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Seventy percent want the federal government to aid in job creation. Also, nearly half think the government should limit [[Wall Street]] executive bonuses, according to the nationwide poll which was conducted between March 19 and March 22, 2010.<ref name="bloomberg 03-2010"/>
Seventy percent want the federal government to aid in job creation. Also, nearly half think the government should limit [[Wall Street]] executive bonuses, according to the nationwide poll which was conducted between March 19 and March 22, 2010.<ref name="bloomberg 03-2010"/>


===Opinion polls focusing on Tea Party supporters===
{{POV-section|Statistics|date=August 2010}}
Various polls have also probed Tea Party supporters for their views on a variety of political and controversial issues. A [[University of Washington]] poll of 1,695 registered voters in the [[State of Washington]] reported that 73% of Tea Party supporters disapprove of Obama's policy of engaging with [[Muslim]] countries, 88% approve of the controversial immigration law recently enacted in [[Arizona]], 82% do not believe that [[gay]] and [[lesbian]] couples should have the [[gay marriage|legal right to marry]], and that about 52% believed that "lesbians and gays have too much political power."<ref name="huffingtonpost1">{{cite web|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/06/02/tea-party-poll-more-than_n_597968.html?ref=fb&src=sp#sb=164043 |title= More Than Half Of Tea Party Supporters Say Gays And Lesbians Have Too Much Political Power (POLL) | date= Released June 2, 2010 | publisher=The Huffington Post|accessdate=July 1, 2010}}</ref><ref name="nwsource1">[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/politicsnorthwest/2012005031_new_poll_looks_at_tea_party_vi.html New poll looks at tea party views toward minorities] The Seattle Times; June 1, 2010</ref>


Various polls have also probed Tea Party supporters for their views on a variety of political and controversial issues, and in general they reflect the mainstream conservative viewpoint even on issues that are not part of the Tea party program, such as abortion.
Polls have also examined Tea Party supporters' views on race and racial politics. The University of Washington poll of registered voters in Washington State found that 74% of Tea Party supporters agreed with the statement "[w]hile equal opportunity for Blacks and minorities to succeed is important, it's not really the government's job to guarantee it," while a CBS/New York Times poll found that 25% think that the administration favors Blacks over Whites, compared with just 11% of the general public, and that they are more likely to believe Obama was born outside the United States.<ref name="nytimes1"/><ref name="huffingtonpost1"/><ref name="nwsource1"/> A seven state study conducted from the [[University of Washington]] found that Tea Party movement supporters within those states were "more likely to be racially resentful" than the population as a whole, even when controlling for partisanship and ideology.<ref name="racewash">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/236996|title=Are Tea Partiers Racist?|accessdate=May 10, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2010/04/pollster-responds-to-your-questions.html Polster Responds to Your Questions] FiveThirtyEight - Politics Done Right; April 14, 2010</ref> Of White poll respondents who strongly approve of the Tea Party, only 35% believe that Blacks are hard-working, compared to 55% of those strongly opposed to the Tea Party, and 40% of all respondents.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Poll Finds Tea Partiers Have More Racist Attitudes|url=http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/the-gaggle/2010/04/09/new-poll-finds-tea-partiers-have-more-racist-attitudes.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/uwiser/Stereotypes%20about%20Asians%20and%20whites%20by%20White%20tea%20Party%20Approval.pdf |title=Stereotypes about Blacks and Latinos by White Tea Party Approval |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2010}}</ref>


===Other commentaries on the movement===
===Other commentaries on the movement===

Revision as of 03:29, 17 October 2010

This article is about the movement. For the protest events themselves, see Tea Party protests.
Tea Party protesters fill the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol and the National Mall on September 12, 2009.

The Tea Party movement is a political movement in the United States that emerged in 2009 through a series of locally and nationally coordinated protests.[1][2][3] The protests were partially in response to several Federal laws: the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008,[4] the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009,[5][6] and a series of health care reform bills.[7]

The name "Tea Party" echoes the Boston Tea Party, a 1773 incident when Patriots destroyed British tea rather than paying what they considered a tax that violated their right to "No Taxation without Representation."[8]

The movement has no central leadership but is a loose affiliation of smaller local groups.[9] The movement's primary concerns include, but are not limited to, cutting back the size of government,[10] lowering taxes,[11] reducing wasteful spending,[11] reducing the national debt and federal budget deficit,[10] and adhering to the United States Constitution.[12] Many of the movement's members also speak out on a wide variety of other issues such as illegal immigration.[13]

In 2010 Tea Party endorsed candidates upset establishment Republicans in several primaries, such as Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Nevada and South Carolina, giving a new momentum to the conservative cause in the 2010 elections, and boosting Sarah Palin's visibility. In the fall 2010 elections, the New York Times has identified 129 Republican House candidates with significant Tea Party support, as well as 9 running for the Senate.[14]

Background and history

See also: Tax revolt; List of Tea Party protests, 2009; and List of Tea Party protests, 2010

The theme of the Boston Tea Party, an iconic event of American history, has long been used by anti-tax protesters.[15][16][17] It was part of Tax Day protests held throughout the 1990s and earlier.[18][19][20][21] More recently, the Libertarian theme of the "tea party" began with Republican Congressman Ron Paul supporters as a fund raising event during the 2008 presidential primaries to emphasize Paul's fiscal conservatism, which laid the groundwork for the modern-day Tea Party movement.[22][23][24][25]

A Tea Party protester holds a sign saying "Remember: Dissent is Patriotic" at a Nashville Tea Party on February 27, 2009.

