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| {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[STSAT-2|STSAT-2A]]
| {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[STSAT-2|STSAT-2A]]
| Partial success
| Partial success
| Fairing did not separate, payload failed to reach orbit<ref name=yonhap />
| Launched successfully but payload failed to reach desired orbit<ref name=yonhap />
|-
|-
| 2
| 2

Revision as of 16:44, 1 January 2010

Naro-1
A Naro-1 rocket
Functionlaunch vehicle
ManufacturerSouth KoreaKARI and RussiaKhrunichev
Country of origin Republic of Korea
Size
Height30 m (98 ft)
Diameter3.9 m (12.7 ft)
Mass140,000 kg (300,000 lb)
Stages2
Capacity
Payload to LEO100 kg (to 300 km orbit with 38° inclination) (220 lb)
Launch history
StatusOperational
Launch sitesNaro Space Center
Total launches1
Success(es)0
Failure(s)1[1]
First flight25 August 2009
First stage
Engines1 RD-151
Thrust1.67 kN
Specific impulse338 sec
Burn time300 seconds
PropellantLOX/Kerosene
Second stage
Engines1 KSR-1
Thrust86.2 kN
Specific impulse250 sec
Burn time25 seconds
PropellantSolid
[edit on Wikidata]

The Naro-1,[2] previously designated Korea Space Launch Vehicle or KSLV, is South Korea's first carrier rocket, which made its maiden flight on 25 August 2009. It is built by KARI, the national space agency of South Korea along with Korean Air with Khrunichev (Russia) provided first stage and was launched into space from the country's new spaceport, the Naro Space Center. The official name[3] of the first KSLV rocket, KSLV-I is Naro, which is the name of the region in which Naro Space Center is located.[4]

During the launch, half of the payload's fairing failed to separate, and as a result the rocket was thrown off course. The satellite did not reach a stable orbit.[1]

The KSLV-I launch vehicle is based on the first stage of the Russian Angara rocket combined with a solid-fueled second stage built by South Korea. This configuration is reportedly capable of launching a satellite weighing 100 kilograms (220 lb) into low orbit.

History

In 1992, South Korea developed and launched several satellite systems and rockets overseas, such as the solid-fueled KSR-1 and KSR-2 sounding rockets. In 2000, South Korea began construction of the Naro Space Centre, located on Naro Island in Goheung, 485 kilometres (301 mi) south of Seoul with Russian assistance. The work was completed by the launch of the 6,000 kilograms (13,000 lb) KSR-3 liquid-propellant sounding rocket on 28 November 2002. South Korea announced in 2002 that it intended to develop a small satellite launch vehicle by 2005 that would be based on technology flown on the KSR-3 test vehicle. The launcher would be entirely indigenous, based on the 122,500 kilonewtons (27,500,000 lbf) thrust LOX/kerosene motor used in the KSR-3.[5] In 2005 a change was announced, indicating that they would use the Russian RD-191 as the vehicle's first stage. The program, like that of the Angara, was subject to continuous funding shortages and schedule delays.[6]

On 26 October 2004, during the visit of a Khrunichev State Company delegation headed by A.A. Medvedev, Director General to South Korea, a contract was signed to design and build a Space Rocket Complex for the small-lift launch vehicle KSLV-1. The design represented a joint effort between Khrunichev State Enterprise, who would build the first stage of KSLV-1, and South Korea, who would design and produce the second stage. As the prerequisite to signing the contract South Korea joined the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). All documentation was reviewed by the Russian Space Agency (RSA), and the joint project to build the Korean rocket complex was approved.[7] The vehicle was unveiled at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Jeolla Province in October, 2008. South Korea has spent some KR₩500 billion (US$490 million) since 2002 on the project.[8]

