Jobbik

Movement for a Better Hungary Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom
File:Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom.png
Leader	Gábor Vona
Parliamentary leader	János Volner
Vice Presidents	Erik Fülöp Dávid Janiczak Tamás Sneider László Toroczkai János Volner Dániel Z. Kárpát
Founded	24 October 2003
Headquarters	1113 Budapest, Villányi út 20/A
Youth wing	Jobbik Young Section
Paramilitary wing	Magyar Gárda (2007–2009)
Membership	17,927 (2016)
Ideology	Hungarian nationalism Hungarian irredentism Hungarian Turanism National conservatism Social conservatism Right-wing populism Economic nationalism Hard Euroscepticism Anti-globalism
Political position	Right-wing to Far-right
European affiliation	none
European Parliament group	Non-Inscrits
International affiliation	None
Colours	Red, white and green
National Assembly	24 / 199
European Parliament	3 / 21
County Assemblies	81 / 419
Website
www.jobbik.hu (Hungarian) www.jobbik.com (English)
Politics of Hungary Political parties Elections

Jobbik, the Movement for a Better Hungary (Hungarian: Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom), commonly known as Jobbik (pronounced [ˈjobːik]), is a Hungarian conservative party with radical and nationalist roots. At its beginnings the party described itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" is the protection of "Hungarian values and interests." By contrast, due to their earlier anti-establishment stance, the party has been described by others as an "antisemitic organization".

Since 2014 Jobbik, with regard to its growing popularity, has started to re-define itself as a conservative people's party and changed the controversial elements of its communication. According to the party's Manifesto on the guidelines of a future government, Jobbik represents all Hungarian citizens and people and aims to build a modern national identity, while rejecting the chauvinism of the 20th century.

After the Hungarian parliamentary elections on 6 April 2014, the party polled 1,020,476 votes, securing 20.54% of the total, making them Hungary's third largest party in the National Assembly.

Name

The Movement for a Better Hungary more commonly goes under its abbreviated name Jobbik (pronounced [ˈjobːik]), which is in fact a play on words. The word jobb in Hungarian has two meanings, the adjective for "better" and the direction "right"; the comparative Jobbik therefore means both "the more preferable choice" and "more to the right". This is similar to the English phrase "right choice", which could mean both "a choice on the right side of the political spectrum" and "a correct choice".

Platform and ideology

Currently, the party describes itself as a modern conservative people's party.

Earlier, the party often defined itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" was the protection of "Hungarian values and interests". Since then, Jobbik has implemented major changes in its program and policies, due to its growing popularity and broadening supporter groups. Earlier Jobbik's ideology has been described by political scholars as right-wing populist, whose strategy "relies on a combination of ethno-nationalism with anti-elitist populist rhetoric and a radical critique of existing political institutions". For its part, Jobbik rejects the common classification of the political spectrum in left and right. The party sees itself as patriotic. The party has always rejected the term 'far-right', and instead labeled itself as 'radical right-wing'. It has also criticised media companies for labelling them as 'far-right' and has threatened to take action towards those who do. In 2014, the Supreme Court of Hungary ruled that Jobbik cannot be labeled "far-right" in any domestic radio or television transmissions, as this would constitute an opinion because Jobbik has refuted the 'far-right' label.

Since 2014 the party has not used the "radical right-wing" term to define itself, stating that Jobbik aims to represent all Hungarian people, not exclusively the right-wing of the political spectrum.

At its beginnings, Jobbik described itself as rejecting "global capitalism" and European Union, because they felt disappointed with the conditions of the Hungarian EU accession. While the party previously also opposed Zionism, the party's leader, Gabor Vona, stated in February 2017 that he has "never questioned Israel’s existence" and that the party supports a two-state solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict. At some point the party adheres to Pan-Turanism, an ideology that asserts that Hungarians originate from the Ural–Altaic race. The movement is described by some scholars and media outlets as "fascist", "neo-fascist", "Neo-Nazi", extremist, racist, antisemitic, antiziganist, and homophobic, although the party rejects these claims.

According to Gábor Vona, the president of Jobbik, after 2014 the party has grown out of its "adolescence" and reached its adulthood. Since then Jobbik defines itself as a national people's party and has significantly changed its views on the European Union, while in the internal politics the party has started to emphasize the opening towards the different groups of the Hungarian society. At the same time Gábor Vona took responsibility for the earlier, misunderstandable remarks of the party and offered apology for those who were unintentionally offended by previous statements.