Early local protest events

On January 24, Trevor Leach, chairman of the Young Americans for Liberty in New York State organized a "Tea Party" in 2009 in response to over 100 new or higher taxes proposed by New York Governor David Paterson and increasing government interference in the free markets using the proposed soda "obesity tax" to symbolize the original Boston Tea Party. Several of the protesters wore indian headdresses similar to the band of 18th century patriots who dumped tea in Boston Harbor to express outrage about British taxes.[26]

New York Times journalist Kate Zernike reported that leaders within the Tea Party credit Seattle blogger and conservative activist Keli Carender with organizing the first Tea Party in February 2009, although the term "Tea Party" was not used.[27] Other articles, written by Chris Good of The Atlantic[28] and NPR’s Martin Kaste,[29] credit Carender as, "one of the first" Tea Party organizers and state that she "organized some of the earliest Tea Party-style protests."

Carender first organized what she called a "Porkulus Protest" in Seattle on Presidents Day, February 16, the day before President Barack Obama signed the stimulus bill into law.[30] Carender said she did it without support from outside groups or city officials. "I just got fed up and planned it." Carender said 120 people participated. "Which is amazing for the bluest of blue cities I live in, and on only four days notice! This was due to me spending the entire four days calling and emailing every person, think tank, policy center, university professors (that were sympathetic), etc. in town, and not stopping until the day came."[31][32]

Carender also contacted conservative author and Fox News contributor Michelle Malkin, and asked her to publicize the rally on her blog.[31] Carender then held a second protest on February 27, 2009, reporting "We more than doubled our attendance at this one."[27] On Tax Day, six weeks later, 1,200 people gathered for a Tea Party protest.[31]

First national Tea Party protests

On February 19, 2009,[33] in a broadcast from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, CNBC Business News editor Rick Santelli criticized the government plan to refinance mortgages, which had just been announced the day before. He said that those plans were "promoting bad behavior"[34] by, "subsidizing losers' mortgages." He suggested holding a tea party for traders to gather and dump the derivatives in the Chicago River on July 1.[35][36][37] A number of the derivative traders around him cheered on his proposal, to the amusement of the hosts in the studio. The video of Santelli's speech went viral after it received a "red siren" headline on the news aggregation website, Drudge Report.[38]

In response to Santelli, websites such as ChicagoTeaParty.com (registered in August 2008 by Chicago radio producer Zack Christenson) were live within 12 hours.[39] About 10 hours after Santelli's remarks, reTeaParty.com was bought to coordinate Tea Parties scheduled for July 4 and, as of March 4, was reported to be receiving 11,000 visitors a day.[39]

According to The New Yorker writer Ben McGrath[33] and New York Times reporter Kate Zernike,[27] this is where the movement was first inspired to coalesce under the collective banner of "Tea Party". By the next day, guests on Fox News had already begun to mention this new "Tea Party."[40]

As reported by The Huffington Post, a Facebook page was developed on February 20 calling for Tea Party protests across the country.[41] Soon, the "Nationwide Chicago Tea Party" protest was coordinated across over 40 different cities for February 27, 2009, thus establishing the first national modern Tea Party protest.[42][43] The movement has been supported nationally by at least 12 prominent individuals and their associated organizations.[44]

Tea Party symbol

The Gadsden Flag is a favorite among the Tea Party movement nationwide.[45]

The Gadsden Flag has become an adopted symbol of the American Tea Party movement.[46][47] Tea Party activists have embraced the "Don't Tread on Me" flag and its message.[48] Nationwide it serves as an alternative to the stars and stripes[49] for Tea Party protesters.


It was also seen being displayed by members of Congress at Tea Party rallies.[50] Some lawmakers have dubbed it a political symbol due to the Tea Party connection,[49] and the political nature of the Tea Party Patriots.[51]

Composition of the movement

The "Second Revolution" flag is sometimes used by Tea Party advocates.[45]

The movement has been supported nationally by prominent individuals and organizations,[52][53] including:

Tea Party agenda "Contract from America"

The Contract from America was the idea of Houston-based lawyer, Ryan Hecker. He stated that he developed the concept of creating a grassroots call for reform prior to the April 15, 2009 Tax Day Tea Party rallies. To get his idea off the ground, he launched a website, ContractFromAmerica.com, which encouraged people to offer possible planks for the contract.

