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| fatalities = 8 confirmed, 2 missing
| fatalities = 8 confirmed, 2 missing
| damagespre = >
| damagespre = >
| damages = $100 million
| damages = $500 million
| affected = [[Caroline Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Philippines]]
| affected = [[Caroline Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Philippines]]
| Hurricane season = [[2021 Pacific typhoon season]]
| Hurricane season = [[2021 Pacific typhoon season]]

Revision as of 08:35, 17 December 2021

For other storms named Rai, see list of storms named Rai.
Rai (Odette)
Current storm status
Typhoon  (JMA)
Current storm status
Category 3 typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:03:00 UTC, December 17
Location:9°48′N 120°42′E / 9.8°N 120.7°E / 9.8; 120.7 (Rai (Odette))
276 nmi (511 km; 318 mi) S of Manila, Philippines
Sustained winds:80 knots (150 km/h; 90 mph) (10-min mean)
gusting to 115 knots (215 km/h; 130 mph)
100 knots (185 km/h; 115 mph) (1-min mean)
Pressure:955 hPa (28.20 inHg)
Movement:W at 13 kn (24 km/h; 15 mph)
See more detailed information.

Typhoon Rai, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Odette, is currently a powerful tropical cyclone impacting the Philippines after passing near the island of Palau. Rai became the first Category 5 super typhoon since Nock-ten to form in the month of December. The twenty-second tropical storm of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, the system originated from a tropical disturbance near the equator on December 9. However, it dissipated on the next day as another area of convection lingered near the dissipating feature that same day. Conditions around the system were favorable for further development, and it slowly developed into a tropical depression on December 12. On the same day, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the consolidating depression. Further intensification ensued, and Rai was upgraded into a tropical storm on the next day before passing south of Ngulu Atoll. After passing near Palau with unknown impacts, Rai entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) by the night of December 14, whereas the PAGASA named it "Odette". On the next day, both the JMA and JTWC raised the system's intensity to a low-end Category 1 typhoon as an eye continued to appear. While approaching the Philippines, Rai unexpectedly rapidly intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon just before its first landfall across Siargao. It then slowly but steadily weakened as it traversed Visayas, exiting into the Sulu Sea.

Tropical cyclone warnings were issued for areas in the Philippines and parts of the Caroline Islands as Rai developed. Early bulletins were issued by the PAGASA for Rai, starting on December 12 due to the persistent track of the system towards the country. As the storm neared the country, land travels were canceled, along with flights and ferry operations. People living near coastal areas and into the track of the storm were urged to evacuate. Fishing vessels were also docked into safety and many provinces in the Visayas started to prepare for the storm's brunt. Storm signals were also raised by the PAGASA, first focused on some parts of Eastern Samar and Surigao Provinces, and further widened into some parts of Visayas, Mindanao and even on southern Luzon. Food and non-food packs were also prepared by the DSWD for the evacuees, along with standby funds worth near $15,000. Forced evacuations were conducted as Rai further approaches the country, with some people in the Bicol Region being warned of lahar from the Mayon Volcano. A festival in Antique were also affected, along with vaccination drives across the affected regions.

As Rai pounded the Philippines, heavy rainfall, strong winds and gusty winds impacted several areas around the storm's path. Many areas across Visayas and Mindanao lost electricity, with three provinces and areas being deprived further of communication services. Downed trees obstructed many roadways and flooding were a major problem across the affected regions, particularly Bohol, where the storm was described as "one of the worst for the province". Rivers also overflowed across Cagayan de Oro, while numerous buildings sustained damages. Surigao City was reported to be 100% damaged, and aid is being appealed. Bohol also pleaded help to the government due to the damages Rai brought to the area. A state of calamity is being requested for the aforementioned province. Eight deaths was confirmed so far; four in Occidental Negros, two in Bukidnon and one each in Iloilo and Surigao City. Bohol alone estimated damages worth ₱5 billion ($100 million). Siargao Island alone is also estimated to be worth 20 billion (400 million).