Vehicle description

The vehicle is two staged with a payload capability of 100 to 300 kilometres (60 to 190 mi) orbit at a 38° inclination. The whole rocket was originally planned to be completely indigenous but, due to financial and technological constraints, KARI decided that the KSLV would be built on the basis of the universal rocket module (URM) designed for the Russian Angara family of rockets.[6] The first stage of the vehicle uses the Russian RD-151 engine, which is essentially the RD-191 de-powered to 170 tonnes-force (1.7 MN; 370,000 lbf).[9][10] The second stage contains solid propellant and has been designed and built by KARI. The launch vehicle weighs 140 tonnes (310,000 lb), stands 33 metres (108 ft) tall and has a diameter of almost 3 metres (9 ft 10 in).[11]

Launch history

The South Korean government officially approved the launch of the KSLV in June 2009, which was expected to sent a satellite into orbit. The launch, tentatively scheduled for 11 August, received approval from the National Space Committee after experts reviewed all aspects of the flight plan established by the state-run Korea Aerospace Research Institute. South Korea notified the International Maritime Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization of the launch in order to give notice to ships and planes operating in the region on the launch date of the potential hazard.[12]

First flight

The first attempt to launch Naro-1 was conducted on 19 August 2009, however the launch was canceled seven minutes and 56 seconds before launch. The second attempt on 25 August 2009 succeeded in taking off from the Naro Space Center. The Khrunichev-built first stage reportedly performed nominally,[13] and the second stage separation took place as expected,[14] but the payload fairing separation system malfunctioned and half of the satellite protective cover stayed bolted to the second stage. The added weight of the remaining fairing caused the rocket to tumble upwards and to be thrown off its nominal course, soaring 20 kilometres (12 mi) above the planned altitude before falling down.[1] Currently, it is presumed that the payload (STSAT-2) has reentered the atmosphere and disintegrated. Further investigation is proceeding.

A second flight attempt has been scheduled for May 2010. In addition, Khrunichev has signed a contract for providing the first stage for a third attempt, should the second launch be unsuccessful.[14]

Flight # Variant Date of Launch Launch Location Payload Outcome Remarks
1 Naro-1 2009-08-25 08:00 UTC (17:00 KST)[15] Naro Space Centre South Korea STSAT-2A Partial success Launched successfully but payload failed to reach desired orbit[1]
2 Naro-1 May 2010[16][17] Naro Space Centre South Korea STSAT-2B Planned

Comparable rockets

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "S. Korean satellite lost shortly after launch: gov't". Yonhap News. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  2. ^ Korea Times – S. Korea Completes Work on Naro Space Center
  3. ^ "Korea's 1st Space Rocket Named 'Naro'". The Chosun Ilbo. 11 May 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
  4. ^ Selecting the name of Korean first space launch vehicle as 'Naro'(한국 첫 우주발사체 이름 '나로' 선정) Electronic Times Internet, 2009.5.10.(전자신문 2009년 5월 10일)
  5. ^ http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Space-Systems-and-Industry/KSLV-Korean-Space-Launch-Vehicle-Korea-South.html
  6. ^ a b http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/kslv.htm
  7. ^ http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=73
  8. ^ http://www.fareastgizmos.com/transport/korean_space_launch_vehicle_unveiled.php
  9. ^ Joon-seung, Lee (25 August 2009). "S. Korea to launch first space rocket on Aug. 19". Retrieved 26 August 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |publier= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "KSLV - Korean Space Launch Vehicle".
  11. ^ "South Korea's first space launch to take place 30 July news". domain-b.com. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  12. ^ http://www.telecomskorea.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7382&Itemid=2
  13. ^ "Historic South Korean satellite launch fails". Spaceflight Now. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  14. ^ a b "South Korea plans to allocate $1.3 bln on new carrier rocket". RIA Novosti. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
  15. ^ http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2009/08/01/99/0503000000AEN20090801002300320F.HTML
  16. ^ http://www.donga.com/fbin/output?n=200906110330&top20=1 (in Korean)
  17. ^ 'South Korean Launch Ends in Failure With Missing Satellite' by Clinton Parks, Space.com, 25 August 2009

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