A Tea Party protest in Hartford, Connecticut, on April 15, 2009.

Hecker told The New York Times, "Hundreds of thousands of people voted for their favorite principles online to create the Contract as an open-sourced platform for the Tea Party movement. The agenda had the imprint of everyday citizens every step of the way (in the online voting process.)" Based on the Contract with America authored by Newt Gingrich and Dick Armey, Hecker said the Republicans’ 1994 Contract with America represented the nation’s last intellectual economic conservative movement, but the new list, he said, was “created from the bottom up. It was not crafted in Washington with the help of pollsters."[66]

From the original 1,000 ideas which were submitted, Hecker reduced it to 21 based on a series of surveys and meetings with grassroots activists organized by the FreedomWorks, an organization led by former House Majority Leader Dick Armey and Matt Kibbe that has established close ties with many Tea Party activists around the country.[67]

After releasing the 21 ideas at CPAC on February 18, 2010, a final online vote was held to narrow the 21 ideas down to the final 10 to be included in the Contract from America. Over two months, 454,331 votes were cast. The resulting document, including the vote percentages for the statements, was posted online on April 12, 2010.[68]

The Contract lists 10 agenda items that it encourages congressional candidates to follow:[69][70]

  1. Identify constitutionality of every new law: Require each bill to identify the specific provision of the U.S. Constitution that gives Congress the power to do what the bill does. (82.03%)
  2. Reject emissions trading: Stop the "cap and trade" administrative approach used to control carbon dioxide emissions by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of carbon dioxide. (72.20%)
  3. Demand a balanced federal budget: Begin the Constitutional amendment process to require a balanced budget with a two-thirds majority needed for any tax modification. (69.69%)
  4. Simplify the tax system: Adopt a simple and fair single-rate tax system by scrapping the Internal Revenue Code and replacing it with one that is no longer than 4,543 words – the length of the original Constitution. (64.9%)
  5. Audit federal government agencies for constitutionality: Create a Blue Ribbon taskforce that engages in an audit of federal agencies and programs, assessing their Constitutionality, and identifying duplication, waste, ineffectiveness, and agencies and programs better left for the states or local authorities. (63.37%)
  6. Limit annual growth in federal spending: Impose a statutory cap limiting the annual growth in total federal spending to the sum of the inflation rate plus the percentage of population growth. (56.57%)
  7. Repeal the health care legislation passed on March 23, 2010: Defund, repeal and replace the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. (56.39%)
  8. Pass an 'All-of-the-Above' Energy Policy: Authorize the exploration of additional energy reserves to reduce American dependence on foreign energy sources and reduce regulatory barriers to all other forms of energy creation. (55.5%)
  9. Reduce Earmarks: Place a moratorium on all earmarks until the budget is balanced, and then require a 2/3 majority to pass any earmark. (55.47%)
  10. Reduce Taxes: Permanently repeal all recent tax increases, and extend current temporary reductions in income tax, capital gains tax and estate taxes, currently scheduled to end in 2011. (53.38%)

No Democrats have signed onto the proposal, and the contract has also met resistance from some Republicans who have instead created the "Commitment to America." Brendan Buck, a spokesman for that agenda, explained that the contract is too narrow in focus, and not exactly what the Republican Party would include in its own top-10 list of priorities.[71]

Effects on 2010 mid-term election cycle

Tea Party protesters at United States Capitol during the Taxpayer March on Washington, September 12, 2009.

Many politicians in the 2010 election cycle have benefited from support from the Tea Party movement including:

  • Dean Murray, a Long Island businessman, won a special election for a New York State Assembly seat. He is believed to be the first Tea Party activist to be elected into office.[73]
  • John Frullo won the nomination for the Texas District 84 seat vacated by the retiring Carl Isett, also a Republican. Frullo defeated businessman Mark Griffin, a former Texas Tech University regent.[74]
  • On April 13, 2010, Charles Perry unseated 86-year-old incumbent and fellow Texas Republican Delwin Jones in District 83 and is unopposed in the November 2 general election.[75][76]
  • On May 8, 2010, U.S. Senator Bob Bennett (R – Utah) lost his bid to be renominated by his party for another term in the Senate. His defeat is seen as a victory for the Tea Party Movement, whose supporters were against Bennett’s return.[77][78][79]
  • Rand Paul, from the conservative Tea Party movement, won the Super Tuesday GOP Senate primary in Kentucky. Paul, the son of Republican Congressman Ron Paul of Texas, comfortably beat Republican establishment favorite Trey Grayson with 60% of the vote. He was quoted saying, "The Tea Party Movement is about saving our country from a mountain of debt."[80]
  • South Carolina District 1 Congressional Candidate Keith Blandford is officially endorsed by National Committee of the Boston Tea Party, one of the original Tea Parties in America, founded in 2006. Blandford is also endorsed by Liberty-Candidates, a non-profit, non-partisan organization.
  • In Arizona Jesse Kelly beat state Sen. Jonathan Paton, the National Republican Congressional Committee's preferred candidate, in the August primary for the party's nomination in congressional district 8.[90]

