Mandu (food): Difference between revisions

Mandu
	Korean-style mandu
Korean name
Hangul	만두
Hanja	饅頭
Revised Romanization	mandu
McCune–Reischauer	mandu

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Mandu are dumplings in Korean cuisine. First brought to Korea by the Mongols,^[1]^[2] they are similar to pelmeni and pierogi in some Slavic cultures. The name is a cognate to the names of similar types of meat-filled dumplings in Central Asia, such as Turkish manti, Kazakh manty, and Uzbek manti.

In Korean cuisine, mandu generally denotes a type of filled dumplings similar to the Mongolian buuz and Turkish mantı, and some variations are similar to the Chinese jiaozi and the Japanese gyoza. If the dumplings are grilled or fried, they are called gunmandu (군만두); when steamed jjinmandu (찐만두); and when boiled, mulmandu (물만두). ^[3] Mandu are usually served with a dipping sauce made of soy sauce and vinegar.

History

Mandu are believed to have been first brought to Korea by Mongolians in the 14th century during the Goryeo Dynasty.^[2] The state religion of Goryeo was Buddhism, which discouraged consumption of meat. Mongolian invasion of Goryeo relaxed the religious prohibition against consuming meat, and mandu was among the newly imported Mongolian dishes that included meat.

Another possibility is mandu came to Korea at a much earlier period from the Middle East through the Silk Road. Historians point out many cuisines based on wheat, such as dumplings and noodles originated from Mesopotamia and gradually spread from there. It also spread east along the Silk Road, leaving many versions of mandu throughout Central and East Asia.^[4]

Varieties

Mulmandu, the word itself means "water mandu" since it is boiled.^[5]
Gunmandu is pan-fried mandu, it's sometimes called by its Japanese name, yakimandu. ^[6]^[7]
Jjinmandu is steamed, either in a traditional bamboo steamer or modern versions. ^[2]
Gullin mandu (굴린만두), or called gulmandu is a variety of mandu in a ball shape without a covering. It is mainly eaten in summer.^[8]
Pyeonsu (편수), mandu stuffed with vegetables in a rectangular shape. It is mainly eaten in summer and a local specialty of Kaesong, North Korea.^[9]
Eomandu, mandu wrapped with sliced fish fillet. It was originally eaten in Korean royal court and yangban (noble class) families.^[10]
Saengchi mandu (생치만두), mandu stuffed with pheasant meat, beef, and tofu, that was eaten in Korean royal court and in the Seoul area during winter.^[11]
Seognyu mandu (석류만두), literally "pomegranate dumpling" because of the shape ^[12]
Somandu (소만두), mandu stuffed with only vegetables, that was originally eaten in Buddhist temples.^[13]
Gyuasang (규아상), mandu stuffed with shredded cucumber and minced beef in the shape of sea cucumber. It is mainly eaten in summer.^[14]^[15]
Kimchi mandu, the stuffing contains kimchi. The addition of kimchi gives it a spicier taste compared to other mandu.^[16]

Dishes made with mandu

Manduguk is a variety of Korean soup (guk) made with mandu in beef broth. In the Korean royal court, the dish was called byeongsi (餠匙) while in Eumsik dimibang, a 17th century cookbook, it was called "seokryutang" (석류탕).^[17]

In popular culture

In the film Oldboy, the protagonist Oh Dae-Su is fed a steady diet of fried mandu, the food that he hates the most, while he is imprisoned. After he is released, he visits various restaurants serving the dish to get clues and determine where he was held captive.^[18]

Wonder Girls's member Ahn Sohee is often referred to as Mandu due to her cheeks resembling the shape of mandu.^[19]

Laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

References

^ The Cultural Exchange series #37 written by Professor Soo-il Jung , Hankyoreh, 2005-02-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c Template:Ko Mandu at Doosan Encyclopedia
^ Favorite foods, Korean Tourism Organization
^ Template:Ko Mandu, Hankook Ilbo, 2009-01-21
^ Template:Ko Mulmandu recipe, Naver kitchen
^ Template:Ko Gunmandu, Naver dictionary
^ Template:Ko Yakimandu, Naver dictionary
^ Template:Ko Gullin mandu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
^ Template:Ko Pyeonsu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
^ Template:Ko Eomandu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
^ Template:Ko Saengchi mandu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
^ Template:Ko The three aesthetics of mandu, Lee Mi-jong (이미종), Yeoseong Chosun, 2008-02-14.
^ Template:Ko Somandu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
^ Template:Ko Gyuasang at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
^ Template:Ko Gyuasang at Doosan Encyclopedia
^ Template:Ko Kimchi mandu at Doosan Encyclopedia
^ Template:Ko Manduguk at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
^ Template:Ko Old Boy mandu, Yonhap News, 2005-03-21
^ Template:Ko Sohee hates nickname Mandu, Joy News 24, 2008-01-14

External links

Golden Mandu (Korean Dumplings) (Kate's Global Kitchen, by Kate Heyhoe)

[mandu_hankyoreh-1] The Cultural Exchange series #37 written by Professor Soo-il Jung , Hankyoreh, 2005-02-28.

[mandu_doosan-2] Template:Ko Mandu at Doosan Encyclopedia

[3] Favorite foods, Korean Tourism Organization

[4] Template:Ko Mandu, Hankook Ilbo, 2009-01-21

[5] Template:Ko Mulmandu recipe, Naver kitchen

[6] Template:Ko Gunmandu, Naver dictionary

[7] Template:Ko Yakimandu, Naver dictionary

[8] Template:Ko Gullin mandu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture

[9] Template:Ko Pyeonsu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture

[10] Template:Ko Eomandu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture

[11] Template:Ko Saengchi mandu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture

[12] Template:Ko The three aesthetics of mandu, Lee Mi-jong (이미종), Yeoseong Chosun, 2008-02-14.

[13] Template:Ko Somandu at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture

[14] Template:Ko Gyuasang at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture

[15] Template:Ko Gyuasang at Doosan Encyclopedia

[16] Template:Ko Kimchi mandu at Doosan Encyclopedia

[17] Template:Ko Manduguk at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture

[18] Template:Ko Old Boy mandu, Yonhap News, 2005-03-21

[19] Template:Ko Sohee hates nickname Mandu, Joy News 24, 2008-01-14

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@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 In the film ''[[Oldboy]]'', the protagonist [[Oh Dae-Su]] is fed a steady diet of fried ''mandu'', the food that he hates the most, while he is imprisoned. After he is released, he visits various restaurants serving the dish to get clues and determine where he was held captive.<ref>{{ko}} [http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=106&oid=001&aid=0000948024 Old Boy mandu], Yonhap News, 2005-03-21 </ref>
 [[Wonder Girls]]'s member Ahn Sohee is often referred to as ''Mandu'' due to her cheeks resembling the shape of ''mandu''.<ref>{{ko}} [http://joynews.inews24.com/php/news_view.php?g_menu=700100&g_serial=307052 Sohee hates nickname Mandu], Joy News 24, 2008-01-14</ref>
+Laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
 == See also ==