Jobbik, according to the recent remarks from the party, does not regard ideological issues as a primary goal anymore but puts focus on the elimination of social tensions and controversies as well as on the fight against the growing corruption in the public sphere and administration.

Economy

At its beginnings Jobbik rejected globalised capitalism, and the influence of foreign investors in Hungary. In the past, Jobbik has specifically opposed aggressive Israeli investment in Hungary and selling out of the country. On 4 May 2013, protesting the World Jewish Congress's choice to locate their 2013 congress in Budapest, party chairman Gabor Vona said, "The Israeli conquerors, these investors, should look for another country in the world for themselves because Hungary is not for sale", responding to a highly controversial 10 October 2007 speech of Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres. Peres' statement that "from such a small country as ours it is almost amazing, that we are buying up Manhattan, Hungary, Romania and Poland" inflicted a heated debate in the Hungarian public discourse and the Israeli diplomacy had to explain the controversial words several times.

According to the 2017 Manifesto on the party's guidelines, an innovative economic policy should be followed, that's goal is to find the opportunities in the global economy. An increasingly important point of Jobbik's economic policy is the creation of a more competitive national economy that is able to provide higher wages. The party aims to support SMEs and a balanced development with multinational companies.

Public order

The party argues that the national police should be greatly strengthened and, along with the Fidesz, supports introducing a "three strikes law". However, politixal rivals of Jobbik accused Jobbik that its connections to the falsly depicted and now-banned Magyar Gárda militia have raised concerns about the party's commitment to ensuring peace and order within Hungarian society, even within the party.

Jobbik supports bringing back the death penalty and have also promised to restore capital punishment if they come to power.

Accusations of radical nationalism and irredentism

Hungarian losses of territory in the Treaty of Trianon

Due to the fact that large Hungarian population live outside of Hungary as ethnic minorities, their wellbeing has great importance for Jobbik. The party therefore demands minority rights for these groups in accordance with the Western European standards. As the waste majority of the current Hungarian political parties, the party demands the reestablishment of the once existing "territorial autonomy" in the Székely Land in Romania and desires to make Carpathian Ruthenia an independent Hungarian district referring to the existing example of South Tyrol. Jobbik is frequently accused to call for a return to pre-Treaty of Trianon borders in political rhetoric. However, in fact, Jobbik never suggested forceful changing of borders and believes that territorial and cultural autonomy in a European Union which respects minority rights is the ultimate solution.

A quarter of ethnic Hungarians live outside the country. Many times they face discrimination because of their ethnicity, that causes regular diplomatic debates among Hungary and its neighbors. Jobbik dedicates itself to supporting the cause of the significant Hungarian minorities residing in adjoining countries. The party is very vocal in defending schools, churches and cultural values of the Hungarians outside Hungary.

The meaning of the party's 2009 election slogan "Hungary belongs to the Hungarians" (Magyarország a Magyaroké!) was also the subject of considerable scrutiny. Some critics thought the slogan essentially tautological, while others were sufficiently concerned to mount a successful complaint at the National Electoral Commission, which ruled it "unconstitutional" on the very eve of the election.

On 11 March 2014, in response to a demonstration in Târgu Mureș, the Romanian president Traian Băsescu publicly asked the Romanian Government and the Romanian Parliament to issue a document to ban Jobbik members from Romania.

Besides defending the rights of ethnic Hungarians living outside Hungary, Jobbik actively supports the cultural autonomy and language rights of the autochtonous ethnic minorities living in Hungary.

The party has a pragmatic stance on the cooperation of the Central European nations and countries and, despite the differences on the views about history, strenuously supports the cooperation of the countries of the region in the institutions of the EU, aiming to reach common goals. Therefore politicians of Jobbik called for action in the framework of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative.

History and development

Hungarian Revolution of 1956 veteran Gergely Pongrátz, a Jobbik founder

Foundation

It was established in 2002 as the Right-Wing Youth Association (Jobboldali Ifjúsági Közösség – JOBBIK) by a group of Catholic and Protestant university students, and became a political party in October 2003.. The new party elected Dávid Kovács as president of the party, who served as chairman of the party until 2006. Instrumental in this was the person of Gergely Pongrátz, who in a speech to the founding conference made reference to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.

