[96] Representatives Rashida Tlaib and Cori Bush (D-MO) released a joint statement on January 12 in support of the South Africa v. Israel case, stating, "The US must stop trying to discredit and undermine this case and the international legal system it claims to support."[97] Congressmembers Ro Khanna (D-CA), Val Hoyle (D-OR), and Senator Mike Lee (R-UT) condemned Biden's 2024 missile strikes in Yemen on January 12, stating only Congress has the power to approve a war.[98] A January 19 letter from 60 Democratic Party congressmembers urged U.S. Secretary Antony Blinken to firmly condemn the forced displacement of Palestinians from Gaza.[99] A group of a dozen Jewish congress members issued a statement on January 19 condemning Netanyahu's opposition to a Palestinian state, reading, "We strongly disagree with the Prime Minister. A two-state solution is the path forward."[100]

Texan Congressman Lloyd Doggett wrote on January 24: "After all America has done for him, if Netanyahu ‘needs to be able to say no’ to us, we need to say no to him and do so now!"[101] On January 24, a group of five Congressmembers requested the Government Accountability Office to review whether arms transferred to Israel were being used to violate international law.[102] Mark Pocan (D-WI) criticized Biden's decision to suspend UNRWA funding, stating on January 29: "UNRWA feeds 1.2 million people a day, as well as helps distribute aid now to all Palestinians in need. Aid needs to be restored now to help the displaced millions in Gaza."[103] Chuy Garcia (D-IL) stated, "The US should reverse its decision to freeze UNRWA funding.[104] 0n February 11, 2024, Congresswoman Cori Bush criticized Israel's impending invasion of Rafah, stating, "Almost half of Gaza’s population has taken refuge in Rafah. There’s nowhere else to go."[105] Congressman Ro Khanna also criticized Biden's response to Israel's planned attack on Rafah, stating, "This is not the time for vague generalities about doing more to protect civilian life."[106]

On February 28, U.S. Congresswoman Madeleine Dean (D-PA) called for an end to the war and condemned Netanyahu, stating, "Prime Minister Netanyahu’s dishonesty – his broken promises to use precision strikes to protect civilians and his false claims that safe zones have been created and enforced – is unacceptable".[107] A group of two dozen House members demanded Biden and Blinken take steps to ensure journalists' safety in Gaza, stating: "Not enough steps have been taken to safeguard the lives of the civilian population in Gaza, including journalists".[108] On 29 February, Congressman Jim McGovern called for the U.S. to increase humanitarian aid to Gaza, stating, "Massive humanitarian support is needed to save innocent lives."[109] A group of six U.S. House Representatives — Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), Sean Casten (D-IL), Madeleine Dean, Becca Balint (D-VT), Salud Carbajal (D-CA), and Mark Takano (D-CA) — returned from a trip to Israel and released a joint statement, saying, "We are deeply worried that Prime Minister Netanyahu is moving toward the total destruction of Gaza and has demonstrated an utter disregard for Palestinian lives".[110]

U.S. Senate

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer with Israeli President Herzog in Tel Aviv, Israel, 15 October 2023

On November 2, 2023, Senator Dick Durbin (D-IL) became the first U.S. Senator to call for a permanent ceasefire.[111] He was followed by Jeff Merkley (D-OR) later that same month.[112][113] On December 23, 2023, US Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD), stated, "There’s a big gap between what the United States says is essential, and what the Netanyahu government is prepared to do. And when you see these big gaps, the United States looks feckless."[114] US Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) criticized Biden's emergency sale of weapons to Israel on December 30, 2023, stating, "Why should the Admin bypass Congress on arms sales to any nation? Bypassing Congress = keeping the American public in the dark."[115] U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) forced a vote on January 17, 2024 on a resolution requiring the State Department to explore whether U.S. weapons were being used to violate international humanitarian law.[116]

On February 7, 2024, U.S. Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) stated he would support an amendment requiring weapons sold internationally to be used in compliance with U.S. law, international humanitarian law, and the laws of armed conflict.[117] In a speech on February 13, Senator Chris Van Hollen accused the Israeli government of committing war crimes in Gaza, stating, "Kids in Gaza are now dying from the deliberate withholding of food. That is a war crime. It is a textbook war crime. And that makes those who orchestrate it war criminals."[118] On March 9, Senator Bernie Sanders criticized members of Congress, stating, "It is absurd to criticise Netanyahu’s war in one breath and provide another $10bn to continue that war in the next."[119]