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

At 06:00 UTC of December 9, the JTWC started to monitor a low-latitude area of convection in the Pacific Ocean at 4°36′N 142°24′E / 4.6°N 142.4°E / 4.6; 142.4, located about 350 nautical miles (650 km; 400 mi) to Palau's east-southeast. A broad circulation was identified by the agency, with flaring convection over it. The circulation had a marginal environment with low to moderate wind shear, fair outflow, and warm sea surface temperatures.[1] Despite its given environment, however, the cyclone failed to intensify and dissipated by 06:00 UTC the next day. Another new area of low pressure formed on December 10. Analysis on the system revealed a degraded and disorganized low-level circulation center.[2][3] Position fixes by 02:30 UTC of December 11 determined that its center forwarded to the north over a developing surface trough while convective bursts occurred around the system.[4] An ASCAT pass featured below gale-force winds on its northwest quadrant.[5]

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) first upgraded the system to a tropical depression with winds of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) on 00:00 UTC of the next day, followed by the JTWC upgrading the storm's chances of developing to "high" and subsequently issuing a TCFA.[6][7][8] By 03:00 UTC of December 13, the JTWC upgraded the system to a weak tropical depression, highly based on Dvorak ratings of T1.5.[9] Nine hours later, the JMA classified the system as a tropical storm based on Dvorak ratings and named the storm Rai.[10] It was not until 15:00 UTC that day when the JTWC did the same to Rai, as it began tracking northwestwards.[11] Three hours later, Rai began to pass south of Ngulu State, while continuing to intensify and organize.[12][13] By December 14 in the early morning, the system was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA.[14] By 09:00 UTC, the JTWC noted that the system's cloud tops became warm; however, it further organized while tracking towards the small island country of Palau.[15] The storm entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility around 11:00 UTC (19:00 PHT), and was named Odette by the PAGASA.[16][17] Four hours later, Rai began to exhibit an eye which was first seen on microwave images.[18] The JMA further upgraded the system to a typhoon by the next day, followed by the JTWC three hours later as Rai began to take a westward motion under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north.[19][20] Steady intensification occurred on Rai while moving near the country, reaching high-end Category 1 typhoon by 15:00 UTC. At this time, the JTWC only forecast a landfall equivalent to a Category 2 storm.[21][22]

Radar loop from PAGASA of Typhoon Rai's first landfall over Siargao Island around 13:30 PHT (05:30 UTC).[23]

Rai unexpectedly underwent rapid intensification on December 15, from 65 knots (120 km/h; 75 mph) to 140 knots (260 km/h; 160 mph) by December 16 whilst nearing landfall. At this time, a small 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) eye was seen along with strong convection. The storm began an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) shortly after reaching peak intensity.[24] On December 16, the typhoon made landfall over Siargao Island in the province of Surigao del Norte around 1:30 PM local time (05:30 UTC)[25] and a second landfall over Dinagat Islands around 3:10 PM local time (07:10 UTC).[26] A third landfall occurred in Liloan, Southern Leyte at 3:40 PM local time (7:40 UTC). A fourth landfall occurred at Panaon Island, also at Liloan, at around 4:50 PM (8:50 UTC).[27] Padre Burgos, Southern Leyte was the fifth at 5:40 PM (09:40 UTC), followed nearly one-hour later at President Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol and approximately another hour at Bien Unido, still at Bohol. The eight landfall occured at Carcar by 10:00 PM (14:00 UTC) and the ninth over La Libertad, Negros Oriental, two hours later.[28] The JMA estimated a low pressure of 915 millibars (27.0 inHg) by 03:00 UTC earlier, two hours before its landfall. The same situation slightly weakened the system into a Category 4 super typhoon by 09:00 UTC and its intensity continued to degrade, six hours later while crossing Visayas.[29][30][31] As Rai entered the Panay Gulf, its eye further weakened and its convective signature becoming disorganized as the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 3 system six hours later. It continued to lose in strength while tracking towards the Sulu Sea by the next day at 03:00 UTC.[32][33]

Current storm information

As of 03:00 UTC December 17, Typhoon Rai (Odette) is located near 9°48′N 120°42′E / 9.8°N 120.7°E / 9.8; 120.7 (Rai) or about 276 nmi (511 km; 318 mi) south of Manila, Philippines. Maximum 10-minute sustained winds are at 80 knots (150 km/h; 90 mph), with gusts up to 115 knots (215 km/h; 130 mph), while maximum 1-minute sustained winds are at 100 knots (185 km/h; 115 mph). The minimum central barometric pressure is 955 hPa (28.20 inHg), and the system is moving west at 13 kn (24 km/h; 15 mph).

