Liga MX: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 03:02, 1 February 2011
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2010) |
| File:FMF1A.jpg | |
| Founded | 1943 |
|---|---|
| Country |  México |
| Confederation | CONCACAF |
| Number of teams | 18 |
| Level on pyramid | 1 |
| Relegation to | Liga de Ascenso |
| International cup(s) | CONCACAF Champions League, SuperLiga Copa Libertadores |
| Current champions | Monterrey (2010 Apertura) |
| Most championships | Guadalajara (11 titles) |
| TV partners | TV Azteca, Televisa ESPN Mexico, Univision, Fox Mexico, Sky Sport Mexico Azteca America, Telemundo TVC Deportes AYM Sports |
| Website | www.femexfut.org.mx |
| Current: 2011 Clausura | |
The Primera División Profesional (Template:Lang-en), simply known as the Primera División, is the top level of the Mexican football league system and is administered by the Mexican Football Federation. It was established in 1943 and as of 2010 has 18 clubs, divided into three groups competing for league titles. Each season the league holds two tournaments, the Apertura in the winter and the Clausura in the summer. The league is currently ranked number 12 in the world and number 10 in the last decade (2001-2010) by the IFFHS.[1][2]
History
Amateur era
Prior to the Liga Mayor, there was no national football league in Mexico, and football competitions were held within relatively small geographical regions. The winners of the Primera Fuerza, a local league consisting of teams near and around Mexican Federal District, was considered the national competition. There were other regional leagues such as the Liga Veracruzana, Liga Occidental of Jalisco and Liga del Bajío that also had notable clubs. Many club owners were not keen on the idea of establishing a professional league, despite paying players under the table. With the increasing demand of football, there was a sense of urgency to unite all the local amateur leagues in Mexico to progress as a football nation. The professional national league was finally established in 1943.[3]
Professional era
When the F.M.F. announced the formation of the nation's first professional league, many clubs petitioned to join the newly formed league. The F.M.F. announced that ten clubs would form the Liga Mayor (Major League). The first members of the league were founded by six clubs of the Primera Fuerza of Mexico City, two clubs from the Liga Occidental and two members from the Liga Veracruzana.
Founding members
- Primera Fuerza: América, Asturias, Atlante, Real España, and CD Marte.
- Liga Occidental De Jalisco: Atlas and Guadalajara.
- Liga Amateur de Veracruz : Orizaba, Veracruz Sporting Club and Moctezuma.
Reformation
Throughout the late 1950s and early 1960s, many small clubs faced economic difficulties which were attributed to the lack of international competition by Mexican clubs and an unrewarding league format. As a result of the difficulties suffered by smaller teams, financially affluent Deportivo Guadalajara was able to capture 8 championships within a relatively short time span. Mexican clubs that placed high in the league standings could not afford to participate in prestigious international tournaments such as the Copa Libertadores as did many South American and European clubs.
The Mexican League Boom
The 1970 World Cup held in Mexico was the first World Cup televised on a grand scale. The season following the FIFA World Cup, the F.M.F. changed the league format and established a playoff phase to determine the national champion. This was done to regenerate interest and reward teams that placed fairly high in the standings.
Season
Regular Season tournaments
In 1996, the league decided to split the season into two championships. This measure was done to generate additional revenues to finance the F.M.F.'s lower divisions. The league holds two tournaments per year, originally called invierno (winter) and verano (summer), now changed to apertura (opening - running from August to December) and clausura (closing - running from January to May). The change was done to correspond with FIFA's world footballing calendar, which "opens" in July/August and "closes" in April/May of the next year. So throughout the footballing world, the action lasts about ten months. In Europe, where tournaments are played as one single championship throughout the year, there is only one champion per year. In the case of Mexico, Argentina and other countries in South America, a new champion is crowned about every five months, or two per year.
Every season, The 18 teams are split into three groups of six, either group one, group two, or group three. They remain in their respective groups throughout the two tournaments played that season. The qualification phase of the tournament lasts 17 weeks, as all teams play each other once per tournament in a home and home series over both tournaments. The qualifying teams reach the liguilla phase of the respective tournament.
La Liguilla (The Playoffs)
La liguilla is the playoff phase of the tournament. This phase starts with eight qualifying teams and is played in the "tie" format in two-leg aggregate-score, similar to the quarterfinals and semifinals of the UEFA Champions League. The first six qualifying teams are the two best clubs from each of the three groups. The best two clubs on the General Classification Table who are not among the top two in their respective group round up the eight qualifiers. The Elimination bracket goes from an 8 team quarterfinal, to a 4 team semifinal, and a final. The Champion team is awarded the First division trophy, and the runner up is awarded a smaller version of the trophy as well. Each player receives a medal respective to their team's placement. The birth of la liguilla in 1970, modernized the league despite the disagreements between the traditionalists and the modernists. Clubs that were near bankruptcy were now better able to compete and generate profits.