Within the Biden administration

As of 7 January 2024, two officials from the Biden administration—Josh Paul and Tariq Habash, working on arms sale at the state department and policy adviser at the department of education respectively—have resigned in opposition to US support to Israel's war efforts. A letter was signed by more than a dozen Biden campaign staffers calling for condition of US support to Israel and a ceasefire. Paul told The Guardian that the administration is witnessing "pretty extraordinary levels of dissent."[11] On 2 February 2024, a group of 800 U.S. and European officials signed an open letter stating their governments' policies were weakening their nations' "moral standing."[120]

Muslim and Arab Americans

A protestor in Columbus, Ohio, carrying a sign referring to Biden as "Genocide Joe."

Amongst the Muslim and Arab American communities, there was strong backlash to US support of Israel, with some vowing to abstain from supporting Biden in the 2024 presidential election.[121] Palestinian-Americans with family in Gaza were reportedly "pleading with the U.S. government to evacuate their family members."[122] Some, including former-Congressman Justin Amash, reported the death of family members from Israeli airstrikes.[123] American citizens stuck in Gaza also criticized the United States government's response to the conflict.[124] In a meeting with Biden's campaign chair Julie Chávez Rodriguez, the publisher of Arab American News reportedly told her, "If this man wants our vote, he has to do more than Jesus Christ – bring a lot more dead back to life. Thousands of people’s blood is on his hands."[125] In response to late-February 2024 reports that Biden again planned to veto a UN resolution for a ceasefire, the US Campaign for Palestinian Rights stated, "Our government is beyond evil."[126]

During the Michigan Democratic primary, Biden received less than a quarter of the vote in predominantly Arab areas in Dearborn.[127] In 2024, Dearborn Mayor Abdullah Hammoud declined an invitation to meet with Biden campaign officials prior to the 2024 United States presidential election, due to the Biden administration's stance on the Israel-Hamas war.[128] On Super Tuesday, nearly 20% of voters in Minnesota voted uncommitted in protest of Biden's Gaza policies.[129] In March 2024, a coalition of Muslim and Palestinian organizations from Chicago refused a meeting with the Biden campaign, stating, "There is no point in more meetings".[130][131]

Internal public opinion

Public opinion in the United States has quickly grown increasingly against the U.S. government's support for the actions of the current Israeli government.

In a Reuters/Ipsos poll released on November 15, 2023, 32% of respondents said that the U.S. should support Israel, 39% said that the U.S. should be a neutral mediator, 4% said that the U.S. should support Palestinians, and 15% said the U.S. shouldn't be involved at all.[132]

In a Gallup poll released on November 30, 2023, 50% of the U.S. respondents approved of Israel’s military action in Gaza, and 45% disapproved.[133] In November 2023, the Jewish Election Institute found that 74% of Jewish American registered voters approved of the Biden administration's handling of the war.[134]

In a Data for Progress poll released on December 5, 2023, 61% of likely voters, including a majority of Democrats (76%) and Independents (57%) and a plurality of Republicans (49%), supported the U.S. calling for a permanent ceasefire and a de-escalation of violence in Gaza; 83% of Democrats, 74% of Independents, and 63% of Republicans supported sending food, water, and medical supplies to people in Gaza; 77% of Democrats, 63% of Independents, and 55% of Republicans supported ensuring that people in Gaza have reliable access to fuel and electricity; and 63% of voters, including 65% of those under age 45, agreed with the statement that “The U.S. should hold its ally Israel to a high standard and only provide military aid to Israel if they meet our standards for human rights."[135]

In a The New York Times/Siena College poll released on December 19, 2023, 44 percent of voters said that Israel should stop its military campaign to protect against civilian casualties, and 39 percent said that Israel should continue its military campaign even if it means that civilian casualties in Gaza mount. 57% of voters said that they disapproved of President Biden’s handling of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, whereas 33% approved.[136]

In a The Economist/YouGov poll released on January 24, 2024, 35% of U.S. adults agreed that Israel’s military campaign against Palestinians amounts to genocide, 36% disagreed, and 29% were undecided. Among U.S. cirizens aged 18-29, 49% of those surveyed agreed that Israel is committing genocide, with 24% disagreeing, and 27% uncertain.[137]

In an Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll released on February 2, 2024, 50% of U.S. adults said that the military response from Israel in the Gaza Strip had gone too far, whereas 31% said that it had "been about right", and 15% thought that it had "not gone far enough".[138]