In July 2010, Representative Michele Bachmann, a Minnesota Republican, formed the House congressional Tea Party Caucus. This congressional caucus, which Bachmann chairs, will be devoted to the Tea Party's stated principles of "fiscal responsibility, adherence to the Constitution, and limited government."[99] As of August 2, 2010, the congressional Tea Party Caucus consisted of 49 Republicans currently serving in the House of Representatives, who are accused of trying to hijack the grass roots Tea Party Movement.[100]

Obama administration responses

Obama signs bill at desk while others look on.
Barack Obama signs the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act at the White House, March 23, 2010.

On April 19, 2009, Senior White House Adviser David Axelrod, when asked about the Tea Party protests on CBS News, said, "I think any time that you have severe economic conditions, there is always an element of disaffection that can mutate into something that’s unhealthy." He also noted, "The thing that bewilders me is this President just cut taxes for ninety-five percent of the American people. So I think the tea bags should be directed elsewhere, because he certainly understands the burden that people face."[101]

On April 15, 2010, Obama touted his administration's tax cuts, noting the passage of 25 different tax cuts over the past year, including tax cuts for 95% of working Americans. He then remarked, "So I’ve been a little amused over the last couple of days where people have been having these rallies about taxes. You would think they would be saying thank you. That’s what you’d think."[102][103]

On September 20, 2010, at a townhall discussion sponsored by CNBC, Obama said healthy skepticism about government and spending was good, but it was not enough to just say "Get control of spending", and he challenged the Tea Party movement to get specific about how they would cut government debt and spending.

And so the challenge, I think, for the Tea Party movement is to identify specifically what would you do. It’s not enough just to say, get control of spending. I think it’s important for you to say, I’m willing to cut veterans’ benefits, or I’m willing to cut Medicare or Social Security benefits, or I’m willing to see these taxes go up. What you can’t do -- which is what I’ve been hearing a lot from the other side -- is say we’re going to control government spending, we’re going to propose $4 trillion of additional tax cuts, and that magically somehow things are going to work.[104][105]

Public opinion polls and demographics

Several polls have been conducted on the demographics of the movement. Though the various polls sometimes turn up slightly different results, they tend to show that Tea Party supporters are mainly White and slightly more likely to be male, married, older than 45, more conservative than the general population, and likely to be more wealthy and have more education.[106][107][108][109][110]

One notable exception to that finding is the Gallup poll, which found that other than gender, income and politics, self-described Tea Party members were demographically similar to the population as a whole.[111]

Political affiliation

When surveying supporters or participants of the Tea Party movement, polls have shown that they are significantly more likely to be registered Republican, have a favorable opinion of the Republican Party and an unfavorable opinion of the Democratic Party.[110][112] The Bloomberg News poll showed that 40% are 55 or older, 79% are White, 61% are men and 44% identify as "born-again" Christians,[113] compared to 10.5%, 75%,[114] 48.5%,[115] 34%[116] for the general population, respectively. Other polls found that just 7% approve of how Obama is doing his job compared to 50% (as of April 2010) of the general public,[112] and that roughly 77% of supporters voted for John McCain in 2008.[109][110]

More than half (52%) of Tea Party supporters told pollsters for CBS/New York Times that they think their own "income taxes this year are fair."[112] Additionally, a Bloomberg News poll found that Tea Partiers are not against increased government action in all cases. “The ideas that find nearly universal agreement among Tea Party supporters are rather vague,” says J. Ann Selzer, the pollster who created the survey. “You would think any idea that involves more government action would be anathema, and that is just not the case.”

Seventy percent want the federal government to aid in job creation. Also, nearly half think the government should limit Wall Street executive bonuses, according to the nationwide poll which was conducted between March 19 and March 22, 2010.[113]


Various polls have also probed Tea Party supporters for their views on a variety of political and controversial issues, and in general they reflect the mainstream conservative viewpoint even on issues that are not part of the Tea party program, such as abortion.

Other commentaries on the movement

According to Atlantic Monthly, the three main groups that provide guidance and organization for the protests, FreedomWorks, dontGO, and Americans for Prosperity, state that the demonstrations are an organic movement.[117] Law professor and commentator Glenn Reynolds, best known as author of the Instapundit political blog, argued in The New York Post that: "These aren't the usual semiprofessional protesters who attend antiwar and pro-union marches. These are people with real jobs; most have never attended a protest march before. They represent a kind of energy that our politics hasn't seen lately, and an influx of new activists."[118] Conservative political strategist Tim Phillips, now head of Americans for Prosperity, has remarked that the Republican Party is "too disorganized and unsure of itself to pull this off."[119]

Matthew Continetti of The Weekly Standard has said: "There is no single Tea Party. The name is an umbrella that encompasses many different groups. Under this umbrella, you’ll find everyone from the woolly fringe to Ron Paul supporters, from Americans for Prosperity to religious conservatives, independents, and citizens who never have been active in politics before. The umbrella is gigantic."[120]

Former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich speaks at the New York City Tea Party, April 15, 2009.

Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich's political activist group American Solutions supports the protests, saying on its website that they are "our chance to communicate our anger and opposition to the irresponsible policies of politicians in Washington who have failed to solve problems." Gingrich spoke at the New York City protest on April 15.[121]

Dan Gerstein, a former Democratic political advisor, argued in Forbes that the protests could have tapped into real feelings of disillusionment by American moderates, but the protesters put forth too many incoherent messages.[122]

Ned Ryun, President of American Majority, an organization that offers training for many Tea Party activists, believes this movement is not about political parties, stating, "It's very much anti-establishment at both parties....They don't care about party labels." He has also said that "I think we're getting to the point where you can truly say we're entering a post-party era. They aren't going to be necessarily wed to a certain party—they want to see leadership that reflects their values first.....They don't care what party you're in; they just want to know if you reflect their values—limited government, fixing the economy."[123]

According to Arthur C. Brooks, president of the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank, America is locked in a culture war in which either America will continue to be an exceptional nation organized around the principles of free enterprise, limited government, a reliance on entrepreneurship and rewards determined by market forces, or America will move toward European-style statism grounded in expanding bureaucracies, a managed economy and large-scale income redistribution. Brooks states that while some have tried to dismiss the Tea Party demonstrations and the town hall protests as the work of extremists, ignorant backwoodsmen or agents of the health care industry, this movement reveals much about the culture war that is underway, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail.[124]

Claims of media coverage bias

US News and World Report reported that the nature of the coverage of the protests has become part of the story.[125] On CNN's Situation Room, journalist Howard Kurtz commented that "much of the media seems to have chosen sides." He says that Fox News portrayed the protests "as a big story, CNN as a modest story, and MSNBC as a great story to make fun of. And for most major newspapers, it's a nonstory."[125] There are reports that the movement has been actively promoted by the Fox News Channel, indicating a possible media bias.[126][127]

Tea Party protesters walk towards the United States Capitol during the Taxpayer March on Washington, September 12, 2009.

In April 2010, responding to a question from the media watchdog group Media Matters posed the previous week, Rupert Murdoch, the chief executive of News Corporation, which owns Fox News, said, “I don’t think we should be supporting the Tea Party or any other party.” That same week Fox News canceled an appearance by Sean Hannity at a Cincinnati Tea Party rally.[128]

Following the September 12 Taxpayer March on Washington, Fox News claimed it was the only cable news outlet to cover the emerging protests and took out full-page ads in The Washington Post, the New York Post, and The Wall Street Journal with a prominent headline reading, "How did ABC, CBS, NBC, MSNBC, and CNN miss this story?"[129] CNN news anchor Rick Sanchez disputed Fox's claim, pointing to various coverage of the event.[130][131][132] CNN, NBC, CBS, MSNBC, and CBS Radio News provided various forms of live coverage of the rally in Washington throughout the day on Saturday, including the lead story on CBS Evening News.[130][132][133][134]

James Rainey of The Los Angeles Times said MSNBC's attacks on the tea parties paled compared to Fox's support, but that MSNBC personalities Keith Olbermann, Rachel Maddow and Chris Matthews were hardly subtle in disparaging the movement.[135] Howard Kurtz has said that, "These [FOX] hosts said little or nothing about the huge deficits run up by President Bush, but Barack Obama's budget and tax plans have driven them to tea. On the other hand, CNN and MSNBC may have dropped the ball by all but ignoring the protests."[136]

Controversies

Claims of being an Astroturfed movement

In a New York Times op-ed column, economist Paul Krugman wrote that "the tea parties don't represent a spontaneous outpouring of public sentiment. They're AstroTurf (fake grass roots) events, manufactured by the usual suspects. In particular, a key role is being played by FreedomWorks, an organization run by Richard Armey."[137] On tax day April 15, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-California) stated "It's not really a grassroots movement. It's astroturf by some of the wealthiest people in America to keep the focus on tax cuts for the rich instead of for the great middle class."[138]

In an August 2010 article in The New Yorker, Jane Mayer examined allegations that the billionaire Koch brothers, David H. Koch, Charles G. Koch and Koch Industries are providing financial support to the tea party movement through Americans for Prosperity.[139]

Accusations of racism

Accusations of racism and racial motivations among Tea Party protesters have been made from early on. Various politicians, political commentators and columnists have expressed concern about racism in the Tea Party movement and in its opposition to the health care reform bill.[140] The White House, however, has made efforts to downplay the accusations, and said that Obama does not believe he is being criticized because of his race.[141]