Around Christmas 2003, Jobbik conducted a nationwide programme of erecting crosses, to remind Hungarians of the "true meaning" of the holiday. The move was criticized by several Christian intellectual groups.

Alliances

Even though the far-right Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) and Jobbik had publicly shown mutual aversion beforehand, the parties entered an electoral alliance for the 2006 national elections, called the MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties. Its intention was seen as winning votes from the major conservative Fidesz party.

In the 2006 national elections the alliance won only 2.2% of the votes. Therefore, Jobbik termed the alliance a failure and virtually broke it up. In 2009 the State Audit Office (ÁSZ) reported the alliance for grave breaches of accounting rules. Jobbik blamed MIÉP alone for the irregularities.

In the 2010 and 2014 general elections Jobbik had no political ally. Recently, some left-wing intellectuals suggested a coalition between the left-liberal parties and Jobbik in order to change the Fidesz government, however Jobbik rejected the idea to cooperate with parties they call "20th century powers". At the same time Gábor Vona told in an interview that “We will need several bridges ... to voters on the left, not to parties on the left. Jobbik offers a message, a program both to former leftist and former rightist voters.”

Magyar Gárda and conflicts in the party

Main article: Magyar Gárda

A Magyar Gárda choir sings in Békéscsaba.

During the 2000s public order was one of the key topics of the Hungarian political life, especially after in 2006 Roma people lynched a Hungarian teacher in the Eastern Hungarian village of Olaszliszka. The case turned public attention to the failure of Roma integration and the inability of the Hungarian police to maintain law and order in the Hungarian countryide. The idea of setting up a "national guard", similar to the National Guard of the United States, became widespread among the conservative political parties of Hungary.

In June 2007, Gábor Vona, supported by the party, founded and registered the organisation called Magyar Gárda "Hungarian Guard", which says in its deed of foundation that it intends to become "part or core" of a national guard to be set up in accordance with the Gabriel Bethlen programme, and it also wishes to participate actively "in strengthening national self-defence" and "maintaining public order" as well as supporting and organising social and charity missions, in disaster prevention and civil defence. The foundation of the Guard was accompanied by sharp political debate.

On 10 March 2008 three leading figures resigned from the party: Dávid Kovács, the founding president of the party, Ervin Nagy, committee chairman, and Márton Fári, former chairman of the party's ethical committee. They indicated the Hungarian Guard as the cause of their resignation, stating that "Jobbik has been merged inseparably with the Guard, taking responsibility for something that it cannot really control in the long run".

On 2 July 2009 the Metropolitan Court of Appeal (Fővárosi Ítélőtábla) disbanded the Hungarian Guard Movement because the court held that the activities of the organization were against the human rights of minorities as guaranteed by the Constitution of Hungary. The Guard has attempted to reorganize itself as a civil service association, known as the Magyar Gárda Foundation, engaged in cultural and nation building activities rather than politics. Its renewed activities are opposed by the Hungarian authorities and prosecutors claim that the founding of the new organization is in contempt of previous court rulings.

After several splits inside the organization, most of the former members of Magyar Gárda has become inactive. On January 28, 2017 some radical members of Magyar Gárda organized a demonstration against Gábor Vona and the Jobbik in front of the building where Jobbik held its year-opening event. Participants of the demonstration called the new politics of Jobbik a betrayal of the right-wing.

Controversy

The party has strenuously denied allegations of anti-semitism or racism, as being either politically motivated or simply false. It has also dismissed the criticism of perceived anti-semitism, racism and homophobia as the "favourite topics" of an "ignorant and misled" European Union. Even so, the movement has been accused of playing on those fears. Jobbik has also been linked to homophobic incidents in Budapest.

Comments by members

On the eve of the 2009 elections to the European parliament, a comment was posted on an unofficial and unverified Hungarian political internet forum, allegedly in the name of Krisztina Morvai, who then headed the party's electoral list. Addressing their remarks to Hungarian Jews the comment poster stated that they "would be glad if the so-called proud Hungarian Jews went back to playing with their tiny circumcised dicks instead of vilifying me." News of this comment, which has been roundly condemned, spread rapidly around the world and eventually even featured in an article by The Economist. Morvai's critics have pointed to her refusal to even discuss the issue, let alone deny it; implying that this is sufficient to ascribe authorship of the remarks to her.