For the latest official information, see

Watches and warnings

Template:TyphoonWarningsTable

Preparations

Micronesia

Upon the system's intensification into a tropical depression, a typhoon watch was issued by the US National Weather Service in Tiyan, Guam in Koror and Kayangel while a tropical storm warning was placed for Ngulu Atoll. The island of Yap was placed also under tropical storm watch.[34] This was further upgraded into a typhoon warning for Palau as Rai further intensifies.[35] The alerts for Ngulu and Yap were first canceled by 09:00 UTC of December 14 and six hours later, the typhoon warning were also canceled for Palau.[36][37]

Philippines

Typhoon Rai approaching the Philippines on December 15.

The PAGASA began issuing Tropical Cyclone Advisories as early as December 12 given the forecasted track of the storm. In its first advisory, the PAGASA forecasted the possibility of Signal #4 being raised over the Visayas and Mindanao regions, later lowered to Signal #3.[38][39] The PAGASA also forecasted winds of up to 155 km/h (96 mph) prior to landfall.[40] On December 14, storm signals were raised in Caraga and Eastern Visayas as the storm entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[41] Starting on the night of December 13, land travel on bound to Visayas, Mindanao, the province of Masbate and Catanduanes were canceled according to an approved request of the Office of the Civil Defense in the country. The Land Transportation Office also placed the same travel restrictions in Mindanao and Luzon as a precaution. All types of vessels are also prohibited to leave the country's ports if there is any Storm Signals raised. Fishermen living near coastal areas were also urged by the country's coast guard to leave their homes "as soon as possible". Other Philippine provinces like Bohol and Aklan were also prepared for possible work cancelations and evacuation premises in regards to the storm. Floating cottages in General Santos City, as well as fishing boats were brought to shore and safety. The vaccination operations across the possible affected areas were earlier suspended by December 20–22.[42][43] Over 23,642 food packs for evacuues were also readied by the country's Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), over 18,665 non-edible items as well as over ₱752,250 (US$14,950) worth of standby funds.[44] The airline carrier Cebu Pacific also suspended three flights in the country.[45]

Over 10,000 individuals in barangays across Mindanao, Visayas and further north into Southern Luzon were also urged by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) to immediately leave their homes. The whole of Bicol Region were also under red alert starting on December 14. The higher authorities there also warned its people of possible landslides and lahar flow from the Mayon Volcano. Cebu were also under a "state of preparedness" due to the storm. Furthermore, many individuals, of which the majority are going into the Bicol Region in the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) were also stranded due to ferry suspensions. Capiz already started voluntary evacuations at this time, first focused on people living in coastal areas.[46] Liloan, Cebu also initiated forced evacuations by the afternoon of December 15. Several flights into Visayas and Mindanao from Ninoy Aquino International Airport were also delayed, rescheduled and/or canceled, mainly from the earlier Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines and Airasia. Some face to face classes in the affected areas were also halted. Many billboards in Bohol were also removed and the annual Binirayan festival in Antique was canceled due to Rai.[47] The city of Surigao was already soaked by the rains of Odette by the afternoon of December 15, including the whole of Eastern Visayas. Thousands of evacuees rushed into safety shelters in the area whereas in one case, they became full. Sandbags were also placed over some houses in Tacloban City in Leyte and many individuals rushed into a grocery store in Alangalang to stack essential supplies.[48]

Four hours after Rai entered the PAR, the PAGASA started to hoist Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal Number 1 for southeastern Eastern Samar and over Surigao Provinces, including the Dinagat Islands.[49][50] This was further extended into some provinces in the Central Visayas and further south of Mindanao, until Agusan del Sur.[51] Signal Number 2 were further placed for Surigao provinces and further into some parts of Visayas as Odette further intensified into a typhoon, with number 1 spreading further into the remaining part of the region and Mimaropa and Southern Tagalog provinces.[52][53] The storm's further intensification led to PAGASA raising the Signal Number 3 warning in some portions of Caraga and as Rai underwent rapid intensification, into eastern Visayas before Signal Number 4 was raised in those areas.[54][55]

On December 15, militants of the New People's Army attacked troops evacuating residents in Surigao del Sur prior to the storm, killing three civilians.[56]

Impact

Philippines

Typhoon Rai making landfall in General Luna, Surigao del Norte in the Philippines on the evening of December 16.