As of February 25, 2024, over 70 cities in the United States have voted for a ceasefire.[139][140]

In a Gallup poll released on March 4, 2024, positive opinions of Israel had dropped from 64% to 38% amongst young people aged 18 to 34. Overall, 58% of Americans had a positive view of Israel.[141]

In a Center for Economic and Policy Research poll released on March 5, 2024, 52% of U.S. citizens supported ending arms transfers to Israel. 62% of Democrats supported halting arms sales, while 14% disagreed, whereas 30% of Republicans supported the measure, and 55% opposed it.[142][143]

Israeli officials

Some Israeli government members believed that Biden's support for Israel was not strong enough. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal, Israel's Minister of National Security Itamar Ben-Gvir stated, "Instead of giving us his full backing, Biden is busy with giving humanitarian aid and fuel [to Gaza], which goes to Hamas. If Trump was in power, the U.S. conduct would be completely different."[144] Israel's Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich stated Biden was involved in an anti-Semitic lie for issuing sanctions against violent West Bank settlers.[145][a] Following comments by Biden in March 2024 that Israel's killing of civilians was "hurting Israel more than helping", the Israeli prime minister Netanyahu stated this was "false" and "wrong".[147] After a speech by Chuck Schumer calling for new elections after the war, Likud released a statement, saying, "Senator Schumer is expected to respect Israel’s elected government and not undermine it. This is always true and even more so in wartime."[148]

Human rights issues

See also: Accusation of US complicity in Israel's alleged war crimes in Gaza

The United Nations General Assembly on October 27 voted a non-binding resolution calling for a humanitarian ceasefire to enable relief to enter Gaza; the United States stood with Israel in rejecting the proposal. The previous week, Washington had vetoed a resolution similar to this one at the more powerful UN Security Council.[149]

Progressive Democrats argue that the $14.3 billion package the White House has promised Israel violates the Leahy Act because most of the victims of Israel's retaliatory attack on Gaza are civilians. The act forbids the US State and Defence departments from providing security support to foreign governments that are suspected of violating human rights. The act's proponents refer to the increasing number of Gaza residents losing their lives as a result of military operations, the forced relocation of over a million people, and the escalating humanitarian situation following Israeli authorities' cuts to the region's supplies of fuel, food, water, and electricity. Congressman Andre Carson of Indiana wrote to the Guardian, accusing Israel of "war crimes" and citing the Israeli Defence Forces' (IDF) alleged use of white phosphorus and this week's deadly bombing of the Jabalia refugee camp. "I am very concerned that our taxpayer dollars may be used for violations of human rights," Carson wrote. The Biden administration declared earlier this week that it was not imposing any restrictions on Israel's use of the US-supplied weapons. According to Pentagon spokesman Sabrina Singh, "That is really up to the Israel Defense Force to use in how they are going to conduct their operations... But we’re not putting any constraints on that." Usamah Andrabi, Justice Democrats' director of communications – said “I think the Leahy Act should absolutely be looked into right now, when we are seeing gross violations of human rights,” he said. “[The Israelis] are targeting refugee camps, hospitals, mosques all under the guise of self-defense or that one or other member of Hamas is hiding there. It doesn’t matter whether Hamas is there or not, because you are targeting civilians. No amount of tax dollars should be justified for that.” Like Carson, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, particularly mentioned the alleged use of white phosphorus, as asserted by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch (HRW), as a violation that should bar Israel from getting aid from the US. "Deployment of white phosphorus near populated civilian areas is a war crime," she said.[150]

Following the veto of another resolution in the UN Council on December 8, international human rights organizations issued the following statement: "By continuing to provide Israel with weapons [and] diplomatic cover as it commits atrocities, including collectively punishing the Palestinian civilian population in Gaza, the US risks complicity in war crimes."[9]

Alleged complicity in genocide

Main article: Palestinian genocide accusation § Alleged American complicity
Pro-Palestinian protester in Columbus, Ohio, United States, 18 October 2023
Further information: Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al