Her supporters however, claim that though she certainly has a record of being critical of the state of Israel given a sympathy for the Palestinian cause she developed while working as an international human rights lawyer, the idea of Morvai being an anti-Semite is "simply ridiculous," given that at the time of her alleged remarks she was married to a Hungarian of Jewish origin, with whom she has three children, but from whom she is now separated.

In a newsletter published by a group calling itself "The trade union of Hungarian police officers prepared for action", the following was allegedly printed: "Given our current situation, anti-Semitism is not just our right, but it is the duty of every Hungarian homeland lover, and we must prepare for armed battle against the Jews." The editor of the union, Judit Szima, was a Jobbik candidate in the upcoming election for the European Union parliament. Haaretz alleged Szima "didn't see anything wrong with the content of the article."

During spring 2012, Jobbik representative in Hungarian parliament Zsolt Baráth caused an outrage by commemorating 1882 blood libel against the Jews in Parliament. The Tiszaeszlár blood libel, found later to be unrelated to Jews, was known as first major anti-Jewish event in modern Hungary, predating the Holocaust.

In November 2012, the party's deputy parliamentary leader, Márton Gyöngyösi, posted a video speech on the Jobbik website in which he stated: "I think such a conflict makes it timely to tally up people of Jewish ancestry who live here, especially in the Hungarian Parliament and the Hungarian government, who, indeed, pose a national security risk to Hungary." As Al Jazeera reported, this led to "international condemnation of Nazi-style policies and a protest outside the legislature in Budapest. Around ten thousand Hungarians in Budapest protested against Gyöngyösi's anti-Semitic remarks. All major Hungarian political parties took part in the protest. At the protest, Attila Mesterházy the leader of Hungarian Socialist Party, described Jobbik as a "fascist possessions virus", while 5th district of Budapest mayor Antal Rogán, representing the governing conservative Fidesz party, described Jobbik as "evil". Jewish organizations responded to Gyöngyösi speech by describing it as a reintroduction of Nazism in Hungarian parliament and by describing Jobbik as a Nazi party.

In 2014 Tibor Ágoston, the deputy chairman of Jobbik's Debrecen and Hajdú-Bihar County organization, referred to the Holocaust as the "holoscam". Tamás Horovitz, the chairman of the Debrecen Jewish Congregation and the mayor of Debrecen, Lajos Kósa, condemned Ágoston’s remarks.

In 2015 deputy leader Előd Novák posted to his social media account on Facebook a picture of himself and his family next to a separate image of Rikardo Racz, the first newborn in Hungary of the year who was born to a Romani family. In a comment on the pictures, he stated that the population of Hungarians would become a minority and suggested that the Romani population is the biggest problem facing Hungary. Novák's remarks were both condemned and supported. Novák would later respond to the issue by refusing to apologize and suggested that the family should apologize to him.

World Jewish Congress Protest

Members of the New Hungarian Guard stand at a Jobbik rally against a gathering of the World Jewish Congress in Budapest, 4 May 2013

On 4 May 2013, Jobbik members protested against the World Jewish Congress in Budapest, claiming the protest was against "a Jewish attempt to buy up Hungary". Jobbik MP Enikő Hegedűs vociferously condemned both Israel and Jews at the rally as her husband, Lóránt Hegedűs Jr., stood nearby. An ordained minister in the Reformed Church in Hungary, Lóránt Hegedűs himself had served in the National Assembly as an MP of the far-right nationalist Hungarian Justice and Life Party from 1998 to 2002. He invited Holocaust denier David Irving to his Budapest church in 2007 as a "special guest", and has also been accused of anti-Semitism on several occasions for statements he has made about Jews at Jobbik events. At a 2011 rally, he claimed that Jews orchestrated World War II and controlled the international media, and a year prior had alleged that the Hungarian government was secretly cooperating with Mossad to facilitate an Israeli takeover of Hungary with the assistance of Hungarian Jews and mainstream churches. After his wife's statement regarding the World Jewish Congress, the Reformed Church launched an inquiry into the minister's conduct, with presiding bishop Gusztáv Bölcskei denouncing Hegedűs's activism for Jobbik as "permanent provocation" which was incompatible with scripture.