Over 100,000 people were moved to higher ground as flooding occured.[57] Strong winds and heavy rainfall also impacted Guiuan, Eastern Samar, as well as rough waves bashing the shores of the province, according to a news correspondent stringer of 24 Oras.[58] The same situation was also felt across the entirety of Western Visayas.[59] As Rai impacts Liloan in Southern Leyte, an area there was described as "cut-off", indicated that there was no electricity or means of communications in the place. A GMA News reporter also recalled his experience while over the storm, reporting that the building where his team is sustained considerable damages and the storm is comparable to the 2013's Typhoon Haiyan in terms of ferocity. Their vehicles also received damages from the storm. After the storm passed over the area, the whole municaplity was reported to be isolated.[60][61] Many provinces in Mindanao also didn't escaped Rai's wrath. In Cagayan de Oro, despite rushing water, rescue teams continued to save many people from the floods including a one-year old child which was safely recovered from a house that is inundated, chest-deep. Isolated areas in the province also experienced over-human floods. A house was heavily destroyed by Odette's strong winds in Agusan del Norte while a barge from unknown origins were left stranded by the storm's waves on a shore, still in the province.[62] Storm surge also impacted the coast boulevards of Surigao del Norte while Iligan's Mandulog River overflowed. The incident was a horror to many residents there, due to the same effect Tropical Storm Washi in 2011 brought. Further south, it also caused rough waves over Cateel.[63] The Cagayan de Oro River also overflowed, causing several homes to be near-completely inundated.[64] The first fatality from the storm is first reported at Iloilo, where a woman was crushed to death in her house by a bamboo tree.[65]

"Yung first responders mismo, biktima kaming lahat. So this is Typhoon Haiyan [Yolanda] again."

Arthur Yap, Bohol Governor on an interview at a news station about the effects of Typhoon Rai on the province.[66]

Surigao City were also deprived of electricity and communications due to downed power lines while scores of trees left many roads impassable. Many buildings in the area were also devastated and the overall impact of Rai in the area were described as "widespread". Clean water supply became a problem in the city while almost all of coastal houses were destroyed by the typhoon's storm surge. The main wet market of the area were also closed, still due to the effects of the system.[67][68] The authorities there are also confirming a possible second death due to Rai in the city and a third elsewhere in southern Mindanao. The mayor of Surigao City, Ernesto Matugas also estimated that 100% of the area were devastated due to Odette. He also appealed aid to the government.[69] Aid were also appealed by the province of Bohol, where a chief of the area's Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO) described Rai as the "one of the worst ever for the province". Many areas in the island were severely inundated, including Loboc, among the worst hit. The whole province also lost power services.[70] The governor of the province, Arthur Yap estimated the damages at ₱5 billion (USD$100 million).[71] The Siargao Airport were also totally destroyed and the overall island were wrecked, according to the first district representative of Surigao del Norte, Francisco Jose Matugas II.[72] Southern Surigao confirmed a death, while two people lost their lives in Bukidnon.[73] Three individuals were killed due to various reasons across Negros Occidental. Numerous houses there were also destroyed by felled trees, while the triage of the Ignacio Locsin Arroyo Memorial District Hospital were wrecked. Some areas in Kabankalan were also inundated due to a river overflowing there. A gas station elsewhere sustained roof damages.[74] The Philippine National Police (PNP) also listed two people to be unaccountable for from Western Visayas.[75]

Aftermath

Possible effects from the newly-emerged COVID-19 Omicron variant were feared to be worsened by the typhoons effects.[76] The DSWD further elaborated that over ₱900 million ($18 million) worth of standby funds were already prepared for the people affected by Odette.[77] Immediately after the storm, the current Vice President of the Philippines Leni Robredo and former senator Bongbong Marcos set up relief and recovery operations for the victims of the storm, particularly in Samar and Leyte.[78] One of the biggest telecommunication networks in the country, Globe Telecom also reported some communication disruptions, as well as the PLDT. Both companies assured that their respective teams are restoring their services on safe situations.[79] The government of Bohol already recommended the placement of the province into a state of calamity due to the wide swath of damages Rai left into the area.[80]

See also

References

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