Some scholars believe that America is complicit in an alleged genocide committed by Israel against the Palestinians.[151][152][153] Lawyers of the Center for Constitutional Rights warned the Biden administration that they could be held liable "for their failure to prevent Israel’s unfolding genocide, as well as for their complicity, by encouraging it and materially supporting it."[154] In November 2023, president Joe Biden was nicknamed "Genocide Joe" by critics of his support for Israel.[155] National Security Council spokesman John Kirby, described by Israeli media outlet Ynet as "an exceptionally accomplished Israeli advocate,"[156] said "Israel's trying to defend itself against a genocidal terrorist threat. So if we're going to start using that word, fine, let's use it appropriately."[155] While suing Joe Biden as the largest provider of military aid to Israel, the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) argued that "the United States has the means available to have a deterrent effect on Israeli officials now pursuing genocidal acts against the Palestinian people in Gaza."[157] In a declaration in the lawsuit, Genocide scholar William Schabas said that in his view there was a "serious risk of genocide" and that the US was "in breach of its obligation" under the 1948 Genocide Convention and international law.[158][159] Rashida Tlaib, a Democratic representative of Michigan, accused Joe Biden of supporting the "genocide of the Palestinian people."[160]

Pro-Israel lobby

See also: Israel lobby in the United States
Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin speaks at the AIPAC Political Leadership Forum in Washington, D.C., 2023

On 30 October 2023, AIPAC, a leading pro-Israel lobbying group, issued a public critique of the members of Congress who voted against House Resolution 771, which expressed support for Israel. In response, Republican Thomas Massie defended his vote by saying he objected to a broad "open-ended promise of military support," while Democrats Cori Bush, Mark Pocan and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez accused AIPAC of harming US democracy.[161][162][163] On November 1, Ilhan Omar accused AIPAC of running Islamophobic ads against her.[164] On November 2, Rashida Tlaib, who is of Palestinian descent, was the target of a $100,000 TV ad campaign by the Democratic Majority for Israel.[165]

The Republican-controlled House of Representatives on December 5 passed a resolution that included language that said the House "clearly and firmly states that anti-Zionism is antisemitism." The organization also condemned the slogan "From the river to the sea,"[166] for which Tlaib was censured on November 5th.[167] Analysis from The Guardian showed that congress members who were supportive of Israel from the war's start had received an average of $100,000 more from pro-Israel donors than their pro-Palestinian colleagues.[168] Analysis of Federal Election Commission filings showed House Speaker Mike Johnson received $95,000 from AIPAC.[169]

In March 2024, a group of 20 progressive political organizations formed an anti-AIPAC coalition to push back against the lobbyist group's influence on U.S. politics.[170] In response to comments by Senator Chuck Schumer that Israel needed new elections to replace Netanyahu, J Street stated the speech "signals a historic shift from those in the Democratic party who care deeply about Israel’s future".[171]

Weapons transfers

Demonstration outside Raytheon's office in Goleta, California to protest the military contractor's supply of weapons to Israel, 9 November 2023

The Biden Administration caused controversy after bypassing Congress on multiple occasions to authorize arms sales to the Israeli military.[172] Josh Paul, a senior State Department official specializing in arms transfers, resigned after stating the U.S. government continues to sell weapons to Israel despite its record of human rights abuses.[173][174] An investigation by The Guardian found the U.S. government use special mechanisms to protect Israel from domestic human rights laws.[175] Unlike the United States' military support for Ukraine, details of weapons sent to Israel have been vague.[176] Leaked details have shown that the U.S. has sent laser-guided missiles, 155mm shells, new army vehicles, among others, at Israel's request.[177]

"Direct action" tactics were adopted against arms companies in the United States that supplied arms to Israel, including Lockheed Martin,[178] General Dynamics,[179] Textron,[180] Boeing,[181] L3Harris,[182] Raytheon Technologies and Northrop Grumman.[183]

A group of seven U.S. Senators stated that the Biden Administration was in violation of the Foreign Assistance Act, which stipulates that weapons cannot be transferred to governments blocking humanitarian assistance.[184] Senator Chris Van Hollen called on Biden to cease weapons transfers, stating, "We need the president and the Biden administration to push harder and to use all the levers of US policy to ensure people don’t die of starvation".[185]

Reactions

Inside the U.S.