Warnings against "EU Slavery" and ethnic shift in Hungary

Main article: Antiziganism

According to Gábor Vona, Hungarians became slaves because the European Union had only wanted Hungary to enter the EU because of its cheap workforce. Vona also stated that "the number of Hungarians continues to fall while the gypsy population grows ever larger. This was not racism but a real social and economic problem. Anyone who doesn’t understand this is not normal."

In a 2016 inverview, Vona announced that he believes the EU also has some advantages.

Attempts to criminalize promotion of "sexual deviancy"

In April 2012, Jobbik tried to introduce a bill into the Hungarian parliament that would change the national constitution to allegedly "protect public morals and the mental health of the young generations" by banning the popularization of "sexual deviancy". The legislation was drafted by party spokesman Ádám Mírkóczki. This was to target "homosexuality, sex changes, transvestitism, bisexuality and paedophile behaviour". The proposed amendments would criminalise anyone who "popularizes their sexual relations—deviancy—with another person of the same sex, or other disturbances of sexual behaviour, before the wider public". The penalty would be three years in prison, or five years if 'popularizing' is done in front of minors. The draft legislation ultimately failed to pass.

Other issues

Support for Miklós Horthy

On 3 November 2013, Márton Gyöngyösi and other Jobbik members unveiled a bronze bust of Miklós Horthy, a nationalist admiral who served as Regent of Hungary from 1920 to 1944, in front of the "Church of Homecoming" in downtown Budapest's Liberty Square, where Lóránt Hegedűs serves as pastor. The ceremony drew strong public and official condemnations over the legacy of Horthy, who forged close—if uneasy—ties with Adolf Hitler from the 1930s and led Hungary into World War II in 1941 on the side of the Axis powers (which the country had officially joined the previous year). Many Hungarians thus see Horthy as a source of deep national shame and Nazi collaborator, complicit in the murder of half a million Hungarian Jews in the Holocaust in Hungary. Others, however, revere him as a national hero, ostensibly for guiding the country to stability in its chaotic interwar period—at the ceremony, Gyöngyösi proclaimed Horthy "the greatest Hungarian statesman of the 20th century".

Several thousand individuals—some of whom had pinned yellow Stars of David on their clothing came out to protest against the statue, and were met by a smaller crowd of far right protesters near the church who responded with anti-Semitic and racist slurs. Mayor Antal Rogán condemned Jobbik's move as a "political provocation" that would allow the "western European left-wing press" to unfairly characterise Hungary as being plagued by anti-Semitic extremists. Hegedűs, who had already hung a portrait of Horthy by his church's entrance well prior to the statue's installation, defended Horthy's legacy to journalists after the unveiling, calling it "unjust and historically wrong" to implicate the former leader in crimes against humanity because he was not prosecuted at the Nuremberg trials. In light of the furore over the statue, church officials announced they would launch another official probe into Hegedűs's political activities.

Electoral performance

Growth and electoral success

Krisztina Morvai, who successfully headed the party's 2009 EP candidate list; and Gábor Vona the Jobbik party chairman; during their nationwide tour.

The party faced its first electoral test with the coming of the 2009 European parliamentary elections. The election's results shocked their opponents: with the party sending three MEPs to Strasbourg; coming close to equal in number of votes with the governing Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) while eliminating their liberal coalition partner Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ), to become the nation's third largest party.

In London on 16 May 2008, the delegation of Jobbik's Committee of Foreign Affairs met Nick Griffin, chairman of the British National Party. They discussed cooperation between the two parties, and the elections for the European Parliament. Griffin spoke at the party rally in August 2008, while former vice-president Zoltán Füzessy is presently resident in Gravesend, Kent, England.

The Alliance of European National Movements (AENM) was formed in Budapest on 24 October 2009. The alliance's founding members were Jobbik (the Alliance was established during their sixth party congress), France's National Front, UK's British National Party Italy's Tricolour Flame, Sweden's National Democrats and Belgium's National Front. Since January 2014 Béla Kovács has been its president. Since then Jobbik officialy quit AENM and cut all ties with the members of the alliance.

On 12 April 2015, Jobbik's Lajos Rig defeated the Fidesz candidate in a parliamentary by-election in Veszprém County. It was the second by-election lost by Fidesz after the national 2014 elections, leaving the ruling Fidesz-KDNP coalition two short of the parliamentary supermajority (kétharmad).

On 14 March 2017 Jobbik started close cooperation with Bulgarian VMRO, Estonian Conservative People's Party and Croatian GO! as well as with trade unions, such as the Polish Solidarity80, in the framework of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative.