Prominent African-American conservative Ward Connerly decried accusations of Tea Party racism and defended the movement in a National Review column: "[R]ace is the engine that drives the political Left. In the courtrooms, on college campuses, and, most especially, in our politics, race is a central theme. Where it does not naturally rise to the surface, there are those who will manufacture and amplify it," Connerly said. "I am convinced beyond any doubt that all of this is part of the strategic plan being implemented by the Left in its current campaign to remake America."[142]

Three Black Tea Party protesters, when interviewed by the Washington Times, said that they have not experienced or witnessed any racial hostility. Charlene Freedman from New Jersey, who had attended four different Tea Party protests, including the health care protest on March 20, 2010, said "I didn't see color. They didn't see my color. We're just American citizens, and we're here to say, 'Keep America free.' I’ve heard nothing about racism ... nothing at all."[143]

Tea Party protesters during the Taxpayer March on Washington, September 12, 2009.

Other Black conservatives have questioned the Tea Party's inclusiveness. Brandon Brice, a primary Black speaker at a tax-day Tea Party rally, said he was worried about the movement, noting that, "It's strayed away from the message of wasteful spending and Washington not listening to its constituents, and it's become more of this rally of hate." Lenny McAllister, a Republican commentator, author and Tea Party supporter said he has seen racism within the movement and has confronted it, and like Brice, thinks leaders of the Tea Party movement must not ignore the issue. McAllister told the Washington Post, "The people are speaking up and becoming more educated on the issues, but you have fringe elements that are defining this good thing with their negative, hateful behavior."[144] Jean Howard-Hill, leader of the National Republican African American Caucus, wrote that, "Any movement which cannot openly denounce racism, calling it out as wrong troubles me. To attack President Obama on his policy is one thing, but to do so on his race or some hysterical pretext of socialism is yet another."[144] During an interview on NPR with Michel Martin, columnist Cynthia Tucker and Lenny McAllister discussed racism and the Tea Parties; Tucker wrote about the interview, concluding that McAllister's take on racism was that he’d seen enough racist signs at other Tea Party gatherings to know that racism is associated with the movement.[145]

About 61 percent of Tea Party opponents say racism has a lot to do with the movement, a view held by just 7 percent of Tea Party supporters.[146] Some Tea Partiers blame the media for casting them as racists.[147] Allen West, one of 32 African-Americans who are running for Congress in 2010 as Republicans, says the notion of racism in the Tea Party movement has been made up by the news media.[148] The Washington Post reported that an analysis of the signs displayed at a September 2010 Tea Party rally found that "the vast majority of activists expressed narrow concerns about the government's economic and spending policies and steered clear of the racially charged anti-Obama messages that have helped define some media coverage of such events."[149] Roughly a quarter of the signs "reflected direct anger with Obama," 5% "mentioned the president's race or religion, and slightly more than 1 percent questioned his American citizenship."[149] The researcher, Emily Elkins, did not conclude that "the racially charged messages" were "unimportant," but she did conclude that "media coverage of tea party rallies over the past year have focused so heavily on the more controversial signs that it has contributed to the perception that such content dominates the tea party movement more than it actually does."[149]

File:Dale Robertson Racist Sign.jpg
Dale Robertson holding the infamous "Niggar" sign.[150]

Dale Robertson sign

While at a Tea Party event on February 27, 2009, a photo was taken of TeaParty.org founder and president Dale Robertson with a sign that said "Congress = Slaveowner, Taxpayer = Niggar. [sic]"[150] Tea Party leaders state that he was ejected from the event because of the offensive nature of the sign and is no longer affiliated with TeaParty.org.[151][152][153][154]

Reports of slurs at the Health Care protests

On March 20, 2010, before the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Bill was voted on by lawmakers, it was reported that protesters against the bill used racial and homophobic slurs at a rally at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Several Black lawmakers said that demonstrators shouted "nigger" at them.[155][156] Congressman Emanuel Cleaver said he heard the slurs and was spat upon, and that Congressman Barney Frank, who is gay, was called a "faggot."[155][157] Representative André Carson said that while walking with John Lewis and his chief of staff from the Cannon building, amid chants of "Kill the bill" he heard the "n – word at least 15 times". Carson said he heard it coming from different places in the crowd, and one man "just rattled it off several times."[158][159] Carson quoted Lewis as saying, "You know, this reminds me of a different time." [158]

In addition to Carson, Cleaver and Lewis, Rep. Heath Shuler of North Carolina, who is White, backed up his colleagues, telling the Hendersonville (N.C.) Times-News that he too heard the slurs.[160][161] Further, Richard Trumka, president of the AFL-CIO who was also present during the protest, corroborated Lewis', Carson's, Cleaver's and Shuler's version of events during a later debate with Breitbart by saying, "I watched them spit at people, I watched them call John Lewis the n-word." [160][162] On April 15, Shuler told the Associated Press that he heard slurs against Frank, but not Cleaver.[163]