See also: 2023 Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States

October reactions

Pro-Palestinian protest outside Sproul Hall at the University of California, Berkeley, 25 October 2023
  • Eva Borgwardt, the political director of IfNotNow, a progressive Jewish organization, stated: "The White House and many in the US government are clear as they should be that 1,000 Israelis killed is too many, Our question for them is: How many Palestinian deaths are too many?"[186]
  • Alexandra Rojas, the executive director of Justice Democrats, begged the president to take immediate action to stop a ground invasion that would "ensure thousands more civilian casualties, bring us closer to an all-out regional conflict in the Middle East, and thrust the United States into another endless war" in a statement released amid increasing bombing and a communications blackout in Gaza.[186]
  • A Quinnipiac study done following the Israel-Hamas war revealed that 76 percent of voters believed supporting Israel is in the national interest of the United States, and 64 percent approved of sending weapons and military equipment to Israel. This support was more pronounced among older age groups, with 51% of those under 35 disapproving of this action.[186][187]
  • An NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll showed that 48% of millennials and members of Generation Z thought that the US should voice support for Israel.[94]
  • Democrats' opinion of Biden's job dropped by 11 percent during October 2023. According to Gallup, Biden alienated some members of his own party with his swift and decisive show of support for Israel.[94]

November reactions

Pro-Palestinian protest in Los Angeles against the war in Gaza and Hollywood's role in dehumanizing Muslims, November 2023
  • A team of legal experts alerted the Biden administration and the ICC prosecutor that the U.S. government might be legally implicated in Israel's ongoing war against the Palestinians.[25]
  • The executive director of DAWN, Sarah Leah Whitson, stated that Biden's funding request "isn't just giving a green light for ethnic cleansing—it's bankrolling it."[188]
  • Barack Obama in an interview emphasized "nobody’s hands are clean."[189]
  • The Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) sued Joe Biden and two of his cabinet colleagues (On behalf of Palestinian human rights organisations, Palestinians living in Gaza, and US citizens with family in the besieged region) for their failure to stop and aiding and abetting "genocide" in Gaza. US citizen Laila al-Haddad, one of the case's plaintiffs (who has lost five relatives in Gaza as a result of Israel's attacks) said: "I paid for Israel to kill my cousins and my aunt, there's no two ways around it, It was my tax dollars that did that."[10]
  • In November 2023, Bin Laden's "Letter to the American people," published in 2002, went viral on TikTok and other social media. In the letter, Bin Laden denounced numerous acts of American aggression such as U.S. support for Israel, and supported al-Qaeda's war against the U.S. as a defensive struggle. Numerous social media users, including Americans, expressed their opposition to US foreign policy by widely sharing the letter and its contents. The letter was removed from The Guardian website after more than 20 years of being present online in the news outlet's webpage, and TikTok began issuing takedowns of videos featuring the letter.[190][191][192] Reporting in The Washington Post suggested that the virality of the letter had been limited prior to media coverage, having never trended on TikTok, that many of the TikTok videos covering the letter were critical of bin Laden, and that the media coverage had exaggerated its significance and elevated the virality of the letter.[193]

December reactions

  • A December 19 New York Times/Siena College poll found 57 percent of Americans disapproved of Joe Biden's handling of the conflict, with a plurality supporting Israel ending its military actions to protect civilians. Three quarters of 18-to-29 year olds disapproved of Biden's handling, with half saying Israel was intentionally killing civilians and three-fourths saying it was not taking enough precautions for civilians.[194]
  • Polling conducted by Shibley Telhami at the University of Maryland, College Park showed the number of Democrats under 35 less likely to vote for Biden due to the war had grown to 21 percent in just a two-week period.[195]

January reactions

  • Tariq Habash, a policy adviser at the US Department of Education resigned, stating, "I cannot represent an administration that systematically dehumanizes Palestinians and enables their ethnic cleansing."[196]
  • Harvard University political scientist Stephen Walt stated, "Biden looks heartless or clueless (or both) and many see him as no better than Trump."[197]
  • The Center for Civilians in Conflict called the failure of Sanders' resolution to investigate Israeli compliance with international law by 72-to-11 "deeply disappointing."[198]
  • Aaron David Miller, a former-State Department official, stated Joe Biden's policies had turned the United States into "Israel’s lawyer."[199]
  • According to the poll conducted by the Harvard CAPS–Harris Poll on 17-18 January 2024, 67% of American respondents said that a ceasefire in Gaza should only happen after all Israeli hostages are released and Hamas is removed from power. 74% of American respondents believed that the Hamas attack was genocidal, while 34% of respondents believed that Israel was committing genocide.[200]
  • An Economist/YouGov poll found 49 percent of 18-29-year-olds agreed with the statement that Israel is committing genocide, and 49 percent of registered Democrats also agreeing that Israel was committing genocide.[201]
  • In an op-ed, Bernie Sanders wrote, "The United States must stop asking Israel to do the right thing. It’s time to start telling Israel it must do these things or it will lose our support."[202]
  • The Arizona Democratic Party passed a resolution calling for a ceasefire.[203]
  • The cities of San Francisco and Chicago passed resolutions calling for a ceasefire.[204][205]

