List of endangered languages in India: Difference between revisions
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An [[endangered language]] is a [[language]] that is at a risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an [[extinct language]]. |
An [[endangered language]] is a [[language]] that is at a risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an [[extinct language]]. |
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{{:Lists of endangered languages/UNESCO definitions}} |
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[[UNESCO]] distinguishes four levels of endangerment in languages, based on intergenerational transfer:<ref name="UNESCO">Unless specified otherwise, the source for all entries in the table is: Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. ''Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger'', 3rd edn. Paris, UNESCO Publishing. ([http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas/ Online version]).</ref> |
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|'''Vulnerable''': Most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g., home). |
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|'''Definitely endangered''': Children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home. |
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| '''Severely endangered''': Language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves. |
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| '''Critically endangered''': The youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently. |
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!Language!!Countries!!Speakers!!Status!!Comments!!Ref |
!Language!!Countries!!Speakers!!Status!!Comments!!Ref |
Revision as of 20:19, 11 April 2015
An endangered language is a language that is at a risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. Lists of endangered languages/UNESCO definitions
Language | Countries | Speakers | Status | Comments | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A'tong language | India | Severely endangered | |||
Adi language | India | Adi | Vulnerable | Adi | |
Aimol language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Aiton language | India | Severely endangered | |||
Aka language | India, | Definitely endangered | Hruso | ||
Anal language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Angami language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Angika language | India, Nepal | Vulnerable | |||
Ao language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Apatani language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Asur language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Badaga language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Baghati language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Balti language | India, Pakistan | Vulnerable | |||
Bangani language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Bangni language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Bellari language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Bhadravahi language | India, Pakistan | Definitely endangered | |||
Bhalesi language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Bharmauri language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Bhumji language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Biete language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Birhor language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Bodo language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Brokshat language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Bunan language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Byangsi language | India, Nepal | Definitely endangered | |||
Chambeali language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Chang language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Chokri language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Churahi language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Darma language | India, Nepal | Definitely endangered | |||
Deori language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Dimasa language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Gadaba language (Ollari language) | India | Critically endangered | |||
Galo language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Gangte language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Garhwali language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Geta? language | India | Severely endangered | |||
Gondi language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Gorum language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Great Andamanese languages | India | Critically endangered | |||
Gutob language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Handuri language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Hill Miri language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Hmar language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Ho language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Hrangkhol language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Irula language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Jad language | India, Pakistan | Definitely endangered | |||
Jangshung language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Jarawa language (Andaman Islands) | India | Critically endangered | |||
Jaunsari language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Juang language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Kabui language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Kachari language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Kanashi language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Kangdi language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Karbi language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Khampti language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Kharia language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Khasali language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Khasi language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Kheza language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Khiamngan language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Khoirao language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Khowa language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Kinnauri language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Koch language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Koda language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Kodagu language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Koireng language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Kolami language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Kom language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Konda language (Dravidian) | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Konyak language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Koraga language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Korku language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Koro language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Korwa language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Kota language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Kui language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Kului language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Kumaoni language | India, Nepal | Vulnerable | |||
Kundal Shahi language | India, Pakistan | Definitely endangered | |||
Kurru language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Kuruba language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Kurux language (India) | India | Vulnerable | |||
Kuvi language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Lamgang language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Lamongse language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Langrong language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Lhota language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Liangmai language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Limbu language | India, Nepal | Definitely endangered | |||
Lishpa language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Luro language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Mahasui language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Malto language (Paharia language) | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Manchad language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Manda language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Mandeali language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Mao language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Mara language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Maram language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Maring language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Mech language | India | Severely endangered | |||
Meithei language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Miji language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Milang language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Minyong language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Mising language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Mizo language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Moyon language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Mundari language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Muot language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Mzieme language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Nahali language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Naiki language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Nihali language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Nocte language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Nruanghmei language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Nyishi language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Onge language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Padam language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Padri language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Paite language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Pangvali language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Parji language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Pasi language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Pengo language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Phom language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Pochuri language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Pu language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Purik language | India, Pakistan | Vulnerable | |||
Purum language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Rabha language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Remo language (Bonda language) | India | Severely endangered | |||
Rengma language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Rongpo language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Ruga language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Sanenyo language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Sangtam language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Sentinelese language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Sherdukpen language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Shompen language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Simi language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Singpho language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Sirmaudi language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Sora language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Sourashtra language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Spiti language | India, Pakistan | Vulnerable | |||
Tagin language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Tai Nora language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Tai Phake language | India | Severely endangered | |||
Tai Rong language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Takahanyilang language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Tamang language | India, Nepal | Vulnerable | |||
Tangam language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Tangkhul language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Tangsa language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Tarao language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Thado language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Tiwa language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Toda language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Toto language | India | Critically endangered | |||
Tulu language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Turi language | India | Definitely endangered | |||
Wancho language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Yimchungru language | India | Vulnerable | |||
Zangskari language | India, Pakistan | Definitely endangered | |||
Zeme language | India | Vulnerable |
Notes
Kanto is another almost extinct language in India. Only 250 speakers survive. This language is found in the north of Uttrakhand near the Chinese border.