Hungarian Parliamentary Elections 2014

In November 2013, the party leader Gábor Vona, expressed optimism about the election saying that the party planned "no less than election victory in 2014". He argued that Jobbik candidates had been faring well in local elections and that opinion surveys had showed that Jobbik was the most popular party among voters aged under 35. The party has prepared its election programme dubbed "We'll say it, we'll solve it," which focuses on guaranteeing people a livelihood, safety and order. Vona said his party would initiate a referendum on protecting Hungarian land and on amending Hungary's European Union accession treaty.

On 26 January 2014, Vona held a rally in London where he sharply criticised the election law for preventing Hungarians living abroad from voting by mail at the parliamentary election.

Electoral results

National Assembly

Election	Votes			Seats		Rank	Government	Prime Minister candidate
	#	%	±pp	#	+/−
20061	119,007	2.20%	–	0 / 386	±0	5th	extra-parliamentary	–
2010	855,436	16.67%	14.47	47 / 386	47	3rd	in opposition	Gábor Vona
2014	1,020,476	20.22%	3.55	23 / 199	24	3rd	in opposition	Gábor Vona

¹In an electoral alliance with MIÉP, under the name of the "MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties", joined by Independent Smallholders’ Party (FKgP) organisations from 15 counties.

European Parliament

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/-	Notes
2009	427,773	14.77% (3rd)	3 / 22
2014	340,287	14.67% (2nd)	3 / 21	0

† 2009 Seat winners:

1. Krisztina Morvai
2. Zoltán Balczó – His seat EP was taken over by Béla Kovács, when he became a member of the Hungarian Parliament in May 2010.
3. Csanád Szegedi – He left the party in July 2012.

† 2014 Seat winners:

1. Krisztina Morvai
2. Zoltán Balczó
3. Béla Kovács

Mayoral:

• Ásotthalom – László Toroczkai (since 2013)
• Bánokszentgyörgy – László Baumgartner (since 2014)
• Békésszentandrás – Imre Sinka (since 2010 as an independent, since 2012 as a Jobbik-member)
• Devecser – Gábor Ferenczi (since 2014)
• Gasztony – Szabolcs Nagy (since 2014)
• Gyöngyöspata – Oszkár Juhász (2011–2014)
• Hegyháthodász – Roland Dervalics (2010–2014)
• Hencida – László Szémán (since 2010)
• Jéke – József Kovács (since 2013 as an independent, since 2017 as a Jobbik-member)
• Kemenessömjén – Attila Kurucz (since 2007 as an independent, since 2012 as a Jobbik-member)
• Kocsord – István Földi (since 2016)
• Kosd – Ferenc Kurdi (since 2012)
• Mátraballa – Róbert Dudás (since 2014)
• Monorierdő – Béla Szente (since 2013)
• Nagytőke – Csaba Szél (since 2016)
• Ózd – Dávid Janiczak (since 2014)
• Recsk – Sándor Nagy (since 2014)
• Tapolca – Zoltán Dobó (since 2014)
• Tiszavasvári – Erik Fülöp (since 2010, re-elected in 2012 and 2014)
• Törökszentmiklós – Imre Markót (since 2014)
• Tuzsér – Tibor Ferkovics (since 2013)
• Végegyháza – Norbert Vajda (since 2017)

History of leaders

	Image	Name	Entered office	Left office	Length of Leadership
1		Dávid Kovács	24 October 2003	25 November 2006	3 years, 1 month and 1 day
2		Gábor Vona	25 November 2006	Incumbent	17 years, 8 months and 20 days

Literature

• Kovács, András (2013). The Post-Communist Extreme Right: The Jobbik Party in Hungary. London/New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 223–234. ISBN 978-1-78093-343-6. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• Vida, István (2011). "Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom (Jobbik)". Magyarországi politikai pártok lexikona (1846–2010) [Encyclopedia of the Political Parties in Hungary (1846–2010)] (in Hungarian). Gondolat Kiadó. pp. 362–365. ISBN 978-963-693-276-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

• Official website (Hungarian)
• Official website (English)
• Electoral Manifesto (English)
• Changing of the Garda An article in The Economist about the Hungarian far right
• Deed of Foundation (Hungarian)
• "Third way" platform: The nationalist right gets together (HVG)