February reactions

  • Polling by the Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found 50 percent of U.S. adults believed that Israel's offensive in Gaza had gone too far.[206]
  • Joe Biden faced large protests during campaign stops in Michigan, with one demonstrator stating, "There is nothing that will ever make me vote for a genocidal president, ever."[207]
  • An NBC News poll found only 15 percent of under-35-year-old voters approved of Biden's approach to the war, with 70 percent disapproving.[208]
  • The Minneapolis City Council overrode a mayoral veto to pass a ceasefire resolution.[209]
  • U.S. Representative Rashida Tlaib called Netanyahu a "genocidal maniac" during a speech in Congress.[210]
  • CAIR criticized Biden for failing to protect U.S. citizens killed by Israel, including Tawfiq Ajaq and Shireen Abu Akleh.[211]
  • A survey by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding found a majority in the U.S. supported a ceasefire.[212]
  • The council of bishops of the African Methodist Episcopal Church called on the U.S. to immediately cease funding Israel or providing other support, stating, "After this torture, they plan to murder them. The United States of America will have likely paid for the weapons they use. This must not be allowed to happen."[213]
  • The director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, Nihad Awad, stated, "President Biden should stop acting like Benjamin Netanyahu’s defense lawyer and start acting like the President of the United States".[214]
  • Professor Stephen Zunes stated Biden's Gaza policy was even more unpopular amongst young voters than Nixon's Vietnam War policy had been in the 1970s.[215]
  • On 25 February 2024, Aaron Bushnell, a 25-year-old serviceman of the United States Air Force, committed an act of self-immolation outside the front gate of the Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C. in protest of the ongoing US support of the war. He declared that he "will no longer be complicit in genocide" before dousing himself in flammable liquid and setting himself on fire. He repeatedly shouted "Free Palestine" as he was burning. After first responders extinguished the flames, he was taken to a local hospital in critical condition where he later died.[216][217][218][219] Commenting on the incident, Pentagon Press Secretary Patrick S. Ryder reaffirmed US support for Israel's operations.[220]
  • UCLA professor Dov Waxman stated, "It is telling that most American voters – both Democrats and Republicans – don’t approve, according to the surveys, of the way that President Biden’s been handling this war".[221]

March reactions

Outside the U.S.

  • Iranian officials claimed on October 30 that attacks against U.S. forces in Iraq and other parts of the region were the consequence of "wrong American policies," which included Washington's backing of Israel in its war against Hamas.[226]
  • Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, the commander of the Houthi movement in Yemen, declared on October 10 that his organisation would retaliate by using missiles and drones in addition to other military measures if the United States got involved in the Gaza conflict.[227]
  • According to Agnès Callamard, Secretary-General of Amnesty International, in the face of a staggering death toll, the US vetoing another UN Security Council ceasefire resolution "displays a callous disregard for civilian suffering." In addition, Washington "has brazenly wielded and weaponized its veto to strongarm the UN Security Council, further undermining its credibility and ability to live up to its mandate to maintain international peace and security," according to the statement.[9]
    • In February 2024, Callamard responded to the U.S. vetoing another ceasefire resolution at the UN Security Council stating, "When the US could do the right thing: protect Palestinians against serious risks of genocide; respect international law and universality; prevent massive killings and sufferings – it chose the opposite path".[228]
  • The executive director of Doctors Without Borders, Avril Benoit, states: "By vetoing this resolution, the US stands alone in casting its vote against humanity. The US veto stands in sharp contrast to the values it professes to uphold. By continuing to provide diplomatic cover for the ongoing atrocities in Gaza, the US is signaling that international humanitarian law can be applied selectively — and that the lives of some people matter less than the lives of others …. The US veto makes it complicit in the carnage in Gaza."[9]
  • The international rights groups said in a statement:"By continuing to provide military and diplomatic support to Israel as it commits atrocities, including the collective punishment of Palestinian civilians in Gaza, the US is complicit in war crimes."[8][229]
  • In response to Biden stating Israel's actions were "over the top," the EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell stated, "If you believe that too many people are being killed, maybe you should provide less arms in order to prevent so many people being killed."[230]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Smotrich later stated the sanctions were designed to create a "Palestinian terror state".[146]

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