Relegation and Promotion
At the end of a season, after the apertura and clausura tournaments, one team is relegated to the next lower division, Liga de Ascenso, and one team from that division is promoted and takes the place left open by the relegated team. Currently, the relegated team is determined by computing the points-per-game-played ratio for each team, considering all the games played by the team during the last two seasons (four tournaments). The team with the lower ratio is relegated. For teams recently promoted, only the games played since their promotion are considered (two or four tournaments). The team promoted from Liga de Ascenso is the winner of a two-leg match between the champions of the apertura and clausura tournaments of that division. If a team becomes the champion in both tournaments, it is automatically promoted. Most recent movements have been Indios de Ciudad Juárez relegated after clausura 2010, and Club Necaxa promoted for apertura 2010.
Current Teams
| Currently Promoted To (The Primera Division) |
| Necaxa |
| Currently Relegated From (The Primera Division) |
| Indios de Ciudad Juárez |
| Currently Promoted To (Liga de Ascenso) |
| Estudiantes de Altamira |
Kit and Sponsorship
Each team must have a kit of 3 distinct uniforms; local, visitor, and an optional alternate. As well as assigning the goalkeeper a distinct kit in any number of variations from that of the field players.[4]
Uniform
The basic mandatory uniform for a player will be: 1. Game jersey, shorts, socks, shinguards and footwear. If using pants and / or thermal shirt, they are of the same color as the shorts or sleeve. As an exception to the above, if the supplier of uniforms for a club not count on thermal shirt the same color as the shirt of the game, you can use a different one, if not confused with the color of the shirt and play or thermal shirt contrary Club and is used uniformly by all the players so choose, that is, there can be no color difference in temperature between the beach playing on the same Club. 2. Goalkeeper: Each goalkeeper wears colors that distinguish him from other players, the referee and assistant referee. 3. Players are prohibited from using belts, hats, wristbands, shorts and / or thermal shirt commercial advertising not authorized by the Club. 4. Security: Players will not use or carry objects that are dangerous to themselves or other players (including any kind of jewelry).[5]
Number
Players are to use a number of two consecutive digits on the back of the game shirt, and front of the shorts.[6]
Sponsors
Clubs may carry commercial advertising on their uniforms, provided that the colors of the Club, player number, the official emblem of the Club and the FMF can be clearly identified.[7]
Television
The teams of the Primera, like those of Serie A in Italy have the right to sell their own broadcast rights. What this means in practice is that the league is effectively divided between teams broadcast on Televisa, TV Azteca in México and [Azteca America], [Telemundo] & Univision In United States.
Additionally, SKY Latin America and Fox Sports LA hold exclusive broadcasting rights over certain matches, although the majority of the most important ones are shown on free-to-air television.
Most of the matches of the Televisa teams are shown primarily on Galavisión Saturday afternoons and evenings, The games of UNAM, Toluca and America are shown Sundays on Canal de las Estrellas. All of Television Azteca's matches are on Azteca 13 on Saturday or Sunday afternoons except U.A.G. & Necaxa that plays on Fridays and its matches are shown on Azteca 7.
Primera División – League System Champions (1943–1970)
Primera División – Liguilla System Champions (1970–1996)
- Not official/recognized title
- Goal Difference.
Primera División – Short Tournament Champions (1996-Currently)
- Not official/recognized title
Championship
|
Championships by club
|
Championships by State
|
Champions
List of Mexican football champions
See also
- Primera Fuerza
- Liga de Ascenso
- Segunda División Profesional
- Tercera División de México
- Campeón de Campeones
- Copa México
- Football in Mexico
- Mexican Football Federation
References
- ^ http://www.iffhs.de/?b6e28fa3002f71504e52d17f7370eff3702bb1c2bb11
- ^ http://www.iffhs.de/?20fa3002f76857a72e00fa2d17f7370eff3702bb1c2bbb6e0d
- ^ "Historia del futbol en México". Femexfut. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
- ^ Reglamento De Competencia Primera División Profesional 2010-2011, pg. 33 articulo 63, http://femexfut.org.mx/portalv2/webservices/ws_fmfdocumento.aspx?TipoDocumento=reglamentos&Division=6&Temporada=61, retrieved 2010-11-14
- ^ Reglamento De Competencia Primera División Profesional 2010-2011, pg. 34 articulo 65, http://femexfut.org.mx/portalv2/webservices/ws_fmfdocumento.aspx?TipoDocumento=reglamentos&Division=6&Temporada=61, retrieved 2010-11-14
- ^ Reglamento De Competencia Primera División Profesional 2010-2011, pg. 35 articulo 66, http://femexfut.org.mx/portalv2/webservices/ws_fmfdocumento.aspx?TipoDocumento=reglamentos&Division=6&Temporada=61, retrieved 2010-11-14
- ^ Reglamento De Competencia Primera División Profesional 2010-2011, pg. 35 articulo 67, http://femexfut.org.mx/portalv2/webservices/ws_fmfdocumento.aspx?TipoDocumento=reglamentos&Division=6&Temporada=61, retrieved 2010-11-14
External links
- Map to all Mexican clubs
- Official League Website Template:Es icon
- MedioTiempo Website Template:Es icon
- Mexican League Top Goalscorers, Season by Season Template:Es icon
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