Reaction

According to the Washington Post three weeks after the incidents, video and audio proof of racial slurs against Lewis and Carson had yet to emerge, and conservative commentator and blogger Andrew Breitbart insisted the charges were made up. "If so, they're good actors," Andrew Alexander, ombudsman for the Post, said, explaining that reporters described Carson as "trembling", "agitated", "angry" and "emotional" as he recounted what had just happened. Carson implored the reporters to step back outside to witness and document the taunts, but Capitol police prevented them. Breitbart offered to make a $10,000 donation, later increased to $100,000, to the United Negro College Fund for any audio/video footage of the N-word being hurled at Congressmen John Lewis, or if John Lewis could pass a lie-detector test.[155][164] "It didn't happen," said Breitbart, although he did not attend the event.[158] Breitbart asserted that the racial slurs were only alleged as a way for the left, abetted by the "progressive" media, to "marginalize" Tea Party supporters.[165][166][167][168] Breitbart also posted a mislabeled 48-second video of the Congressional Black Caucus members on the day in question, though later analysis revealed that the video was not of Lewis and Carson walking to the Capitol, when the slurs were reportedly heard, but instead showed the lawmakers leaving the Capitol — at least one hour after the reported incident. When asked about using the video from the wrong moment on his website, Breitbart stood by his claim that the lawmakers were lying. "I'm not saying the video was conclusive proof," he said.[158][169]

Fox News' Bill O'Reilly discussed the issue on four of his shows, beginning March 22. O'Reilly stated, "Just because it's not on tape doesn't mean it's fabricated." [158]

Economist and prominent Black conservative Thomas Sowell told the Washington Post, "This is a serious charge — and one deserving of some serious evidence... But, despite all the media recording devices on the scene, not to mention recording devices among the crowd gathered there, nobody can come up with a single recorded sound to back up that incendiary charge. Worse yet, some people have claimed that even doubting the charge suggests that you are a racist."[142] The National Tea Party Federation sent a letter to the Congressional Black Caucus denouncing racism and requesting that the CBC supply any evidence of the alleged events at the protest on March 20, 2010.[170]

House Republican leaders criticized the use of slurs against the Democratic congressmen by the protesters, but said they were isolated incidents that shouldn't overshadow the health care debate. House Minority Leader John Boehner called the incidents "reprehensible", and House Minority Whip Eric Cantor said, "Nobody condones that at all. There were 30,000 people here in Washington yesterday. And, yes, there were some very awful things said." As demonstrators gathered the following day outside the Capitol to rally against the bill again, one held a sign saying, "All tea partiers: If you hear a racial slur, step away, point, boo and take a picture of the rat bastard."[171]

Springboro Tea Party's Twitter incident

On March 21, 2010, Springboro Tea Party founder Sonny Thomas posted racist slurs against Hispanics on the group's Twitter webpage, including one post that said, "Illegals everywhere today! So many spics makes me feel like a speck. Grrr. Wheres my gun!?". The posts triggered cancellations by several local and statewide political candidates scheduled to speak at a Springboro Tea Party rally on April 17. Other Tea Party officials say the posts were "classless" and way out of line, but say they don't represent the Tea Party movement as a whole.[172]

Monkey God

Tea Party Express leader Mark Williams referred to Allah as a "Monkey God". Williams' comments elicited strong rebukes from New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, New York State Senators and Muslim leaders. In a subsequent blog posting, Williams wrote, “I owe an apology to millions of Hindus who worship Lord Hanuman, an actual Monkey God. Hanuman is worshiped as a symbol of perseverance, strength, and devotion ... Those are hardly the traits of whatever the Hell (literally) it is that terrorists worship.” When questioned by The Washington Post about his comments about Islam and Obama, Williams has claimed the controversy has "been fantastic for the movement."[173][174]

Williams came under further criticism in mid-July when he posted a fictional letter named "Colored People" on his blog. Williams claimed the letter was a "satirical" response to a resolution passed by the NAACP calling on Tea Party leaders to "'repudiate the racist element and activities' from within the movement."[175] In response, the Tea Party Federation "demanded that the Tea Party Express – a separate group – oust Williams from its ranks. When it did not, the Federation expelled both Williams and his conservative outfit."[176]

Alleged Democratic Coercion

Allegations of Democratic candidates planting “fake” Tea Party candidates have surfaced in Florida[177][178], Michigan[179][178], New Jersey[180][178], and Pennsylvania[181][178]

Other controversies

On March 22, 2010, a Lynchburg, Virginia Tea Party activist, attempting to post the home address of Congressman Tom Perriello on his blog, incorrectly posted the address of Perriello’s brother, who also lives in Virginia, and encouraged readers to "drop by" to express their anger against Rep. Perriello’s vote in favor of the health care bill. The following day, a severed gas line was discovered in Perriello's brother's yard which connected to a propane grill on the home’s screened-in porch. Local police and FBI investigators determined that it was intentionally cut as a deliberate act of vandalism. The website issued a response saying the Tea Party member's action of posting the address "was not requested, sanctioned or endorsed" by the group.[182][183][184]

On July 14, 2010, a Tea Party group in Iowa removed a billboard comparing Obama to Adolf Hitler and Vladimir Lenin after receiving sharp criticism from other Tea Party leaders. North Iowa tea party co-founder Bob Johnson admits the sign was wrong and offensive, and misrepresents the intentions of the Tea Party.[185]

Use of term "teabagger"

The term teabagger emerged after protesters displayed placards using the words "tea bagging" as a verb.[186][187] The label has prompted additional puns by commentators, the protesters themselves, and comedians based on the pre-existing meaning of the term referring to the sexual fetish of placing an individual's testicles into the mouth of their partner.[188]

See also

References

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  160. ^ a b "Wrong Video of Health Protest Spurs N-Word Feud". ABC News. Associated Press. April 13, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
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  162. ^ Big Government; April 8, 2010.
  163. ^ Shuler denies published report that he heard N-word ABC News; April 15, 2010
  164. ^ Breitbart Offers 10K for Proof that N-word was Hurled at John Lewis Atlanta Journal-Constitution; March 26, 2010
  165. ^ Breitbart, Andrew (April 2, 2010). "Barack Obama's Helter-Skelter, Insane Clown Posse, Alinsky Plans to 'Deconstruct' America". Big Journalism.
  166. ^ "Political Insider" by Jim Galloway, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, March 26, 2010.
  167. ^ A Race Odyssey—Disproving a Negative for Cash Prizes or, How the Civil Rights Movement Jumped the Shark Big Government.
  168. ^ "Rude for Reid" by John Fund, Wall Street Journal, March 29, 2010.
  169. ^ Hoft, Jim (April 13, 2010). "Anything To Slander the Tea Partiers: AP Invents Phantom White Man Who 'Heard' Slur". Big Journalism.
  170. ^ "Letter to the Congressional Black Caucus from Tea Party Federation: Please Provide Evidence of Cannon N-Word Incident". April 24, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2010. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |publisherBig Government= (help)
  171. ^ House Republicans denounce racial slurs hurled at Democrats CNN Politics – Political Ticker; March 21, 2010.
  172. ^ Racial slur by Tea Party leader hits home Dayton Daily News; April 12, 2010.
  173. ^ Goldsmith, Samuel (May 20, 2010). "Tea Party Express leader Mark Williams says 'sorry' – to Hindus – for slamming Muslim's 'monkey god'". New York: NY Daily News. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  174. ^ "Mark Williams, the monkey god and the 'controversy' game". Washington Post. May 20, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  175. ^ Tea Party federation expels group over racial writing MSNBC; July 18, 2010.
  176. ^ Tea Party Tension Flares as 'Federation' Gives Firebrand Activist the Boot Fox News; July 19, 2010.
  177. ^ Kane, Muriel (June 8, 2010). "Republicans claim 'Florida Tea Party' is a Democratic front". The Raw Story. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  178. ^ a b c d McMorris-Santoro, Evan (September 27, 2010). "Tea Party Fakers? Dems Blamed For Co-Opting 'Tea Party' Label To Split Conservative Vote". TPMDC. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  179. ^ Mulvihill, Geoff (October 8, 2010). "Dems Planted NJ Tea-Party House Candidate". Associated Press. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  180. ^ Farrell, Joelle (August 5, 2010). "Pennsylvania tea-party activists, GOP, and Democrats distance themselves from Jim Schneller". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  181. ^ Accusations Fly Between Parties Over Threats and Vandalism New York Times; March 25, 2010.
  182. ^ Brian McNeill Severed gas line found at home of Perriello brother The Daily Progress; March 24, 2010.
  183. ^ Tom Perriello gas line 'intentionally cut' Politico; March 25, 2010.
  184. ^ Luke Meredith. Iowa billboard linking Obama, Hitler removed Washington Post. July 14, 2010.
  185. ^ "Scenes from the New American Tea Party". Washington Independent. http://washingtonindependent.com/31868/scenes-from-the-new-american-tea-party. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
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  187. ^ "Cable Anchors, Guests Use Tea Parties as Platform for Frat House Humor". FOX News. April 7, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2010.

Further reading

  • O'Hara, John M. (2010). A New American Tea Party: The Counterrevolution Against Bailouts, Handouts, Reckless Spending, and More Taxes. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 336. ISBN 978-0470567982. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Rasmussen, Scott, and Doug Schoen. Mad As Hell: How the Tea Party Movement Is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System (2010), analysis by two pollsters
  • Zernike, Kate (2010). Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America. Times Books. ISBN 978-0805093483.
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